Properties Of Bi Research Articles

Impact of Ca(BO2)2 Doping on High-Tc Phase Formation and Transport Properties of Bi(Pb)-2223 Superconductor

Proper Doping of a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) Bi(Pb)-2223 is an effective route to prepare Bi(Pb)-2223 HTS with enhanced transport characteristics. In this paper, we studied the impact of Ca(BO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> doping on high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> phase formation kinetics and transport critical current density of Bi(Pb)-2223. Samples with a nominal composition of Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.7</sub> Pb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Ca <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2-x</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> [Ca(BO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ] <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> , x = 0 −0.15 were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The phase evolution of the prepared materials was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The resistivity and critical current density were measured by the standard four-probe method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis (SEM-EDX) was used to examine the microstructure and elemental composition of samples. The obtained results show that Ca(BO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> doping leads to the promotion of the high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> phase formation and enhancement of the transport critical current density ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J_c)</i> in Bi(Pb)-2223 HTS.

Sintering and microwave dielectric properties of Ba1−xCaxNi2V2O8 ceramics for LTCC applications

Sintering and microwave dielectric properties of Ba1−xCaxNi2V2O8 ceramics for LTCC applications

Effect of the substitution of titanium by niobium on the structural, electric and modulus properties in Ba0.97La0.02Ti(1-x)Nb4x/5O3 perovskites

Ba0.97La0.02Ti0.93Nb0.056O3 (illustrious as BLT0.93Nb0.056) novel lead-free sample was elaborated using the molten-salt reaction means. This polycristalline ceramic was checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD) at room-temperature (at RT), as well, the electric measurements over a broad temperature (T) and frequency (f) sequences. XRD pattern revealed a single-perovskite phase crystallized in a tetragonal system with P4/mmm space group. The electrical properties of the compound, deduced from the complex impedance analysis show a strong dependence on frequency (f). The EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) data exhibited an approximately perfect semi-circle at elevated temperature in the complex plane plot as well as a practically ideal non-Debye peak shape in the spectroscopic plot. The semicircle arc specifies the existence of a frequency relaxation (fmax) as well as a time relaxation (τ). These results could help understand the relationship linking the structure and the electrical properties of BLT0.93Nb0.056.

Effect of the doping concentration of Er3+ on ferroelectric properties of Bi4−xErxTi3O12 films

Effect of the doping concentration of Er3+ on ferroelectric properties of Bi4−xErxTi3O12 films

Properties of Bi2O3/epoxy resin–coated composites for protection against gamma rays

In this paper, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) as the main functional powder, lead (Pb) and tantalum (Ta) as the metal additives, epoxy resin as the matrix and polyester–cotton blended woven fabric as the substrate, Bi2O3 coating nuclear radiation protection composite, Bi2O3/Pb coating nuclear radiation protection composite, and Bi2O3/Ta coating nuclear radiation protection composite with different process parameters were prepared. The cross-section scanning analysis and the influence factor analysis of γ-ray protection performance were carried out, and the mechanical properties of the composites were discussed. The results show that an increase in Bi2O3 content (mass fraction) and an increase in coating thickness can improve the shielding rate of the composite materials to γ-rays. When the thickness of the coating is 1.6 mm and the content of Bi2O3 is 50%, the shielding rate of the composite to γ-rays (at 59.5 keV) reaches 46.1%. The shielding rate of the composite can be increased by adding appropriate metal additives, and the effect of adding Ta is better than that of Pb. The shielding rate of the composite to γ-rays (59.5 keV) can be increased from 28.4% to 31.5% by adding 5% Ta. An increase in Bi2O3 content (mass fraction) and an increase in the coating thickness can aggravate the agglomeration of functional particles in the material. The addition of metal additives can reduce agglomeration to a certain extent. Bi2O3 content, coating thickness, and metal additives all have an effect on the mechanical properties of the composite. If the coating is too thick or the functional particle content is too high, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite will be reduced.

Coordination Chemistry and Magnetic Properties of Bi- and Polynuclear Exchange-Coupled Cu(II) and Ni(II) Metal Oximates

Coordination Chemistry and Magnetic Properties of Bi- and Polynuclear Exchange-Coupled Cu(II) and Ni(II) Metal Oximates

The structural and dielectric properties of Bi(Fe0.95Sm0.05)O3 ceramic

This article exhibits that how a polycrystalline Bi(Fe0.95Sm0.05)O3 ceramic was synthesized using Solid-State-Reaction route technique. The structural and dielectric characteristic properties of the ceramic have also been studied. X-Ray Diffraction technique has been used for the identification of single-phase orthorhombic symmetry. It has been observed that the minor substitution of Samarium (i.e. Sm; a rare-earth element) at B-site in Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) suppresses the impurity section formation which is a basic disadvantage in BiFeO3 based ceramics. The grains were found homogeneously spread on the ceramic surface. The detailed investigations of grain and grain boundaries have delivered numerous interesting and useful outcome for the further device applications.

