Proper Time Research Articles

High-energy head-on particle collisions near event horizons: Classification of scenarios

In this paper, we consider head-on collisions of two particles near the event horizon. Particle 1 is outgoing, particle 2 is ingoing. We elucidate the conditions when the energy [Formula: see text] in the center of mass frame can grow unbounded. In doing so, we dispel some misconceptions popular in the literature on high energy collisions near black holes and carry out clear distinction when such a collision happens near a black hole and when this occurs near a white one. If the proper time between the horizon and an arbitrary point outside it for particle 1 is finite, we deal with a white hole. If it is infinite, we deal with a black hole. Particles can be either free or experience the action of a finite force. Our results are complementary to those for the standard BSW effect when particles move in the same direction. The results rely on classification of particles developed in our previous work Ovcharenko and Zaslavskii [Phys. Rev. D 108 (2023) 064029]. The aforementioned article performed the first step towards a building classification of all possible high energy collisions near black/white hole for different types of horizons and nonzero force. In this paper, we perform the second step.

Role of surfactant therapy in reducing oxygen requirement and mortality among neonates suffering from respiratory distress syndrome: A Prospective study at Al – Batool teaching hospital in Diyala province

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is a breathing disorder characterized by a deficiency or inactivity of surfactant in the lungs of preterm and term babies and if not treated, it leads to serious complications like pneumothorax, emphysema, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and death. Objective: To estimate the effect of surfactant therapy on oxygen requirement and neonatal mortality as well as the incidence of RDS in the special care neonatal unit (SCNU) in the AL Batool Teaching Hospital in Diyala Governorate. Patients and Methods: A sample of 2000 patients with signs and symptoms of RDS at the time of presentation was prospectively collected from the 1st of July 2022 until the 1st of March 2023 in SCNU at Al-Batool Teaching Hospital. Gestational age, body weight, the use of oxygen, surfactant therapy, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were taken into consideration in assessing the outcome of RDS neonates. Results: There was a significant relationship between surfactant administrations, the period of staying on CPAP, and oxygen demand as the p-value was < 0.001 for both. Neonates who received surfactant had a lower mortality rate, with an incidence of 2.5%; the p-value was < 0.001. Incidence of neonatal RDS was 694 (34.7%). Conclusion: Since the incidence of RDS was 34.7%, surfactant therapy should be routine in neonatal special and intensive care units. Proper use of surfactant (proper timing and mode of administration) reduces oxygen demand, the need for CPAP, hospitalization, and mortality among those neonates.

Midwives’ experiences regarding recordkeeping during intrapartum care in Limpopo Province healthcare facilities

Background: South Africa has experienced an increase in litigations because of poor recordkeeping. The quality of maternal healthcare necessitates quality recordkeeping. All midwives’ interventions should be documented in the maternity case record as an instrument to highlight the quality of intrapartum care offered.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine and describe the experiences of midwives regarding recordkeeping during intrapartum care in Limpopo province and to make recommendations to improve recordkeeping.Method: A qualitative, explorative and descriptive design was adopted. Midwives were selected purposively to participate in focus group discussions. Data were thematically analysed with the help of the independent transcriptionist and coder.Results: The findings revealed the themes: perceptions of midwives regarding recordkeeping and the challenges and enablers that influence recordkeeping during intrapartum care.Conclusion: Quality recordkeeping requires timely, detailed, comprehensive and accurate recording. The study recommended the availability of updated guidelines, in-service training, monitoring and evaluation of recordkeeping, peer review, record auditing, proper time management among midwives and appointment of staff in line with the staffing needs of the unit to enhance recordkeeping.Contribution: Quality recordkeeping has a positive impact on the provision of quality healthcare to mothers during intrapartum care and reduces litigations related to maternity cases.

Emergent potentials and non-perturbative open topological strings

We show that integrating out M2 branes ending on M5 branes inside Calabi-Yau manifolds captures non-perturbative open topological string physics. The integrating out is performed using a contour integral in complexified Schwinger proper time. For the resolved conifold, this contour can be extended to include the zero pole, which we argue captures the ultraviolet completion of the integrating out and yields the tree-level polynomial terms in the free energy. This is a manifestation of the Emergence Proposal, and provides further evidence for it. Unlike the case of closed strings, where the emergent terms are kinetic terms in the action, for these open strings it is tree-level potential terms which are emergent. This provides a first quantitative example of the proposal that classical tree-level potentials in string theory emerge from integrating out co-dimension one states.

