Protected Forest Areas Research Articles

Identification of Deforestation in Protected Forest Areas Using Land Cover mapping (A Case Study of Bukit Suligi Protected Forest)

In order to identify deforestation in Protected Forest Areas, land cover mapping has been used as a relevant method. This research aims to identify and map deforestation rates around the Bukit Suligi Protected Forest Area, as well as changes in land cover classes that occurred during the 2015-2022 period. The results showed that the deforestation rate reached 1,362.55 hectares per year or about 10.45% per year, a very alarming figure. This indicates a serious threat to forest sustainability and biodiversity in the area.

STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS VEGETASI PADA DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR WAIBURA DESA KOBASOMA KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG LEWOTOBI ILEMUDA RTK. 106 KECAMATAN TITEHENA, KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR

The forest area in Titehena Sub-district that is highly protected is the Ilemuda Protected Forest.Ilemuda Protected Forest is one of the protected forest areas that has a high potential of forestresources that need to be preserved. However, currently there are development activities thathave converted most of the forest area into agricultural land and plantations, thus affecting thediversity of vegetation types. This study aims to determine the diversity of vegetation types andregeneration status in the Waibura catchment area of Kobasoma Village, Lewotobi Ilemudaprotected forest area RTK. 106 Titehena sub-district, East Flores Regency. The vegetation typesof the Waibura catchment area of the Ilemuda Protected Forest area found 49 types ofvegetation. At the tree level, the dominating vegetation type is walnut with an INP value of22.36%, the dominating vegetation pole level is Tilo with an INP of 22.13%, the dominatingvegetation stake level is Tilo with an INP of 17.00%, the dominating vegetation seedling level isIpek with is 15.93%.The highest level of species diversity (H') at the tree level is 3.56%,followed by the pole level 3.45%, then the stake level 3.37%, and the lowest is obtained at theseedling level 3.32%. The regeneration status of vegetation in the Waibura spring catchmentarea of the Ilemuda protected forest varies. The Gari, Kajobunga, Tap, Kubak and Olakvegetation types have a "good" regeneration status. Perek vegetation type is in "fair"regeneration status. Baka, Bilo, Boja, Danga, Darat, Eheng, Foang, Halabait, Ipek, Kajuk,Kayorie, Kebahi, Kebo, Kenuna, Kukung, Kung, Lamatoro, Lekar, Maku, Nahak, Sureng, Pahi,Pao, Tebuk, Tilo, and Wu'a vegetation types are categorized as "poor" regeneration status. Thevegetation types Cocoa, Caladium, Coffee, Kue, Paku, Ti'e, Tobi and Waher are included in theregeneration status of "new". The vegetation types Bamboo thorn, Bao, Bidara, Kapo, Walnut,Nuting, Palawan tree, and Tapo are included in the regeneration status of none.

Diversity and ecological dynamics of ground and understory arachnid spiders from a lowland tropical forest in Sumber Pawon, Kediri, East Java

Spiders have significantly contributed to the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems and play an essential role as appropriate bio-indicators to monitor habitat changes. We aim to determine the composition and local scale diversity of spiders in the understory and ground layers and to determine habitat preferences regarding the distribution of spiders in the interior forests and riparian forests. Sampling was conducted at a protected forest area in Sumber Pawon Kediri, covering an area of 12.45 Ha during the wet season (January-March). The study’s results found 340 individuals consisting of 15 families and 63 species. Family Araneidae and species Hamadruas superba are the most common taxa groups in the interior forests, while Hippasa holmerae are in riparian forests. More individuals and species are found understorey shrubs in forest interiors. Soil temperature, relative humidity, and litter thickness positively correlate with spider abundance. Resource partitioning observation showed that leaf litter and herbaceous plants contain more potential prey for spiders. Forest habitat management programs must consider the spatial variation of spiders between strata, as well as the response of the spiders to the seasons. A better understanding of spider ecological dynamics will support the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.

