Proposals For Amendments Research Articles

PROCEDURE AND PROBLEMS OF FINANCING PROVISION OF HEALTH CARE TO THE IMPRISONED PERSONS

The purpose of the paper is a study of economic and legislative problems in financing the provision of health care to the imprisoned persons, exercising their right to health care and providing proposals to fill existing gaps in the legislation. Methodology. The survey is based on an analysis of the development of the regulatory framework for health care and the principles of financing health care in some European and post-Soviet countries. A general description of the principles of financing the health care system in the European countries is given. The principles of expenditures on health care financing in relation to public and private expenditures and basic models of health care financing are analyzed. The current state of the health care system and the problems and features of providing health care to imprisoned persons in the post-Soviet territory, in particular in Ukraine, Armenia, the Russian Federation, in the Republics of Kazakhstan, Belarus, Uzbekistan, is studied. The problems of provision, realization and ensuring the right to health care to persons who are in the institution of execution of penalties are considered. An analysis of the regulatory framework governing the issue of the right to health care and the procedure for its implementation. Ways to solve problems related to the exercise of the right to health care for prisoners are proposed. Proposals for improving the regulatory framework in the health care sector on the harmonization of legislative acts (regulations governing the general principles of health care and the provision of health care for the imprisoned persons) are presented. Results. In the process of studying the state policy on financing the provision of health care to the citizens in the European and post-Soviet countries and based on the analysis of the modern legal framework, the need to reform the health care system is justified since only public financing of health care, or a larger percentage (over 80%) of such financing cannot provide all the necessary needs of the health care system. The need to harmonize the legislation of the post-Soviet countries is emphasized in accordance with the international standards. It is concluded that in most post-Soviet countries, the imprisoned persons have the opportunity to implement the legislation on financing and guarantees of health care, but taking into account their legal status and the regime of serving the sentence. Practical implications. Proposals to take into account the health care experience of countries, the achievements of which in the health care sector are recognized by the world community, and which, in addition to public financing of health care, actively turn to other sources, such as social insurance, targeted contributions of the enterprises, etc., are made. Value/originality. The article provides proposals for amendments to the legislation in the health care sector in some post-Soviet countries on the harmonization of legislation governing the general principles of health care and regulations governing the provision of health care to imprisoned persons.

Financing the Transition to Sustainability: SMART Reform Proposals

Financial markets are fundamental to a successful transition to sustainable market activity. Addressing unsustainable financial practices is vital to realizing the EU’s commitments on sustainability, as expressed for instance in the European Green Deal of December 2019. Yet, investments in unsustainable projects – routinely funded by large EU banks – have not been addressed sufficiently by EU financial regulators, in spite of the introduction of the EU Sustainable Finance Initiative (SFI) in 2018. The SFI lacks a systematic integration of sustainability factors in the actions proposed, limiting focus on selected environmental issues, especially climate change. It also relies too much on the existing incentive structures for private actors in financial markets. Such reliance is unlikely to deliver sufficient sustainable investments. On the other hand, the EU has made considerable progress regarding to prevent ‘greenwashing’ of financial products, and the development of consultative processes and expert groups speaks of a genuine commitment to deliver, which may be realized in the present EU Parliament and Commission. However, the legitimacy and effectiveness of this EU action needs to be assured, and there is a danger the SFI will not achieve its goals, due to limitations in the proposals under it. In this Report the SMART Project presents its analysis and reform proposals on regulation governing the funding of investments both in the EU and between the EU and third countries. The regulation discussed concentrates firstly on the banking system, including central banks and private banks but also private and public institutional investors, as much of the short-term and narrow pressure for maximization of returns to investors comes from the investment supply chains of financial markets and institutional investors. The SMART Project also proposes revision of the European Central Bank mandate and operations, guidelines for bank risk assessment, and regulation of banks. Secondly, the SMART Project proposes broadening and strengthening the SFI with proposals of amendments in the recent Taxonomy, Disclosure and Benchmarks Regulations to cover all economic activities and financial instruments and all market actors, both public and private, obliging them take into consideration sustainability in their investment decisions as well as benchmarks provided by index and benchmarks providers. In the final part of the Report the increased focus on foreign investments outside the EU is discussed.

