Properties Of Polymer Composite Materials Research Articles

Montmorillonite nanokil ilave edilmiş düşük yoğunluklu polietilen/polistiren/stiren bütadien stiren polimer kompozitinin fiziksel ve aşınma özelliklerinin incelenmesi

In this study; a polymer composite was produced by adding different proportions of polystyrene (PS), styrene ethylene butadiene styrene thermoplastic block copolymer (SBS) and montmorillonite nanoclay into low density polyethylene (LDPE). Six different polymer composites were produced by mixing all materials in a twin screw extruder. Later, standard test samples were molded from the obtained polymer composites by injection molding method. To learn about the various physical and wear properties of polymer composite materials obtained; Vicat softening temperature, moisture content, melt flow index (MFI), thermal deflection temperature (HDT), friction coefficient, density and wear tests were performed. In addition, in order to see the distribution of montmorillonite in the polymer matrix, microstructure photographs were taken with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by using fracture surfaces of impact test samples. According to the results obtained from the tests carried out, which are included in low density polyethylene matrix; It has been determined that there are significant changes in the physical and abrasion values of the polymer composite with the change of PS, SBS and nano clay ratios.

Functional properties of polymer composite materials based on polypropylene, carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles for transportation systems

Functional properties of polymer composite materials based on polypropylene, carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles for transportation systems

Перспективы применения нейросетевого моделирования при оценке структуры и свойств полимерных композиционных материалов с гибридными матрицами

Artificial neural networks are applied in various fields: from economics and social studies to medicine and robotics. The neural networks allow one to solve various problems: prediction of events, associative search of information, check of product quality and many others. The recognition of images by the neural networks is probably the most popular task. The recognition of images and symbols allows one considerably to decrease labor-intensiveness and increase accuracy of various operation processes. The problems of an increase in the effectiveness and accuracy for evaluation of structures and properties of polymer composite materials (PCM) with different hybrid matrices by classification of data, using the neural networks, are discussed. The results of learning a neural network model for classification of PCM structures with different hybrid matrices are presented. After addition learning the proposed neuronetwork model can be used for evaluation of mechanical properties of PCM with different hybrid matrices and prediction of them for product design.

ТЕРМОПЛАСТИЧНЫЕ ПОЛИМЕРНЫЕ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛИЭФИРЭФИРКЕТОНОВ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЕЙ

The paper examines four brands of polyetheretherketones of foreign and domestic production as binders for thermoplastic carbon plastics and estimates their main characteristics. Two polymer composite materials (PCM) manufacturing technologies have been tested – a film and a prepreg. It has been determined that prepreg technology makes it possible to produce carbon plastics with higher mechanical characteristics. The influence of the melt flow rate of a thermoplastic binder on the properties of PCM was evaluated and it was defined that powdered polyetheretherketones with low fluidity do not allow obtaining carbon plastics with a high level of mechanical properties.

STRUCTURE, THERMAL BEHAVIOR, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF POLYSTYRENE/HYDROXYAPATITE FILM COMPOSITES

The most important area of modern materials science is the preparation and study of the properties of polymer composite materials containing micro- and nanoparticles of inorganic fillers. The introduction of such particles into a polymer matrix increases its mechanical strength and thermal stability, changes its electrical and gas barrier properties, and promotes the appearance of biological activity. The listed properties of the obtained composites depend on the characteristics of both the initial polymer and the filler. In this work, a powder of the natural ceramic mineral hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is a promising filler for polymeric materials, is characterized using a number of physicochemical methods. Size distributions of hydroxyapatite particles and quantitative characteristics of the porous structure were obtained by granulometric analysis and low-temperature sorption-desorption of nitrogen vapor. It has been established that the powder under study can be classified as a mesoporous material with a highly developed surface. The specific surface area of HAP, the total specific pore volume, the average pore size, and the fractal dimension of the porous material were determined. The pore size distribution is monomodal with a peak at 4 nm. Mechanical dispersion using o-xylene was used to immobilize hydroxyapatite particles in a polystyrene (PS) matrix, and PS/HAP composite film materials were obtained. The results of a study of X-ray scattering by polystyrene and composite films with different hydroxyapatite content are presented. It has been established by differential scanning calorimetry that PS/HAP composites are characterized by two glass transition temperatures, which correspond to relaxation transitions in the “soft” and “hard phases”. Studies of the biological activity of the synthesized PS/HAP composite materials have been carried out, and their antibacterial action against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 209-P has been established for the first time.

Влияние жесткой и пластичной матриц на предельную прочность и механизмы разрушения полимерных композиционных материалов при ударе и в статике

An universal method “Break upon Impact and Static” (RUS) has been developed for the experimental determination of the ultimate strength properties of polymer composite materials based on multifilament nanocrystalline ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, which differs in the method of fixing the sample in a testing machine.The method is carried out using a uniform BIS-sample with an intermediate matrix at the ends and equipment for its attachment to the platforms of testing machines. The sample is a round composite rod composed of the fibers and matrices under investigation, which is held in the tooling by an additional matrix that fixtures it under various loading rates. The RUS method was used to study the properties and mechanisms of destruction upon impact and in a static situation of anisotropic polymer and hybrid composite materials (PCM and HCM) based on flexible and rigid matrices reinforced with hybrid fibers of carbon, aramid, and UHMWPE-fibers activated by non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma. The breaking loads under low-velocity impact and static bending conditions, relative deformation, specific absorbed-in-fracture energy, work of adhesion, shear strength, and other properties are determined. It was found out that the plasticity of the matrix and the hybrid fiber composition affect the properties and fracture mode of PCM and HCM. For the destruction of HCM with a flexible matrix upon impact, a load twice as large as for composites with a rigid matrix is required. HCMs have the highest strength, in which at all stages of loading up to failure, joint deformation of the matrix and the reinforcing fiber occurs. The mechanism of deformation and destruction of anisotropic HCM upon impact is stepwise, while the nature of the deformation curve is zigzag. In statics, the deformation proceeds smoothly. By changing the ratio of carbon and UHMWPE-fibers during hybridization, it is possible to control the properties of HCM and improve its specific properties. The combination of carbon and UHMWPE-fibers in a hybrid fiber for reinforcing a flexible matrix makes it possible to create a material with a delayed fracture. It has been established that for HCM based on a flexible matrix reinforced with a hybrid fiber combining 20 % carbon and 80 % UHMWPE fiber, the fracture load increases by factor 2, the specific fracture work by 42 %, relative deformation by 68 %.

Mechanical properties of biomass-derived silica nanoparticles reinforced PMMA composite material

Rice husk was used to produce silica particles, which were then used to reinforce the polymer matrix. The synthesized SiO2 particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with EDS. In a PMMA matrix, prepared SiO2 particles in amounts of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% were used as reinforcing agents. The goal of this research was to see if SiO2 particles had any effect on the mechanical properties of polymer composite materials. The morphology of the composites was examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Vickers microindentation hardness and impact testing were used to determine the mechanical properties of the obtained composites. The indentation creep?s behavior of a polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) composite material with varying amounts of nanoparticles (SiO2) was investigated and analyzed.

Microstructure and properties of polymeric composite materials based on polyethylene and thermally extended graphite for transport systems

The effect of thermoexpanded graphite (TEG) on the microstructure and functional properties of polymer composites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been studied by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical analysis. There has been proven the efficiency of the method of mixing polymer composites using a piston extruder, which provides a more uniform distribution of the filler in the polymer matrix. It is shown that the introduction of TEG leads to a decrease in the degree of crystallinity and melting point of systems based on high-density polyethylene, which is a consequence of the destruction or increase in the defect of the crystal structure of the polymer matrix under the influence of TEG. With the introduction of 1 % of TEG, the melting point decreased from 415.0 to 408.5 K. With the introduction of 3 % of TEG, the thermal conductivity increased from 0.18 W/(m·K) (for HDPE) to 0.76 W/(m·K). The extreme change in the thermal conductivity of polymer composites is a consequence of the formation of TEG in the polymer matrix of the percolation cluster, the mesh of the filler, which penetrates the entire volume of the material. As a result of the conductivity studies, the percolation threshold of thermal conductivity has been determined for these HDPE-TEG systems, which is 0.6 %. Microscopic studies confirmed the formation of the percolation cluster obtained by thermal conductivity. It is shown that at the content of 0.6 % of TEG, there is formed a continuous cluster. The formation of this cluster is confirmed by mechanical studies. An increase in mechanical strength has been recorded, which increases from 30.5 MPa (for HDPE) to 42.8 MPa at 5 % filler content, and this is promising for the use of these materials in transport systems.

Polymer Matrix Composite in High Voltage Applications: A Review

In recent years, natural fibers have become more widely used as reinforcement in polymer composites to generate low-cost products. Fibrous reinforcements in polymer matrices lead to good mechanical and electrical properties for composite materials. Depending on the grade and orientation, composites can be one-fifth the weight of steel while offering similar or better stiffness and strength. In addition, unlike steel or aluminum, composites do not rust or corrode. Composite materials reinforcing phase gives durability, strength, and stiffness. Composite materials have traditionally been employed as structural materials. Composite materials are increasingly being used in electrical applications such as bushings, circuit breakers, coupling capacitors, and so on, thanks to the growing growth of the electrical sector. The design parameters for structural and electrical composites differ dramatically due to the enormous differences in property requirements. Depending on the application, structural composites. Structural composites prioritize sufficient strength and modulus, while electrical composites prioritize superior dielectric constant, thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion, and shielding effectiveness. In the electrical industry, low density is desired because it allows for weight reduction. It is also desirable to have a high strength-weight ratio and dielectric properties. This paper provides a brief review of the properties of polymer composite materials and their application in the high voltage industry.

Complex optical properties of polymeric composite materials mixed with quartz powder and investigated by THz time-domain spectroscopy

With the rapid development of terahertz (THz) technology comes the need to further explore the prospects for various applications of THz systems. Due to the strong need, components and equipment involving the exploration are indispensable. In order to find the most suitable material for THz technology, we selected three common materials for different 3D printing techniques—polyamide (PA), polylactic acid (PLA), and light-curable resin. After mixing each material with a quartz powder of a different weight percentage, we observed the change in absorption coefficients and refractive indices of the mixtures by THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The higher the ratio of a quartz powder to a mixture was, the smaller the absorption coefficient of the mixture would be. The optimum rate of change in the absorption coefficient was attained when the weight percentage of a quartz powder in a mixture was 50 wt%. At 1 THz of the measurement of THz-TDS, the average reduction in the absorption coefficients of the three different materials mixed respectively with a 50 wt% quartz powder was 39.17%. Besides reduced absorption coefficients, the mixtures’ refractive indices also changed as the weight percentage of a quartz powder in the mixtures varied. The PLA-based sample mixed with a 50 wt% quartz powder had the highest increase in the refractive index. Mixing quartz powders with materials, therefore, is an effective method to increase refractive indices and decrease absorption coefficients. The method can be applied in 3D printing techniques in the future to enhance the efficiency of THz components manufactured with 3D printing techniques.