Spatial Analysis of Changes in Normalization Differences Vegetation Index in Protected Forest Areas of South Lore District, Poso Regency

Detection of changes in vegetation density generally uses the vegetation index parameter. The value of the vegetation index can provide information on the proportion of vegetation cover, live plant index, plant biomass, cooling capacity, and estimation of carbon dioxide absorption. This study aims to analyze changes in the level of vegetation density using Sentinel 2-A imagery in the protected forest area of South Lore District. This study used the method of calculating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to identify changes in density over 5 years. The results of the NDVI analysis are the largest in the range of -0.92960 to 0.871725. The vegetation density class in the Protected Forest Area of South Lore District in 2017 is in the dense class with an area of 15,322.24 Ha or around 47.66%, while the smallest in the non-vegetation class, which is 103.11 Ha or 0.32%, while the largest vegetation density class is in the Protected Forest Area of South Lore District in 2022, namely in the medium/quite dense class with an area of 19,948.18 Ha or 62.01% while the smallest in the non-vegetation class of 219.17 Ha or 0.68%. The largest increase in area was in the moderate/quite dense class of 4,892.33 Ha or 15.20% while the largest decrease in area was in the dense class with an area of 6,651.16 Ha or 20.67% of the total area of the Protected Forest Area of South Lore District.

Alternatives of plant species for forest and land rehabilitation and their potential carbon dioxide absorption in the Wain Watershed, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

This research was conducted in the Wain Watershed in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The area of the Wain Watershed is around 11,225.68 ha, which includes the Sungai Wain Protection Forest area of 10,025 ha. The objective of this research was to obtain some alternatives of plant species for Forest & Land Rehabilitation and they have the potential to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) based on the conditions of land cover types, land systems, and land criticality in the Wain watershed. The results of this research indicated that the types of land cover in the non-critical land category were primary dryland forest, secondary dryland forest, and primary mangrove forest; while the potentially critical land cover categories were secondary dryland forest, secondary mangrove forest, mixed dryland agriculture, dryland agriculture, and settlements; slightly-critical land categories, namely shrubs, mixed dryland agriculture, and open land; critical land category was open land. The alternatives of recommended plant species suitable for Forest and Land Rehabilitation, which have the potential to absorb carbon dioxide in the Wain watershed include groups of endemic plant species, multi-purpose tree species, and fast growing species.

ANALISIS EKOLOGI PADA SKEMA IZIN PEMANFAATAN PERHUTANAN SOSIAL DI KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG RAKUTAK JAWA BARAT

Social forestry is a program that aims to realize sustainable forest management. There are three important components in Social Forestry, namely ecology, economy, and social. Ecological characteristics are one important aspect that indicates the success of the program. The purpose of this study was to identify the ecological characteristics of the Social Forestry Permits (SFP) scheme in Mount Rakutak Protected Forest, KPH Bandung Selatan. The data collected are land characteristics and vegetation characteristics. The method used is field observation, codding and literature study. The land characteristics in Mount Rakutak Protected Forest area are loam-sandy soil, soil temperature ranges from 20.5°C-29.8°C, soil moisture ranges from 13-90%, soil pH ranges from 2-6.9, and slope ranges from 60 -85%. The total land cover area decreased by 0.04 m2 in 2019, and, the average NDVI in 2021 (after SFP) has decreased compared to 2015 (before SFP). The results show that the SFP Scheme has not had a significant impact on forest coverage in Mount Rakutak Protected Forest area. Vegetation characterization based on vegetation composition was classified as moderate with an average of 3 species found in each village. The vegetation diversity index is low to medium with values ranging from 0-1.95, and there are four dominant species, namely Eucalyptus spp., Pinus merkusii, Persea americana, and Coffea robusta. Based on ecological analysis, it indicates that the Social Forestry Program with the SFP scheme has not shown a sustainable condition.

