Additional Properties Research Articles

Investigation of Radial and Tangential Stresses Occurring in Epoxy (T300) Material Disc with Different Methods

In this study, a composite disc with Epoxy (T300) material was considered. It is possible to come across different studies to examine the stress field on disks rotating or stationary under thermal loads. Discs play a vital role in the assembly of machine parts in industry. Knowing the behavior of machine parts against temperature allows very good data to be transferred to today’s artificial intelligence world. Epoxy materials are very important today. Epoxies are made up of very strong fibers. They are used in unmanned aerial vehicles, spacecraft and the rocket industry. In addition, their maximum and minimum hardening properties, good adhesion properties and wear resistance are also quite high. In this study, an Epoxy disk (T300) subjected to linear increasing temperature was modeled. The stresses obtained on the discs were determined by different methods. As can be seen from the results, for a temperature of 150 °C, the average stress, strain and compression occurring sequentially in the inner and outer regions of the disk acts as 215.06 and –443.90 MPa. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that there are parallel increases in stresses as the temperature increases, and this can be proven by other different studies in the literature.

A strength and sparsity preserving algorithm for generating weighted, directed networks with predetermined assortativity

Degree-preserving rewiring is a widely used technique for generating unweighted networks with given assortativity, but for weighted networks, it is unclear how an analog would preserve the strengths and other critical network features such as sparsity level. This study introduces a novel approach for rewiring weighted networks to achieve desired directed assortativity. The method utilizes a mixed integer programming framework to establish a target network with predetermined assortativity coefficients, followed by an efficient rewiring algorithm termed “strength and sparsity preserving rewiring” (SSPR). SSPR retains the node strength distributions and network sparsity after rewiring. It is also possible to accommodate additional properties like edge weight distribution, albeit with extra computational cost. The optimization scheme can be used to determine feasible assortativity ranges for an initial network. The effectiveness of the proposed SSPR algorithm is demonstrated through its application to two classes of popular network models.

Two-Dimensional SiH/g-C3N4 van der Waals Type-II Heterojunction Photocatalyst: A New Effective and Promising Photocatalytic Material

The two-dimensional layered heterostructure have been demonstrated as an effective method for achieving efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. In this work, we propose, for the first time, the creation of van der Waals heterostructures from monolayers of SiH and g-C3N4 using first-principle calculations. We also systematically investigated additional properties for the first time, such as the electronic structure and optical behavior of van der Waals heterostructures composed of SiH and g-C3N4 monolayers. The results of this study show that the SiH/g-C3N4 heterostructure is categorized as a type-II heterostructure, which has a bandgap of 2.268 eV. Furthermore, the SiH/g-C3N4 heterostructure interface was observed to efficiently separate and transfer photogenerated charges, resulting in an enhanced photocatalytic redox performance. Moreover, the calculation of HOMO (Highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (Least unoccupied molecular orbital) and charge density difference can further confirm that the SiH/g-C3N4 heterojunction is a type-II heterojunction, which has excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production and water decomposition performance. In addition, the SiH/g-C3N4 heterostructure exhibited excellent HER (Hydrogen evolution reaction) efficiency. This is essential for the process of photocatalytic water splitting. In SiH/g-C3N4 heterojunctions, the redox potential required for water splitting is spanned by the band edge potential. Calculating the absorption spectra, it was discovered that the SiH/g-C3N4 heterostructure possesses outstanding optical properties within the visible-light range, implying its high efficiency in photocatalytic hydrogen production. This research provides a broader research direction for the investigation of novel efficient photocatalysts and offers effective theoretical guidance for future efficient photocatalysts.

Tribological Properties of h-BN, Ag and MgO Nanostructures as Lubricant Additives in Vegetable Oils

There exists an ever-growing need for sustainable engineering solutions to improve emission control and the energy efficiency of tribosystems. This study examines the tribological properties of two environmentally friendly vegetable fluids, soybean and sunflower oil, with the addition of three non-toxic nanostructures (h-BN, silver and MgO) at different concentrations. It was found that nanostructures added to vegetable oils at specific concentrations can exhibit good friction reduction and wear preventive properties. The addition of h-BN nanosheets in sunflower oil decreased the coefficient of friction and the wear damage, as measured by the wear scar diameter. Silver and magnesium oxide nanoparticles further reduced the friction and wear, respectively. In addition to the tribological testing of the samples, investigations were performed using an optical microscope, SEM and EDX to elucidate the mechanisms that may have led to the observed friction reduction and wear-preventive properties of different nanostructure additives. The thermophysical properties of the samples were also measured. It was found that the thermal conductivity of both base oils could be enhanced by 24% when using h-BN at 0.25 wt% concentration.

