Proposed Feedback System Research Articles

A Reliable Reinforcement Learning for Resource Allocation in Uplink NOMA-URLLC Networks

In this paper, we propose a deep state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> learning approach for optimising the uplink resource allocation in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) aided ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). To reduce the mean decoding error probability in time-varying network environments, this work designs a reliable learning algorithm for providing a long-term resource allocation, where the reward feedback is based on the instantaneous network performance. With the aid of the proposed algorithm, this paper addresses three main challenges of the reliable resource sharing in NOMA-URLLC networks: 1) user clustering; 2) Instantaneous feedback system; and 3) Optimal resource allocation. All of these designs interact with the considered communication environment. Lastly, we compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with conventional Q-learning and SARSA Q-learning algorithms. The simulation outcomes show that: 1) Compared with the traditional Q learning algorithms, the proposed solution is able to converge within 200 episodes for providing as low as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> long-term mean error; 2) NOMA assisted URLLC outperforms traditional OMA systems in terms of decoding error probabilities; and 3) The proposed feedback system is efficient for the long-term learning process.

Where does the heart lie? A multistage process model of entrepreneurial passion and role identity management

SummaryWith research on entrepreneurial passion booming, there is an increasing need to understand how and why that passion influences entrepreneurs' performance over time. To address this need, we develop a multistage process model, proposing that entrepreneurial passion type—harmonious or obsessive—explains how entrepreneurs modify their identity and reprioritize their roles as inventors, founders, and developers in response to feedback as the venture develops, thus giving rise to different patterns of role identity transition or persistence. The proposed feedback system advances our understanding of entrepreneurial passion by providing a dynamic view of the impact of passion and role identity management on overall entrepreneurial performance. We conclude by outlining the theoretical and practical implications of our multistage process model and by presenting an agenda for future research on entrepreneurial passion and role identity management.

Development of Smart-Ring-Based Chest Compression Depth Feedback Device for High Quality Chest Compressions: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Recently, a smart-device-based chest compression depth (CCD) feedback system that helps ensure that chest compressions have adequate depth during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was developed. However, no CCD feedback device has been developed for infants, and many feedback systems are inconvenient to use. In this paper, we report the development of a smart-ring-based CCD feedback device for CPR based on an inertial measurement unit, and propose a high-quality chest compression depth estimation algorithm that considers the orientation of the device. The performance of the proposed feedback system was evaluated by comparing it with a linear variable differential transformer in three CPR situations. The experimental results showed compression depth errors of 2.0 ± 1.1, 2.2 ± 0.9, and 1.4 ± 1.1 mm in the three situations. In addition, we conducted a pilot test with an adult/infant mannequin. The results of the experiments show that the proposed smart-ring-based CCD feedback system is applicable to various chest compression methods based on real CPR situations.

Extended Feedback System for Coupled Sub-THz Gyro-Devices to Provide New Regimes of Operation

A new type of high-power pulsed source in the millimeter and submillimeter frequency range, utilizing the method of passive mode locking, was proposed in 2015 by the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP-RAS) in Nizhny Novgorod. This principle, well known from laser physics, allows the generation of a periodic series of powerful, coherent, ultrashort pulses. In the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength range, this can be realized using an amplifier and a saturable absorber coupled in a feedback loop. For the coupling of the two devices, a sophisticated feedback system is required. Such a system, based on simple overmoded waveguide components, was previously proposed by the authors. The present article shows how the proposed feedback system can be extended, allowing for a wide range of possible operation regimes for two coupled gyro-devices. Particularly noteworthy is the application of the modified feedback system for the realization of a two-stage amplifier in the subterahertz (sub-THz) range. Furthermore, it seems to be possible to use two helical gyro-devices coupled in the proposed way as a source of coherent pulses, as a free-running or locked continuous wave (CW) source, and as a two-stage amplifier. In all cases, no design changes of the feedback system are required.

Performance Analysis of NOMA Enabled Hybrid Network With Limited Feedback

This paper investigates the coexistence of multi radio access technology (RAT) using Ultra High Frequency (UHF) small base station (SBS) and millimeter Wave (mmWave) SBS tier in a heterogeneous network (HetNet). To support large number of users, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is used in the SBS tier. For NOMA, the SBS needs to obtain users’ channel state information (CSI) to determine their ordering. Acquiring CSI at the SBS is a challenging task due to the massively increased number of users. The existing literature uses limited feedback from the users as a potential solution to assist the SBS in user ordering, when perfect CSI is not known at the base station. The limited feedback from the users in the existing literature is used only for user ordering. However, in the proposed work, unlike using limited feedback only for user ordering, the usage of limited feedback from the users is twofold. The first one is for the user ordering and the second is for the RAT selection. The impact of the proposed feedback system is analyzed in a NOMA enabled hybrid UHF/mmWave downlink HetNet. Numerical results show that the proposed feedback system achieves significant improvement in the outage probability.

