Proportional Sampling Research Articles

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of secondary school students towards COVID-19 in Sana'a City, Yemen: A cross-sectional study.

Understanding of public awareness on public health issues is very crucial, including the current health crisis of COVID-19. This research aimed to examine the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Students towards COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among secondary school students in grades 10-12. Proportional sample allocation was used in 16 randomly selected schools. Moreover, the schools were recruited by using a systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic data and questions of the knowledge, attitude and practice were collected by interview. Logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the associated factors and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the 357 participants the level of good knowledge, positive attitude, and optimal practice were 65.2%, 66.7% and 89.4% respectively. Regression analyses showed that being in the adolescent age group (15-16 years old), living with >5 family size, and family with a good income effectively predicted knowledge level. Attitudes towards COVID-19, male students were pessimistic about COVID-19 prevention and control measures as opposed to their female counterparts [aOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21-0.71). Students with awareness of the virus demonstrated greater (two-fold) odds of a positive attitude as opposed to their less-conscious counterparts. The urban-area male students were demonstrated a higher (three-fold) odds of good practice level towards COVID-19 prevention and control measures as opposed to their rural-area female counterparts. A good knowledge level denoted a positive attitude despite the lack of information. Meanwhile, good preventive measure practices and behaviours reflected high levels.

Role of Administrators in Blended learning in Higher Education Institution

As higher education institutions adopt blended learning, administrators play a crucial role in implementing and supporting blended learning, ensuring its success (Lomonosova &amp; Valentinovna, 2018). The study investigates administrators' perceptions of blended learning as a teaching strategy, using a proportionate sampling sample and a content validity instrument modified by an expert. The study involved 27 administrators respondents who were selected from the universities in Islamabad. The interview guide was created to assess administrators' readiness for blended learning, focusing on their awareness of facilities, finances, capacity-building initiatives, challenges, and technology capabilities. The reliability of the results was ensured by consistent patterns and plausible reasons for differences. Data analysis involved analyzing administrative attitudes through interviews, coding the data, and identifying recurring themes. The study concluded that despite the availability of resources and support, the studyemphasises the difficulties administrators encounter when implementing blended learning in higher education institutions. For blended learning to be successfully implemented, infrastructure facilities including well-equipped classrooms and high-speed internet connection are crucial.

History of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) of Pregnant Women and Stunting in Toddlers

Children who experience stunting in the early stages of life up to five years of age will not reach their maximum physical and mental/intelligence potential in adulthood. The problem of stunting is in the world's attention, and it is evident that one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to reduce cases of stunting worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the history of CED in pregnant women and the incidence of stunting. This research method is analytic with a case-control retrospective approach. The sampling technique used was proportional sampling, which in this study was divided into two groups, namely 24 groups of toddlers with stunting and a control group of 24 toddlers who were not stunted in Kacangan Village, Andong District, Boyolali Regency, Indonesia. The results show a significant relationship between the history of CED during pregnancy and the incidence of stunting. It is hoped that midwives can provide counseling and monitor the nutritional status of pregnant women, bearing in mind that if the nutritional status of pregnant women is good, it can reduce the incidence of stunting in toddlers. The contribution of this research is to provide information regarding the importance of the nutritional status of pregnant women.

The Effect of Number of Customers, Working Hours, Business Location. E- Commerce Applications on Income of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMES) in the City of Denpasar

Denpasar City is the capital of Bali province, which has 11,126 MSME units in the trade sector. This number is recorded from the data of the Bali provincial office of cooperatives and small and medium enterprises in 2022. MSMEs in the trade sector MSMEs in the trade sector are businesses that have many types and varieties of businesses. One type of business is in the field of clothing, which is included in the fashion category. This study aims to analyze the effect of the number of customers, working hours, business location, and e-commerce applications on business income. and e-commerce applications on the income of micro businesses in the clothing sector in Denpasar City, both simultaneously and partially. The data in this study This study uses entirely primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who were used as research samples. The determination of the sample is determined by the proportionate accidental sampling technique. Technique The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. Research results The results showed that the variable number of customers, working hours, business location, and e-commerce applications simultaneously have a significant effect on revenue. E-commerce applications simultaneously have a significant effect on income-generating microbusinesses in the clothing sector in Denpasar City. Partially, the variable number of customers, working hours, business location, and e-commerce applications have a positive and significant effect on the income of micro businesses in the clothing sector in Denpasar City. Based on the research results, to increase business income, it is recommended to increase the number of customers and working hours, as well as choose a business location in the clothing sales centers and use e-commerce applications in marketing their products. marketing their products.