POTENSI AGROFORESTRI KOPI UNTUK WISATA ALAM DI KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN LINDUNG BATUTEGI

POTENSI AGROFORESTRI KOPI UNTUK WISATA ALAM DI KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN LINDUNG BATUTEGI

PENGELOLAAN DAN KEBIJAKAN PELESTARIAN KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG JOMPI DI KABUPATEN MUNA

This research aims to determine the realization of management and policies carried out in preserving the Jompi Protected Forest Area, Muna Regency. The research was carried out in June - July 2021, where the basic method of this research was descriptive analytical qualitative. Data was collected using observation and interview methods. The research results show that: (1) The realization of management of the Jompi Protected Forest Area by the Muna Regency Forestry Service does not comply with applicable regulations and legislation, including: Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, PP No. 44 of 2004 concerning Forestry Planning and Presidential Decree no. 32 of 1990 concerning Management of Protected Forest Areas, so it does not guarantee the implementation of sustainable management of the Jompi Protected Forest Area. Apart from that, there are still many violations committed by the community which further increase the escalation of forest destruction. (2) the policies that need to be implemented in the Jompi Protected Forest Area, Muna Regency are a) a more comprehensive planning and structuring design of the Forest Area involving various elements, including central, regional government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the community, b) organizational structure good forest management unity supported by professional and adequate human resources, c) implementation of forest conservation, empowerment of communities around forest areas, so that they do not depend on protected forests for their livelihoods, d) intensive socialization of conservation of Jompi protected forest areas both through print and online media , as well as through study and discussion forums.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tanah Masyarakat Hukum Adat Di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Negeri Masihulan Kecamatan Seram Utara Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

Introduction: Land and forests are the basis of people's prosperity and welfare.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical research type. The problem approach used is the statutory approach, the conceptual approach, and the case approach. The legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary materials. Procedures and collection of law and management and analysis of legal materials are then analyzed by way of description with qualitative methods.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that the mechanisms and procedures for the Protection of Land Rights of Indigenous Law Communities in the Protected Forest Area of the Masihulan State, North Seram District, Central Maluku Regency have been neglected by the existence of protected forests or the existence of a national park, even though it is through this land that the indigenous peoples of the Masihulan Country are passed down from generation to generation. Generations can take advantage of the natural resources that exist in customary forests such as plants and animals in customary forests for their survival and daily life. The rights of the customary law community, in this case the land including their customary forest, have not received legal protection as it should be in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 18B paragraph (2) and other laws and regulations

Spatio-Temporal Variation in Soil Salinity and Its Influencing Factors in Desert Natural Protected Forest Areas

Soil salinity is a crucial parameter affecting soil health. Excessive surface salt accumulation degrades soil structure, inhibits vegetation growth, and diminishes plant diversity. Such increases in salinity can accelerate desertification, leading to soil resource loss, hampering agricultural progress, and compromising ecological security. However, the vastness of arid regions and data acquisition challenges often hinder efficient SSC monitoring and modeling. In this study, we leveraged remote sensing data coupled with machine learning techniques to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of SSC in a representative desert natural forest area, the Alxa National Public Welfare Forest. Utilizing the geodetector model, we also delved into the factors influencing SSC. Our results underscored the effectiveness of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model in predicting SSC, achieving an accuracy of 0.745. Based on this model, we mapped the spatial distribution of SSC, revealing hydrothermal conditions as pivotal determinants of salt accumulation. From 2016 to 2021, soils impacted by salinity in the research area exhibited a rising trend, attributed to the prevailing dry climate and low precipitation. Such intensified salinity accumulation poses threats to the healthy growth of protective forest vegetation. This study can provide a theoretical reference for salinization management and ecological protection in desert natural forest areas.