The sonic instructor: A music-based biofeedback system for improving weightlifting technique.

In this study, we assumed that correct functional movements for weightlifting can be learned with the help of a music-based biofeedback system. We compared musical feedback with verbal feedback from experienced trainers using two independent groups. The focus was on one specific movement called deadlift. Physical parameters under considerations were the spine (i.e. loss of midline stability resulting in flexion) and the forward displacement of the barbell during the repetitions relative to the mid-foot. We recruited 31 recreational weight lifters (21-42 years of age). Results revealed that both feedback types are effective in improving the movements for deadlift. No significant differences were found across the two feedback types, neither in terms of movement, nor in terms of clarity and motivation. The results suggest that the proposed feedback system is a valid tool for technology-aided training and self-training practices.

Backscattering technique for real‐time monitoring of the received power in wireless power transmission systems

ABSTRACTA wireless power transmission system with a dynamic, real‐time feedback for impedance matching is presented. The AC signal at the receiver node is rectified, the resulting DC signal is passed to a voltage controlled oscillator which drives a high‐frequency analog switch. When in the ON state, the switch shorts the terminals of the receiver coil, dramatically changing the impedance seen by the transmitter coil. This change is detected on the transmitter side as the backscattered signal. Variation on the frequency of the backscattered signal can then be used to affect changes in the power source amplitude or the transmission side matching network to optimize the transmission power efficiency. The proposed feedback system is implemented with planar spiral coils on PCBs, and the effect of distance variation between the coils and as a consequence, DC voltage variation on the rectifier output is measured using voltage signal spectrum in the transmitter node at 1 MHz. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2980–2983, 2016

State feedback control law for a class of nonlinear time-varying system under unknown time-varying delay

In this paper, the problem of stabilization of a specific class of nonlinear dynamical system with unknown, bounded, time-varying delay is considered. A new stabilizing control law guarantees the practical stability of the system. A modified extended control law leads to the exponential stability. A Lyapunov function is chosen, and sufficient assumptions are provided in order to prove the stability of the proposed feedback system. Simulation results are addressed to show the effectiveness of the suggested control design method.

Self Resonance Cancellation Techniques for a Two-Mass System and Its Application to a Large-Scale Stage

High-precision stages are industrial equipment used in micro-fabrications. Fast and precise positioning control is a very important technology for improving the throughput and the product quality. In particular, a large-scale stage has a low resonance mode which disturbs fast and precise positioning because of the structures of the stage. In this paper, a novel feedback system is proposed in a SIMO system using multiple position sensors which are located at an actuator side and a load side. The proposed feedback system has two remarkable features. One is that the effect of the vibration suppression and the phase stabilization of the resonance mode can be tuned simultaneously with only two parameters. The other is that the tuning of the resonance mode does not affect the rigid mode at all. Finally, simulations and experiments with an XY-gantry-stage are performed to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed feedback control system.

A P300-Based Brain-Robot Interface for Shaping Human-Robot Interaction

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) based on the event-related potential (ERP) have been studied widely in the past decade. These BCIs exploit stimuli, called oddballs, which are presented on a computer screen in an arbitrary fashion to implement a binary selection mechanism. The potential has been linked to human surprise, meaning that potentials are triggered by unpredictable events. This hypothesis is the basis of the oddball paradigm. In this work, we go beyond the standard paradigm and exploit the in a more natural fashion for shaping human-robot interaction (HRI). In HRI a flawless behavior of the robot is essential to avoid confusion or anxiety of the human user when interacting with the robot. Detecting such reactions in the human user on the fly and providing instantaneous feedback to the robot is crucial. Ideally, the feedback system does not demand additional cognitive loads and operates automatically in the background. In other words, providing feedback from the human user to the robot should be an inherent feature of the human-machine interaction framework. Information extracted from the human EEG, in particular the P300, is a well-suited candidate for serving as input to this feedback loop. We propose to use as a means for human-robot interaction, in particular to spot the surprises of the human user during interaction to detect in time any mistakes in robot behavior the human user observes. In this way, the robot can notice its mistakes as early as possible and correct them accordingly. Our brain-robot interface implementing the proposed feedback system consists of the following core modules: (1) a P300 spotter that analyzes the incoming preprocessed data stream for identifying potentials on a single-trial basis and (2) a translation module that translates the detected P300s into appropriate feedback signals to the robot. The classification relies on a supervised machine learning algorithm that requires labeled training data. This data must be collected subject-wise to account for the high inter-subject variances typically found in EEG data. The off-line training needs to be carried out only once prior to using the interface. The trained classifier is then employed for on-line detection of signals. During the online operation, the incoming multi-channel EEG data is recorded and analyzed continuously. Each incoming new sample vector is added to a new window. Spectral, spatial and temporal features are extracted from the filtered windows. The resulting feature vectors are classified and a probability that the vector contains a is assigned. Eventually, a feedback signal to the robot is generated based on the classification result, either a class label or a probability between 0 and 1. The proposed framework was tested off-line in a scenario using Honda's humanoid robot ASIMO. This scenario is suited for eliciting events in a controlled experimental environment without neglecting the constraints of real robots. We recorded EEG data during interaction with ASIMO and applied our method off-line. In the future we plan to extend our system to a fully on-line operating framework.

