Properties Of Joints Research Articles

Static failure of hybrid bolted-bonded composite joints in hygrothermal environment

Hygrothermal environment has a significant impact on the safety and reliability of hybrid bolted-bonded composite joints. This study aims to investigate the effects of hygrothermal environment and geometrical parameters on the mechanical properties of hybrid bolted-bonded joints. In this paper, through the static tensile test and SEM scanning electron microscopy of hybrid bolted-bonded joints with different end-to-diameter ratios ( E/D) and width-to-diameter ratios ( W/D) under room temperature dry (RTD) and elevated temperature wet (ETW) environments, the change rule of the static strength of the joint and the macro-micro failure form are obtained. A finite element model of the hybrid bolted-bonded joint was established to obtain the initial stress distribution states of different layups and adhesive layers of laminates. The results indicate that the ultimate load of the hybrid bolted-bonded joint increases with the increase of E/D and W/D within a certain range. The ETW environment significantly reduces the ultimate load of hybrid joints. SEM scanning electron microscopy revealed that the compression damage of laminates in the ETW environment was aggravated. The hole edges exhibited an obvious state of matrix fracture and collapse. In the thickness direction, there was an increase in fiber breakage and debonding in the 90° fiber orientation, accompanied by more resin debris.

Investigation of the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Sn-Cu-Bi-In-Ni Solders.

The development of Ag-free Sn solders has attracted significant attention due to the requirement of high-density electronic packaging. In this study, we investigate the Ni element on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Ag-free Sn-Cu-Bi-In solders. This paper details the microstructures and phases of the as-prepared Sn-Cu-Bi-In-Ni solders, as well as its mechanical properties. Specifically, the intermetallic compound (IMC) Cu6Sn5 is observed to be distributed in the Sn matrix, forming near-eutectic structures. The incorporation of Ni into Sn-Cu-Bi-In enhances the mechanical properties of the solder joints, including the shear strength and vibrational stability. In the joint obtained using the as-prepared Sn-Cu-Bi-In-Ni solders, a (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC layer forms at the interface between Sn ball and Cu pad. The beneficial effects of Ni can be primarily attributed to its ability to adjust the mechanical properties and thermal expansion, enhancing the stability of solder joints. A TEM analysis reveals the closely packed atomic interface of Cu/(Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and (Cu,Ni)6Sn5/Sn, elucidating the joining mechanism involved.

Keabsahan Status Wakaf Tanah Harta Bersama Tanpa Persetujuan Salah Satu Pihak Perspektif Hukum Islam

A husband or wife cannot take legal action against jointly owned property without the consent of each party, including in the case of donating jointly owned land. Because land acquired during the marriage period is a type of joint property. The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the validity of the waqf status of jointly owned land without the consent of one of the parties and the position of husband and wife as wakif in the waqf of land jointly owned by the late Muhammad Yusuf Harahap who donated a plot of land, which was then built on top of a mosque, namely the Nurul Iman mosque with proof of ownership certificate number 146, located in Timbang Deli sub-district, Medan Amplas District. However, the wife of the late Muhammad Yusuf Harahap, namely Mrs. Maimunah Dalimunthe, did not agree to the endowment and did not participate in ratifying the deed in lieu of the waqf pledge deed No. W.3/01/XI of 1993 before the official who made the land pledge deed for Medan Amplas sub-district. Of course this is contrary to law no. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage article 36 paragraph (1) concerning joint property, husband and wife can act with the consent of both parties. This research is based on field research with the approach used is descriptive-qualitative. The results of this research show that the validity of the waqf status of jointly owned land without the consent of one of the parties is not just a legal act that gives rise to legal consequences. But it is also an activity that originates from the law itself. In Islamic law, husband and wife have an equal position regarding joint assets, and decisions regarding these assets must be taken jointly. Waqf for joint assets must have the approval of both parties.

Analysis of the Criminal Law Implications on the Sale of Marital Property Prior to the Agreement on Joint Property Division in Indonesia

The application of law regarding the embezzlement of marital property after divorce in Indonesia faces significant challenges. Marital property, regulated under the Civil Code and Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, often becomes a subject of dispute when one party sells it without the consent of the other. This event is not always categorized as a criminal act of embezzlement, leading to legal uncertainty and harming the affected party, particularly women. This study adopts a juridical-normative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through literature review and documentation of legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The findings reveal that the application of criminal law to embezzlement of marital property still has significant shortcomings. Although Articles 35 and 36 of Law No. 1 of 1974 regulate joint consent in the use of marital property, criminal sanctions are not consistently enforced. Regulations in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) emphasize the importance of proving the status of the property and the obligations of spouses in division. Legal uncertainty in the application of criminal sanctions for cases of embezzlement of marital property indicates the need for reform. Strengthening the definition of criminal acts and applying a clearer principle of justice are necessary to ensure fair protection of all parties' rights.