Simulation model to enhance Bragg reflector assisted GeSn SACM-SPAD performance for 1550 nm LIDAR applications in autonomous vehicles

A safe 3-D lidar sensor for autonomous vehicle creates a high demand on 1550 nm SPADs detectors. Due to the limitation of the energy band gab and absorption coefficient of Si and Ge, their photodetectors have low efficiency at the 1550 nm wavelength. Doping Ge with Sn reduces its bandgap and enables higher efficiency in this range while adding Bragg reflector represents a smart way to increase absorption area effective thickness. Here a simulation model for Ge(1-x)Snx SACM SPAD is proposed to work as a 1550 nm laser detector. Two Bragg reflectors are built using Si\\SiGe and Si\\SiGeSn layers. Results show a significant enhancement on detector optical properties. PDP reaches 38 % at room temperature and the increase in Pdp due to Bragg reflector reaches 66 %. Although DCR also increases, it can be handled with proper dead time configuration.

Research for an enhanced fault-tolerant solution against the current sensor fault types in induction motor drives

Introduction. Recently, three-phase induction motor drives have been widely used in industrial applications; however, the feedback signal failures of current sensors can seriously degrade the operation performance of the entire drive system. Therefore, the motor drives require a proper solution to prevent current sensor faults and improve the reliability of the motor drive systems. The novelty of the proposed research includes integrating the current sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) function according to enhanced technique into the field-oriented control loop for speed control of the motor drive system. Purpose. This research proposes a hybrid method involving a third difference operator and signal comparison algorithm to diagnose various types of current sensor faults as a positive solution to enhance the stability of the induction motor drive system. Methods. A hybrid method involving a third difference operator for the measured speed signals and a comparison algorithm between measured and estimated current signals are proposed to diagnose the current sensors’ health status in the fault-tolerant process. After determining the faulty sensor, the estimated current signals based on the Luenberger observer are used immediately to replace the defective sensor signal. Results. The current sensor is simulated with various failure types, from standard to rare failures, to evaluate the performance of the FTC method implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simultaneously, a fault flag corresponding to a defective sensor should be presented as an indicator to execute the repair process for faulty sensors at the proper time. Practical value. Positive results have proven the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FTC integrated into the speed controller to improve reliability and ensure the stable operation of the induction motor drive system even under current sensor fault conditions. References 29, tables 3, figures 10.

Improved Agronomic Practices on Enhancement of Quality Forage Production for Livestock Farming

The lack of nutrient-rich fodder and forage is one of the problems of livestock farming. Adequate tillage operations, timely and suitable water management, weed management, insect pests and disease management, fertilizer management, seeding at the proper time and seed rate, timely harvesting, and other agronomic techniques can all help to increase the nutritional content and yield of fodder and forage crops. A number of research and review papers have been systematically reviewed in this study. The use of tillage practices such as primary, secondary, conventional, and deep tillage enhances dry matter and yield of green fodder as compared to zero tillage. The organic matter (OM) content and dry matter (DM) of fodder crops are increased by regular and appropriate irrigation. The DMD (dry matter digestibility) and CP (crude protein) contents of early harvested forages are higher than those of late harvested forages. The application of nitrogen promotes crop development and growth, increasing the production of green fodder and improving its quality. Intercropping is essential for increasing the yield of fodder crops. Compared to sole cropping of maize and cowpea, the yield is found higher in intercropping of maize + cowpea. The production and quality of fodder are decreased by late seeding. The management of insect pests and diseases enhances the production and quality of fodder and forage. Thus, we draw the conclusion that fodder and forage crops production and their quality parameters are greatly influenced by agronomic practices.

Assessment of validity, reliability, and feasibility of OMERACT ultrasound knee osteoarthritis scores in Egyptian patients with primary knee osteoarthritis.