Problems of environmental protection in the aspect of ecological tourism

Tourism as one of the areas of socially significant activity is becoming increasingly widespread both at the domestic and international level. The interaction of tourists with the natural environment can bring irreparable harm and significant benefits. At a time when attention to the environment has grown significantly, the movement of environmentally responsible tourism has arisen and is rapidly developing. Its purpose is to learn about the world and promote environmental protection. The article considers some issues of legal regulation of ecotourism in Russia, analyzes proposals for amendments to regulatory and law enforcement sources, proposes the formulation of the concept of “ecotourism”, codifies this area in order to properly protect and protect natural territories and their economic and social development.

What to do with the bandeirantes

This paper analyses the debates about the monument of Bandeirante in São Paulo, Brazil, inaugurated in 1953. “Bandeirante” is a mythical and symbolic construction of a historical character who had heroically conquered the interior of America for Portugal. Since the 1980s various intellectual and social movements have raised awareness of the ideological dimension of the Bandeirantes, including their role as enslavers of Indigenous people, propagators of infectious diseases and usurpers of territories. Correspondingly, the monument of Bandeirante has been the subject of protests connected to Indigenous rights. In October 2013, protestors against the proposal for a Constitutional Amendment that would threaten the Indian Territories in Brazil had thrown red ink on the monument, symbolizing the bloodshed. The monument of Bandeirante has thus ceased to be the place of admiration and became a site of revolt, contrasting aspects of the past that are the focus of this paper. The main question of this paper is if it is possible to mobilize the monument as a space for dialogue and negotiation by preserving its physical integrity and, at the same time, giving visibility to the demands of those whose rights have been violated.

Puebla «Desde Fuera». Il diario della Terza Conferenza generale dell’episcopato latinoamericano del padre Cecilio de Lora SM

This contribution provides an unpublished source of the Third General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate held in Puebla between January and February 1979. It is the journal of the conference of an important witness of this ecclesial event, the Marianist Father Cecilio de Lora, former assistant secretary of CELAM, invited to Puebla by the presidency of CLAR to coordinate the group of theologians, pastors, and sociologists who helped extra muros many bishops and religious participating in the assembly. It was a composite group of more than thirty people, “uninvited” to the conference by a CELAM directed by López Trujillo, but deeply involved, “from outside,” in the works of the assembly, both through contributions given to the bishops in the form of diagrams or proposals of amendments, and through daily press conferences. Written ad usum privatum, the journal published here gives, with the author’s brightness, some personal impressions and evaluations of the experience of Puebla. It also provides new information on the intense “parallel” work of this group of theologians, among whom were many of the most significant names in the new Latin American liberation theology.

Proposals for Amendments in the Standard for Electrical Eengineering

Proposals for Amendments in the Standard for Electrical Eengineering

CODIFICATION PROBLEMS OF NECESSARY DEFENSE AFFECTING ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Objectives. The goal of scholarly research is to develop proposals for amendments in criminal law General and Special part of Criminal code of the Russian Federation governing self-defense. The scientific article identifies legislative gaps and contradictions that hinder the effective implementation of the necessary defense and require prompt solutions. Methods. The article analyzes such concepts as “self-defense”, “public assault”, “excess of limits of necessary defense”, “violation of the conditions of lawfulness of necessary defense”, “surprise assault”, “rights defending or other persons, interests of the state”. The use of logical and comparative legal methods allowed us to develop proposals for making changes to the criminal law norms that establish the necessary defense. Conclusions. The article shows the conflicts and gaps legislative recognition of self-defense and, in this regard, the complexity of its implementation in the articles of the Special part of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation and practical application. Changes are proposed to the criminal law norms regulating the necessary defense, both in the General and in the Special part of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Sense. The content of the scientific article can be used by the teaching staff of higher educational institutions when teaching the course “Criminal law”. The results of the work can be useful to persons who carry out legislative activities in the field of criminal law. The leitmotif of the article can be used in the preparation of dissertation research.