Accelerated climatic aging of polymer composite materials based on polypropylene and aluminum oxide

The article is devoted to the study of changes in the deformation and strength properties of polymer composite materials based on polypropylene and aluminum oxide during accelerated climatic aging and assessing the possibility of predicting the approximate terms of their operation. It has been found that the values ​of the thermal conductivity coefficient of polypropylene-aluminum oxide composites naturally increase with an increase in the proportion of filler from 0.10 to 0.21 W / (m ∙ K), which indicates the feasibility of creating these materials. It was also shown that an increase in the content of aluminum oxide in the polypropylene matrix leads to an improvement in the strength characteristics (tensile strength) of the composite. Similar patterns are observed for the dependence of the tensile strength on the content of aluminum oxide. Accelerated aging of polymer composite samples is accompanied by a decrease in their strength, which indicates the ongoing processes of destruction of polypropylene macromolecules. According to the results of accelerated climatic tests, it was found that samples of polymer composites based on polypropylene and aluminum oxide are characterized by small predicted approximate service life (13 –15 months) under the influence of the main environmental factors (UV radiation, humidity, temperature cycling), practically not differing from the service life of materials made of unfilled polypropylene, therefore, either these materials must be used in milder conditions, for example, as elements of products used indoors, or stabilizers must be included in the proposed compositions.

Determining the influence of the filler on the properties of structural thermal-resistant polymeric materials based on Phenylone C1

This paper reports a laboratory study of the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of designed composite materials based on Phenylone C1 filled with silica gel. Structural plastics, due to their high chemical and wear resistance, sufficient level of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties, can significantly improve the technical characteristics of machines and mechanisms. However, some structural plastics, including Phenylone C1, have a significant drawback – a narrow temperature range of their processing, which leads to a complication of technological equipment and increases the cost of production. It was established that the technical processing of the initial composite material into finished products could be improved by introducing fillers. The regularities of influence of silica gel content on the level of thermal and physical-mechanical properties of polymer composite materials based on Phenylone C1 have been established. It was found that the introduction of silica gel into Phenylone C1 leads to an increase in stress at the yield strength and modulus of elasticity at compression by 6.3 % and 13.3 %, respectively, compared to the original material. It was established that the heat resistance of the filled composite increases by 11.6 % with a decrease in thermal linear expansion by 10‒20 %, depending on the content of the filler. It was found that with an increase in silica gel concentration in the polymer matrix, the temperature of the onset of active destruction shifts towards higher temperatures. When filled in the amount of 30 % by weight, this temperature reaches 375 °C, which increases the temperature range of processing the designed material by 25 °C. The study results make it possible to optimize the system of tolerances and landings of parts made of polymer-composite materials, simplify the technology of their manufacture, and, as a result, reduce their cost

Philosophy of Selecting ASTM Standards for Mechanical Characterization of Polymers and Polymer Composites

Mechanical characterization of newly developed polymers and composites are the basic measurements that are used to check the potential of the material towards its usage in various applications. Young researchers who are new to the field of materials science often find it difficult in selecting the specific testing standards for their novel materials. This review article provides a detailed explanatory of the various ASTM standards that are used for analyzing the basic mechanical properties of polymer composite materials. The standard dimensions of the test specimens and the mechanical testing parameters that are universally followed in different testing phases are illustrated for the ease of research.

Формирование механических свойств полимерных композиционных материалов с различными типами гибридных матриц

The mechanical properties of polymer composite materials largely depend on the interfacial phenomena occurring on the interface between the matrix and reinforcing material. The addition of components to the matrix of polymer composite materials that retain their viscoelastic state during the molding process of the products makes possible to locally change the deformation-and-strength properties of a finished product, adapting it to the specified operating conditions. The viscoelastic components in the hybrid matrix form the third phase of the polymer composite material. Increasing the efficiency of interfacial layers of polymer composite materials with various types of hybrid matrices is the most important task of their development. The samples for microanalysis of the polymer composite material structure with various types of hybrid matrices were molded using the prepreg technology by vacuum molding on the basis of BT400 biaxial basalt fabric. Technical wax, anaerobic (Loctite 638) and organosilicon (Yunisil-9628) polymer materials were selected as the viscoelastic components of the hybrid matrix. In order to explain the reasons for the change in the deformation-and-strength properties of the obtained basalt plastics with various viscoelastic components in the composition of the hybrid matrix, microanalysis of their structure was carried out. A mechanism for choosing a scheme for the location of viscoelastic components in a matrix of polymer composite materials based on the provisions of combinatorial optimization is described.

Rheological properties of dispersed-filled polymer composite materials based on polyethylene containing glass microbeads

This article presents the results of a study of the effect of the filler content on the rheological properties of polymer composite materials based on high density polyethylene containing glass microbeads. The flow curves of the compositions were obtained by the method of capillary viscosimetry. Simple mathematical models have been constructed that allow estimating the viscosity of the compositions’ melts based on a given filler content.

Оценка напряженно-деформированного состояния полимерного композиционного материала с гибридной матрицей

Properties of polymer composite material consisting of carbon fabric and two matrix types (epoxy and organic-silicon) have been studied. The main purpose of the organic-silicon matrix is to relax stresses arising in carbon-filled plastic components under loads and to decelerate (or stop) crack growth. The structure of the composite material was determined by using a tomography. On the basis of the structure, a finite-element model was developed and a calculation of the stressed-deformed state depending on elastic characteristics of the matrix was performed. A safety factor calculation was made. It was found out that the addition of organic-silicon material in the composite composition made possible to decrease stress values in the crack tip that considerably increased the service life of such materials.

Inorganically modified particles FeAl-LDH@SiO 2 as reinforcement in poly (methyl) methacrylate matrix composite

Silica particles were obtained from rice husk to which layered double hydroxide particles were deposited (weight ratio 1 : 1). Fe2+-Al3+ layered double hydroxides (FeAl-LDH) were synthesized by co-precipitation with ratios Fe : Al of 3 : 1 in the presence of SiO2 particles from the rice husk. Characterization of the synthesized FeAl-LDH@SiO2 particles was performed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with EDS. Prepared FeAl-LDH@SiO2 particles were used as reinforcing agents in 1, 3 and 5 wt% quantity in poly (methyl) methacrylate matrix. The aim of this study was to examine whether FeAl-LDH@SiO2 particles affect the mechanical properties of polymer composite materials. The morphology of the composites was examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope. Microindentation, tensile and impact testing determined the mechanical properties of the obtained composites.

Effect of the Environment on the Properties of Polymer Composite Materials

Effect of the Environment on the Properties of Polymer Composite Materials

Study of the tensile strength of a polymer composite material based on ABS-plastic and impregnated in epoxy resin with different types of hardener

AnnotationThis article examines the study of strength properties of polymer composite material, based on 3D-printed frame produced by FDM technology. The printing material is ABS plastic (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). After the printing samples frames were soaked in pure epoxy resin with various hardeners. Subsequent curing went in two modes. After that, tensile tests were performed. The strength of impregnated, non-impregnated (clean frame) samples and samples made of pure resin was compared. Tests have shown that the strength of impregnated samples exceeds the strength of non-impregnated ones, but obtained strength value of impregnated samples were far from the expected theoretical values. It was found that low strength is associated with poor quality of the impregnation.

Investigation of the mechanical properties of polymer composite materials with various types of hybrid matrices in the extreme conditions of the Arctic

The technology of manufacturing carbon plastics samples with various types of hybrid matrices is presented, one of the components of which is completely cured, and the second (technical wax, anaerobic and organosilicon polymer materials) retains its viscoelastic state after forming products, which ensures a change in the mechanical properties of structural materials. The possibility of using carbon plastics with various types of hybrid matrices for the manufacturing of mechanical engineering products that are used in extreme Arctic conditions is studied. A method for conducting mechanical tests to determine the tensile strength of carbon plastics samples with various types of hybrid matrices at temperatures t1 = 20 ± 2°C, t2 = −30°C, t3= −50°C. The results of changes in the strength and deformation properties of carbon plastics with different types of hybrid matrices at negative and positive temperatures compared to the values of the same indicators of carbon plastics without viscoelastic components in the matrix are presented and analyzed.