Ultrasound (US) can evaluate all joint components affected by knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, standardized scoring of US-detected pathology is needed to improve its diagnostic and monitoring capabilities. To examine the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) ultrasound scoring for KOA, comparing with clinical and radiography measures, using predefined cutoff values. This cross-sectional study included 75 Egyptian patients with primary KOA. All patients had Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, bilateral knee radiography, and ultrasonography. Inter-observer reliability of ultrasound was evaluated in 30 knees by another newly trained operator. Most of the OMERACT-US KOA scores showed significant associations with WOMAC clinical scores, except for femoral cartilage damage and effusion. The synovitis score was significantly associated with WOMAC-pain score (p-value 0.046), while medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and medial osteophytes were significantly associated with WOMAC-stiffness score (p-value 0.009 and 0.023, respectively). MME and synovitis were significantly associated with WOMAC-physical score (p-value 0.035 and 0.020, respectively). The ultrasound scores also showed a strong correlation with radiographic scoring. Inter-observer reliability ranged from moderate to excellent agreement (k = 0.58 to k = 0.83); it was highest for lateral osteophytes (k = 0.83), good agreement for synovitis (k = 0.72), any osteophytes (k = 0.71), damage of femoral cartilage (k = 0.70), and moderate agreement for medial osteophytes (k = 0.58) and MME (k = 0.59). OMERACT-US scoring system for KOA demonstrated validity, reliability, and feasibility for evaluating both structural and inflammatory components. Using cutoff values improved the scoring reliability for osteophytes and MME. Key Points • OMERACT-US scores provide a valid assessment of inflammatory and structural components of knee osteoarthritis. • The following changes may improve the performance of the OMERACT-US scores. a. The binary score for effusion and synovial hypertrophy can be omitted, as they have no added value. b. A semi-quantitative grading for effusion may capture the impact of effusion on clinical outcomes. c. Added cutoff values to score medial meniscal extrusion, osteophytes, and pathological effusion improved the respective scores' reliability. d. Applying the updated OMERACT definition of synovitis. • OMERACT-US scores are reliable to be used with a newly trained operator, particularly when cutoff values are included, and proper training time is provided. • The OMERACT-US score is feasible to be used in clinical practice, as the time taken to perform was short, even for a newly trained operator.

Enhancing AR‐based learning environments for STEM education: A design‐based study on design features, kinematics learning and mathematics self‐efficacy

AbstractThis design‐based research project explored how various design features of AR‐based learning environments (ARLE) influence students' mathematics self‐efficacy and learning of kinematics. Specifically, five ARLEs with different design features were developed and implemented with 136 seventh‐grade students in two rounds. Data were gathered from pre‐ and post‐mathematics self‐efficacy tests, interviews, classroom observation records and reflective journals, to identify which design features promote or hinder students' learning and self‐efficacy. Results revealed that adopting a well‐designed ARLE is a viable way to promote students' learning and mathematics self‐efficacy, and the success of ARLE lies in (1) coherent tasks with proper time for self‐exploration, progressive levels, useful problem contexts and a certain degree of open‐endedness, and (2) sufficient technological affordances with strengthened authenticity, clarity and integrated media presentation, as well as engaging interactions with decent flexibility, embodied actions and feedback. These results validated the applicability of the proposed checklist for ARLE designers and practitioners in their design and implementation of ARLEs, within the domain of mathematics, physics and beyond. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic AR‐based learning environments (ARLEs) have demonstrated substantial advantages in STEM education, but ARLEs can be a drawback if they are not adequately designed. ARLE may facilitate students' mathematics self‐efficacy, and relevant design features are underexplored. Design‐based research sustains interventions combining empirical research and theory‐driven design of innovative learning environments, for example, ARLEs. What this paper adds Demonstrates the potential of ARLEs that can be used in classrooms to support STEM learning. Identifies a collection of effective and ineffective design features of ARLEs that promote or hinder students' STEM learning and mathematics self‐efficacy. Tackles the challenges for the design of ARLEs for classrooms by taking AR technological affordances and the pedagogical perspective together. Implications for practice and/or policy Five ARLEs for STEM topics were developed and implemented in secondary schools. Evidence of positive impacts of ARLEs on students' learning and mathematics self‐efficacy. Our research produces useful guidelines for designers and practitioners in their development and implementation of ARLEs in real classrooms.

TREATMENT OF TOOTH AVULSION: A CASE REPORT

Dental trauma (DT) refers to injuries caused by impacts to the teeth and/or the hard and soft tissues within or outside the oral cavity. Among the various types of DT, avulsion, characterized by the complete displacement of the tooth from its socket. The success of treatment depends on timely management and proper professional care during and after reimplantation in preserving the tooth in the oral cavity. This study describes a case report of an avulsion of the upper left central incisor (21) that underwent reimplantation. The patient, a 10-year-old boy, had a history of bicycle fall, presenting with extraoral injuries to the cheek and chin, lip abrasions, and avulsion of tooth 21. The tooth was stored in milk and reimplanted 30 minutes after the accident. Clinical and radiographic examinations showed no bone fractures but revealed mobility of teeth 11 and 12 and avulsion of tooth 21. Treatment included cleaning, repositioning of the avulsed tooth, stabilization with a semi-flexible splint, and administration of antibiotics and analgesics. Endodontic therapy with mechanical instrumentation was successfully initiated after 20 days. This case highlights the importance of proper tooth storage and timing of reimplantation, leading to the restoration of patient’s aesthetics, chewing function, and self-esteem.