Policy narratives in forest fire management

As the risk of forest fires increases around the globe, the issues of how to control, suppress, and prevent them are the subjects of growing public and political attention. This study focuses on the political debate in Germany regarding forest fires and provides insights into the conceptualization of forest fires and forest fire management at the federal and state policymaking levels. By examining forest fire narratives through the policy lens, this case study takes an exemplary extreme weather event exacerbated by climate change as an opportunity to examine the policy response to this problem. In this way, we examine the role of policy narratives in civil and environmental protection and disaster management. The findings reveal that all politicians examined in this study agree that forest fire management is an urgent matter that needs to be supported. In the prevailing human-centered narrative, policymakers see active forest management and use as tools to improve forest resilience to fire and other calamities. Those who advocate a nature-based narrative assert that it is natural processes in protected forest areas that most effectively enhance resilience. The policy solutions derived from these views include financial support, recognition of the work of foresters, forest fire managers, and civil protection agencies as well as, depending on the type of narrative argument favored, either increased forest management or improved protection of forest ecologies. This suggests that narrative analysis may illuminate the rationales underlying previous policy decisions and the framework for future ones. This contribution throws light on how narratives shape policymaking and, by extension, disaster management. Future studies should therefore take into account the influence of prevailing narratives when it comes to evaluating the potential that policymaking can offer for disaster management in the future.

Juridical Review of Community Forest Utilization Business Permits (IUPHKm) in the Kibuk HKm Group in Agung Lawangan Subdistrict North Dempo District

The 1945 Constitution in Article 33 mandates that the earth and water and the wealth contained therein are controlled by the state and used as much as possible for the prosperity of the people at large. Therefore, it is necessary to implement sustainable development that is environmentally friendly.The scope of development to be achieved is so broad, it must be implemented in stages and continuously. Development will certainly bring changes in society. With the changes in development and the increasing population, it should be adapted to the use of existing natural resources for the sake of the continuity of life of the community itself, both now and in the future. ¬Kibuk 94 Social Community Forest (HKM) was formed in In 2017 based on the Decree of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry No. 5756/MENLKH-PSKL/PKPS/PSL 0/10/2017 concerning the Granting of Community Forest Utilization Business Permits to Kibuk Farmer Groups Covering an Area of ​​400 (Four Hundred) Hectares in the Protected Forest Area in Ahung Village Lawangan, North Dempo District, Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra ProvinceThe topographic conditions are relatively sloping and undulating with the general soil type being Andosol. The garden area is at an altitude of around - 1,800 meters above sea level with an average annual rainfall of 2,500 mm-3000 mm. The wet season is 10 months and the dry season is 2 months, with air humidity ranging from 60% - 85% with air temperatures ranging from 150C - 260C. The types of plants in the protected area are in the coffee (Arabica) plantation area, Pokat Plants

Forest co-management for improvement of livelihood and forest cover: Experience from Sal Forest of Bangladesh

Forest conservation and livelihood improvement are the prime goals of forest-protected area co-management widely practiced in tropical countries. In Bangladesh, the co-management of protected areas (PA) started in 2004 with the funding of donor agencies involving the forest department (FD), non-government organizations (NGOs), along with the communities living in and around the forests. Thus, it is imperative to decipher the impact of co-management on the livelihood of forest-dependent communities (FDC) and forest cover change. The data on livelihood improvement were collected through quantitative and qualitative methods, while satellite data (Landsat images of the years 2008, 2015, and 2022) were utilized to detect forest cover change. The finding indicates that the co-management approach has positively impacted the livelihood of FDC by securing their income sources. The alternate income-generating activities (IGAs) provided to the FDC aids in securing income and livelihoods. However, the communities have experienced antagonistic relationships with forest officials, undesirably influencing their livelihoods. Reducing the dissent on forest management activities between forest officials and participants of the co-management program might positively impact the restoration of the PA. The forest cover area has increased by 18 ha just after the finish of the co-management program, and 18.9 ha has risen from 2009 to 2022. This forest cover increase might be due to the plantation in the denuded areas and livelihood improvement through IGAs posing less pressure on the forest. Therefore, co-management of the Sal forest might increase forest cover and improve the livelihood of FDC.