LEVERAGING COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES ON BUSINESS OUTCOMES POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION FROM AFRICA

Background: The novel coronavirus has damaged the global economy, and business outcomes such as low profitability, poor sales, and weak market share, including intense competition, are widespread within the business ecosystem; however, competitive strategies have been some of the business decisions in recent times. Aim: The study, therefore, examined the effects of competitive strategies on business outcomes of selected consumer goods companies listed in Nigeria, the most populous and largest economy in Africa. Methods and Sample: The study adopted a survey research design, with a population of 22,466 staff members, comprising regular employees and top- and middle-level managers of twenty consumer goods companies listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group (NGX). The study used a proportionate stratified sampling technique to draw a convenient sample for the analysis. 491 copies of the questionnaire were administered to the respondents, with a response rate of 97.76%. Results: Findings showed that competitive strategies significantly and positively affected business outcomes (Adj. R2 = 0.563; F5/1306 = 337.061, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The study recommended that the consumer goods companies often refer to Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) listed in Nigeria must have a market-development mindset, invest in consumer education, and integrate an efficient supply chain management model.

Walkability assessment: a comparative study between two neighborhoods in João Pessoa - PB

The urban design can influence human behavior. This influence can be manifested through walkability, an attribute of the urban environment capable of encouraging active transport and physical activity, and which has been presented as an intelligent alternative to make cities more sustainable and healthier. In view of this, this study has the general objective of evaluating the walkability of João Pessoa - PB from a sample formed by two neighborhoods of the city, Miramar and São José, which have different morphological characteristics. Urban sections in the neighborhoods were selected using the Proportional Stratified Sampling (PSS) method. The evaluation was then carried out in the study areas, using the walkability index iCam 2.0, a tool developed by the Institute for Transport and Development Policies (ITDP Brazil). The results reveal that walkability is insufficient in several sections of both neighborhoods, but the results of the São José neighborhood show worse conditions of mobility, pedestrian infrastructure, safety, and attractiveness, suggesting a socioeconomic segregation in relation to urban planning. The results of this research can contribute to the construction of the literature concerning on the subject and to the understanding of aspects of urban design that favor walkability in Brazilian cities.

INDENTIFIKASI KARATERISTIK KIMIA TANAH DAN EVALUASI STATUS KESUBURAN TANAH PADA LAHAN TANAMAN NANAS DI KELURAHAN WALAMBENO WITE KECAMATAN PARIGI KABUPATEN MUNA

Soil fertility provides an overview of the condition of the soil to provide nutrients. As land management is carried out intensively and over a long period of time, a decrease in soil fertility occurs. The research objectives to identify the chemical characteristics of the soil and evaluate the level of fertility of the soil planted with pineapple plants. This research was carried out in Walambeno Wite Village, Parigi District, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Walambeno Wite Village is one of the central pineapple areas in Muna Regency. Soil samples were taken using the proportional sampling method on land planted with pineapple plants, at a processing layer depth of 0-30 cm. The soil chemical property parameters analyzed in the laboratory are KTK, pH H2O, C organic, N total, P available, K2O and wet saturation. Determination of soil fertility status is guided by the Soil Research Center. The research results show that the chemical characteristics of the soil in pineapple plantations are soil pH values with slightly acidic to neutral state, low to high C-organic, medium total nitrogen, very high P2O5, low to medium K2O, K2O medium to high KTK and high KB. The soil fertility status is low at location 2, medium at location 2, and high at location 3. The factors inhibiting soil fertility at the research site are low levels of C-organic and K2O.

