Land Property Research Articles

Spatial restructuring and the logic of industrial land redevelopment in urban China: IV. A case study of jointly redevelopment by multi-actors

Within the inventory era, urban shrinkage characterized by economic decline and space decay has been widely witnessed in China. The modes and trajectories of urban redevelopment have thus become areas of major concern for both policymakers and scholars. Taking the multi-actor participation nature of redevelopment, this paper stemming from the game-theoretical approach demonstrates in empirical terms on two major fronts. First, the redevelopment of industrial land without the transfer of land use right is shown to be deadlocked by the incapacitation of the original land-user and unlocked with the participation of the new developer. Second, the preference of the original land-user to maximize its interests by operating by itself rather than continue to cooperate with the new developer is observed in the post-redevelopment stage. Therein, the entrepreneurial local government acts only as a “mediator” between the two market entities and tends not to directly intervene in their cooperation. Thus that, it is the reasonable distribution of potential benefits or the pricing of different rights in the land property right bundle rather than their definition that matters more for land redevelopment. Because the delineation of land property rights has never been a problem in a mature land market, particularly for stock industrial land.

The Transfer of What? Electronic Conveyancing and the Destabilisation of Property

In jurisdictions around the world, the previously paper-based practice of conveyancing is being digitised. The move to ‘e-conveyancing’ has attracted little critical attention and tends to be regarded as a mere change of form rather than substance. In this article, I examine Australia’s move to national, platform-based electronic conveyancing, focusing on legal and practical changes made in the state of New South Wales to facilitate that move, asking how changes in the legal form of property affect its substance. Using legal analysis and engaging with a range of interdisciplinary literature on materiality, I argue that these digitising reforms involve a new structure of governance for the transfer of property in land, which in turn has negative implications for the relevance of subject-owns-object theories of property and the status of the proprietor. Although the diminution of proprietor status is presently occurring in ways that bolster the power of corporate finance, the shift away from older modes of landownership nonetheless presents a moment of potential disruption to the political regimes they help uphold, and an opportunity to reimagine what property is and could be.

The Impact of Land Property Right on China’s Rural-urban Migration

In this paper, we study the impact of land property rights on migration in rural areas. We use whether property rights are well protected as a judgment to verify the impact between the two. We used data from 2013 and 2014 for our analysis. From the probit chart, we can conclude that when land property rights are well protected, people will choose to emigrate. We used the rental ratio to confirm that land rights were well protected. When property rights are not well protected people will stay where they are. We use government acquisition of land to analyze that land rights are not well protected.

Certificate of Land Property Rights as an Evidence in Land Dispute Settlement

The goal to be achieved in this writing is to study specifically about certificates of ownership as a means of evidence in resolving land disputes with problem limitations, namely: How is the strength of proof of certificates of Land Rights in land dispute resolution. The research method used is normative juridical research. Namely legal research by conducting a review of literature related to problems with a statutory approach. The results of the study show that land ownership certificates issued by the National Land Agency have strong evidentiary power to be used as evidence in resolving land disputes that are carried out either by deliberation or through the settlement process in the judiciary.

Estimation of anthropogenic heat from buildings based on various data sources in Singapore

Heat released from the energy consumption in buildings (QB) is an important component of anthropogenic heat, which is a major contribution to the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. However, it is still a challenge to integrate all the available data to improve the estimation of QB due to inconsistences among multiple data sources. This paper presents a solution to estimate the anthropogenic heat from buildings in Singapore by classifying the buildings into the electricity consumption sectors based on a random forest classification model using multiple data sources. The classification model achieves a cross-validation accuracy score of 95% by using building use type, land use type of land parcel where the building stands, location and area as predictors. Based on the classification result, the annual average QB from the commercial buildings (CS), Housing and Development Board (HDB) apartments, private apartments and condominiums (AC), and landed properties (LP) were estimated to be 12.1, 4.4, 3.2 and 1.1 W m−2 on a 200 m-by-200 m grid, respectively. QB was approximately 9% of the net all-wave radiation in Singapore in 2015. Our approach can serve as a useful tool for integrating datasets from different sources with inconsistent categorizations, and our results can benefit urban planning as well as urban climate modeling at both microscale and mesoscale.

Impact of Governance Structure of Rural Collective Economic Organizations on Trading Efficiency of Collective Construction Land of China

In order to enable urban economic development, the use of the right value and asset value of rural collective construction land (RCCL) is increasingly becoming apparent and this market is experiencing rapid development. However, the arrangement of the governance structure of rural shareholding cooperatives (RSCs) can seriously affect the efficiency of collective construction land market transactions, since the governance of RSCs is related to the interests of farmers. Protecting the rights and interests of farmers while improving the governance efficiency of RSCs is a considerable challenge worldwide. To better deal with this challenge, this study used a field survey in Nanhai District, Guangdong Province, China, to estimate how the governance structure of RSCs affect the efficiency of RCCL market transactions. Tobit models were constructed, and the results show that (1) most of the governance functions of RSCs were not separate from the administrative management of the village committees, which leads to low efficiency of RSCs’ governance; (2) leaders of rural collective economic organizations played a key role in governance efficiency; (3) from the perspective of collective land property rights, most village shareholders did not have decision-making power or supervisory authority in the RCCL transfers because they could not complete access to transaction information. Furthermore, most villagers felt that the amount of income distributed was unreasonable, and the rights and interests of farmers and village shareholders were not guaranteed by the RSCs. Therefore, we suggest that the Chinese authorities should strengthen their current efforts to construct a more open and fair governance structure of the RSCs and thus improve their market transaction efficiency. Our work provides some insights into ways to improve the governance structure and market transaction efficiency of RSCs, which can further contribute to the development of the RCCL market in other areas of China and worldwide.

Positive effects of vegetation restoration on the soil properties of post-mining land

Positive effects of vegetation restoration on the soil properties of post-mining land

Impact of Land Property Rights Security Cognition on Farmland Quality Protection: Evidence from Chinese Farmers

The stability or security of property rights plays an important role in stimulating the investment of economic entities, which can prevent or alleviate the degradation of land resources and improve the efficiency of agricultural management. This paper focuses on the perspective of land property rights security awareness, analyzes its impact on farmers’ cultivated land quality protection behavior, and, on the basis of a theoretical analysis framework linking the two, uses farmer survey data from southern Jiangxi Province and the probit model to empirically analyze the impact of farmers’ land property rights security awareness on their cultivated land quality protection behavior. The results show that the improvement in farmers’ awareness of land property rights security could significantly improve their probability of applying farmyard manure. This conclusion is proven to be robust by means of a replacement model and adjustment variables. Moreover, it is found that the influence of land property rights security cognition on farmyard manure application differs among farmers by age, degree of part-time work and land scale. Finally, we can draw inspiration for improving the effective implementation of public policies and increasing the publicity of legal knowledge of land property rights to improve farmers’ awareness and consideration of land property rights security.

Is Complete Land Property Rights Increase Productivity of Rice Farming?

Abstract: This study examines how changes in the status of agricultural land property rights affects the productivity of rice farming, taking the case in Indonesia. By employing the two-period difference-in-differences (DiD) approach, we examine the productivity of 686 rice farming households that were covered in the IFLS longitudinal data panel survey in 2007 and 2014. IFLS itself is a survey with a sample that is considered to represent about 83 percent of the Indonesian population which was held in 13 provinces of the 34 existing provinces. The advantage of this research is the use of longitudinal data with observations on the same household and is a panel related to rice farming households. We find that changes in land property rights status from incomplete to complete property rights, has no effect on the productivity of rice farming, suggesting that to improve rice productivity, the government can not relying solely on land registration program. In Indonesia, land registration program solely implemented on land that is dispute free, therefore, there is no significant impact on creating maximization behaviour in input of production that can increase productivity. Keywords: asset legality, difference-in-differences analysis, land status, maximization behavior transferability

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ЗЕМЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ КИТАЯ ПОСЛЕ 1978 ГОДА И АНАЛИЗ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

China’s land property rights system has undergone great changes since 1978, when the private economy began to be allowed to own land. From the empirical point of view, combining with the changes of China’s rural land property right system and land economy since 1978, this paper puts forward theoretical hypotheses: the changes of land property right system will promote the development of local economy; Economic and social transformation plays a positive intermediary role in the process of land property rights system change promoting local economic development. The data of China’s upgrade panel from 1980 to 2017 are collected and the hypothesis is demonstrated according to the output results of the model. The final conclusion of this paper is that the change of land property rights system plays a promoting role in the process of economic development in various parts of China.

THE ISLAMIC COMMUNAL LANDS IJMA: IN THE CASE OF MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN AZERBAIJAN

Land properties and the legal regimes that they are subject, provide important data on the legal, social, economic and military aspects of a given country and characterize its economic features. In the countries of the Middle East, the system of land tenure, based on Sharia Law, was formed during the period of the Arab Caliphate and, with minor changes, lasted for centuries. The aim of this paper is to examine the main essence of the Islamic communal land property- arazî-i ijma or arazî-i āmma in the medieval and early modern Azerbaijan, based on the several documents of the title-deed - qabale. This research proposes a concept that being land in the public benefits, arazî-i ijma was one of the forms of private ownership- mulk lands.

Effects of Cumulative Rainfall Amount and Nearby Sources on Plastic Pieces on the Shoulder

We investigated the side of parking lots, garbage collection points and house wall to understand the source of plastic pieces. The survey was conducted approximately monthly from Apr. 2020 to Feb. 2021 with the aim of clarifying detailed rainfall variation in the density of plastic pieces on the shoulder. The discharge coefficient of gravel is 0.30 to 0.70, lower than that of asphalt, 0.70 to 0.95. As the plastic pieces on the gravel surface could be hard to be washed away and easy to be accumulated, the mass of plastic pieces flowing into the side was larger than that flowing out. PE, PP, PS, PET and PVC were predominant among the found polymer materials (43-66%by mass). The size corresponding to the cumulative ratio of 50% the plastic pieces on the side of house wall was smaller than that on the others. On the sides of house wall that was not near the plastic source, the plastic pieces could be weathered to fragment into smaller pieces than on the others. The number density of plastic pieces scattered on the side of garbage collection point was affected by the structure. It was found that the behavior of plastic load was complicatedly influenced by land properties, uses and rainfall.

Soil properties of agricultural sloping land in Banjarnegara Regency, Indonesia

Intensive farming in highland sloping land can lead to more frequent soil erosion, thus exacerbating soil deterioration. Good agricultural practices on sloping land can prevent soil degradation. This study aimed to identify soil properties within transects consisting of the shoulder slope (forest) and upper and lower slopes (agricultural field) in steep slope ranges between 25 – 40%. The study area was located in Sumberejo village, Banjarnegara Regency, Indonesia, with young coffee tree intercropping carrot land use previously planted with horticulture crops. The result showed that the concentration of potential P and K, pH, N, exchangeable cation (Ca, Mg, K), and CEC within the transect in sloping land resulted in higher concentration in the upper and lower slope than shoulder slope because agriculture area got influence from fertilizer application. Higher soil organic carbon content and dehydrogenase enzyme also lower bulk density value in shoulder slope because the forest had undisturbed condition. This study informs that agricultural activities influence soil characteristics. Implementing proper land management on sloping lands can reduce soil degradation and mitigate the effects of climate change.

ЖИСМОНИЙ ШАХСЛАРДАН ОЛИНАДИГАН СОЛИҚЛАРНИ ПРОГНОЗЛАШТИРИШ МЕХАНИЗМИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ ЙЎЛЛАРИ

The article describes the formation of the revenue base of local budgets, the importance and scientific and practical basis of land tax and property tax. The possibilities of ensuring the stability of local budgets' incomes are based. Procedural and practical recommendations were offered to increase the importance of land and property tax in the formation of local budget revenues. In addition, a study was conducted on ways to increase local budget revenues, the researches of economists were studied within the topic, and conclusions and proposals were formed

Socio-Demographic Analysis of the Chief Trustees of the Kalmyk People in Late Imperial Period

The imperial policy aimed at integrating the population of the peripheries into the general imperial space largely depended on the conceptual decisions made by the immediate leaders of the administrations of the national minorities (inorodtsy). The author, based on the positions of historical elitology, focuses on the socio-demographic characteristics of the chief trustees (managers) of the Kalmyk steppe in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. For the first time, the identified sources made it possible to consider the social composition, educational level, family and property status of the officials who headed the Kalmyk administration. During the period under review, this institution underwent cardinal changes. The completely autonomous position of the chief trustee, which had been held by six people from 1867 to 1892, was transformed into that of the head of the Kalmyk people, whose scope of power was significantly reduced. The merging of the power of the head of the administration and the Astrakhan governor marked the next stage in the process of integrating the national minorities of the peripheries. Until 1917, the established position of the head of the Kalmyk people had been held by seven people successively. The absolute majority of the trustees were individuals of the privileged class of the Russian society, whereas the social composition of the head of the Kalmyk people was more varied. In terms of career growth, the latter circumstance indicates the lack of attractiveness of the newly introduced position. As far as the family and marital status was concerned, they were all married, but not all of them owned land or immovable property. Each of them had experience in civil or military service. Even without the civil experience, after the end of their military career, they actively joined in managing the process of integration of the Kalmyk population into the all-Russian space.

Unknown Fragment of the Inspection Books of Derevskaya Pyatina by Grigory Plescheev of 1573

The article attributes a fragment of land description of Shegrinsky pogost of Novgorod Derevskaya Pyatina, stored in F. 1209 RGADA among unidentified sheets of unknown origin (Inventory 1. Part 3. File 268). It has been established that the two investigated sheets belong to the collection of inspection books of Derevskaya Pyatina by Grigory Plescheev of 1573 and belong to one of the most destroyed parts of this collection: until now, only one sheet was known about Shegrinsky pogost. Observations were made on when the examined fragment could have been removed from the collection and under what circumstances it was rediscovered, why it was put among the documents of the archive of estate land and fiefdom property institutions, while the convolute origins from the archive of the financial office, and why it has not been attributed until now.