Constitutional Amendment and Public Will Formation: Deliberative Mini-Publics as a Tool for Consensus Democracy

Constitutionalism is in the midst of both a participatory and a deliberative turn. In this paper, we explore one aspect of this turn – the use of deliberative innovations to enhance constitutional amendment processes. Ireland has been cited as almost a paradigm case for such experimentation. We assess deliberative mini-publics’ potential as a tool for consensus democracy based on the experience and impact of the Irish Citizens’ Assembly that made recommendations for wholesale reform of Ireland’s abortion laws in 2018. We identify a ‘legislative-majority-plus’ model for constitutional amendment deployed in most jurisdictions with master-text constitutions and on that basis, characterise constitutional amendment as an aspect of consensual, rather than competitive, democracy. Based on this understanding of the function of constitutional amendment processes, we argue that the Citizens’ Assembly played a significant role in the process of public will formation. In particular, it (a) helped to generate political and public support for a particular form of liberalization—abortion on request within the first 12 weeks, and (b) made it easier for legislators to avoid the incentives of electoral politics and formulate an amendment proposal that attracted wide support despite intense opposition. However, we raise concerns about the normative legitimacy of that impact, based on deficiencies in the representativeness of the Assembly, arguing that in order to be a tool for will formation, rather than manipulation, in respect of constitutional amendment, deliberative mini-publics should be designed so as to enhance their representativeness.

Udział obywateli w procedurze ustawodawczej w Republice Federalnej Niemiec

Według art. 20 Ustawy Zasadniczej Republika Federalna Niemiec jest państwem demo-kratycznym, socjalnym i federalnym, w którym cała władza pochodzi od narodu i jest przez niego sprawowana poprzez wybory i głosowania. W praktyce głosowania, rozumiane jako instrument de-mokracji bezpośredniej, znajdują zastosowanie tylko w wypadku nowego podziału terytorialnego landów. Szersze zastosowanie instrumenty demokracji bezpośredniej mają przy stanowieniu pra-wa w poszczególnych landach. Prawo przewiduje w nich między innymi obywatelską inicjatywę ustawodawczą. Dla uchwalenia prawa federalnego zastosowanie takiego rozwiązania wymagałoby zmiany Ustawy Zasadniczej. Wnoszone do tej pory projekty takich zmian zostały jednak odrzucone przez Bundestag.

IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE SOCIAL POLICY IN THE SPHERE OF STATE FINANCIAL GUARANTEES OF PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES

The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the implementation of the state social policy in the sphere of state financial guarantees of public medical services and the activity of the National Health Service of Ukraine, its main purposes and functions. Amendment proposals to improve national legislation in the sphere of healthcare are being formulated. Problems of standards and warranties in the sphere of healthcare are also investigated in the article, because health is a top priority for both the citizen and the nation as a whole. The problems of financial guarantees of public health services have been analyzed, eventually the healthcare sector remained unattended for a quite a long time, despite the constant integration processes, implementation of international legal acts into national legislation. The results that are currently being achieved thanks to the ongoing medical reform show a number of unresolved issues and inconsistencies in the area of financial guarantees for public health services, but for example, the system "money follow a client" is gradually becoming a generally accepted fact that has only a positive effect not only for economy, but also in medicine sphere.

Problems of the Employer’s Investment Protection in the Employees and Job Seekers Education by means of Labor Law

In ILO Recommendation No. 195 "On human resource development: education, training and continuing education" (adopted in Geneva on 17.06.2004 at the 92nd session of the ILO General conference) it is stated that member States should ensure the development and strengthening of vocational education and training systems that provide adequate opportunities for the development and certification of skills that meet the requirements of the labour market. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains a set of legal norms that regulate the relationship between training and additional professional education of employees and job seekers. The analysis of these norms allows us to conclude that employers can either conduct training on their own training and production base, or send employees to study in educational organizations with guarantees for maintaining their jobs, average wages, and travel expenses coverage. In both cases, the training and additional professional education of employees are carried out at the expense of the employer. The corresponding expenses of the employer can be called investments, because as a result of training employees and job seekers, there should be a useful effect in the future in the form of work of a certain quality. The paper analyzes the current problems of economic interests protection of the employers who provide training for employees and job seekers at their own expense. The author reveals contradictions in the rules of the labour code and in judicial practice regarding the determination of the composition of the expenses of the employer related to the learning conditions of the student agreement and learning agreement on the work repayment period with the employer, on reimbursement of training costs in case of dismissal without valid reasons. The author proves the need to strengthen the legal mechanism for employers’ investments protection for employee training, but at the same time draws attention to the protection of employee rights as the economically weaker side of the employment contract. In particular, it is proposed to exclude paid wages and scholarships from the employer’s reimbursable expenses for training an employee or student, since they are necessary for the existence of the employee or student. The study of doctrinal, regulatory and judicial sources on employee training at the expense of the employer resulted in proposals for amendments to articles 4, 207, 249 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