Stress Coping Strategies Among Undergraduate Nursing Students in The University of Nigeria Enugu Campus

Background: Undergraduate student nurses experience stress due to the demanding nature of their training. Therefore, assessing stress and coping strategies in this vulnerable group is essential. Moreover, a paucity of data exists on this subject among the study population. Aim: This study assessed the stress level, common stressors, and coping strategies adopted by undergraduate student nurses at the Department of Nursing, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. Methods and Materials: This study used the cross-sectional descriptive survey design. A proportionate sample method was utilized to select 196 undergraduate nursing students. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Coping Behaviour Inventory (CBI) were used for data collection. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze the data using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents (71.8%) reported feeling moderately stressed. Assignment/workload stress (2.46±0.90), stress from teachers and nursing staff (1.92±0.79), and stress from peers and daily life (1.96±0.92) were the three main stressors. Problem-solving (2.84±0.95), transference (2.54±0.95), and positive coping behavior (2.52±0.88) were the most frequently employed coping mechanisms. There was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) between the students' demographic characteristics and their stress levels. Conclusion: The respondents reported moderate stress levels that were comparable between the different groups. Therefore, administrators of the nursing department should incorporate stress management and reduction techniques into the orientation program and motivate students to use healthy coping mechanisms that emphasize problem-solving to promote health. Keywords: stress, coping strategies, undergraduate nursing students, stressor, level of stress

Level of utilization of eLearning among students at selected KMTC campuses

Background: Technology continues to impact various spheres of life, including learning. Over the years, eLearning has experienced a steady rise in popularity. At Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC), the influence of technology on education became more noticeable due in part to a policy directive. This directive, prompted partly by the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasized adopting online teaching to address the loss of instructional hours. This study addressed a specific gap in KMTC's internal quality assurance efforts by accumulating evidence related to the extent of E-learning and user satisfaction. Methods: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design, utilizing qualitative and quantitative techniques. It involved KMTC campuses conveniently selected from the Coast and Nairobi regions, with 1139 students selected through simple random, stratified, and proportionate sampling methods. A mixed questionnaire (both open and closed-ended questions) was used to collect data. Specifically, the study aimed to assess the level of eLearning utilization among students in selected KMTC campuses and identify the determinants of this utilization. Results: Most of the respondents (89.2%) participated in online classes; 11.8% of those who did not participate cited reasons such as lack of gadgets, bundles, and poor internet connectivity, among others. Despite widespread e-learning utilization, 76.8% of learners strongly preferred face-to-face classes. Conclusions: Key factors linked to e-learning utilization included effective instructional strategies, quality technical support, and well-conducted online classes. The choice of communication channels, particularly platforms like WhatsApp, was strongly linked to e-learning utilization. Therefore, this study recommends that KMTC should acknowledge the strong preference for face-to-face classes and offer hybrid learning options. Further, the KMTC should address accessibility challenges and competing responsibilities at home by supporting data connectivity, ensuring user-friendly online platforms, and providing flexible scheduling options for diverse learner needs.

Identifikasi Pencemaran Merkuri di Tanah Lokasi Aktivitas dan Pasca Aktivitas Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin di Desa Roko Kabupaten Halmahera Utara

Research has been carried out with the title identification of mercury pollution in soil at activity locations and post-unlicensed gold mining (PETI) activities in Roko Village, North Halmahera Regency, with the aim of determining the level of pollution and distribution of mercury at PETI and post-PETI activity locations. Sampling used the proportional sampling method in which 5 soil samples were taken at each location. Soil pH measurements were carried out in situ using a Soil Survey Instrument. To analyze mercury concentration in soil, soil samples were taken, preserved, prepared and tested for mercury concentration using a mercury analyzer. The analysis results show that the pH category at the PETI activity location is in the acid category with a pH range of 4.5-5. Meanwhile, the soil pH at the post-PETI location is in the acid to slightly acid category, namely pH 5-6. The results of the analysis of mercury concentrations in the soil at the PETI location ranged from 3.21 mg/kg - 74.99 mg/kg and post-PETI activity locations ranged from 1.76 mg/kg - 167.1 mg/kg at a radius of 0-50 m and has exceeded the normal criteria for mercury in soil and reached the very critical criteria category.

