Protected Forest Areas Research Articles

Development of Pinus Pengger Forest Geotourism in The Mangunan Protected Forest Area Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta

A Forests have many benefits, is as a provider of environmental services for geotourism. The development of geotourism in forest areas is Pinus Pengger, Bantul Regency. The development of Pinus Pengger geotourism must be evident and directed according to the principle of using sustainable geotourism environmental services. The Research was conducted to determine a sustainable geotourism management strategy beneficial and sustainable. The analysis uses the SWOT method, the data support of surveys, and information from various literature. The results of the research show that Pinus Pengger geotourism has a landscaping potential that supports it to be developed. The Pinus Pengger geotourism development strategy comprehensively prioritizes the preservation of the forest environment and involves the community. Sustainable geotourism development can ensure the sustainability of forests and still benefit the community.

Protection And Utilization Of Protected Forests In Ambon City Environmental Law Prespective

Introduction: Protected Forest is a forest area that has a variety of vital ecosystem services for the welfare and resilience of society and the economy in the future. Excessive use of forests by humans without regard to the ecological balance can cause havoc for humans themselves, and require economic and social costs that are far greater than the economic results that have been obtained. Often people who live and make a living around the forest are accused of being one of the causes of forest destruction, but also the people who live around the forest are also expected to be the main actors for efforts to protect the forest itself.Purposes of the Research: to understand the protection and utilization of protected forests in Ambon City and to determine the form of policy by the Ambon City Government in protecting and utilizing protected forests in Ambon City from the perspective of Environmental Law.Methods of the Research: The research method uses the Social Legal Research method with a legal, conceptual, and case approach.Results / Findings / Novelty of the Research: The protection and utilization of protected forests in Ambon city has not explicitly been regulated in the form of regional regulations on protected forests. The use of protected forests is still carried out by indigenous peoples and forest rights holders. This shows that the policy regarding the protection and utilization of protected forest areas has not been maximized in the city of Ambon, which will greatly impact all aspects of human life and other habitats.

A Gis Study about Forest Management in Strâmbu Băiuț

Forests have a major role in preserving an environment, suitable for human life, being a very important and renewable natural resource. Because of the multiple interests of forest users, a wider range of up-to-date information is being requested in the community of forestry. The study describes a geographic information system (GIS) research, based on information about a protected forest area. The aim of this paper is to develop a management plan that lays the foundations for a long-term management of natural resources, both in favor of humans, and nature, to promote the values of biodiversity in this protected natural area, involving as much as possible, the communities in the area. GIS can be used not only to edit and display maps, but also to enhance work quality. These enhancements include an exploration of information from different types of maps, recognizing potentially problematic areas, facilitating informative public hearings, and presenting major area features. GIS has been recently applied to numerous fields, including forestry. Most GIS research works on land-use planning and forest management, relates to the establishment of databases, the expansion of mathematical models to incorporate the capabilities of spatial analyses. The results of this study reveal several features including: classification of plots by altitude, slope, exhibition, consistency of the tree, dominant species, accessibility of the plots, and identifying the areas where the snow lasts the longest. GIS technology provides users easier access to various information’s about forest features and to visualize them through the maps. The management of this database facilitates the implementation of methods of conservation of protected forests.

Remote Sensing-Based Land Suitability Analysis for Forest Restoration in Madagascar

Tropical forest loss has been a prominent concern in Madagascar, portrayed by a highly fragmented landscape of forests surrounded by small-scale agricultural patches along the northwestern and eastern regions. This paper seeks to identify priority areas for forest landscape restoration at a landscape scale using a geospatial land suitability analysis approach. The study area is the watershed of Mahavavy, home to one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the island but also an important agriculture region. The suitability analysis method comprises five major steps: (1) the identification of a set of restoration criteria, (2) the acquisition of available environmental datasets for each criterion, (3) generating suitability maps for each criterion, (4) the conception of a suitability analysis model, and (5) the design of potential sites for restoration. The specific suitability criteria combine both landscape composition and soil characteristics, including (i) distance from protected sites and forest patches, (ii) land cover classes, (iii) distance from settlements, (iv) distance from roads, (v) risk of soil erosion. We found 143,680 ha (27.9%) that were highly suitable areas for forest landscape restoration, 159127 (30.9%) moderately suitable and138031 ha (26.6%) not suitable areas. High potential suitable areas are observed in close proximity of forest patches and protected areas, and low restoration feasibility in all areas that are easily accessible and thus subjected to exploitation.

