Proposed Construction Method Research Articles

Автоматизація побудови, порівняння та вибору маршрутів та схем доставки в системі мультимодальних перевезень


 The article proposes the application of a methodical approach to choosing the optimal route of multimodal transportation based on a module integrated into the information system of a freight forwarding company. The functions of the module are to build an optimal delivery scheme and meet all customer requirements, both domestic and international multimodal transportation, taking into account the changing circumstances in the conditions of instability caused by the state of war and the need to reorient the usual delivery routes.
 In the conditions of military operations, this method of automated search and comparison of alternative routes allows taking into account changing conditions that develop in real time, while the cargo flow should be accompanied by an information flow that would also be available in real time. The proposed structure of the database, the structures of requests for development routes., developed forms of source documents. The criteria for comparing routes of different dimensions are defined: the difference in the distance of cargo transportation, the costs of changing the existing system of cargo transportation, increasing the level of transportation safety, delivery time, reducing the cost of delivering a batch of goods, the difference in delivery time. A solution to the multi-criteria decision-making problem by normalizing the criteria and the additive optimization method is proposed. The method of determining the best route and supply scheme is implemented in the "decision-making" module, which is integrated into the information system of the transport forwarding company.
 The result of the practical implementation of the proposed method of construction, comparison and selection of routes and delivery schemes in the system of multimodal transportation based on the integrated module in the information system of the transport and forwarding company is the possibility of quick response to changes in external circumstances, warnings of emergency and conflict situations, control of the transportation process along the entire route and , if necessary, making adjustments to the route and delivery scheme, choosing a safe and effective option by the operator of multimodal transportation.

On the construction of families of optimal recovery methods for linear operators

The paper proposes an approach for construction of families of optimal methods for the recovery of linear operators from inaccurately given information. The proposed method of construction is then applied to recover derivatives from inaccurately specified other derivatives in the multidimensional case and to recover solutions of the heat equation from inaccurately specified temperature distributions at some time instants.

The Use of Vertical Gardens as a Network of Urban Navigation Elements with a Positive Impact on Biodiversity and Microclimate in a Dense Urban Environment

Abstract Horizontal green areas are becoming valuable, yet extruded spots, and their constant elimination at the expense of commercial and housing developments is disrupting green infrastructure. Interlocked existing urban structures seldom allow for the creation of parks and larger green open spaces, which could provide a habitat for a wide range of insects, birds, and other small animals. The lack of green spaces causes urban heat islands (UHI) over the cities. Vertical gardens are alternative solutions for urban areas, where it is not possible to increase biodiversity by creating new horizontal green areas. They effectively utilise surfaces that would otherwise be unused and transform them into effective green infrastructure elements. Using the example of the historical city district of Bratislava, i.e., Old Town (Staré Mesto) in Slovakia, we present an alternative approach for resolving the lack of green areas. A case study was conducted to create a map of all the potentially suitable areas for the construction of vertical gardens. We divided these spots into three groups, i.e., walls, columns, and free-standing structures and proposed construction methods for each type. Regarding the placement of potentially suitable areas along the roads connecting important transport hubs with the city centre, we created an original proposal for a district-wide network of vertical gardens as orientation elements for tourists and residents with significant aesthetic merit as well as ecological and hygienic values.

Structural performance and on-site monitoring of steel-concrete composite bridge with link slab

The project case of Qiwu Bridge using link slab action between simply supported composite spans is introduced. The 60 m-span girder of Qiwu Bridge is the longest and heaviest among the composite girders erected by bridge-erecting machine in China. Qiwu Bridge consists of a series of 3 simply supported spans built with composite girders and connected at the pier supports by a link slab. This solution has both advantages of (1) smooth driving condition and enhancement of durability by removing expansion joints and (2) clear structural behavior as simply supported spans. A finite element model was established to simulate and predict the mechanical response of this semi-continuous solution. Numerical results showed that the removal of the shear connection around the link slab decreased the stress level but also caused a stress mutation. Qiwu Bridge was also monitored by vibrating wire strain gages to follow its actual structural response. From preliminary monitoring data and numerical results, it can be concluded that the proposed construction method and the static scheme is safe for the 60-span composite girder with a large safety margin. Further experimental results will be obtained during the service stage of the bridge to validate the in-service performance of the proposed steel-concrete composite bridge with link slab.

An Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach for Monitoring Data Fusion and Health Indicator Construction.