On-the-Go Automated Break Recommendation for Stress Avoidance during Highway Driving

Continuous cab driving is considered a highly stressful job, although drivers often ignore the stress. Taking a break from manual driving or transferring the control to another driver to release the stress would be an easy, intuitive solution, although the challenge is to detect the driving stress while the trip is going on. As driving stress depends on multiple diverse environmental and affective features, we, in this article, develop a novel assistive system, SmartHalt , which continuously senses the driving environment (such as road type, congestion, driver’s driving pattern) and then utilizes a spatial time series model of the driving environment with a deep learning framework to predict whether the driver will be stressed while on the trip. The model also considers the personality traits of the drivers along with the spatio-temporal features to differentiate the impact of stress on the driving behavior for different drivers and recommends taking a break soon before the driving behavior drops below a critical level. A thorough analysis of the model over seven different drivers for a 10 month-long experiment over 204,871 km of driving data reveals that the proposed approach can significantly improve driving behavior by recommending a driving break at proper times. Following the recommendation by SmartHalt improves the driving score by ≈50% and reduces the number of driving offenses by ≈50%. SmartHalt can help develop advanced driving assisting system (ADAS) platforms that understand the affective states of the driver and thus can be helpful for semi-autonomous driving environments for effective driver-vehicle interactions.

Application of 360 Camera Technology and Excavator Operator Workload at a Nickel Ore Mine and Its Implication for Work Accident Rates Using the Nasa-TLX Method

Indonesia, as one of the largest nickel producers in the world, has around 90% of nickel reserves spread across various regions, such as Central Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and North Maluku. Even though demand for nickel continues to increase, a severe problem that needs attention is the rate of work accidents in mining fields. Most heavy equipment accidents that occur are caused by operator negligence while operating. This negligence can occur when operators are in a hurry, make mistakes while using heavy equipment, or do not have proper work time management. This research aims to analyze the impact of 360-degree camera technology on excavator operators in nickel ore mines on work accident rates and operator workload. The case study was carried out at PT Rifky and Raisha Anursyah using the NASA-TLX method to measure workload. In contrast, the number of accidents that occurred to each operator within one month was used to measure work accidents. The 360 camera technology provides a comprehensive view of the work environment, allowing operators to monitor the surrounding area better and reduce blind spots. The research results show that applying this technology can reduce the risk of work accidents and increase the work efficiency of excavator operators. With better monitoring, operators can identify potential hazards earlier and reduce the risk of accidents. Workload evaluation using NASA-TLX shows a decrease in operator workload after implementing 360 camera technology. This research provides strategic recommendations for workload management and implementing safety technology in the mining industry.

Current approaches to prenatal imaging of lung malformations: a review

INTRODUCTION: Congenital lung malformations are result of developmental disorders at any stage of organ formation. Manifestations of these changes vary significantly: from minimal in size to large space-occupying lesion of the lung, which can cause fetal death or severe postnatal respiratory disorders. In proper time and accurate prenatal diagnosis of lung development abnormalities is one of the fundamental factors determining management of pregnancy and prognosis.OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the most typical features of a wide range of congenital lung anomalies by ultrasound and MRI.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature search was performed in open Russian and English databases Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, RSCI, eLIBRARY using keywords and phrases: «prenatal diagnosis», «fetal MRI», «ultrasound diagnostics», «сongenital lung malformations».RESULTS: Based on literature data and our own experience in the use of ultrasound and MRI in diagnosis of сongenital lung malformations, the main signs of normal development and the most specific types of lung anomalies are described. Algorithm for diagnostic search for congenital lung malformations is presented.CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is the main method for diagnosing congenital lung anomalies. Fetal MRI is used to clarify the nature and extent of changes, a more detailed assessment of adjacent organs, also to determine Multiple congenital anomalies. Understanding the characteristics of semiotics of lung malformations and the main signs of these anomalies is a fundamental criterion for prenatal counseling, as well as peri- and postnatal management of this category of patients.