Effect of welding heat input on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of welded joints of 1000 MPa steel for hydropower engineering

Effect of welding heat input on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of welded joints of 1000 MPa steel for hydropower engineering

Investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints of PBF-LB/IN718 to AISI 316L by laser welding

Investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints of PBF-LB/IN718 to AISI 316L by laser welding

Absorption of Islamic Law in National Law: Analysis of Law No. 1 of 1974 and KHI on Marriage

The absorption of Islamic law into national law in Indonesia is the result of a compromise between sharia principles and the prevailing positive legal system. One form of this is Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), which regulates the legal aspects of marriage for Muslims. However, the implementation of these two regulations in various regions show variations, especially in determining the rights and obligations of husband and wife, including in terms of joint property. Cultural diversity and different legal interpretations often affect the application of this law, so an in-depth analysis is needed regarding the extent to which Islamic law has been absorbed into national law. This study aims to examine the implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 and KHI in the context of Islamic marriage law, with a focus on the dynamics of the application of joint property. This study uses a qualitative method with a statute approach, a case approach, a comparative approach, and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that although Islamic law has been accommodated in the national legal system, its application still faces challenges, especially related to differences in interpretation by judges and the community in judicial practice. In addition, social and cultural factors also influence the implementation of provisions regarding joint property in marriage. In conclusion, although Law No. 1 of 1974 and the KHI have adopted the principles of Islamic law, harmonization and uniformity of application are still challenges that need further attention to create better legal certainty.

Impact of various nanoparticles on mechanical properties and wear resistance in IN625-AISI316 friction stir welded dissimilar joints

PurposeThe increasing demand for advanced materials in structural applications requires components that can withstand diverse load conditions while offering a combination of mechanical properties to improve overall performance. Dissimilar material joints, such as those between IN625 and AISI316, offer promising potential due to their unique properties. However, achieving reliable and high-performing joints between dissimilar materials remains a challenge, particularly in maintaining strength, wear resistance and hardness under varying conditions. The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of friction stir welded dissimilar joints between IN625 and AISI316 alloys using nanoparticles.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines the mechanical properties of friction stir welded (FSW) dissimilar joints between IN625 and AISI316 alloys, with and without reinforcement by Al2O3 and TiO2 particles. The tensile strength, wear rate, coefficient of friction, microhardness and compressive strength of these joints were evaluated and compared to the base materials.FindingsResults showed that the FSW process significantly improved the mechanical properties, with the particle-reinforced joints outperforming the non-reinforced ones. In particular, the IN625-AISI316/Al2O3 joint exhibited the highest tensile strength (690 MPa), lowest wear rate (1.92 × 10³ mm³/m) and the lowest friction coefficient (0.32). Microhardness testing revealed that the weld nugget (WN) region displayed the highest hardness (227 HV) due to grain refinement. The compressive strength of the IN625-AISI316/Al2O3 joint reached 1,583 MPa, the highest among all samples tested. These findings demonstrate the potential of using particle-reinforced FSW dissimilar joints for applications requiring superior mechanical performance, durability and wear resistance.Originality/valueThis study explores the enhanced mechanical and wear properties of FSW dissimilar joints between IN625 and AISI316 alloys, with and without Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticle reinforcements. Reinforced joints, particularly IN625-AISI316/Al2O3, showed superior tensile strength, wear resistance, hardness and compressive strength compared to non-reinforced ones. Grain refinement in the WN region contributed to increased hardness. These findings suggest that nanoparticle-reinforced FSW dissimilar joints can significantly improve durability and mechanical performance, making them ideal for demanding structural applications.

The effect of PWHT on the mechanical properties of HHA 500 armor steel welds

Armor steels are produced to protect against any explosions and armed attacks. In addition, high hardness armor (HHA) steels have excellent ballistic properties due to their hardness and strength. Choosing the correct welding method and providing optimum heat input when joining armor steels is very important in order to obtain the desired properties. Additionally, unwanted residual stresses occur after welding. It can be relieved by post-weld heat treatments (PWHT). This research aims to investigate the effect of PWHT on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Bisalloy HHA500 armor steel welded with gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The Bisalloy HHA500 series armor steels were joined with the automated GMAW method at optimized welding parameters through preliminary experimental tests. After welding processes, PWHT was applied at 650°C for 1 hour. In order to determine the mechanical properties of both as-welded and PWHT joints, tensile, bending, and Charpy-notch impact tests were performed. The microstructure investigation and hardness measurements were carried out. As a result of PWHT, an increase in the Charpy-notch impact strength by 16% was detected.

Symbolic Regression for the Determination of Joint Roughness Coefficient

In this study, a novel symbolic regression-based empirical equation has been developed to compute the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) value based on the statistical parameters of rock joints. The symbolic regression was adopted to map the nonlinear function, which represents the relation between the JRC and statistical parameters of the rock joint, based on the collected rock joint dataset. It is not necessary to presume the mathematical function form of the empirical equation, which is used to fit the rock joint data while using symbolic regression. The collected rock joint samples from the literature were used to investigate and illustrate the developed symbolic regression-based empirical equation. The performance of the developed empirical equation was compared to the traditional empirical equation. The results show that the generalization performance of the developed empirical equation is better than the traditional empirical equation. They proved that the symbolic regression-based empirical equation characterized the roughness property of rock joints well and that symbolic regression could be used to capture the complex and nonlinear relationship between JRC and the statistical parameters of rock joints. The developed symbolic regression-based empirical equation provides a scientific and excellent tool to estimate the JRC value of rock joints.