On studying bi-(Gamma)-algebra and some related concepts

The aim of this research paper is to introduce the concept of bi-(Gamma)-algebra space (bi-gamma algebra space). The concept of bi-(mu)-measurable set in a bi-(Gamma)-algebra space is defined. With this concept, some properties of bi-(Gamma)-algebra space are proved. We then define various separation axioms for bi-(Gamma)-algebra space such as (M_{0},M_{1}, M_{2}, M_{3},) and (M_{4}); then the relationships between them are studied. In addition, the concept of measurable function between two bi-measurable spaces is introduced and some results are discussed.

Ultrasonic-driven polycondensation nonaqueous precipitation synthesis of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 ceramics

Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 ceramics have excellent electrical performance and wide applications in sensors, capacitors, dynamic random access memory, and so on. High-quality Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 powders preparation is the premise and basis for obtaining Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 ceramics with excellent properties. Monodispersed Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 powders were synthesized using a novel ultrasonic-driven polycondensation nonaqueous precipitation method with tetrabutyl titanate, anhydrous barium acetate, and anhydrous strontium acetate as precursor materials and glycol as the solvent. Ultrasonic irradiation promotes the polycondensation of raw materials; Ba–O–Ti and Sr–O–Ti bonds form in the precipitate, facilitating low-temperature synthesis of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 at 550 °C. Ultrasonic irradiation also assists in the monodispersing of precipitates and BST powders and low-temperature sintering, and considerable properties of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 ceramics. The Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 powder and ceramic particle sizes are approximately 30–50 nm and 100–150 nm, respectively. The proposed ultrasonic-driven polycondensation nonaqueous precipitation method is expected to be widely used for preparation of ceramic powders.

Influence of Fe2O3 Doping Levels on the Phase Evolution, Microstructure, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ba0.97Ca0.03Ti0.94Sn0.06O3 Ceramics Synthesized via the Solid-State Combustion Technique

Ba0.97Ca0.03Ti0.94Sn0.06O3 ceramics with Fe2O3 doping (BCTS-xFe; x = 0, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004 and 0.005) were synthesized via the solid-state combustion technique. The influence of small amounts of Fe2O3 doping on the phase evolution, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of BCTS ceramics was investigated. We found that increasing Fe2O3 doped content changed the crystal structure from coexisting tetragonal and orthorhombic phases to a pseudo-cubic phase. The grain size, εc and Pr decreased rapidly with increasing Fe2O3 content. Moreover, TO-T and TC moved to lower temperatures and the maximum dielectric constant became significantly reduced with increased Fe2O3 doping. The BCTS ceramics with doped Fe2O3 displayed paramagnetic characteristics.

Energy storage properties in Bi(Mg1/2Sb2/3)O3-doped NaNbO3 lead-free ceramics

Sodium niobate energy storage ceramics with high energy density and efficiency can be used as potential candidate materials for pulse power devices. Doping modification of dielectric ceramic matrixes is an effective means to obtain high performance. The (1-x)NaNbO3-xBi(Mg1/2Sb2/3)O3 ceramics were designed in this work. And 0.85NaNbO3-0.15Bi(Mg1/2Sb2/3)O3 showed a large Wrec of 4.65 J/cm3 at an Eb of 580 kV/cm. Excellent frequency stability of Wrec (1.67–1.7 J/cm3) and η (86%–89.1%) over frequency range of 1–100Hz was observed. Further, good temperature stability of Wrec (1.5–1.71 J/cm3) and η (68%–87%) over abroad temperature range of 20–180 °C was attained successfully. In addition, excellent power density (PD = 113 MW/cm3), large current density (CD = 1255 A/cm2) and discharge speed (0.51μs) were obtained, which demonstrates the great potential practical value of this ceramic in the energy storage applications.

Synthesis and enhanced electromechanical properties of Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3-modified BiFeO3–BaTiO3 piezoceramics by ordinary firing process

Synthesis and enhanced electromechanical properties of Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3-modified BiFeO3–BaTiO3 piezoceramics by ordinary firing process

The influential mechanism of Ti doping on thermoelectric properties of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 alloy

The influential mechanism of Ti doping on thermoelectric properties of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 alloy

Studies of microstructural, dielectric, and impedance spectroscopic properties of Bi0.617Y0.05Cu3Ti4O12 ceramic synthesized through semi-wet route

Studies of microstructural, dielectric, and impedance spectroscopic properties of Bi0.617Y0.05Cu3Ti4O12 ceramic synthesized through semi-wet route