PEC nº 88/2019

A pesquisa busca analisar possíveis impactos jurídicos sobre o modelo de controle de constitucionalidade que a proposta de emenda à Constituição (PEC) nº 88/2019, elaborada pela Câmara dos Deputados, pode suscitar. Conforme justificativa constante na referida PEC, a proposta se deu devido ao protagonismo do Poder Judiciário na interpretação da Constituição - o que, supostamente, vem deslocando debates relevantes que deveriam ser realizados na arena legislativa – para o Judiciário. Assim, a proposta seria uma tentativa de recuperar o papel do Legislativo no exercício de seu poder típico de legislar, limitando o papel do órgão judicante. Com isso, a presente pesquisa analisa as alterações almejadas a partir da noção de constitucionalismo popular ou dialógico, estruturada por Mark Tushnet e desenvolvida por Roberto Gargarella, verificando-se como essas mudanças podem aproximar (ou não) o povo da Constituição. Para dialogar com tal teoria, também apresenta-se a percepção dos defensores da ideia de democracia reflexiva – cite-se, por exemplo, Pierre Rosanvallon e Thomas Passos Martins – e como eles concebem o papel da corte e do controle de constitucionalidade. Tem-se, em conclusão, que a proposta de emenda acima elencada possui uma fundamentação genérica e carrega uma noção tradicional de democracia e de povo, devendo-se tomar certas precauções em relação a algumas teorias que pregam uma maior participação do Congresso, sob pena de se promover uma desestruturação da separação de poderes. 

CREATION OF THE STATE AID MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM IN UKRAINE AS A RESULT OF THE SIGNING OF THE ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE EU

The purpose of the article is to research the process of reforming the legislation of Ukraine in the fi eld of monitoring and control of state aid to business entities in connection with the signing of the Association Agreement and to develop proposals for necessary amendments to the Ukrainian legislation in order to align it with the EU acquis.The statistical analysis shows the ineffi ciency of functioning of the state aid system to business entities in Ukraine. According to Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, Ukraine has undertaken the obligation to establish a system of state aid monitoring and control. Thus, Ukrainian legislation in this fi eld has developed signifi cantly.The adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On State Aid to Business Entities» has become a signifi cant event. Due to the rapid process of reforming the legislative framework, there is a need for a more detailed research and legal analysis of the State Aid Institute, which proves the relevance of the topic.However, some legislative changes need to be made in the fi eld of monitoring and control of state aid to business entities in order to eliminate signifi cant inconsistencies with EU acquis.The comparative-legal, formal-legal method, the method of generalization and interpretation are used.The practical value of the article is to develop proposals for legislative changes due to the inconsistency of the legal provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On State Aid to Business Entities» and the provisions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU. In order to avoid contradictions, there is a need to supplement the concept of state aid. The current defi nition of state aid creates grounds for expanding the application of the rules on state aid monitoring and control. It is proposed to supplement the concept with the characteristic «impact on trade between Ukraine and EU Member States».Suggestions to change the approach to identifying services of general economic interest have also been made. In particular, we propose to implement the universal Altmark criteria and to establish them at the level of the Law.

Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (oriental spider mite). Phytosanitary risk analysis for Ukraine

Goal. To carry out the analysis of phytosanitary risk for Ukraine of a dangerous quarantine pest Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (oriental spider mite).
 Research Methods. The main method is information-analytical. We conducted analytical research and analysis of reports from the Mediterranean, World Plant Protection Organizations, literary sources of scientific publications and online resources. Phytosanitary risk analysis (PRA) was performed according to the EPPO standards PM 5/3 (5), PM 5/1, PM 5/4 [3, 4, 5]. The possibility of acclimatization of the pest was determined using modern computer programs IDRISI SELVA, MapInfo Pro 15.0 and AgroAtlas.
 Results. Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (oriental spider mite) absent in Ukraine is a polyphage, it can damage 217 species of plants, preferring citrus, and is widespread in the world. Many species of plants that are host plants of the eastern spider mite grow in Ukraine and are important in the production of fruits, vegetables, and oils. The primary pest habitat was the Middle East, but currently E. orientalis is found in many countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania and is in a wide climatic range. Thus, in European countries which lie in the pest habitat, the climate is subtropical, Mediterranean and temperate, transitional to continental (Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Turkey). In Asia (China, India, Israel, Iraq, Saudi Arabia), the area of the pest occupies territories dominated by tropical, subtropical and temperate climates. In recent years, several species of tetrachnid mites, including E. orientalis, have expanded their geographical range, mainly due to increased trade and travel around the world, posing a threat to agriculture in many countries. Under optimal conditions, 25 generations per year can occur. The spread of E. orientalis is by air masses or anthropic. Distribution of E. orientalis is carried out by air masses or anthropically. The most likely pathway for spreading the pest is through infected planting material. Given the high reproductive potential of E. Orientalis, the rate of expansion of the habitat, the diversity of the plant’s food supply, its adaptability to a wide range of climatic conditions, there is a need to analyze the phytosanitary risk (AFR) of the eastern spider mite for Ukraine. The end result of the research is the determination of the quarantine status of the pest and the proposal for amendments to the «List of regulated pests» that are quarantined in Ukraine.
 Conclusions. There is a high likelihood of acclimatization of Eutetranychus orientalis in Ukraine, which is due to the large number of host plants and compliance with the species requirements to the climatic conditions. Potential habitat area in Ukraine may be the southern coast of Crimea. Phytosanitary risk analysis of Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (Eastern spider mite) for Ukraine identified the need for the pest to be granted the status of a quarantine organism absent in Ukraine (list A1) and to amend the «List of regulated pests of Ukraine».

The study of thermophysical properties of rubber and plastic household waste to determine the temperature conditions of cryoprocessing

The effect of cryogenic treatment on the thermal characteristics emerged from the operation of automobile tires and plastic bottles of commercial beverages. Automobile tires manufactured according to the state standard “GOST 4754-97” (ISO 1043-1:2001 “Plastics – Symbols and abbreviated terms – Part 1: Basic polymers and their special characteristics”; ISO 11469:2000 “Plastics – Generic identification and marking of plastics products”; ISO 472:1999 “Plastics – Vocabulary”) and bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate for food liquids according to the state standard “GOST R 52789-2007” (ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRB/2019/5 “Proposal for amendments to UN Regulation No. 30”) were used as the test samples. Temperature range of investigation was 95–300 K. The thermal conductivity measurements were carried out by a relative stationary heat flow method and the temperature change inside the samples with different forms on heating after cooling to nitrogen temperature. The results obtained are in good agreement with the literature data.

Специальные воинские уголовные наказания: состояние и перспективы

Presents an analysis of the problems of legislative regulation and practice of applying special military types of criminal punishment under the current military criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. Close attention is paid to such types of military criminal penalties as deprivation of military ranks, restriction on military service, detention in a disciplinary military unit and arrest with detention in the guardhouse. The definition of “special military criminal penalties”is formulated. The classification of these punishments into types on various grounds is given. The author analyzes the shortcomings of the provisions of the criminal law regarding military criminal penalties, as well as the judicial practice of assigning these types of criminal punishment to convicted military personnel. In addition, proposals for amendments and additions to the existing military criminal legislation and in court practice to preserve data types of criminal punishment, an increase in the practice of their application and increasing their effectiveness. It is pointed out that it is necessary to identify the reasons for the non-use of certain types of military criminal penalties and eliminate them. Proposals aimed at excluding special military types of criminal punishment from the Criminal code of the Russian Federation have been criticized, since this trend excludes the declared variety of types of criminal punishment, does not allow taking into account the special status of subjects of criminal responsibility, which excludes the individualization and differentiation of criminal responsibility and criminal punishment of military personnel. The author’s position is supported by an analysis of the opinions of scientists, practical material, and legislative activities.