Study on the Arc Additive Manufacturing Process and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 625 Nickel-Based Alloy Bulk

_ The melt-inert gas-shielded arc additive manufacturing experiment of Inconel 625 nickel-based alloy bulk was carried out. The influence of current mode, current, travel speed, weld bead spacing, deposition path, and arc length on the formation of overlapping weld beads was studied. The incomplete fusion near the bottom weld toe of adjacent weld beads was the main defect. The optimized parameters for bulk additive manufacturing obtained from the experiment were as follows: pulse current of 70 A, travel speed of 200 mm/min, weld bead spacing of 3 mm, dry extension of 10 mm, continuous deposition, and arc length of 1 mm. Due to the thermal influence during the deposition of adjacent weld beads, directional grains were formed inside the weld bead and at the boundary with adjacent weld beads. However, the direction of grain growth was not uniform throughout the entire weld bead, and a consistent texture of the entire weld bead was not formed. The tensile strengths of the specimens in the X, Y, and Z directions were 858.5, 838.7, and 827.2 MPa, respectively, and the fracture elongations were 53.3%, 37.6%, and 42.1%, respectively. The strength in the Z direction, which is the vertical direction, was the lowest. Keywords arc additive manufacturing; nickel-based alloy; incomplete fusion; texture

Self‐assembly and cross‐linking preparation of tilapia‐skin‐derived collagen/alginate hydrogels for efficient wound repairing

AbstractCollagen (Col)‐based composite hydrogels have attracted wide attention because of the additional properties that the second component brings to the hydrogel. Here we reported self‐assembly of collagen and cross‐linking of alginate with Ca2+ to prepare a novel composite hydrogel with Tilapia‐skin‐derived collagen and alginate for efficient wound repairing as the wound dressing. The composite hydrogels exhibited higher water content, coupled with a significant increase in water retention rates upon the incorporation of alginate. As the concentration of alginate rose, the cross‐linking network became tighter, thereby not only modifying the internal structure of the hydrogel but also enhancing its mechanical strength. Moreover, the collagen degradation rate in the composite hydrogels was greatly reduced through addition of alginate, and the collagen‐alginate composite hydrogels exhibited low cytotoxicity, and improved wound healing efficacy, accelerating the maturation of skin attachments and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These results suggested that the composite hydrogel formed by fish‐derived collagen and alginate held promising potential as a wound dressing for challenging and refractory wounds.

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation for Reaction-Induced Phase Separation of Thermoset/Thermoplastic Blends.

Reaction-induced phase separation occurs during the curing reaction when a thermoplastic resin is dissolved in a thermoset resin, which enables toughening of the thermoset resin. As resin properties vary significantly depending on the morphology of the phase-separated structure, controlling the morphology formation is of critical importance. Reaction-induced phase separation is a phenomenon that ranges from the chemical reaction scale to the mesoscale dynamics of polymer molecules. In this study, we performed curing simulations using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) coupled with a reaction model to reproduce reaction-induced phase separation. The curing reaction properties of the thermoset resin were determined by ab initio quantum chemical calculations, and the DPD parameters were determined by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. This enabled mesoscopic simulations, including reactions that reflect the intrinsic material properties. The effects of the thermoplastic resin concentration, molecular weight, and curing conditions on the phase-separation morphology were evaluated, and the cure shrinkage and stiffness of each cured resin were confirmed to be consistent with the experimental trends. Furthermore, the local strain field under tensile deformation was visualized, and the inhomogeneous strain field caused by the phase-separated structures of two resins with different stiffnesses was revealed. These results can aid in understanding the toughening properties of thermoplastic additives at the molecular level.

Alkali Containing Layered Metal Oxides as Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

AbstractImproving the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential to realise energy systems based on water electrolysis. Many catalysts have been developed for the OER to date, with iridium‐based oxides being the most promising due to their relative stability towards corrosion in acidic electrolytes under oxidising potentials. In recent years, examples of catalysts adopting layered structures have been shown to have promising characteristics such as higher conductivity and higher electrochemically active surface area compared to highly crystalline metal oxides. Furthermore, such materials possess additional tuneable properties such as interlayer spacing, identity and concentration of the interlayer species, edge and interlayer active sites, and higher active surface area. Recent attention has focused on mono‐ and polymetallic lithium‐containing layered materials, where the presence of interlayer lithium cations, in situ delithiation processes and combinations of transition metal oxides result in enhanced catalytic properties towards OER. This review aims to provide a summary of the recent developments of such layered materials, in which lithium or other alkali metal ions occupy interlayer sites in oxides.