A checklist of robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae) of Kerala, India

A checklist of robber fly species reported in Kerala, India based on literature survey is provided. In this list, 87 species of robber flies representing 25 genera and eight subfamilies are enumerated. The diversity of robber flies in Kerala was highlighted. Most of the species were reported from the protected forest areas of Kerala such as Ponmudi, Anamalai hills, Idamalayar, Thekkadi, Valparai, Chembra peak, Nilambur, Peermade, Walayar, Tenmalai and Silent Valley of the Western Ghats.

Land cover change assessment using random forest and CA markov from remote sensing images in the protected forest of South Malang, Indonesia

Protected forest has important roles in protecting life support systems through water management, maintain micro climate stability, flood prevention, erosion control, prevention of seawater intrusion and maintenance of soil fertility. Deforestation in protected forest areas will reduce the roles, however, deforestation appeared to occur in forested areas of Bantur Regency. Infrastructure development which is growing rapidly and the compleexity of economic activities is driving deforestation in this region. The deforestation caused water supply problems, landslide and decreased endemic bird population (“rangkong”) in study areas. Therefore it is necessary to identify deforestation through land cover change assessment. This study aims at (1) quantifying the forest land cover changes in protected forest areas of Bantur and Donomulyo Regency, (2) identifying environmental condition in protected forest areas of Bantur and Donomulyo Regency. Landsat TM, ETM+ and 8 were used together with Random Forest classification for mapping the forest areas. Carbon Monoxide (CO) and temperature were used as biophysical factors in the model. The results of this study suggested the continuing deforestation with the existence of roads, economic activity, and tourism development triggered the deforestation pattern. Role of community was also found to affect the nature of deforestation.

Drivers of change in natural resources of the world and our country

The paper gives an overview of numerous pressures (drivers) of changes in natural resources in a broader context (World and Europe), and with special reference to the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, ie the Republika of Srpska. Direct and indirect drivers on nature are analyzed individually or in interaction. The following are analyzed: 1) Pressures of excessive use of natural resources through hunting, fishing, use of water, minerals and fossil fuels; 2. Pressures due to changes in land use through the use of agricultural and forest land, protected areas, traditional knowledge and urbanization of space; 3. Pressures under the influence of pollutants through pollution with nutrients, organic pollutants, acidification and many other pollutants; 4. Pressures of climate change through gradual, secondary and extreme events and 5. Pressures of invasive species. There are results that indicate a significant value of natural resources that is not sufficiently recognized in our country and in every segment. In particular, public awareness of their importance and the need for a socially responsible attitude of each individual in their preservation and sustainable use is insufficient. The analysis of scientific research published so far can reveal numerous international results that document the huge negative impact of numerous factors on the state of natural resources, as well as the few results that prove (document) this in our country. Hence the need for more research and results that prove the positive or negative effect of certain factors (direct or indirect) on the state of natural resources in our country.

Locating Kadu in Adivasi portrayals of protected forest areas in Southern India

Globally, Indigenous Peoples are the stewards of a large portion of the global land base, and their interactions and associations with the land have shaped and sustained it for centuries. Yet conservation studies and land management practices still struggle to understand or use Indigenous interpretations of the natural world. In many cases, this perpetuates a colonial sensibility across land use policies, which also dangerously misrepresents Indigenous relationships with that land. This paper focuses on Kattunayakans, a hunter-forager Adivasi (Indigenous) community living within the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala, India. Our focus is how they characterize kadu (‘forest’ in Kattunayakan language), both what it is constituted of and what it means from an Adivasi point of view. Using open-ended interviews, transect walks, and spatial mapping we find that for Kattunayakans, the forest is seen as an entity with agency; and a body of discrete biocultural landscape units classified as: a convergence of good places and God people; and a realm of spaces populated by kinfolk with fluid human-and-nonhuman identities that do not follow any physical boundaries of protected areas. This understanding of what a protected area forest is and is comprised of is neither adequately represented and discussed in the history of India's protected areas nor addressed in forest and wildlife management policies and approaches. This is highly consequential for Adivasi communities such as Kattunayakans, who do not have written or material evidence of their productive and historical relationship to forest land. We argue, as well, that when engaged appropriately, Adivasi portrayals of the kadu can bolster equity in land management and strengthen collaborative governance that more broadly advances human rights alongside the goals of biodiversity conservation.