Ecotourism Development in the Tanjung Papuma Area, Jember Regency to Attract Generation Zs Visiting Interest

Tanjung Papuma is a beach that has become a tourist spot in Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Tanjung Papuma is located in a protected forest area managed by Perhutani. This forest is still natural in which it is a habitat for various flora and fauna such as deer, partridges, to Javanese langurs. Considering the Tanjung Papuma area which is a protected forest, it is necessary to develop ecotourism-based tourism. The ecotourism development that has been carried out will be linked to attracting visiting interest for Generation Z. Generation Z was chosen as the research subject because sustainable tourism behavior is increasingly being recognized as a popular topic among young tourists. The research method used is qualitative with the type of case study research. In extracting data, it is done through observation and interview methods. Interviews were conducted directly by researchers with key informants from tourism object managers, residents, and generation Z. The results showed management of the Tanjung Papuma has carried out tourism development by paying attention to ecotourism principles. However, some aspects are not optimal and need to be improved.

Identifikasi Bioprospeksi Senyawa Aktif Terkandung Dalam Bahan Baku Sirup Herbal Kube Minuman Herbal Resort wonosari Taman Nasional Meru Betiri

Herbal drinks are one of the alternatives to traditional medicine that are in demand by people in Indonesia. The research program of the ICCTF (Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund) and the University of Jember in 2017-2018 produced one of the outputs in the form of the formation of the Herbal Drinks KUBE in Wonoasri Village, Tempurejo District, Jember Regency. However, these herbal products do not yet have detailed composition of the active components so they cannot be registered with the Health Office. One of the products produced by KUBE is Herbal Syrup which is made from various kinds of spices originating from the protected forest area of ​​Meru Betiri National Park. The efficacy produced by herbal drinks is thought to come from the active compounds contained in spices as raw materials for beverages. To determine the potential content of these herbal drinks, it is important to carry out a bioprospection analysis of the raw materials of herbal drinks from Meru Betiri National Park in an effort to determine the active compounds contained. This research was preceded by conducting interviews with herbal medicine craftsmen KUBE Herbal drink in Wonoasri village to find out the composition or raw materials used in making Herbal Syrup. Furthermore, the collection of raw materials from TNMB for extraction by the maceration method and qualitative analysis was carried out on the active compounds contained. The results obtained that the plant raw materials for herbal syrups namely Ginger, Javanese Chili, Lemongrass and Turmeric positively contain Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, Saponins, Essential Oils. All samples also showed that they did not contain steroid compounds, and Jabe Jawa did not contain tannins.

Analysis of The Function of Forest Area in Spatial Planning of The North Tapanuli Regency

Spatial pattern planning of a certain area includes protected area and cultivated area allocation, based on the principle of the use of natural resources and environmental preservation for sustainable development. Included in the spatial pattern are forest areas designated by the Minister. The Objective of the research is to analyze 1) the function of feasible forest area in Tapanuli Utara Regency viewed from its biophysics, 2) the land cover in Tapanuli Utara Regency from 2014 to 2020 and 3) the forest area in Tapanuli Utara Regency which is still preserved as Fores Area or could be changed to be a non-forest area. The research uses descriptive qualitative method. The data are processed and analyzed by using overlapping method on biophysical data, existing condition, and other thematic data, using GIS (Geographic Information System). The Result of the analysis of the function of forest area in Tapanuli Utara Regency shows that the fungtion of its forest area of 198.002 hectares consisted of 1) Nature Reserve Area is 2.011 hectares, 2) Protected Forest area is 49.772 hectares, 3) Limited Production Forest Area is 69.093 hectares, and Production Forest Area is 77.126 hectares

Review: The status of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) and conservation actions in Thailand