The prediction of system degradation is very important as it serves as an important basis for the formulation of condition-based maintenance strategies. An effective health indicator (HI) plays a key role in the prediction of system degradation as it enables vital information for critical tasks ranging from fault diagnosis to remaining useful life prediction. To address this issue, a method for monitoring data fusion and health indicator construction based on an autoencoder (AE) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed in this study to improve the predictability and effectiveness of health indicators. Firstly, an unsupervised method and overall framework for HI construction is built based on a deep autoencoder and an LSTM neural network. The neural network is trained fully based on the normal operating monitoring data and then the construction error of the AE model is adopted as the health indicator of the system. Secondly, we propose related machine learning techniques for monitoring data processing to overcome the issue of data fusion, such as mutual information for sensor selection and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (T-SNE) for operating condition identification. Thirdly, in order to verify the performance of the proposed method, experiments are conducted based on the CMAPSS dataset and results are compared with algorithms of principal component analysis (PCA) and a vanilla autoencoder model. Result shows that the LSTM-AE model outperforms the PCA and Vanilla-AE model in the metrics of monotonicity, trendability, prognosability, and fitness. Fourthly, in order to analyze the impact of the time step of the LSMT-AE model on HI construction, we construct and analyze the system HI curve under different time steps of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cycles. Finally, the results demonstrate that the proposed method for HI construction can effectively characterize the health state of a system, which is helpful for the development of further failure prognostics and converting the scheduled maintenance into condition-based maintenance.

Material database construction for data-driven computing via a continuous path-following method

Data-driven computational homogenization has been proposed recently for the analyses of composite structures. Its basic idea is to construct an equivalent stress–strain database of composites via offline homogenization on the representative volume element and conduct online macroscopic simulation through distance-minimizing data-driven computing. Thanks to the scale separation of concurrent multiscale systems, this framework allows for improving online computational efficiency. However, high-density database construction in the offline stage remains a burdensome and time-consuming task. To this end, this work proposed an efficient approach that associates computational homogenization with the Asymptotic Numerical Method (ANM) to construct a high-density database. Being a reliable and efficient perturbation technique, the ANM allows for accurate tracking of the displacement–load paths and easily generates abundant equivalent stress–strain data on the paths. A fiber reinforced composite material with fiber buckling has been considered to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for the database construction of composites.

Application research of polar coded OFDM underwater acoustic communications

To further accelerate the practical process of polar codes in underwater acoustic communication (UWC) and improve the reliability and efficiency of underwater data transmission, we first propose a polar code construction method suitable for the underwater acoustic channel, which drastically reduces the complexity and meets the need for practical UWC. Then, we establish a practical polar coded UWC scheme by devising a two-step procedure based on the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing technique. Moreover, through simulation, the scheme's performances with the unimproved and the proposed polar code construction method are analyzed. Moreover, its performances with four different polar decoders are also given. The performance comparison with the LDPC coded UWC system is studied as well. Furthermore, lake-trial results under two different channel conditions demonstrate that the proposed construction method and the scheme effectively guarantee the reliability of data transmission, achieving error-free transmission at a transmission distance of 1718 m with the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of 21 dB, and a transmission distance of 749 m with the SNR of 16.5 dB, better than the LDPC coded system with same conditions. The semi-experimental results show that the proposed polar coded system under the Cyclic Redundancy Check-Aided Successive Cancellation List decoder outperforms the LDPC coded system by approximately 2.1–3.7 dB.

Neural Networks Based Lyapunov Functions for Transient Stability Analysis and Assessment of Power Systems

This article presents the Lyapunov functions based on the artificial intelligence (AI) method for transient stability assessment and the determination of stability region (SR). First, Lyapunov stability theory and the definition of SR are introduced. Then, the characteristics of neural networks as a general function approximator are employed as the Lyapunov function learner, and the Lyapunov function is constructed combined with stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Then, the falsifier's task is to find the state vectors that violate Lyapunov stability conditions, and the counterexamples would be added to the training set for the function learner to accelerate convergence. After obtaining the Lyapunov function of power system, the estimation of SR boundary can be represented by the maximum level set of Lyapunov function. Finally, the IEEE 9-bus 3-machine system is used as test system to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed construction method of Lyapunov functions for power system transient stability analysis.