Comparative analysis of waste management system in Meranti Forest Natural Tourism, Balikpapan City, Indonesia

The use of the Meranti Protection Forest area which is developed into a new natural tourism will cause an increase in the number of visitors which can have a negative impact on the environment. And in developing an area into a new tourism, but not having complete infrastructure will further aggravate the condition of the tourist environment in the future. Therefore, it is very important for a new natural tourism area to plan an integrated waste management system so that waste handling in the area can be handled properly and as much as possible. This plan also reflects development towards smart and sustainable nature tourism in maintaining the environment and ecosystem around the natural tourism area. In implementing the plan, the method used is to compare data on existing conditions in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area in terms of technical and non-technical aspects obtained through primary surveys with standards or criteria for providing infrastructure in natural tourism areas. The results of this study will show problems from the results of data comparison, which will then be solved based on the level of Urgency, Seriousness, Growth of the problem. The results of this study will be a reference in planning the provision of an integrated waste management system that is in accordance with current and future needs in maintaining the environment in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area of Balikpapan City.

Tinjauan Sosial Pertambangan Minyak Ilegal di Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara Tahun 2023

There are at least 8,000 illegal oil wells managed by the community illegally, spread across several districts including Musi Banyuasin, Pali and Musi Rawas Utara which are more concerned that illegal wells have entered protected forest areas and restoration forests protected by the state. Illegal oil well mining that occurs in North Musi Rawas district comes from Belani Village, Rawas Ilir District and its surroundings, and some of the crude oil under the Pantai Village of Rupit District has been going on for the past few years. Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas is prohibited from illegal oil mining. This research uses Empirical Juridical methods related to legal issues in practice or actual reality in the field. Empirical research is so that legal research methods that seek to see law in a real sense without any engineering occurring or can be said to see, examine how law works in society. The results concluded that the illegal oil miners in Belani village and Pantai village did not carry out oil mining according to the applicable procedures but residents did it in the traditional way. As a result of oil mining and refining, it continues at this time due to the lack of concern from the surrounding community to report this illegal mining incident to the authorities, in this case the Rupit Police Chief and Musi Rawas Utara Police Station. Another factor in oil mining and refining is still happening is the change in the pattern of society where previously oil palm and rubber farmers have now turned into illegal oil miners and refiners, they consider the income from mining to be greater than that of oil palm and rubber farmers.

ANALISIS KESESUAIAN FUNGSI KAWASAN HUTAN DI DESA MANDALLE KECAMATAN MANDALLE KABUPATEN PANGKAJENE DAN KEPULAUAN

The determination of forest areas in 1982, which is the basis for the function of forest areas, is currently considered to be less relevant, this is due to the large number of activities that are not in accordance with their designation and the presence of a new policy of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2021 where forest areas need to be reviewed using predetermined criteria. This study aims to determine the suitability of function of forest areas in Mandalle Village, which is currently based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment and Forestry number SK.362/MENLHK/SETJEN/PLA.0/5/2019 is a Protected Forest Area(Hutan Lindung). This research method uses the method of scoring forest areas with 3 (three) parameters, namely marbles, soil type and rainfall. From the results of this analysis, it is known that the steep slope class (25-40%) covers an area of 90.64 hectares with a percentage of 35.29% and the smallest the Flat slope class (0-8%) covers an area of 3.69 hectares with a percentage of 1.44%. The average rainfall at the study site was 14.78 mm / day (low) and the soil type of the study site was Podzolic which was categorized as sensitive soil.The results showed that the Protected Forest Area in Mandalle Village Mandalle Subdistrict Pangkajene and Islands Regency an area of ± 70,66 hectares (27,52%) suitable as Protected Forest, an area of ± 157,44 hectares (61,31%) directed as a Fixed Production Forest and an area of ± 28,69 hectares (11,17%) is directed as a Convertible Production Forest.