Hippocampome.org 2.0 is a knowledge base enabling data-driven spiking neural network simulations of rodent hippocampal circuits.

Hippocampome.org is a mature open-access knowledge base of the rodent hippocampal formation focusing on neuron types and their properties. Previously, Hippocampome.org v1.0 established a foundational classification system identifying 122 hippocampal neuron types based on their axonal and dendritic morphologies, main neurotransmitter, membrane biophysics, and molecular expression (Wheeler et al., 2015). Releases v1.1 through v1.12 furthered the aggregation of literature-mined data, including among others neuron counts, spiking patterns, synaptic physiology, in vivo firing phases, and connection probabilities. Those additional properties increased the online information content of this public resource over 100-fold, enabling numerous independent discoveries by the scientific community. Hippocampome.org v2.0, introduced here, besides incorporating over 50 new neuron types, now recenters its focus on extending the functionality to build real-scale, biologically detailed, data-driven computational simulations. In all cases, the freely downloadable model parameters are directly linked to the specific peer-reviewed empirical evidence from which they were derived. Possible research applications include quantitative, multiscale analyses of circuit connectivity and spiking neural network simulations of activity dynamics. These advances can help generate precise, experimentally testable hypotheses and shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying associative memory and spatial navigation.

Hippocampome.org 2.0 is a knowledge base enabling data-driven spiking neural network simulations of rodent hippocampal circuits

Hippocampome.org is a mature open-access knowledge base of the rodent hippocampal formation focusing on neuron types and their properties. Previously, Hippocampome.org v1.0 established a foundational classification system identifying 122 hippocampal neuron types based on their axonal and dendritic morphologies, main neurotransmitter, membrane biophysics, and molecular expression (Wheeler et al., 2015). Releases v1.1 through v1.12 furthered the aggregation of literature-mined data, including among others neuron counts, spiking patterns, synaptic physiology, in vivo firing phases, and connection probabilities. Those additional properties increased the online information content of this public resource over 100-fold, enabling numerous independent discoveries by the scientific community. Hippocampome.org v2.0, introduced here, besides incorporating over 50 new neuron types, now recenters its focus on extending the functionality to build real-scale, biologically detailed, data-driven computational simulations. In all cases, the freely downloadable model parameters are directly linked to the specific peer-reviewed empirical evidence from which they were derived. Possible research applications include quantitative, multiscale analyses of circuit connectivity and spiking neural network simulations of activity dynamics. These advances can help generate precise, experimentally testable hypotheses and shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying associative memory and spatial navigation.

Effect of apricot kernel seed extract on biophysical properties of chitosan film for packaging applications

Chitosan is a natural biodegradable biopolymer that has drawbacks in mechanical and antibacterial properties, limiting its usage in biological and medicinal fields. Chitosan is combined with other naturally occurring substances possessing biological antibacterial qualities in order to broaden its application. Ethanolic apricot kernel seed extract was prepared, analyzed, and incorporated into chitosan film with different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 wt%). Furthermore, the effect of AKSE and γ-radiation (20 Gy and 20 kGy) on the physical properties of the film was studied. The prepared films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed that AKSE did not cause any change in the molecular structure, whereas the γ-irradiation dose caused a decrease in the peak intensity of all concentrations except 0.75 wt%, which was the most resistant. In addition, their dielectric, optical, and antimicrobial properties were studied. Also, AKSE-enhanced optical qualities, allowed them to fully block light transmission at wavelengths of 450–600 nm. The dielectric properties, i.e., permittivity (ε′), dielectric loss (ε′′), and electrical conductivity (σ), increased with increasing AKSE concentration and film irradiation. The antimicrobial studies revealed that the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Canodida albicans increased with AKSE incorporation.