Nutritional Knowledge and Cultural Food Beliefs on Dietary Practices of Pregnant Women

The paper assessed the nutritional knowledge and cultural food beliefs on dietary practices of pregnant women in Epe Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The population of the study consisted of all registered pregnant women in seven (7) antenatal clinics in Epe Local Government Area of Lagos State. A sample size of 270 was drawn using proportionate sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and the Chi-square test of association. The significance level was set at p &lt; 0.05. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between knowledge of nutrition and dietary practices, χ2 (2) = 78.201, p&lt;0.05. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between cultural food beliefs and dietary practices, χ2 (1) = 1.151, p&gt;0.05. The finding also showed that cultural food beliefs do not influence the dietary practices of pregnant women. The study recommends that the government and health agencies should continuously train health workers on nutritional issues, particularly on how to enhance the nutritional knowledge of expectant pregnant women prior to conception. This will help potential mothers improve their dietary practices.

The Relationship of Knowledge and the Use Of Personal Protective Equipment Among Farmer Users of Pesticides in Waru Village, Slogohimo District

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Agriculture is one sector that has a big role in meeting people's food needs. One strategy used by farmers to increase food yields is to use pesticides to prevent pest attacks. However, in their use, farmers tend to pay less attention to the use of personal protective equipment to prevent the dangers of using pesticides. This research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and the use of personal protective equipment among pesticide-using farmers in Waru Village, Slogohimo District. This research is quantitative with an observational descriptive design with a cross sectional approach. This research was conducted from September to November 2023.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The research was carried out in Waru Village, Slogohimo District. The population in this study was 390. The research sample was 80 respondents. The sampling technique was carried out using a proportional sampling technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria determined by the researcher. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and observation sheets. Data analysis uses descriptive univariate analysis, and bivariate analysis uses the chi-square test. The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and the use of personal protective equipment among pesticide-using farmers in Waru Village, Slogohimo District (p-value=0.045 &amp;lt;0.05)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(OR=2,856; 95% CI = 1,126-7,240). Farmers with good knowledge about personal protective equipment have a 2.856 times chance of using complete personal protective equipment compared to respondents with low knowledge. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;It is hoped that community health centres and community health centres can educate farmers to increase their knowledge regarding using personal protective equipment to improve farmers' behaviour in using personal protective equipment when working.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords: Farmers, Knowledge, Occupational health safety, Pesticides, Personal protective equipment&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Social-Cultural Factors and Performance of Roads Construction Projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya

The Kenyan Government is on the spot over stalled and poorly done roads construction projects especially in the Nairobi City County. Successful road construction is an impetus to economic development for Kenya as enumerated in the Kenya Vision 2030. However, there has been need for these road construction projects to update their systems due to the ever changing environment factors. Thisstudy therefore sought to determine the relationship between social-cultural factors and the performance of roads construction projectsin Nairobi City County, Kenya. The underpinning theory was the open system theory. Thisstudy used a positivist research philosophy. This study used the descriptive and explanatory research design. In this study, Nairobi City County refers to the five counties in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area namely, Nairobi County, Kiambu County, Kajiado County, Machakos County and Murang'a County. The target population of this research was the 176 completed roads construction projects in Nairobi City County by Kenya Rural Roads Authority (KERRA). The unit of observation was the road engineers, project planners and directors (KERRA), road supervisors, road inspectors, road surveyors, contractors, and project implementation teams’ members (KERRA). The unit of analysis wasthe completed roads construction projectsinNairobi City County. Proportional stratified sampling was used to derive a sample size of 253 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Data that was collected from the field was filtered, sorted and cleaned in line with research objectives. This study adopted both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statisticsincluding frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and standard deviation was produced for all the quantitative data. The results were presented using tables. Inferential statistics were done using the multiple linear regression. The study established a positive significant relationship between socio-cultural factors (t=2.417, p &lt; 0.05) and project performance. The study concludes that human relationship influences project performance since projects operate within the society. Project culture is developed by communicating priority, status, and the alignment of official and operational rules. The study recommends that project leaders should be sensitive and aware of multicultural preferences guided by individual identity and role within the project versus family of origin and community, verbal and emotional expressiveness, relationship expectations, style of communication, language, personal priorities, values, and beliefs and time orientation.