Abstract. Sukmasuang R, Bhumpakphan N, McShea WJ, Wajjwalku W, Siriaroonrat B, Kamolnoranart S, Yindee M, Nipanan T, Maleehuan B, Khanthathongsakuldee K, Pongcharoen C, Sutummawong N, Thomas W. 2022. Review: The status of the endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) and conservation actions in Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 5020-5034. The endangered Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldii) once roamed throughout the plains and dry forests of South and Southeast Asia. However, due to heavy poaching and habitat loss, the population has declined drastically and has disappeared from many of its historical ranges. They are presently found in some natural areas of India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Hainan Island, China. Thailand used to be the distribution center of the species, where two subspecies, the R.e. thamin and R.e. siamensis, were found. However, both subspecies have disappeared from the natural resources of Thailand since the early 1990s. Many conservation programs have been conducted to save this species in Thailand, such as captive breeding and reintroduction. Our literature review revealed that currently, more than a thousand R.e. thamin are housed in over 20 wildlife breeding facilities and 109 R.e. siamensis in 8 breeding facilities. Based on the workshops on conservation and restoration of the species, suitable genetic selection can create populations suitable for return to protected forest areas in Thailand. At present, more than 554 R.e. thamin have been released back into the wild in 8 wildlife sanctuaries, 3 national parks and 1 non-hunting area and 27 R.e. siamensis were released in 2 wildlife sanctuaries in Thailand. The follow-up of the deer in the release areas was flawed. Major knowledge gaps include recent trends in the population dynamics, habitat selection, diet items and threats. Identifying and restoring suitable dry forest habitats for reintroduction are also keys for species conservation.

Natural forest regeneration on anthropized landscapes could overcome climate change effects on the endangered maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus, Illiger 1811)

Abstract Climate change and habitat loss have been identified as the main causes of species extinction. Forest regeneration and protected areas are essential to buffer climate change impacts and to ensure quality habitats for threatened species. We assessed the current and future environmental suitability for the maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus, under both future climate and forest restoration scenarios, using ecological niche modeling. We compared environmental suitability for two Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUnorth and ESUsouth) using two climate change scenarios for 2070, and three potential forest regeneration scenarios. Likewise, we evaluated the protection degree of the suitable areas resulting from the models, according to Brazilian law: PA—Protected Areas; PPA—Permanent Protection Areas (environmentally sensitive areas in private properties); and LR—Legal Reserves (natural vegetation areas in private properties). Finally, we calculated the deficit of PPA and LR in each ESU, considering the current forest cover. Forest regeneration might mitigate the deleterious effects of climate change by maintaining and increasing environmental suitability in future scenarios. The ESUnorth contains more suitable areas (21,570 km²) than the ESUsouth (12,386 km²), with an increase in all future scenarios (up to 45,648 km² of new suitable areas), while ESUsouth might have a significant decrease (up to 7,546 km² less). Suitable areas are mostly unprotected (ESUnorth—65.5% and ESUsouth—58.3%). Therefore, PPA and PA can maintain only a small portion of current and future suitable areas. Both ESUs present a high deficit of PPA and LR, highlighting the necessity to act in the recovery of these areas to accomplish a large-scale restoration, mitigate climate change effects, and achieve, at least, a minimum forested area to safeguard the species. Notwithstanding, a long-term conservation of B. torquatus will benefit from forest regeneration besides those minimum requirements, allied to the protection of forest areas.

ANALISIS KESELARASAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DENGAN POLA RUANG RTRW DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

This study aims to analyze the alignment of existing land use in the Indramayu Regency in 2021 with the spatial pattern of the RTRW of Indramayu Regency in 2011-2031. The data used in this study include Google Earth images in 2021, maps of the administrative boundaries of the Indramayu Regency, and maps of Indramayu Regency spatial patterns in 2011-2031. The analytical technique used in this research is to use the overlay technique, which is to overlay the existing land use map with a spatial pattern map, then a query is made based on the logical matrix of the alignment of land-use types with spatial patterns which produces a map of the alignment of land use with spatial patterns in Indramayu Regency. The results showed that there were 15 types of land use in Indramayu Regency. The largest land use in Indramayu Regency is rice fields with an area of 131,631 (62.9%) of the total land area of the Indramayu Regency). The majority of land in the Indramayu Regency is still in harmony with the planned spatial pattern by 70.31%, transitional land by 6.70%, and not aligned by 22.98%. Land that is not in harmony is widely found in protected forests and paddy fields. Most of the protected forest area in Ithe Indramayu Regency has been turned into a pond area, and the rice field area has become residential land, both village settlements, and urban settlements.

Human density modulates spatial associations among tropical forest terrestrial mammal species.