Tuning Modal Behavior of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures

Abstract Thanks to the increasingly widespread additive manufacturing technology and promising properties, the use of lattice structures (LS) is becoming increasingly frequent. LS allows the components to be designed with tunable stiffness, which can unlock the control of natural frequencies. However, crucial challenges must be faced to integrate LS into the typical design process. In this work, an experimental and numerical study of LS-enabled tuning of natural frequencies in mechanical components are proposed. In a first step, the difficulties arising with the large amount of finite element method (FEM) nodes, that are required to predict LS complex shapes in detail, are overcome by modeling LS with an elastic metamaterial whose stiffness properties are determined through ad hoc finite element analyses. After that, a simplified investigation can be conducted on the modal properties of components with fixed external shape and variable internal LS filling, based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) lattices. In those conditions, the parameters of the LS core can be tuned to control and optimize the global modal frequencies of the entire geometry. In addition, the admissible range of frequencies can be estimated. Optimized plates results are validated through an experimental test campaign on additively manufactured specimens made with laser powder bed fusion technology. The samples are hammer-tested with various boundary conditions while laser sensors measure the oscillation data of selected points. Finally, estimated and identified natural frequencies were compared. The described model is suitable to be implemented in an automated tool for designers.

Sirtuins in kidney health and disease.

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are putative regulators of lifespan in model organisms. Since the initial discovery that SIRTs could promote longevity in nematodes and flies, the identification of additional properties of these proteins has led to understanding of their roles as exquisite sensors that link metabolic activity to oxidative states. SIRTs have major roles in biological processes that are important in kidney development and physiological functions, including mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, autophagy, DNA repair and inflammation. Furthermore, altered SIRT activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of acute and chronic kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases and renal ageing. The renoprotective roles of SIRTs in these diseases make them attractive therapeutic targets. A number of SIRT-activating compounds have shown beneficial effects in kidney disease models; however, further research is needed to identify novel SIRT-targeting strategies with the potential to treat and/or prevent the progression of kidney diseases and increase the average human healthspan.

Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Photocrosslinkable Chitosan Inks.

Photocuring of chitosan has shown great promise in the extrusion-based 3D printing of scaffolds for advanced biomedical and tissue engineering applications. However, the poor mechanical stability of methacrylated chitosan photocuring ink restricts its applicability. The inclusion of co-networks by means of simultaneous polycomplex formation is an effective method by which to solve this drawback, but the formed hydrogel inks are not printable. This work aims to develop new photocurable chitosan inks based on the simultaneous photocrosslinking of methacrylated chitosan (CHIMe) with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and acrylic acid to be applied in extrusion 3D printing. Interestingly, the polycomplex co-network corresponding to the acrylic-acid-based ink could be successfully printed by the here-presented simultaneous photocuring strategy. Further, the conversion of photocrosslinking was studied via photo-DSC analyses that revealed a clear dependence on the chemical structure of the employed crosslinking agents (from 40 to ~100%). In addition, the mechanical and rheological properties of the photocured hydrogels were comparatively studied, as well as the printing quality of the extruded scaffolds. The newly developed chitosan photocurable inks demonstrated extrusion printability (squareness ~0.90; uniformity factor ~0.95) and tunable mechanical properties (Young modulus 14-1068 Pa) by means of different crosslinking approaches according to the chemical architecture of the reactive molecules employed. This work shows the great potential of photocrosslinkable chitosan inks.

Optimal quantum speed for mixed states

The question of how fast a quantum state can evolve is considered. Using the definition of squared speed based on the Euclidean distance given in (Brody and Longstaff 2019 Phys. Rev. Res. 2 033127), we present a systematic framework to obtain the optimal speed of a d-dimensional system evolved unitarily under a time-independent Hamiltonian. Among the set of mixed quantum states having the same purity, the optimal state is obtained in terms of its purity parameter. We show that for an arbitrary d, the optimal state is represented by a X-state with an additional property of being symmetric with respect to the secondary diagonal. For sufficiently low purities for which the purity exceeds the purity of maximally mixed state I/d by at most 2/d2 , the only nonzero off-diagonal entry of the optimal state is ϱ1d , corresponding to the transition amplitude between two energy eigenstates with minimum and maximum eigenvalues, respectively. For larger purities, however, whether or not the other secondary diameter entries ϱi,d−i+1 take nonzero values depends on their relative energy gaps |Ed−i+1−Ei| . The effects of coherence and entanglement, with respect to the energy basis, are also examined and found that for optimal states both resources are monotonic functions of purity, so they can cause speed up quantum evolution leading to a smaller quantum speed limit. Our results show that although the coherence of the states is responsible for the speed of evolution, only the coherence caused by some off-diagonal entries located on the secondary diagonal play a role in the fastest states.