Construction of electroactive polyamine-enzyme assemblies nondependent on the electrical charge

The assembly of polyelectrolytes and biomacromolecules (proteins, DNA) has attracted great attention in several fields related to medicine, molecular biology, and clinical chemistry. Here, a quick and easy multicomponent self-assembly is used to unite two species with the same charge to form an electroactive polyamine-enzyme assembly. Phosphate ions are added as a crosslinker agent to create a stable structure. Osmium-derivatized polyallylamine is combined with horseradish peroxidase (pI = 8.6) or PQQ-glucose dehydrogenase (pI = 9.5) on graphite electrodes. The assemblies are built by layer-by-layer or one-pot deposition. In both cases, the electrocatalytical signals observed are comparable to the state-of-the-art results. The proposed construction method represents a new alternative for the assembly of polyamines with proteins independently of their charge.

Research on the deformation control of surrounding rock about large-section tunnel in strong-medium weathered slate

Affected by dip angle and thickness of strata and the tunneling method, soft rock tunnel has obvious characteristics of large deformation, long deformation time and difficult support. Based on a case study of Gelong the deformation and failure mechanism of surrounding rock, stress characteristics of supporting structural and control method of large section highway tunnel passing through strong-medium weathered carbonaceous slate stratum are studied. This paper proposed construction method based on strengthening the longitudinal stiffness of supporting structure and increasing the integrity of surrounding rock, The results showed that the deformation of surrounding rock and the stress of supporting structure increased rapidly in the early stage of construction. The cumulative deformation of vault settlement and horizontal convergence reached 116.9 mm and 97.9 mm, respectively, accounting for 73.53% and 76.62% of the total deformation. The proportion of surrounding rock pressure shared by the primary support and the secondary lining was about 8.9:1.1. This shows that the initial support after comprehensive reinforcement has a strong supporting capacity, and effectively reduces the secondary lining pressure of the tunnel, which plays a vital role in the long-term service of the secondary lining.

Study on the geological adaptability of the arch cover method for shallow-buried large-span metro stations

As a newly proposed construction method, the arch cover method (ACM) has been applied in the construction of shallow-buried large-span metro stations, but the geological adaptability of this method remains unclear. To address this issue, the main construction process and support scheme were first described based on an actual project. The potential failure mechanism was analyzed, and a numerical model was established to examine construction safety under different conditions. Geological adaptability zones for the ACM were further proposed according to various indices of safe construction. To expand the application scenarios of this method, countermeasures were established and verified by engineering practice. Four potential risks were found during ACM employment: tunnel face instability, excessive stress and cracks in the arch cover, large deformation of the arch cover, and arch cover instability or collapse. The geological adaptability zones could be divided into applicable area, cautious area and forbidden area considering the consequences of different construction risks. Without advanced reinforcement measures, this method is not recommended when the rock mass is of Grade V or lower and should be carefully employed when the rock mass is of Grade IV or the rock mass exhibits the upper soft and lower hard state. Regarding Grade V rock masses, pipe roof should be installed to provide advanced support at the tunnel face, and the arch foot should be reinforced with steel pipe piles and prestressed anchor cables. Single-layer primary support could be used to avoid project progress delay and material waste when the rock mass is of Grade III or higher.

Construction and Coordination Mechanism of College Students’ Employment and Labor Relations in the Internet+ Environment

Revealing the law of two-way selection between college students and employers is of great value to the proper construction of college students’ employment and labor relations and the coordination of employment issues. So far, there has been little research on the feasibility testing of building a harmonious employment and labor relations network for college students and on the coordination countermeasures for employment issues. To this end, this paper studies the construction and coordination mechanism of college students’ employment and labor relations in the Internet+ environment. Firstly, the spatial autocorrelation of the distribution of college students’ employment and labor relations was checked based on Moran’s I index, and a random effect spatial Durbin model was constructed based on the employment data of college students in the study region within the study period to study and analyze the spatial effects of colleges and majors on the construction of college students’ employment and labor relations in the region. Then, based on the simple graph neural network theory, a representation learning method was put forward for college students’ employment and labor relations network, and the employment and labor relations of college students was built through full utilization of the implicit structural similarity existing in the known employment and labor relations network of college students. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed construction method.