The spatial aggregation of species pairs often increases with the ecological similarity of the species involved. However, the way in which environmental conditions and anthropogenic activity affect the relationship between spatial aggregation and ecological similarity remains unknown despite the potential for spatial associations to affect species interactions, ecosystem function, and extinction risk. Given that human disturbance has been shown to both increase and decrease spatial associations among species pairs, ecological similarity may have a role in mediating these patterns. Here, we test the influences of habitat diversity, primary productivity, human population density, and species' ecological similarity based on functional traits (i.e., functional trait similarity) on spatial associations among tropical forest mammals. Large mammals are highly sensitive to anthropogenic change and therefore susceptible to changes in interspecific spatial associations. Using two-species occupancy models and camera trap data, we quantified the spatial overlap of 1216 species pairs from 13 tropical forest protected areas around the world. We found that the association between ecological similarity and interspecific species associations depended on surrounding human density. Specifically, aggregation of ecologically similar species was more than an order of magnitude stronger in landscapes with the highest human density compared to those with the lowest human density, even though all populations occurred within protected areas. Human-induced changes in interspecific spatial associations have been shown to alter top-down control by predators, increase disease transmission and increase local extinction rates. Our results indicate that anthropogenic effects on the distribution of wildlife within protected areas are already occurring and that impacts on species interactions, ecosystem functions, and extinction risk warrant further investigation.

A Comparative Assessment of Vegetation Diversity Under Coffee Plantations Inside and Outside Protected Forest Areas

The existence of tree vegetation planted in coffee plantations as shade trees is believed to have a positive influence on the growth and production of coffee plants. This study aims to analyze the diversity of coffee plant vegetation in three age classes planted inside and outside protected forest areas included in the administrative area of North Dempo and Central Dempo Districts, Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra Province. The results of observations and calculations of Value IVI found that Albizia sumatrana was the dominant species in all coffee plantations at various age levels. The IVI values of Albazia Sumatrana in coffee plants aged < 5 years were 157.32 (inside PF) and 720.92 (outside PF), in coffee plants aged < 10 years, were 84.30 (inside PF) and 155.51 (outside PF), while in coffee aged > 10 years is 75.46 (inside PF) and 95.92 (outside PF). Assessment using the Shanon Index and Simpon Index showed the same results; coffee plantations at all age levels had a moderate diversity index, except for vegetation in coffee plantations aged < 5 years which were outside protected forest areas and had low diversity index values. Through the availability of this information, it is hoped that it will be used as initial information for selecting vegetation types that will be used to support restoration activities in areas around protected forests.

Pemanfaatan Lahan Kawasan Hutan Lindung Oleh Masyarakat Hukum Adat, Masyarakat Lokal, dan Masyarakat Dari Luar Kawasan

This study aims to find out and examine how the land use of protected forest areas by the community in East Luwu Regency is used. This study uses an empirical juridical method, using a qualitative approach, on all legal principles/rules of law, both material law and how these provisions are confronted in a fact/reality that occurs in the field. The results of this study indicate that the use of protected forest areas by the community in East Luwu Regency is divided between customary law communities, local communities, and people from outside the area. There is injustice for indigenous peoples in fulfilling the quality of their economy, because they do not yet have a designated area, the existence of their customary forest is disturbed by looting and illegal logging carried out by people outside the area. Meanwhile, local communities often receive warnings when using forests because the boundaries of the areas they can use are not clear. Communities outside the area who encroach on protected forests which are unlawful acts. Community conflicts outside the area, in this case corporations, also conflict with the interests of indigenous peoples and local communities because their interests or rights are disturbed between one another.

KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI HUTAN OLEH MASYARAKAT SEKITAR KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG MBELILING DESA WAE LOLOS KECAMATAN SANO NGGOANG, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT

The use of forest ethnobotany in the form of medicinal plants by the people of Wae Lolos Village, Sano Nggoang District, West Manggarai Regency has long been used as an alternative to traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the types of medicinal plants used by the community based on the type of disease. The method used is vegetation analysis using the transect line method, as many as 81 plots with plot sizes of 20 x 20 m, 10 x 10 m, 5 x 5 m and 2 x 2 m. The data collected is primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with 3 key informants who were determined by Snowball Sampling to determine the use of various types of medicinal plants by the community around the Mbeliling protected forest area and direct observation by conducting a vegetation analysis while secondary data were obtained in the form of data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of West Manggarai Regency and data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of West Manggarai Regency. from the Wae Lolos Village Office. Based on the results of the study, there were 27 types of medicinal plants in the Mbeliling Protected Forest Area. The results of the analysis at the seedling level of medicinal plants obtained 23 species of medicinal plants with the highest IVI of 26.42%, the sapling level obtained 12 species of medicinal plants with the highest IVI of 35.75%, the pole level obtained 10 species of medicinal plants with the highest IVI of 55.76% and tree level obtained 9 types of medicinal plants with the highest IVI 62.76%. The most common types of medicinal plants used to cure diabetes are 14% and the lowest are cough, liver, back pain, malaria, ulcers, stomach, gout, migrant cysts, syphilis, ulcers, flue, stomachache, infertility, epilepsy. and seizures with a percentage of 4%.

(Utilization Of Non-Wood Forest Products (Ntfps) By The Community Around The Protected Forest Area Kalotok Village, North Luwu Regency)

This study aims to determine the use of NTFPs by the community around the Kalotok protected forest area and to determine the use of NTFPs by the community around the protected forest area. This research was conducted in Kalotok Village, Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency. This research was conducted from April to June 2021. The method used was an interview method using a questionnaire. The number of respondents as many as 60 people. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative method. The results of the study obtained data as many as 9 types of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) which are used by communities around protected forest areas. The NTFPs used by the community are Durian, langsat, rattan, honey, bamboo, melinjo and sugar palm.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN DENGAN POLA AGROFORESTRY DI DESA RANA KOLONG KECAMATAN KOTA KOMBA KABUPATEN MANGGARAI TIMUR

Forest is a stretch of land with a certain area that is overgrown with trees and other plants. Forests have functions as production forests, conservation forests and protection forests. Through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry held a Social Forestry program to improve the welfare of communities around the forest through a pattern of empowerment and remain guided by aspects of forest sustainability and in the form of Village Forests, Community Forests, Community Plantation Forests, Customary Forests and Partnership Forest. Communty Forests activities are only applied in protected forest areas and production forests.
 The purpose of the study was to determine the Communty Forests development strategy and agroforestry pattern in Rana Kolong Village, Komba City District, East Manggarai Regency which was carried out for 3 months from August - October 2020. The Communty Forests development strategy with agroforestry patterns in Rana Kolong village was formulated using SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method to evaluate the factors that influence efforts to achieve goals, namely comparing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The level of community dependence on forests is very high, as evidenced by the large number of people who have arable land in forest areas with cultivation of Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), Avocado (Persea americana), Candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus), Cocoa (Theobroma cacao), Coconut (Cocous nucifera). , Areca nut (Areca cetechu), Aren (Arenga pinnata), Bamboo (Bambuseae), Coffee (Coffea), Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas), Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Porang (Amorphopallus muelleri), White Teak (Gmelina arborea), Sengon (Albizia chinensis) and Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni).
 The results showed that the strategy recommendation obtained to improve the Communty Forests development strategy with an agroforestry pattern in the research area was the SO (Strenghts-Opportunities) strategy, namely by using opportunities to take advantage of existing strengths with activities such as increasing community participation in managing and supporting the utilization of Communty Forests with a pattern. agroforestry, increasing the government's role in the development of local and non-local plants, compiling a management plan for the use of Communty Forests areas to develop wood and non-timber plant species in accordance with Communty Forests land conditions, seeing legal support on Communty Forests as a reference material.

Establishment of legal principles of forest protection in the Second Polish Republic (1918-1920s)

The article is dedicated to the process of building the legal basis for forestry management in interwar Poland. After World War I, the problem arose with the unification of all administrative units of the newly-created Polish Republic. One of the significant stages of a reformation of the administrative apparatus in the Polish Republic was that the forestry management apparatus was made into a common denominator. There were difficulties with the state of forests that required immediate actions of conservation; as well as with the very multi-vector process of restoration of the state, which demanded significant state-building efforts. Therefore first legal acts aimed at the establishment of the forest protection apparatus were mainly formative and basic. The work analyzes the Decree on the organization of forest protection management of January 1919. In particular, it addresses the main structural components of the newly-created administrative apparatus in the forest protection area. It also highlights the topmost functions of the relevant authorities. The article states that the Decree, besides the administrative-organizational matters, paid attention to the scope of activities of forest protection authorities, legal issues regarding forest conservation planting, creation and approval of forest-based development plans.
 The article notes that, before the second half of the 1920s, different legislative acts on forest protection could exist in different regions of the Second Polish Republic. It was caused by the previous historical division of Polish land and inconsistent government actions in the forestry field. Another characteristic of legislative acts of 1918-1920s was the indivisibility of state and private forests. The final acts of this division were adopted in 1924-1928 - the Administration of state forests was created, and the basis of forestry management was defined regarding state and public property.