Применение психотропных препаратов в соматической медицине (Обзор литературы)

In the early stages of the development of psychiatry, all new psychotropic drugs, without any exception, came to it from other areas of medicine. Examples are chlorpromazine (came from anesthesiology, where it was used for so-called potentiated anesthesia), reserpine (came from cardiology, where it was used as a treatment for arterial hypertension), lithium (came from rheumatology, where it was used to treat gout, long before John Cade), iproniazid (originally a promising anti-tuberculosis drug), methylene blue (came from parasitology, where it was used to treat malaria), sulpiride (was discovered in the process of searching for a new antiarrhythmic among procainamide analogues). Now the situation has turned 180 degrees. The arsenal of psychotropic drugs at the disposal of psychiatrists today had expanded unimaginably, compared to the 1950s. And many of these drugs, in addition to their main psychotropic activity, have a number of additional somatotropic properties that are of genuine interest to researchers from various fields of medicine. Within the framework of this article, we decided to focus not on rather banal and already widely known properties of some psychotropic drugs, such as analgesic, antiemetic, prokinetic, antipruritic or antimigraine activity, but on unexpected and sometimes surprising properties, such as their antitumor activity against some tumors of the central nervous system, their antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral activities.

Побудова аналітичної моделі мультифрактальної множини, яка відзеркалює вплив фрактальних параметрів структурних складових на механічні властивості наплавленого металу

Побудова аналітичної моделі мультифрактальної множини, яка відзеркалює вплив фрактальних параметрів структурних складових на механічні властивості наплавленого металу

Lp$$ {L}^p $$‐theory of linear canonical transforms and related uncertainty principles

In this paper, we revisit some fundamental properties of linear canonical transform (abbreviated as LCT). In particular, we prove the additive property rigorously for LCT in the higher dimensional case (abbreviated as MLCT). We also consider the ‐theory of MLCT with . Specifically, the inversion theorem of MLCT by the related Gauss and Abel means is studied, and the pointwise convergence of approximate identities with respect to convolution for MLCT is also obtained. As applications, we study the ‐type Heisenberg‐Pauli‐Weyl uncertainty principles and the ‐type Donoho‐Stark uncertainty principles for MLCT.

Cell fate decision in erythropoiesis: Insights from multiomics studies

Every second, the body produces 2 million red blood cells through a process called erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis is hierarchical in that it results from a series of cell fate decisions whereby hematopoietic stem cells progress toward the erythroid lineage. Single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic approaches have revolutionized the way we understand erythropoiesis, revealing it to be a gradual process that underlies a progressive restriction of fate potential driven by quantitative changes in lineage-specifying transcription factors. Despite these major advances, we still know very little about what cell fate decision entails at the molecular level. Novel approaches that simultaneously measure additional properties in single cells, including chromatin accessibility, transcription factor binding, and/or cell surface proteins are being developed at a fast pace, providing the means to exciting new advances in the near future. In this review, we briefly summarize the main findings obtained from single-cell studies of erythropoiesis, highlight outstanding questions, and suggest recent technological advances to address them.

Punicagranatum (Pomegranate) with Anthelmintic Activity

Ancient civilizations have long recognized the therapeutic and nutritional advantages of pomegranates, or Punicagranatum. Furthermore, pomegranates have been a part of many cultures' diets since prehistoric times (4000–3000 B.C.). According to one account, it was first cultivated in Iran; according to another, it was in India or Turkey. After that, trade channels were used to spread it throughout the world. This study focused on the pomegranate by reviewing the literature to learn about its history, categorization, and description; its medical and therapeutic value; the chemical makeup of the different pomegranate sections; and, lastly, its antiparasitic properties.Modes:2antibacterial, anti inflammatory, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic activities. The fruit also improves cardiovascular and oral health. These beneficial physiological effects may also have preventive applications in a variety of pathologies. The health benefits of pomegranate have been attributed to its wide range of phytochemicals, which are predominantly polyphenols, including primarily hydrolyzable ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and other polyphenols. The aim of this review was to present an overview of the functional, medical, and physiological properties of this fruits antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. The fruit also enhances dental and cardiovascular health. These advantageous physiological effects might also be used to avoid various illnesses. Pomegranates contain a wide range of phytochemicals, mostly polyphenols (mostly hydrolyzable ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and other polyphenols), which are thought to be responsible for their health benefits. An overview of this fruit's physiological, medicinal, and functional characteristics was the goal of this review. Fresh and juiced, the pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.) is a popular ancient fruit. Pomegranate fruit has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times, and stories about its benefits have persisted over time. Studies conducted in vivo and in vitro have shown that this fruit has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic properties in addition to acting as an antioxidant, antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic