Properties Of One-dimensional Photonic Crystals Research Articles

Electrically tunable optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal containing nanocomposite structurally chiral material

Electrically tunable optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal containing nanocomposite structurally chiral material

Anodizing aluminum in a viscous electrolyte to produce one-dimensional photonic crystals

In the paper, the possibility to produce anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) featuring one-dimensional photonic crystal along the normal to the surface is shown. The AAO structure is represented by alternating layers of different porosity and is formed in a viscous electrolyte based on sulfuric acid and ethylene glycol at the periodically varying from high (1.8 mA/cm2) to low (0.4 mA/cm2) current density with a rectangular pulse shape. The pore sizes and interpore distance, pore density and porosity, thickness and period of the AAO structure have been determined. The specular reflection spectra features for single layers that make up the AAO structure and for one-dimensional photonic crystals structures consisting of 165 periods have been studied. An increase in the porosity of the upper layers of the structure due to chemical etching of the pores during the oxide growth is noted. It is shown that the invariance of the spectral position of the photonic band gap for AAO structures is achieved by a 0.1 % decrease in charge at each subsequent anodizing cycle during their formation, which leads to a decrease in the period of the structure in the lower layers, compensating for the increase in the upper layers porosity. The reflection spectra have been analyzed for the incidence angles of 10° and 30° and used to calculate the period of the structure and the effective refractive index. The effective refractive index of the single layers that make up the AAO structure is calculated using the optical Fabry–Perot oscillations. For AAO with the properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal, a green color is observed at normal light incidence, and an iridescent color is observed when the angle changes. AAO can be used as a decorative coating on the housings of electronic devices (tablets, laptops, phones, etc.) and when creating design objects made of aluminum and its alloys.

Surface plasmon-like properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal and its application in surface-enhanced fluorescence

The present work reports on the plasmon-like properties of one dimensional photonic crystal (1D PhC) as active material for surface-enhanced fluorescence application. 1D PhC was prepared through layer-by-layer deposition of spin coated Poly (methyl methacrylate) and vacuum deposited As2S3. The thicknesses of the alternating layers were tailored with Bragg’s condition for a quarter wave stack. The optical properties of the 1D PhC were characterized by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry. The interaction of surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) supported by the photonic crystals with the localized surface plasmon waves spreading on the surface of very thin metallic films deposited on top of the 1D PhC was investigated. The efficiency of the surface-enhanced fluorescence was studied by using a 0.1 % w/v Cu (II)-phthalocyanine (CuPc) in Pluronic PE 6800 water solution. Two times enhancement of fluorescence signal of CuPc was observed in the case of Au overlayer on the surface of the 1D PhC.

The Transmission Properties of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Gradient Materials.

In this paper, we studied the transmission properties, including photonic band gap (PBG) and defect mode properties, of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) consisting of gradient materials. When keeping the average refractive index of the gradient materials in the 1D gradient-material PCs (1D GPCs) the same as the index of the corresponding normal materials in the 1D normal-material PCs (1D NPCs), by transfer matrix method, we found that the complete 1D GPCs with high-index gradient materials benefit to achieve larger omni-PBG than that in 1D NPCs. In our high-index gradient material case, for TE(TM) wave, the optimal omni-PBGs in 1D GPCs with first- and second-order gradient materials are 38.6% (50.2%) and 15.9% (22.3%) larger than that in 1D NPCs; while for the optimal relative bandwidths of omni-PBG, the corresponding promotions are 41.1% (52.3%) and 16.1% (22.6%), respectively. In addition, when defective 1D GPCs have gradient-material defect, the position of defect modes can be adjusted by selecting proper parameters of the gradient materials. These types of research are useful for designing wide PBG devices and tunable narrow-band filters which have potential application in optical communication.

Numerical Simulation of Optical Properties of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide

Numerical Simulation of Optical Properties of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide

含六方氮化硼的一维光子晶体的光学特性

含六方氮化硼的一维光子晶体的光学特性

Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticle: TiO2: Air Layers for One-Dimensional Multilayer Photonic Structures

In this work we study the optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals in which layers of silica nanoparticles are alternated with layers of indium tin oxide nanoparticle (ITO)/titania nanoparticle mixture, using the transfer matrix method. The dielectric function of the mixed ITO/TiO2 nanoparticle layer is carefully accounted for with a generalized Rayleigh equation for the ternary mixture ITO:TiO2:air. We studied the light transmission of the multilayer photonic crystal as a function of the ITO/TiO2 ratio. We observe that, by increasing the ITO content and its carrier density in the three-phase mixture, the intensity of the plasmon resonance in the near infrared (NIR) increases and the intensity of the photonic band gap (visible) decreases. Thus, our study is of major importance for the realization of electrochromic smart windows, in which separate and independent NIR and visible light control is required.

Manipulation of Bragg and graphene photonic band gaps in one-dimensional photonic crystal containing graphene

Using the Kronig-Penney method, we have investigated the photonic band gap properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of dielectric and multilayer dielectric-graphene layers in terahertz frequency region for both electric and magnetic polarizations. The computational results represent two kinds of photonic band gaps (i.e. Bragg and graphene), and the effect of incident angle and chemical potential of graphene nanolayers are investigated on these photonic band gaps. The obtained results show that the width of both band gaps are more influenced by changing the chemical potential of graphene, but the incident angle has little effect. The proposed PC structure can be used for designing tunable optical devices in the terahertz frequency range.

Nonreciprocal and enhancement effect of one-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal with a gain defect

The transmission properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of the Gyromagnetic and gain medium are investigated. The energy loss due to the Gyromagnetic medium is compensated by adding one gain defect layer. From the analysis, it is found that both the nonreciprocal and enhancement effect are affected considerably by the incident angle, layer thickness, external magnetic field and gain coefficient. Specifically, it is demonstrated that the gain defect layer plays an important role in achieving nonreciprocal and enhancement transmission.

Tunable defect modes of one-dimensional photonic crystals containing a Dirac semimetal-based metamaterial defect layer.

The transmission properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) containing a metamaterial (MM) defect layer are investigated using the transfer matrix method. The MM is composed of alternating layers of a dielectric material and a Dirac semimetal (DS) material. Numerical results show that the defective PCs possess a tunable defect mode, which is significantly dependent on the Fermi level of the DS as well as the structural parameters of the MM defect layer. The defect mode properties under different incident angles for TE and TM polarizations are also studied. Such defective structures have potential applications in tunable filters and sensors in terahertz regions.

Surface-enhanced chiroptical spectroscopy with superchiral surface waves.

We study the chiroptical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals supporting superchiral surface waves by introducing a simple formalism based on the Fresnel reflection matrix. We show that the proposed framework provides useful insights on the behavior of all the relevant chiroptical quantities, allowing for a deeper understanding of surface-enhanced chiral sensing platforms based on one-dimensional photonic crystals. Finally, we analyze and discuss the limitations of such platforms as the surface concentration of the target chiral analytes is gradually increased.

Thickness-dependent iridescence of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on anodic alumina

One-dimensional photonic crystals based on anodic alumina are of high practical importance in modern materials science and photonics owing to wide variety of their applications: from optoelectronics to decorative coatings. Although the variety of anodizing regimes allows one to design the periodic modulation of the porosity of oxide film, the information about the optimal number of layers needed for the appearance of intense photonic band gaps is absent. Here the variation in the spectral properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals on the thickness of porous anodic alumina is examined. The samples consisted of up to 300 periods are obtained by anodizing of aluminium under square-wave current profile in sulfuric acid electrolyte. Fabry–Pérot optical interference of the porous film at different incident angles is used for the calculation of the wavelength dispersion of the effective refractive index of anodic alumina. The influence of the number of layers in anodic alumina photonic crystals on the intensity of photonic band gap and colour of oxide coating is discussed.

One-Dimensional Photonic SiO2–TiO2 Crystals: Simulation and Synthesis by Sol–Gel Technology Methods

The approach to synthesize one-dimensional photonic SiO2–TiO2 crystals by sol–gel methods is developed. Using the method of transfer matrices, structures consisting of 13 layers of alternating materials having the properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals with the minimal transmission coefficient of 7% in the photonic band gap range and that of 97.5% in the remaining spectrum parts are calculated and experimentally created. The positions of the photonic band gaps change along with the thicknesses of the layers of the materials composing the photonic crystal. The possibility of creating an optical filter as a result of introducing a structural defect in the form of a layer of doubled thickness is demonstrated.

Tunable properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals that incorporate a defect layer of a magnetized plasma

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the transmittance characteristics of one-dimensional defective photonic crystal in microwave radiations based on the fundamentals of the characteristic matrix method. Here, the defect layer is magnetized plasma. The numerical results show the appearance of defect peaks inside the Photonic Band Gap. The external magnetic field has a significant effect on the permittivity of the defect layer. Therefore, the position and intensity of the defect peak are strongly affected by the external magnetic field. Moreover, we have investigated the different parameters on the defect peaks as the plasma density, the thickness of the plasma layer and the angle of incidence. Wherefore, the proposed structure could be the cornerstone for many applications in microwave regions such as narrowband filters.

Observations of cavity polaritons in one-dimensional photonic crystals containing a liquid-crystalline semiconductor based on perylene bisimide units.