Prediction of Erosion and Sedimentation in Micro Catchment Area of Air Lanang Using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model

This research aims to obtain erosion and sedimentation rate data in the micro catchment area of Air Lanang using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) modelling within existing and scenario land uses. Geographically, the study area is located between latitude 3°26`23.48” - 3°31`46.09” S and longitude 102°24`11.74” - 102°28`26.35” E with a total area of 2987.06 ha. Soil analysis was conducted in the Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu. The research data was analysed using SWAT model. Recorded data in this study were including soil analysis data, soil type map from land unit and soil map book Bengkulu sheet (0912) Sumatra, data of status area from KLHK, Digital Elevation Model National data from BIG, a set of climate data from BMKG, data of administrative border from RBI map Bengkulu Province and data of land use from the interpretation of satellite image and ground checking, as well as the scenario land use which was prepared following the community forest program from the government in the protected forest by converting the coffee plantation located within the protected forest area to woody plants with economic, social and conservative values. The results showed total erosion in the micro catchment area of Air Lanang with the existing land use in 2020 was 820731.87 ton year-1, while in the scenario land use was 288212.45 ton/year which were classified to very light, light, moderate, heavy and very heavy in class erosion. Based on the existing land use data, there was a decrease of erosion in the moderate to very heavy class of erosion for 7.27 % resulting in the very light and light class of erosion become 15.55 % after the simulation of the scenario land use model. The use of scenario land use model is effective to decrease erosion and sedimentation rate. The total sedimentation in the micro catchment area of Air Lanang in existing land use in 2020 was 354949.98 ton year-1 with the highest sedimentation in sub-basin 2 while the lowest sedimentation was found in sub-basin 12. On the other hand, the total sedimentation in the scenario land use model was 137365.04 ton year-1. The reduction of total sedimentation in existing land use in 2020 to the scenario land use model was 36.76 %.

Species inventory and density of gastropod in mangrove ecosystem at Tomini Bay Gorontalo

This study aimed to identify the inventory of gastropod species and Density at The Mangrove Ecosystem in Pentadu Timur Village, Tomini Bay, Gorontalo, from March to April 2022. Two observation stations were determined from purposive sampling, which was carried out in five transect lines and four quadrants measuring 1x1, while the gastropod samples were taken and then placed in a plastic bag for identification and documentation. In contrast, the density analysis was carried out descriptively by differentiating each species of Gastropod. The results showed that eight families and 11 species of gastropods were identified, namely; Monodonta labio, Cassidula aurisfelis, Littoraria sulcata, Nerita planospira, Chicoreus capucinus, Cerithium kobelti, Nassarius polygonatus, Cerithidea obtusa, Telescopium telescopium, and Tereblaria palustris. In both stations within the tourist area, two types of gastropod species experienced the highest and lowest densities for two months, namely Nassarius polygonatus, found at 20.4 ind/m² in march and 18.4 ind/m² in April, whereas the protected forest areas that species Telescopium found 14.2 ind/m² in march and 12.40 ind/m² in April

Peatlands restorer plant species in the protected forest area

Abstract Like other ecosystems, burnt peatlands will run into natural regeneration, characterized by pioneer plants’ presence as a succession process guard. However, annual burnt peatlands can complicate vegetation growth, including the pioneer's presence. Besides that, it is unknown what kind of grow pioneers are, so the research aims to find out the pioneer plants’ diversity on burnt peatlands is essential. The reasonably extensive distribution of peat ecosystems and high fire potential in Sumatra is Tanjung Jabung Regency of Jambi Province selected to study. The locations of plant species inventory are Orang Kayo Hitam Forest Park (burnt five times), village forest (HD) Sinar Wajo, and HD Koto Kandis Dendang (each burnt once) using the Nested Quadrat and Line Transect of vegetation survey method. Vegetation analysis showed that 22 pioneers were found in HD Sinar Wajo and 27 species in HD Koto Kandis Dendang. Some are identified as ferns (Pteridophyta), breed with spores, and pioneer plants reproduce by seeds (Spermatophyta). In Orang Kayo Hitam Forest Park found 26 species consisting of plants, trees, shrubs, and lianas. Among the three locations, we found the same type of pioneer. It is implied that patterns and regeneration processes can help each other in the same landscape.