APPRASAL OF THE FACTORS THAT HINDERS EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATIOM POLICY IN PUBLIC JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ADAMAWA STATE

The aim of the research is to identify the factors that hindered the effective implementation of policies in the in junior schools. Therefore, to identify these factors, the paper comes up with four research questions and four research objectives as a guided to the study. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. Population of the study consisted of 254 junior secondary schools, 4500 teachers and 254 principals in Adamawa state. Sample of the study was drawn using deliberate and stratified random sampling techniques, while proportionate sampling technique was used to determine the sample size required from each school. Data for the study was obtained using questionnaire. Pilot test was conducted using Cronbach Alpha and a reliability index of 0.79 was realized. Data collected was analyzed using frequency counts, percentage, mean and standard deviation while independent T-test was used to test the hypothesis generated. Findings from the study indicated that: insufficient funding, poor planning and inadequate professionally qualified teachers are some of the challenges that mars successful implementation of UBE programme in Adamawa state. It was discovered that the allocation to education in the state is below the 26% recommended by UNESCO and as a result of Poor welfare package (Mean=3.96, SD=0.96), Lack of training &amp; retraining opportunities (Mean=2.98, SD=0.96). The study recommended among others that efforts should be made by the government to counter the factors which has become impediments to successful implementation of UBE programme such as provision of adequate funding, qualified professional teachers and instructional materials.

Employee Coordination Practices and The Job Performance of Secretaries in Federal Universities in South-West, Nigeria

The study investigated employee coordination practices and the job performance of secretaries in federal universities in South-West, Nigeria. the. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Population of the study comprise 500 secretaries in the six federal universities in South-west, Nigeria. These universities are: University of Ibadan, Ibadn, Oyo State, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State and Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State. The stratified proportionate sampling technique was used to select 217 using Krejcie and Morgan sample size table. The instrument that was used for data collection in this study was questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0.93 for Job Performance; 0.93 for Employee Coordination Practices. A total of 217 copies of the questionnaires were administered to the respondents while a total of 215 were retrieved from the field and this represents 99.0% of response rate. Descriptive statistics of frequency counts, simple percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse Research Questions 1, 2, inferential statistics (regression analysis) was used to test the hypotheses formulated at 0.05 level of significance. The level of job performance of secretaries in federal universities in South-west, Nigeria is moderate (Mean = 2.14), roles and responsibilities, participation in decision making and transparency are the employee coordination practices that exist among secretaries in federal universities in South-west, Nigeria, there was a significant influence of the independent variable (employee’s coordination practices) on job performance, F (3, 211) = 67.476, P&lt;0.05, employee coordination practice combined accounted for 48.2% (Adj.R2= .482) variance in the prediction of job performance. it was concluded that employee coordination practices contribute significantly to job performance of secretaries in federal universities in South-west based on the findings it was recommended employee coordination practices should be properly implemented among universities for the secretaries to be effective in their job performance.

PENGARUH PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI, FASILITAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KOMPETENSI DOSEN TERHADAP KEPUASAN TARUNA POLITEKNIK TRANSPORTASI DARAT BALI (POLTRADA BALI)

Changes in people's mindsets about the importance of education have an impact on the increasing public interest in higher education. Higher education is considered to be a place that produces quality human resources. Increasingly fierce competition and the demands of society's needs for quality oriented toward the value of service users ultimately pressure organizations to be able to respond quickly. Facing this condition, the main thing that must be prioritized by universities is student satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the effect of administrative services, educational facilities, and lecturer competence on the satisfaction of Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic cadets. The number of samples used was 69 with the proportional sampling method. Data collection using a questionnaire The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis with the SmartPLS application. The results showed that administrative services, educational facilities, and lecturer competence had a positive and significant effect on the satisfaction of Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic cadets. Among the three influential independent variables, lecturer competence is the one that has the most influence on cadet satisfaction. The magnitude of the influence of independent variables on cadet satisfaction is 92.9%.

THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNET ADDICTION AND SALES PROMOTION ON IMPULSE BUYING IN TIKTOK SHOP E-COMMERCE WITH RELIGIOSITY AS A MODERATION VARIABLE

The purpose of this research is to examine the role of Internet Addiction and Sales Promotion on Impulse Buying with Religiosity as a moderating variable. Using a sample of 100 respondents using the proportional quota sampling technique. The data analysis tool uses SPSS 25. The research results show that Internet Addiction has a negative and significant effect on Impulse Buying at the Tiktok Shop. Sales Promotion has a positive and significant influence on Impulse Buying at the Tiktok Shop. Religiosity weakens the influence of Internet Addiction and Sales Promotion on Impulse Buying. This research is useful for UIN Salatiga students to adopt wise behavior to avoid impulse buying.

Pengaruh Pelatihan Terhadap Kinerja Melalui Motivasi Pada Karyawan PT PLN Unit Pelaksana Pengendalian Pembangkitan Tello

This research aimed to determine the effect of training on performance through motivation among employees of PT PLN Unit Pelaksana Pengendalian Pembangkitan Tello. The research used an associative research design. The sampling technique used was proportionate sampling with a total of 70 employees. Data analysis included tests for instrument validity and reliability, classica assumption tests, descriptive data analysis, inferential data analysis using T-test and F-testco efficient of determination analysis, path analysis, and Sobel test. The data was processed using SPSS for Windows version 25.0.Based on the research conducted by the researcher at PT PLN Unit Pelaksana Pengendalian Pembangkitan Tello, it was found that the training, performance, and employee motivation were excellent. The training significantly influenced performance, and it also had a significant effect on employee work motivation. Employee motivation had a significant effect on performance. The indirect effect of training on performance through motivation was smaller than the direct effect of training on employee performance, indicating that motivation mediated the relationship between training and performance improvement.

Analysis of Food Security of Farm Households in the Dodokan River Watershed Area, Lombok Island

The research aims to determine the level of food security and the factors that influence the level of food security of farming households in the Dodokan watershed. The topography of the watershed from upstream to downstream certainly influences the water supply in each part of the watershed, namely in the upstream, middle and downstream parts, which has implications for the way farmers carry out business on the land they work on, both cropping and cropping patterns. This of course raises the assumption that farmers in upstream and middle areas will be more prosperous because of a better supply of natural resources and whether this will have an impact on production levels and income of farmer households. This research used a household survey of 68 farmers selected using proportional sampling. Cross-classification between expenditure and portion of household energy adequacy levels is used to answer the first objective. The ordinal logistic model is used to answer the second objective. The results of the research show that 27.94% of farmer households have achieved food security levels, 30.88% have less, 38.24% are vulnerable, and 2.94% have food insecurity. Based on the results of ordinal logistics testing, household food security is positively influenced by household income, number of household members, household expenditure and negatively by the housewife's education.

Application of Demonstrated Learning Methods to Increase Primary School Students' Science Learning Results

The paper aims to determine the difference in science learning outcomes of students who apply the demonstration method and the science learning outcomes of students who use conventional learning in class IV elementary school. The type of research that the author uses is experimental research. This research uses a group of research subjects from a certain population, then grouped randomly into two groups or classes, namely the experimental class and the control class. The experimental class was treated using the demonstration method and the control class used the conventional method, then both classes underwent the same post-test. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with proportional sampling. The same number of students and class average scores that are close to the same are class VA and class VB. After getting the sample class, the two classes were randomly drawn, then class VA was obtained as the experiment and class VB as the control. The results of this research can be seen from the results of the hypothesis test using the t-test which was carried out so that the value of t_count=0 and t_table= 2.02 was obtained. From the distributed table t, we get ttable = 2.02. So, it can be concluded that t_count &gt; t_tabel, where 0 &gt; 2.02, thus the working hypothesis H_1 is accepted, meaning there are significant differences in learning outcomes in the two samples. This research concluded that the science learning results of class IV students who used the demonstration learning method did not have a significant difference because the two sample classes got the same learning results, due to the limited time of the researcher who delivered the material to the experimental class