Construction method of high-horsepower tractor digital twin

Background: Agricultural machinery equipment is the core element of advanced agricultural productivity. The operation system of agricultural machinery equipment involves machine-human-environment-society interactions. Limited by the production mode, operation mode, etc., the design and development, manufacturing, operation and maintenance control, recycling and other links of agricultural machinery equipment are still independent of each other. The massive information in the agricultural production process has not been fully utilized, so there are some outstanding problems such as low operating performance, low production efficiency, and poor integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. Methods: Focusing on the agricultural production process, this paper proposes the construction method for a high-horsepower tractor digital twin, and expounds on its operation mechanism. Taking high-horsepower tractor ploughing operation as an example, by deploying tractors, central servers, and an Internet of Things (IoT) platform, we developed a digital twin service platform for the agricultural production system of intelligent agricultural machinery equipment and built a tractor digital twin to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results: The accuracy rate of the tractor ploughing quality prediction service based on this platform is 96.65%. Under open-loop control, the number of excellent, good, medium and poor sets of the tractor ploughing quality are 153, 955, 1470, and 1422, respectively. After adopting closed-loop control, the number of excellent and good sets increased by 378, and 821, respectively, and the number of medium and poor groups decreases by 119 and 1080, respectively. Through this platform, the operation quality can be effectively and accurately predicted and improved, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed construction method of high-horsepower tractor digital twin. Conclusions: This research provides a method framework for the construction of the digital twin of tractor operation and maintenance control processes, and provides strong support for the vigorous development of intelligent agriculture.

Study on the Construction Method and Effects of Ipsilateral, Multi-Nozzle, High-Pressure Jet Grouting Cut-Off Wall

High-pressure jet grouting is widely used in the construction of cut-off wall in hydraulic engineering. Compared to the high-pressure jet grouting used for foundation improvement, the high-pressure jet grouting cut-off wall of hydraulic engineering has lower requirements for the advance consolidation and provision of bearing capacity, and more focus on providing an anti-seepage effect and ensuring the continuous integrity of the wall. In the past, the research on high-pressure jet grouting focused more on the application to foundation treatments, and the research on the construction efficiency of cut-off wall is relatively insufficient. Therefore, in this study, a self-developed ipsilateral multi-nozzle jet grouting machine with a large drill diameter and construction method are proposed according to the construction characteristics of the embankment cut-off wall in hydraulic engineering. Based on the dyke protection projects, Jinggangshan navigation hydropower and Xingan navigation hydropower, the large-diameter, multi-nozzle, high-pressure jet cut-off wall test is carried out, and the wall forming effect of the cut-off wall is verified through the combination of indoor and outdoor tests. The results show that the proposed construction method can adapt to the formation conditions in which it is difficult to implement conventional high-pressure jet grouting, and obtains good construction efficiency. A favorable wall quality can be obtained by using more efficient large-diameter and ipsilateral multi-nozzle jet grouting in the construction of high-pressure jet cut-off wall.

A method for the ontology-based risk management of PPP construction projects

PurposeWith the increasing complexity of public–private partnership (PPP) projects, the amount of data generated during the construction process is massive. This paper aims to develop a new information management method to cope with the risk problems involved in dealing with such data, based on domain ontologies of the construction industry, to help manage PPP risks, share and reuse risk knowledge.Design/methodology/approachRisk knowledge concepts are acquired and summarized through PPP failure cases and an extensive literature review to establish a domain framework for risk knowledge using ontology technology to help manage PPP risks.FindingsThe results indicate that the risk ontology is capable of capturing key concepts and relationships involved in managing PPP risks and can be used to facilitate knowledge reuse and storage beneficial to risk management.Research limitations/implicationsThe classes in the risk knowledge ontology model constructed in this research do not yet cover all the information in PPP project risks and need to be further extended. Moreover, only the framework and basic methods needed are developed, while the construction of a working ontology model and the relationship between implicit and explicit knowledge is a complicated process that requires repeated modifications and evaluations before it can be implemented.Practical implicationsThe ontology provides a basis for turning PPP risk information into risk knowledge to allow the effective sharing and communication of project risks between different project stakeholders. It can also have the potential to help reduce the dependence on subjectivity by mining, using and storing tacit knowledge in the risk management process.Originality/valueThe apparent suitability of the nine classes of PPP risk knowledge (project model, risk type, risk occurrence stage, risk source, risk consequence, risk likelihood, risk carrier, risk management measures and risk case) is identified, and the proposed construction method and steps for a complete domain ontology for PPP risk management are unique. A combination of criteria- and task-based evaluations is also developed for assessing the PPP risk ontology for the first time.