Relativity of the event: examples in JT gravity and linearized GR

Observables in quantum gravity are famously defined asymptotically, at the boundary of AdS or Minkowski spaces. However, by gauge fixing a coordinate system or suitably dressing the field operators, an approximate, “quasi-local” approach is also possible, that can give account of the measurements performed by a set of observers living inside the spacetime. In particular, one can attach spatial coordinates to the worldlines of these observers and use their proper times as a time coordinate. Here we highlight that any such local formulation has to face the relativity of the event, in that changing frame (= set of observers) implies a reshuffling of the point-events and the way they are identified. As a consequence, coordinate transformations between different frames become probabilistic in quantum gravity. We give a concrete realization of this mechanism in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity, where a point in the bulk can be defined operationally with geodesics anchored to the boundary. We describe different ways to do so, each corresponding to a different frame, and compute the variances of the transformations relating some of these frames. In particular, we compute the variance of the location of the black hole horizon, which appears smeared in most frames. We then suggest how to calculate this effect in Einstein gravity, assuming knowledge of the wavefunction of the metric. The idea is to expand the latter on a basis of semiclassical states. Each element of this basis enjoys standard/deterministic coordinate transformations and the result is thus obtained by superposition. As a divertissement, we sabotage Lorentz boosts by adding to Minkoswki space a quantum superposition of gravitational waves and compute the probabilistic coordinate transformation to a boosted frame at linear order. Finally, we attempt to translate the relativity of the event into the language of dressed operators.

Selective depletion of kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in early juvenile life reduces pubertal LH secretion and delays puberty onset in mice.

Puberty is the critical developmental transition to reproductive capability driven by the activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The complex neural mechanisms underlying pubertal activation of GnRH secretion still remain unknown, yet likely include kisspeptin neurons. However, kisspeptin neurons reside in several hypothalamic areas and the specific kisspeptin population timing pubertal onset remains undetermined. To investigate this, we strategically capitalized on the differential ontological expression of the Kiss1 gene in different hypothalamic nuclei to selectively ablate just arcuate kisspeptin neurons (aka KNDy neurons) during the early juvenile period, well before puberty, while sparing RP3V kisspeptin neurons. Both male and female transgenic mice with a majority of their KNDy neurons ablated (KNDyABL) by diphtheria toxin treatment in juvenile life demonstrated significantly delayed puberty onset and lower peripubertal LH secretion than controls. In adulthood, KNDyABL mice demonstrated normal invivo LH pulse frequency with lower basal and peak LH levels, suggesting that only a small subset of KNDy neurons is sufficient for normal GnRH pulse timing but more KNDy cells are needed to secrete normal LH concentrations. Unlike prior KNDy ablation studies in rats, there was no alteration in the occurrence or magnitude of estradiol-induced LH surges in KNDyABL female mice, indicating that a complete KNDy neuronal population is not essential for normal LH surge generation. This study teases apart the contributions of different kisspeptin neural populations to the control of puberty onset, demonstrating that a majority of KNDy neurons in the arcuate nucleus are necessary for the proper timing of puberty in both sexes.

Advances in Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Innovative Strategies for Treating Colonic Disorders and Prospects for the Future.

Colon-specific targeting delivery systems have drawn a great deal of attention because they represent potential vehicles for treating colonic disorders like diverticulitis, colitis, salmonellosis, Crohn's disease, etc. with less systemic adverse effects as well as for the better oral delivery of many therapeutics that are prone to enzymatic and acidic deterioration in the upper GI tract. Smart polymeric delivery systems in particular have been investigated as "intelligent" delivery systems capable of releasing entrapped pharmaceuticals at the proper time & site of action in response to certain physiological stimuli. The creation of novel polymers & crosslinkers with improved biodegradability and biocompatibility would expand and enhance applications now in use. The development of polymeric systems could result in more precise and programmable drug delivery/therapies. In addition, newer advancements have led to the development of numerous ground-breaking techniques for directing a medication molecule to the colon. This review highlighted formulation techniques pH-dependent, time-dependent, enzyme sensitive, magnetically dependent, ligand-receptor mediated, and microflora-activated systems. Moreover, several methods have been put forth that make use of the innovative idea of such delivery systems, and mechanisms in which the release of drugs is regulated by pH and time as well as pH and the colon's bacteria.

Effects of the kinematic variable, time delay and data length on test-retest reliability of the maximal Lyapunov exponent of human walking.

The maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) has been used to quantify the dynamic stability of human locomotion. The method for estimating MLE requires selecting a proper time series of kinematic variables and reconstructing phase space using proper time delay. The data length also affects the reliability of the measured MLE. However, there has been no criterion for the choice of the time series, time delay or data length. Here, we quantified the effect of these factors on the test-retest reliability of MLE estimations. We recruited 15 young and healthy adults and let them walk on a treadmill three times. We calculated MLE employing various lengths of time series of 18 frequently used kinematic variables and two typical choices of time delay: fixed delay and delay selected by average mutual information algorithm. Then, we measured the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the measured MLE under each condition. Our results show that the choice of time delay does not affect reliability. Five among the 18 kinematic variables enabled excellent reliability with ICC above 0.9 within 450 strides and also enabled ICC above 0.75 even with 60 or less strides. These findings can contribute to establishing the criteria for measuring the dynamic stability of human walking.

Taking the Stress Out of Taking Time Off: Reducing Workplace Anxiety Through Flexible Policies and a Culture of Trust

This article examines how lack of separation between work and personal life in today's fast-paced workplace can negatively impact employee well-being, productivity, and retention. Constant connectivity from new technologies enables an "always on" culture where fully disengaging from work during non-work hours or vacations is challenging. Extensive research establishes the importance of work-life balance and taking proper time off to reduce stress, burnout, and health risks. Organizations suffer too from reduced performance and increased absenteeism when employees cannot relax and recharge away from job responsibilities. The article proposes that organizations implement flexible work policies, lead by example with boundary modeling from managers, and cultivate a culture valuing time off. Practical recommendations include establishing clear time-off guidelines, protecting personal time on calendars, and educating on the benefits of rest and recovery. Industry case studies demonstrate how companies have successfully instituted measures empowering employees to fully disconnect from work during leave for individual and company gains.

Real-space diffusion theory from quantum mechanics using analytic continuation

We show that a physical correspondence between Brownian motion and quantum mechanics can be established by formal analytic continuation if Wick rotation (t→it) is replaced by the mirror symmetric, complex conjugate time transformation t→±it. Invariance of the square modulus of the wave function under this transformation reveals a tight connection between Born's interpretation of the probability density and the proper time t2=(−it)(+it), as being both the result of a time symmetry breaking in the informational content of the microscopic (quantum) world, which takes place as we move to a macroscopic level. We find that under the transformation t→±it, the Schrödinger equation and its complex conjugate conforms with a stochastic-mechanical model of the Brownian motion of a particle. From the present analysis, Nelson's osmotic velocity arises naturally and the quantum phase function admits a classical interpretation in terms of a continuous (scalar) potential field that influences the motion of the particle. The maximum phase variation defines the direction of the osmotic and current velocity. Whereas the paper focuses on the correlation between quantum mechanics and Ficks's second law for a constant diffusion coefficient, a discussion is also provided on the possibility of a quantum mechanical formulation for anomalous diffusion, where the diffusion coefficient is a function of space and/or time.

PRIVACY PRESERVING DATA SHARING FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTHCARE IN IOT SYSTEMS

A healthcare data is very important for the purpose of organizing the data, analyzing the data etc. It is also important for Scientific Research, sharing of healthcare data has rapidly growing in Society. The healthcare data brings more privacy to the patient’s health data. Sharing that particular data without any permission can bring many threats to the patient’s privacy. Data collection and Preserving of data is the most sensitive part in the medical sector. Now a day’s many of the Organizations are focusing on the data privacy for healthcare. In this Research Paper we are going to introduce the framework for privacy preserving data sharing with developing more application and different ways to work on it. This research paper mainly focuses on the 3 main Points they are: 1. Privacy of Healthcare data and detection of it; 2. Focusing on the Policy Management; 3. Preserving the data privately. Many techniques and many Technologies have been developed and developing in the Medical field. Affordability of many of the devices is growing rapidly day-by-day. Devices play a very important role in the terms of Science, in the field of Medical. It also plays a main role in health monitoring, safety monitoring, early disease detection etc. Analyzing of data can be done with real time Entity. Even we need to set the proper timing or alarm timing whenever and wherever it is needed. To store large no. of data in hospitals, every hospital has its private cloud to store the private data of each and every patient. This private cloud helps us to store large amount of the data with different records. It also stores the particular data and all the history related to patients health and also the improvement records. This whole data has been privately stored with the help of IOT (Internet of Things). And we can also access it whenever needed.