The supply of rural public products, as an important indicator to measure rural economic development, plays an important role in improving the quality of life of farmers and promoting the harmonious development of rural society. However, the current supply of public goods in China’s rural areas cannot meet the growing needs of farmers. Therefore, this article intends to analyze the specific situation of Chinese villagers’ willingness to participate in the supply of rural public products from the perspective of social capital, using the 2018 new rural community governance data and using the binary Logit model. The results of the study show that villagers are generally not very enthusiastic about participating in the supply of public goods in the village. The willingness of villagers in different regions to participate in the supply of public goods in the village is significantly different, and the eastern region is far lower than the western and central regions. Among the various dimensions of social capital, social trust, social networks and social participation of villagers to partake in village transport facilities, medical facilities and clean energy supply facilities willingness to have a significant positive impact. The gender of the villagers, whether he is a village official or not, and the degree of psychological cognition all have a significant positive impact on the willingness of the villagers to participate. Therefore, the Chinese government should pay attention to the positive effect of the informal system on villagers' participation in supply, actively cultivate and develop villagers' social capital in different dimensions, and arrange the supply of village public products in a reasonable manner according to the level of village development in accordance with local conditions.