Remote sensing system for spatial electric field strength using free space light transmission

AbstractMost of the breakdowns in an electric power system are caused by lightning to the tower used for high‐voltage transmission wires. To avoid accidents due to lightning, it would be desirable to develop a measurement system for the spatial electric field distribution around the tower. We have developed a new system that can measure the electric field around the steel tower for electric power transmission by using an optical electric sensor. In conventional methods, the sensor is generally illuminated by light transmitted by optical fibers. On the other hand, the new measurement system illuminates the Pockels sensor directly by using a laser to measure the far electric field. Furthermore, our newly proposed feedback system makes it possible to measure the spatial electric field without concern for the change of Pockels sensor's operation point influenced by temperature change. This system is applicable as a remote sensing system to monitor the spatial electric field around a high‐voltage transmission line. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(2): 10–19, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20552

An automated feedback system with the hybrid model of scoring and classification for solving over‐segmentation problems in RNAi high content screening

High content screening (HCS) via automated fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technology for generating cellular images that are rich in phenotypic information. RNA interference is a revolutionary approach for silencing gene expression and has become an important method for studying genes through RNA interference-induced cellular phenotype analysis. The convergence of the two technologies has led to large-scale, image-based studies of cellular phenotypes under systematic perturbations of RNA interference. However, existing high content screening image analysis tools are inadequate to extract content regarding cell morphology from the complex images, thus they limit the potential of genome-wide RNA interference high content screening screening for simple marker readouts. In particular, over-segmentation is one of the persistent problems of cell segmentation; this paper describes a new method to alleviate this problem. To solve the issue of over-segmentation, we propose a novel feedback system with a hybrid model for automated cell segmentation of images from high content screening. A Hybrid learning model is developed based on three scoring models to capture specific characteristics of over-segmented cells. Dead nuclei are also removed through a statistical model. Experimental validation showed that the proposed method had 93.7% sensitivity and 94.23% specificity. When applied to a set of images of F-actin-stained Drosophila cells, 91.3% of over-segmented cells were detected and only 2.8% were under-segmented. The proposed feedback system significantly reduces over-segmentation of cell bodies caused by over-segmented nuclei, dead nuclei, and dividing cells. This system can be used in the automated analysis system of high content screening images.

空間伝ぱん光を用いた空間電界の遠隔測定

Most of the breakdowns in an electric power system are caused by lightning to the tower used for high-voltage transmission wires. To avoid accidents due to lightning, it would be desirable to develop a measurement system for the spatial electric field distribution around the tower. We have developed a new system that can measure the electric field around the steel tower for electric power transmission by using an optical electric sensor. In conventional methods, the sensor is generally illuminated by light transmitted by optical fibers. On the other hand, the new measurement system illuminates the Pockels sensor directly by using a laser to measure the far electric field. Furthermore, our newly proposed feedback system makes it possible to measure the spatial electric field without concern for the change of Pockels sensor's operation point influenced by temperature change. This system is applicable as a remote sensing system to monitor the spatial electric field around a high-voltage transmission line. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(2): 10–19, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20552

Providing feedback to distant students

Describes a feedback system for distant students including the tools and documents to provide feedback on frequent fixed response assignments and on projects or essay response assignments. A distance feedback system depends upon carefully planned, written assignments; specified evaluation criteria; and technology. It includes documentation, progress tracking, standardized responses based upon the specified evaluation criteria, and multiple assessments during the course. The proposed feedback system accommodates technological limitations yet provides useful feedback to facilitate distant student learning. The system could be adapted to benefit students enrolled in traditional instruction. A description of the feedback system components follows a brief introduction to instructional feedback and feedback levels and functions.

On-line tool wear sensing and compensation during turning operation

Dimentional inaccuracies are one of the major problems during the turning of a long bar. This is explained by the fact that flank wear on the tool cause a a tapering effect. This paper describes the design and testing of a pneumatic feedback system that can be mounted on a centre lathe to improve the dimensional stability during turning by on-line tool wear sensing and compensation. The proposed system consists of a pneumatic sensor to sense the tool wear during machining, a pilot-controlled direction control valve to amplify the signal obtained from the pneumatic sensor and an actuating mechanism to move the tool for compensation of dimensional in accuracies. The proposed sysmtem is tested for various cutting conditions. The improvement in the dimensional accuracy is shown by taking a cut with pneumatic feedback system and the repeating the cut with identical cutting conditions but without feedback. The experimental results show that the use of the proposed feedback system results inproved dimentional accuracy.