Application of GIS technologies to implement environmental monitoring of laboratory studies of soils under power transmission lines in the Southern foothills of Fergana region

Aim: The purpose of the study is to introduce GIS technologies and create digital maps of irrigated soils, databases for soil surveys and agrochemical properties of lands of protected zones of linear objects of the Fergana region, as well as to determine the influence of power lines on wheat yield. Methods: The article uses methods of spatial and system-structural analysis, cartographic, comparative-geographical, statistical, typological and natural-economic zoning. They are based on GIS technologies using modern technological software, such as ArcGIS 10.3(2), and SAS Planet 1.3. Mathematical statistical processing of research results was carried out based on the IRRISTAT program. Results: based on the new modernized method, irrigated soils of farms under power lines were evaluated, and digital attribute bonus maps were compiled. Scientifically-based recommendations aimed at improving soil properties and efficient use of land resources have been developed. Conclusion: Based on the results of research conducted based on GIS technologies, ArcGIS applications and the rules of direct genetic soil science, the influence of high-voltage electrical networks on the properties of the soil of electromagnetic fields and protection limits were determined. The definition of areas in the study area, the establishment of boundaries, the definition of zones of impact and protection of high-voltage electrical networks, the analysis of agrophysical, agrochemical and other soil properties, the ways of using attribute data from individual modern GIS technologists and ArcGIS applications have been improved and appropriate maps have been compiled.

“Blessed Idlers” or “Indolent Loafers”: the Stereotype of Crimean Tatar Laziness in Russian and Foreign Mind in the Late of the 18th and 19th Centuries

This paper discusses the origin and evolution of the stereotype of “laziness” of the Crimean Tatars, which appeared in Russian and foreign travel writings from the late-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It has been shown that this stereotype was a product of Western “armchair” knowledge of the Enlightenment, which produced the ideas of “terrestrial paradise” in faraway countries where lived the “noble savages”. Applying it to what was seen in the Crimea, the writers and scientists ignored the specificities of Muslim ethics and political-economic developments in the region. The reflections on the Crimean residents were sometimes influenced by subjective circumstances, such as conflicts with Tatars concerning the possession of land properties. The stereotype of “Tatar sloth” quickly established itself in public mind. It had real political consequences, as it influenced the actions of the government and private persons. Perhaps this stereotype was among the reasons why the integration of the Crimea into the Russian empire took a very long time.

Analysis of Changes in Trade in Developed Land Property in Poland between 2017 and 2020

In contemporary socio-economic reality, there are many elements, both material and non-material, that play a significant role in shaping it. Treating economics as a science that studies people’s behaviour in producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services, then undoubtedly, one of the most critical elements shaping this process is real estate, which cannot be overestimated in market processes. From the beginning of the formation of the market economy, real estate was at its very centre and determined directly and indirectly the direction of development of this economy. This author focused on identifying changes taking place in the trade in developed land properties on the Polish real estate market in terms of its forms. The research procedure used methods of literature criticism and descriptive statistics.

Commercialisation and landed proprietorship on the Malabar Coast in the eighteenth century

This article proposes a systemic connection between cash-crop gardening, commercialisation and individually-owned landed property in late eighteenth-century Malabar on the southwestern coast of India. The discussion starts with a focus on the English East India Company’s (EIC) early nineteenth-century investigations into land tenure and land tax. It identifies an agreement of opinion between two EIC revenue officers, Thomas Munro (d. 1827) and Francis Whyte Ellis (d. 1819), otherwise known to occupy rival intellectual positions. Both of them agreed on the existence of privately-owned landed assets in the region. This article calls this agreement ‘the Malabar consensus’ and argues that it was founded on an objective, if not intimate, examination of a set of specific historical conditions. The first section explores the tenurial category janmam or the aṭṭipēṟu of the eighteenth century and describes certain procedural innovations in the realm of landed and agrarian assets which mark a generalised transition along the coast of Malabar during the early modern centuries. The second section attempts to explain a set of economic opportunities that the aṭṭipēṟu stakeholders, finding themselves in a political and economic transition, found available in the eighteenth century. These innovations and the opportunities they provided were instrumental in creating a substantial class of parvenue landowners, and also an equally significant social class of share-croppers and wage-earners whose emergence characterised the early modern Malabar experience.