Lead-substituted barium hexaferrite for tunable terahertz optoelectronics

Due to their outstanding dielectric and magnetic properties, hexaferrites are attracting ever-increasing attention for developing electronic components of next-generation communication systems. The complex crystal structure of hexaferrites and the critical dependences of their electric and magnetic properties on external factors, such as magnetic/electric fields, pressure, and doping, open ample opportunities for targeted tuning of these properties when designing specific devices. Here we explored the electromagnetic properties of lead-substituted barium hexaferrite, Ba1−xPbxFe12O19, a compound featuring an extremely rich set of physical phenomena that are inherent in the dielectric and magnetic subsystems and can have a significant effect on its electromagnetic response at terahertz frequencies. We performed the first detailed measurements of the temperature-dependent (5–300 K) dielectric response of single-crystalline Ba1−xPbxFe12O19 in an extremely broad spectral range of 1 Hz–240 THz. We fully analyzed numerous phenomena with a corresponding wide distribution of specific energies that can affect the terahertz properties of the material. The most important fundamental finding is the observation of a ferroelectric-like terahertz excitation with an unusual temperature behavior of its frequency and strength. We suggest microscopic models that explain the origin of the excitation and its nonstandard temperature evolution. Several narrower terahertz excitations are associated with electronic transitions between the fine-structure components of the Fe2+ ground state. The discovered radio-frequency relaxations are attributed to the response of magnetic domains. Gigahertz resonances are presumably of magnetoelectric origin. The obtained data on diverse electromagnetic properties of Ba1−xPbxFe12O19 compounds provide information that makes the entire class of hexaferrites attractive for manufacturing electronic devices for the terahertz range.

Electric Properties of Bi3.25Nd0.75Ti3O12–BiFeO3 Composite Thin Films Derived by a Sol–Gel Process

Ferroelectric Bi3.25Nd0.75Ti3O12 (BNT), BiFeO3 (BFO) and Bi3.25Nd0.75Ti3O12-BiFeO3 (BNT-BFO) composite thin films were deposited onto Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates using the sol–gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to identify the crystal structure, the surface and cross-section morphology of the deposited ferroelectric thin films. Structure evolution and ferroelectric properties of the as prepared thin films annealed under 750 °C were studied in detail. It is found that the leakage current of the entire thin film was effectively reduced by preparing BNT and BFO composite thin films with appropriate thickness ratios to achieve their full advantages, and consequently, significantly improve the ferroelectric properties of the composite thin films.

Effect of structural properties on the vibrational and photoluminescence behavior of Ba0.97Bi0.02Ti0.9Zr0.05Nb0.04O3 ceramics

In this paper, we have reported the vibrational and photoluminescence properties of Ba0.97Bi0.02Ti0.9Zr0.05Nb0.04O3 (BBTZN) polycrystalline perovskite produced via the Molten Salt reaction. The Raman spectrum indicated the chemical disorder in the BBTZN sample, at room temperature. The values optical gap and Urbach energy were evaluated on the basis of the UV–Vis–NIR absorption spectrum. Furthermore, BBTZN compound emitted two peaks at near-infrared light (950 nm and 1040 nm) with 514.5 nm light excitation related to the luminescence of bismuth lower valence states: Bi2+ (2P1/2–X2) and Bi+ (3P0–3P1). The measured activation energy from PL spectra proved that our compound possesses a good thermostability in the temperature range from 10 to 300 K. All the analytical results prove that BBTZN polycrystalline could have some significant potential applications in white luminescent devices.

Chemical precipitation synthesis of Bi0.7Fe0.3OCl nanosheets via Fe (III)-doped BiOCl for highly visible light photocatalytic performance

It remains a challenge to improve the photocatalytic activity of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) under visible light irradiation. In this work, BiOCl was changed by doping iron ions with a simple chemical precipitation method. During fabrication, under acidic conditions (pH = 3), bismuth nitrate and ferric chloride were mixed together and then annealed at 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃ and 550 ℃, respectively. Finally, Bi0.7Fe0.3OCl with uniform doping of Fe (III) was obtained. The properties of Bi0.7Fe0.3OCl samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and UV–vis. Bi0.7Fe0.3OCl nanomaterials synthesized at different temperatures were compared for their photocatalytic performance through investigating the degradation of a dye (Rhodamine B) under visible light. The experimental results showed that doping with Fe (III) can improve the visible light catalytic efficiency of BiOCl. Bi0.7Fe0.3OCl-450 had the best RhB removal rate, reaching 74 % within 3 h, which was about 4.8 times higher than pure BiOCl. This work may provide a promising method for preparing metal-doped BiOCl materials with efficient photocatalytic performance by generating large quantities of electron-holes during the photoreaction process.

Impact of Sr2+ Dopant on Magnetic, Dielectric, and Impedance Properties of Y-Type Hexaferrite

In this paper, we investigate the magnetic, dielectric, and impedance properties of Ba2 − ySryZn2Fe12O22 (y = 0.0–1.5) hexaferrite prepared by solid-state reaction process. The magnetic hysteresis loop suggested that the prepared hexaferrite exhibits room temperature hard ferromagnetic activity. The saturation magnetization (Ms), remanence (Mr), and magneton number (nB) values are decreased with Sr2+ substitutional dopant at the Ba2+ site. On the other hand, Sr2+ doping enhances the β, Ha, and Ke values. The squareness ratio (Mr/Ms) is calculated to be 0.50, indicating the uniaxial anisotropy of BSZFO (y = 0.0–1.5) hexaferrite. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss values increased from 147 to 290 and 0.058 to 0.94, increasing Sr2+substitution from 0.0 to 1.5 at 1 MHz. This study has supported the rise in AC conductivity and decreases DC conductivity with the Sr2+ substitution.

Strong Impact of Cr Doping on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Bi0.5La0.5Fe1−xCrxO3−δ

Strong Impact of Cr Doping on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Bi0.5La0.5Fe1−xCrxO3−δ