A global Anopheles gambiae gene co-expression network constructed from hundreds of experimental conditions with missing values

BackgroundGene co-expression networks (GCNs) can be used to determine gene regulation and attribute gene function to biological processes. Different high throughput technologies, including one and two-channel microarrays and RNA-sequencing, allow evaluating thousands of gene expression data simultaneously, but these methodologies provide results that cannot be directly compared. Thus, it is complex to analyze co-expression relations between genes, especially when there are missing values arising for experimental reasons. Networks are a helpful tool for studying gene co-expression, where nodes represent genes and edges represent co-expression of pairs of genes.ResultsIn this paper, we establish a method for constructing a gene co-expression network for the Anopheles gambiae transcriptome from 257 unique studies obtained with different methodologies and experimental designs. We introduce the sliding threshold approach to select node pairs with high Pearson correlation coefficients. The resulting network, which we name AgGCN1.0, is robust to random removal of conditions and has similar characteristics to small-world and scale-free networks. Analysis of network sub-graphs revealed that the core is largely comprised of genes that encode components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the ribosome, while different communities are enriched for genes involved in distinct biological processes.ConclusionAnalysis of the network reveals that both the architecture of the core sub-network and the network communities are based on gene function, supporting the power of the proposed method for GCN construction. Application of network science methodology reveals that the overall network structure is driven to maximize the integration of essential cellular functions, possibly allowing the flexibility to add novel functions.

A multi-parameter Generalized Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern bivariate copula family via Bernstein polynomial

In this paper, we are proposing a flexible method for constructing a bivariate generalized Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (G-FGM) copula family. The method is mainly developed around the function $\phi(t)$ ($t\in [0,1]$), where $\phi$ is the generator of the G-FGM copula. The proposed construction method has useful advantages. The first of which is the direct relationship between the $\phi$ function and Kendall's tau. The second advantage is the possibility of constructing a multi-parameter G-FGM copula which allows us to better harmonize empirical instruction with the model. The construction method is illustrated by three real data examples.

On Construction of Weighted Orthogonal Matrices over Finite Field and its Application in Cryptography

In this article, we propose a method to construct self orthogonal matrix, orthogonal matrix and anti orthogonal matrix over the finite field. Orthogonal matrices has numerous applications in cryptography, so here we demonstrate the application of weighted orthogonal matrix into cryptography. Using the proposed method of construction we see that it is very easy to transmit the private key and can easily convert the encrypted message into original message and at the same time it will be difficult to get the key matrix for intruder.

Research on the construction of the referral networks of city hospitals and invulnerability in response to major public health emergency

In face of major public health emergencies, how to ensure the orderly and stable operation of city hospitals? Based on the theory and method of complex network, in this paper, we put forward the construction method of city hospital referral networks, analyze the static characteristics of the constructed network, discuss the invulnerability of networks with four attacking modes, and propose two ways (or integrated) to optimize the invulnerability of networks, which are: (i) Identifying and protecting key hospitals that can increase network invulnerability, (ii) Adding hospitals to the network. Taking hospitals of Wuhan as an example and using the proposed construction method for networks, in this paper, a directed-referral network I with 219 major hospitals in Wuhan is constructed. On the basis of network I, 16 mobile cabin hospitals, Huoshenshan hospital and Leishenshan hospital have been added, the referral-hospital network II of Wuhan is achieved. Compared with network I, network II has better referral ability and invulnerability.

Benchmark construction and experimental evaluations for incoherent ontologies

As the core building blocks of the Semantic Web, ontologies provide shared vocabularies and conceptual knowledge for specific application fields. At the same time, ontologies can restrict their individuals and relationships through their semantic schema. However, logical conflicts of an ontology are often inevitably unavoidable in actual application scenarios when the ontology contains any form of disjointness or negation. Generally, logical conflicts can be divided into incoherence and inconsistency. Reasoning with incoherent ontologies may obtain many redundant relationships, and incoherence is a potential cause of inconsistency which seriously affects the correctness of semantic reasoning Therefore, handling incoherence is imperative, which mainly involves the fields of conflicts detection, ontology repair and justification computation. Various incoherent ontologies are indispensable to evaluate the proposed methods for handling incoherence. We provide a survey of relevant research works to study the proposed construction methods of incoherent ontologies. It is observed that incoherent ontologies in existing works still have the following limitations: (1) Lots of web pages used to download ontologies were temporarily constructed are now inaccessible; (2) Most of the existing incoherent ontologies were constructed in a simple way such as randomly adding disjointness axioms or merging ontologies through their alignments without considering all possible incoherence cases. To address the limitations, we propose a general framework to construct incoherent ontologies and design a hybrid algorithm to instantiate this framework. With the implemented construction methods, a comprehensive benchmark containing 116 ontologies is constructed. In our evaluations, incoherent ontologies in the benchmark are measured with 11 classic metrics. We then compare 5 representative ontology debugging systems and 3 repair methods. The evaluation results reveal that these ontologies could reflect different characteristics of each ontology system and repair method. All observations could guide researchers to select incoherent ontologies. The availability of our benchmark makes a contribution to the community of ontology debugging and repair fields.