Estimation of relevant shear properties of adhesive joints through analytical modeling of experimental torsion tests

ABSTRACT The paper investigates the response of different adhesives joints under torsional loading. The stiffness and strength characteristics of the adhesives joints are estimated by fitting adaptable piecewise linear models with the experimental results of torsion tests. Efficient fitting techniques are adopted to estimate model parameters and effectively quantify relevant shear properties of the adhesive joints under test. The proposed experimental-analytical procedure represents a valid alternative to the conventional bending and shear tests reported in the literature: with respect to the bending tests, the torsion test yields more accurate results because it induces a pure shear stress rather than a complex bending-shear stress state; the torsion test is also easier to be performed with respect to the shear test, which requires testing fixtures that may locally affect the experimental results.

Multiscale correlations between joint and tissue-specific biomechanics and anatomy in postmortem ovine stifles

Joint stability depends on various properties that include the bone anatomy, joint capsule geometry and stiffness, and soft tissues within. The multiscale biomechanical relationships between the whole joint and individual tissues are useful in estimating the physiological condition of the knee. To better understand these relationships, we evaluated multiple structural and mechanical parameters in healthy ovine stifles, specifically joint laxity, joint morphology, individual tissue T2* relaxation and mechanical properties of ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL), patellar tendon, menisci, and cartilage. By combining mechanical testing at two length scales and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, we quantify the strength of correlation coefficients between measured metrics, among joint size, whole joint and individual tissue properties. We observe positive correlations between joint laxity forces and the inter-epicondylar distance. Further, the viscoelastic properties of the tendons and ligaments correlate positively with joint laxity forces; however, no such correlations were observed for the cartilage and menisci. We also found weak inverse correlation between tissue viscoelasticity and T2* for MCL; and positive correlations for cartilage and menisci, LCL and PCL respectively. These results provide useful insights into the role of individual tissues that are crucial in measuring whole joint responses as key indicators of knee health.

Effect of Laser-CMT Hybrid Welding Parameters on Microstructures and Properties of Dual Phase Medium Manganese Steel Welding Joint

Effect of Laser-CMT Hybrid Welding Parameters on Microstructures and Properties of Dual Phase Medium Manganese Steel Welding Joint

Friction Coefficient Evolution of Drying Lubricant in the Joints of Beetles by Friction Force Microscopy

Recent studies suggest that the joints of beetles and other insects comprise micro-structured surfaces in combination with lubricants. Here, we utilize friction force microscopy (FFM) to analyse the tribological properties of the femoro-tibial leg joints by the example of Coelorrhina aurata (metallic green flower beetle) and Otiorhynchus sulcatus (black vine weevil). To preserve the original state of the lubricant as well as the microstructures, the FFM measurements were conducted in silicone oil, which satisfies our requirements of transparency, customizable viscosity, absent health risks and lower density compared to the expected density of the lubricant. Microscopic friction was measured on fresh and air-dried samples to stress the change of the lubricant properties over time. Despite the similarity of the two beetle joints, the FFM measurements reveal different frictional properties of the respective lubricants.

Machine Learning Approach for Optimal Parameter Estimation in Vibratory Welding

Vibratory treatment during welding process is proved to reduce residual stresses in the weld joint and improve mechanical properties. But optimal setting of vibration parameters such as frequency, amplitude and time is essential to obtain maximum improvement strength of the joint. Identification of such optimal parameter set through series of experimentation is very critical due to severe consumption of resources. The research is aimed to identify optimal setting of parameters through machine learning approach for the welding of SS304 in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Supervised learning is preferred to run in the convolution neural networks (CNN) by feeding the algorithm with essential data about the mechanical properties. The response is observed for varying the frequency of workpiece, electrode at different voltages as the time kept constant and amplitude found with adverse-affect over weld strength. The observed readings are tested through experimental investigation and confirmed the response in mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness are obtained within the acceptable range of deviation. Microstructural characterization is performed to record the evidence over the grain refinement to support the maximum enhancement in mechanical properties of weld joint.

Unravelling the influence of CMT characteristic parameters on process stability and joint properties in dissimilar aluminium-steel weld-brazing

Unravelling the influence of CMT characteristic parameters on process stability and joint properties in dissimilar aluminium-steel weld-brazing

Microstructure and mechanical properties of GH3535 superalloy joints using keyhole TIG welding

Microstructure and mechanical properties of GH3535 superalloy joints using keyhole TIG welding

Study on the rational construction methods and mechanical properties of composite beams in transverse negative bending moment zones

Study on the rational construction methods and mechanical properties of composite beams in transverse negative bending moment zones

Effect of brazing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC ceramic joint with Zr-Cu-Nb filler metal

Effect of brazing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC ceramic joint with Zr-Cu-Nb filler metal

Analysis of microsturcture evolution and mechanical properties in zirconia ceramic joints brazed by bismuth based glass

Analysis of microsturcture evolution and mechanical properties in zirconia ceramic joints brazed by bismuth based glass