Dowody elektroniczne a sprawiedliwość procesu karnego

This paper deals with the application of modern technologies for practical use in the form of electronic evidence in criminal trials, in order to realize the autotelic value of justice. First of all, as part of the introductory remarks, an outline of civilizational, technical and technological progress is provided. Secondly, the author indicates the types of values that appear in criminal procedural law. Thirdly, the concept of electronic evidence is analysed, along with the proposals of desirable amendments in the Polish law. Fourthly, the correlation between electronic evidence and the value of fairness is examined, including the question of legal admissibility of such evidence. The article ends with a concise summary containing original observations about the issues covered by the analysis.

The Draft for the 10th Amendment of German Competition Law: Towards a new Concept of 'Outstanding Relevance across Markets'?

The ministerial proposal for a 10th amendment of the German competition law particularly addresses abuse control and seeks to tighten this pillar of competition policy against the background of the challenges from the digital economy. Next to extending the classic policy instruments of abuse control, the reform proposal suggests to introduce an additional and novel type of market power: the outstanding relevance across markets (ORAM). From an economic perspective, such an institution is interesting as it emphasizes non-horizontal and less direct anticompetitive abuses of market power. We review what type of cases could be subject to such a concept of systemic market power. Furthermore, we address the question whether merger control could also benefit from an ORAM-style conception.

Working Mothers and the Postponement of Women's Rights from the Nineteenth Amendment to the Equal Rights Amendment

The Nineteenth Amendment’s ratification in 1920 spawned new initiatives to advance the status of women, including the proposal of another constitutional amendment that would guarantee women equality in all legal rights, beyond the right to vote. Both the Nineteenth Amendment and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) grew out of the long quest to enshrine women’s equal status under the law as citizens, which began in the nineteenth century. Nearly a century later, the ERA remains unfinished business with an uncertain future. Suffragists advanced different visions and strategies for women’s empowerment after they got the constitutional right to vote. They divided over the ERA. Their disagreements, this Essay argues, productively postponed the ERA, and reshaped its meaning over time to be more responsive to the challenges women faced in exercising economic and political power because they were mothers. An understanding of how and why the amendment stalled speaks directly to the current controversy in Congress and the courts about whether a congressional time limit should stop the ERA from achieving full constitutional status. Such an understanding recognizes that suffragists disagreed in the immediate aftermath of the Nineteenth Amendment’s ratification over the ERA, and that these divisions undermined the ERA’s prospects for at least a few decades. Ultimately, however, the ERA that earned congressional adoption and 38 ratifications over almost a century was stronger because of this postponement.

Proposals for Possible Amendments to the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand

An analysis of the achievements of Ukraine as a result of the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, as well as the limitations that indicate the need to update it in accordance with new challenges and challenges. The article contains proposals of experts of the Institute of Industrial Economics on appropriate amendments to the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, concerning Chapter V “Economic and sectoral cooperation”, namely Ukraine’s integration into the European Research Area (Chapter 9 “Cooperation in Science and Technology”) and integration of Ukraine’s environmental policy in the field of industrial and regional policy of the state (Chapter 6 “Environment”). In particular, proposals were made to include in Chapter 9 the following provisions: approval of research institutions of Ukraine as important subjects of the European Research Area; coordination of Ukraine’s scientific policy with EU scientific policy; active participation of universities, National and branch academies of sciences of Ukraine in European scientific and technical cooperation; joint use and development of the European research infrastructure, integration into the European cloud of open science. The expediency of supplementing Chapter 6 with provisions on the development and deepening of cooperation in the field of revitalization of abandoned and abandoned industrial facilities has been substantiated in the framework of the improvement of the Association Agreement signed with the EU. Recommendations are also provided for Section III “Justice, Freedom and Security” to increase the level of social protection of workers in the context of Ukraine’s integration into the EU digital market (Article 17 “Treatment of employees”).