We investigated the optical transmission properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PC) microcavity structures containing the liquid-crystalline (LC) perylene tetracarboxylic bisimide (PTCBI) derivative. We fabricated the microcavity structures for this study by two different methods and observed the cavity polaritons successfully in both samples. For one sample, since the PTCBI molecules were aligned in the cavity layer of the 1D-PC by utilizing a friction transfer method, vacuum Rabi splitting energy was strongly dependent on the polarization of the incident light produced by the peculiar optical features of the LC organic semiconductor. For the other sample, we did not utilize the friction transfer method and did not observe such polarization dependence. However, we did observe a relatively large Rabi splitting energy of 187 meV, probably due to the improvement of optical confinement effect.

The Effect of Incident Angle and Filling Factor on Dispersion Properties of Different Structures of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

In this paper, we applied the transfer matrix method in conjunction with the Bloch theorem to study the dispersion properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals made by TiO2/ GaAs and TiO2/ MgF2. The effects of filling factor and incident angle on photonic gap map are investigated for both TE and TM polarizations. It is found that location, number, and width of the photonic gap are affected significantly by the filling factor and incident angle of the structure. Results are compared with published data and are found to be in good agreement.

Optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals containing graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials

The transmission properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal made of alternate layers of an isotropic ordinary dielectric and a graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial are studied theoretically using the transfer matrix method. The metamaterial layers show hyperbolic dispersion in certain frequency range and are considered as an anisotropic effective medium in which the optical axis is normal to the graphene layers. It is shown that the structure has some photonic band gaps in both the hyperbolic and elliptical frequency regions of the hyperbolic metamaterial layers, which are tunable by changing the chemical potential of the graphene monolayers. Moreover, the characteristics of the transverse-magnetic (TM)-polarized photonic band gaps remarkably depend on the orientation of the optical axis of the hyperbolic metamaterial layers. It is found that the electric field intensity of the propagating modes from the hyperbolic metamaterial frequency region is concentrated in the high-index isotropic layers and the electric field intensity of the propagating modes from the elliptical frequency region is concentrated in the low-index anisotropic layers.

Optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals obtained by micromatchining silicon (a review)

The theoretical and experimental investigations of photonic band gaps in one-dimensional photonic crystals created by micromatchining silicon, which have been performed by the author as part of his doctoral dissertation, are presented. The most important result of the work is the development of a method of modeling photonic crystals based on photonic band gap maps plotted in structure–property coordinates, which can be used with any optical materials and in any region of electromagnetic radiation, and also for nonperiodic structures. This method made it possible to realize the targeted control of the optical contrast of photonic crystals and to predict the optical properties of optical heterostructures and three-component and composite photonic crystals. The theoretical findings were experimentally implemented using methods of micromatchining silicon, which can be incorporated into modern technological lines for the production of microchips. In the IR spectra of a designed and a fabricated optical heterostructure (a composite photonic crystal), extended bands with high reflectivities were obtained. In a Si-based three-component photonic crystal, broad transmission bands and photonic band gaps in the middle IR region have been predicted and experimentally demonstrated for the first time. Si–liquid crystal periodic structures with electric-field tunable photonic band-gap edges have been investigated. The one-dimensional photonic crystals developed based on micromatchining silicon can serve as a basis for creating components of optical processors, as well as highly sensitive chemical and biological sensors in a wide region of the IR spectrum (from 1 to 20 μm) for lab-on-a-chip applications.

Analysis of Reflectance Properties in 1D Photonic Crystal Containing Metamaterial and High-Temperature Superconductor

In the present work, reflectance properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) containing a metamaterial and high-temperature superconductor have been investigated theoretically and analyzed. The reflectance/transmittance spectrum of the proposed structure is obtained by using the characteristic or transfer-matrix method (TMM). The results show that by increasing the thickness of the metamaterial layer, the width of the second reflection band decreases while the width of the first reflection band remains almost the same though it shifts towards the higher frequency side. In addition to this, a new band gap arises in the lower side of frequency. But, when the thickness of the superconductor layer is increased, the width of both the bands increases and no additional band arises in this case. Moreover, the reflection band is also affected by varying the operating temperature of the superconducting layer and the results show that bands get narrower by increasing the operating temperature. Finally, the effect of incident angle on the reflection band has been discussed for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations.

Tunable Multiple Fano Resonances in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Containing Multiple Superconductor

We investigated the optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of multiple different superconductor materials altogether theoretically by transfer matrix method. The number of Fano resonances generated in transmittance spectra depends on the number of different superconductor materials incorporated in the structure of photonic crystal. The Fano resonances are very sharp and sensitive to the varying parameters. The line profile of multiple Fano resonances in transmission spectra can be tuned by varying the thickness of the layers, the angle of incidence, and the temperature of superconductor photonic crystal. The tunable characteristic of multiple Fano resonances has potential application in bistable optical devices, switches, and sensors.