Proper Space Research Articles

Knowledge Graph Embedding by Normalizing Flows

A key to knowledge graph embedding (KGE) is to choose a proper representation space, e.g., point-wise Euclidean space and complex vector space. In this paper, we propose a unified perspective of embedding and introduce uncertainty into KGE from the view of group theory. Our model can incorporate existing models (i.e., generality), ensure the computation is tractable (i.e., efficiency) and enjoy the expressive power of complex random variables (i.e., expressiveness). The core idea is that we embed entities/relations as elements of a symmetric group, i.e., permutations of a set. Permutations of different sets can reflect different properties of embedding. And the group operation of symmetric groups is easy to compute. In specific, we show that the embedding of many existing models, point vectors, can be seen as elements of a symmetric group. To reflect uncertainty, we first embed entities/relations as permutations of a set of random variables. A permutation can transform a simple random variable into a complex random variable for greater expressiveness, called a normalizing flow. We then define scoring functions by measuring the similarity of two normalizing flows, namely NFE. We construct several instantiating models and prove that they are able to learn logical rules. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of introducing uncertainty and our model. The code is available at https://github.com/changyi7231/NFE.

Character Education’s Dialectics Based on Art and Culture in the Approach of Cultural Studies

Background: Dialectics of character education based on local culture is conducted through the approach of cultural studies in order to comprehend meanings resulted symbolically from the phenomena of local culture. The process of character education based on local culture is a process that gives an individual the ability to give meaning toward his/herself and his/her environment. Aim: The researchers would like to analyze character education’s dialectics based on art and culture in the approach of cultural studies. Method: Literature studies related to character education studies based on local culture in Minangkabau were carried out through written and oral sources or primary and secondary sources. Qualitative methods with a multidisciplinary approach were used. Field data collection was managed in an 'etic' and 'emic' manner. The data were then analyzed using Miles and Huberman techniques. Findings: The attitude of West Sumatera government that launches the program of "back to nagari (village) and back to surau” is a proper space to rebuild an old culture that is still relevant and is developed in the society toward modern culture. Islamic culture that initially evolves in the surau should be able to be developed with bringing religious mission. The art of local people that lives and evolves in sasaran is also resurrected with bringing the mission of Minangkabau customs.

A study on knowledge of trainings on mustard protection at KVK towards knowledge gain and adoption of the technology of farmers in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan : India

The study was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Jaisalmer. A sample of 50 farmers was chosen the trainees provide them two four days on campus trainings on integrated pest management of mustard during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Rapeseedmustard (toria, mustard / raya, Yellow Sarson, brown Sarson, Gobhi Sarson, black mustard and taramira) ranks second edible oilseeds in production and contributes to more than 30% of edible oil production in India. Mustard contributes about 90 per cent of the total rapeseed-mustard production. The important factors, causing low and fluctuating production of mustard in India, are low or non-adoption of package of improved production technology, susceptibility of mustard varieties to pest and diseases and non-adoption of pest and diseases management practices.The improvement of knowledge of the participant’s and adoption of technology was increased after understanding training programs including pre-sowing proper time of sowing and seed treatment (against disease and insect pests) adopting FIR schedule. Proper plant spacing and after sowing proper cares to protection of disease and insect pests. The trainees adopted by 72 per cent (36 farmers), learned recommend protection of mustard crop and knowledge gained by 82 per cent (41 farmers). It is reported that the change in Knowledge improvement was 10.00 to 82.00 percentages. The study indicated that the trainings were more fruitful and highly increased in knowledge and adoption levels of the mustard protection technology.

Optimizing Pilot Spacing in MU-MIMO Systems Operating Over Aging Channels

In the uplink of multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems operating over aging channels, pilot spacing is crucial for acquiring channel state information and achieving high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Somewhat surprisingly, very few works examine the impact of pilot spacing on the correlation structure of subsequent channel estimates and the resulting quality of channel state information considering channel aging. In this paper, we consider a fast-fading environment characterized by its exponentially decaying autocorrelation function, and model pilot spacing as a sampling problem to capture the inherent trade-off between the quality of channel state information and the number of symbols available for information carrying data symbols. We first establish a quasi-closed form for the achievable deterministic equivalent SINR when the channel estimation algorithm utilizes multiple pilot signals. Next, we establish upper bounds on the achievable SINR and spectral efficiency, as a function of pilot spacing, which helps to find the optimum pilot spacing within a limited search space. Our key insight is that to maximize the achievable SINR and the spectral efficiency of MU-MIMO systems, proper pilot spacing must be applied to control the impact of the aging channel and to tune the trade-off between pilot and data symbols.

The Analysis of Screws Spacing Effect On The Flexural Strength Of Laminated Wood Beams From Pine Pallets Waste

Pine pallets are often used to design the interior of houses, as opposed to pine waste, which is underutilized due to its reduced strength and limited size. Therefore, this research aims to optimize the use of pine pallet waste by making laminated beams using screw joints and determining the effect of screw spacing on the strong bending of laminated beams. Flexural strength tests of laminated wood beams measuring 5 cm x 5 cm x 76 cm with varying screw spacing of 4 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm, and 16 were used to conduct this research. This is in addition to screw length, head, and body diameters of 5 cm, 8 mm, and 4 mm, respectively. Strong bending testing was carried out at the Structural Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tidar University, Magelang. The test results of consecutive Modulus of Rupture (MOR) had average values of 20.996 MPa, 23.067 MPa, 20.207 MPa, 19.292 MPa. and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) of 1,352.68 MPa, 1,449.35 MPa, 1,146.76 MPa, and 1,128.90 MPa. The result showed that the use of varying screw spacing has no significant effect on the flexural strength of laminated beams. Furthermore, the laminated pine pallet waste with screws can be used as an alternative to pure wood by paying attention to the proper joint spacing.

Embedding Higson compactification into a product of adelic solenoids

The Higson compactification of any simply connected proper geodesic metric space admits an embedding into a product of adelic solenoids that induces an isomorphism of 1-dimensional cohomology.The Higson compactification of the universal covering Y‾ of a finite complex Y supplied with a lifted from Y metric admits a π1(Y)-equivariant embedding into a product of adelic solenoids that induces an epimorphism of 1-dimensional cohomology.

Trends of Contraceptive Usage among Women in Tertiary Hospital in Nnewi, Nigeria: A Five-Year Retrospective CrossSectional Study

Background: Maternal and infant mortality can be reduced with use of contraceptives which protects against unplanned pregnancies, high parity and high fertility and ensuring proper spacing between child births. Nigeria’s fertility rate is high, with 5.7 children per woman while the contraceptive prevalence rate is low, with a rate of 15%. Studying the trend will provide information on the uptake of diverse contraception approaches and provide information for counseling. Objective: To determine the trend and preferred methods of contraceptive usage among patients who attend the family planning clinic at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi, Nigeria. Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving collection of data from the family planning register of women who attended family planning clinic at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Nigeria, from 1st April 2014 to 1st March 2019. The information obtained from the case files were socio-demographic data such as the age and parity including the contraceptive methods, and yearly uptakes. The data obtained were analysed using statistical package SPSS version 26. Result: The total number of deliveries at the study center in the studied period was 3457, while the total number of contraceptive methods used was 578, giving an overall contraceptive prevalence rate of 16.7%. The prevalence rate showed a rise from 15.7% in 2014/2015 to as high as 19.1% in 2018/2019. The age group with most of the women from the study was 30 to 34 (29.2%) years. Majority of the women (251; 43.4%) used sub-dermal implants, 219 (37.9%) women used intrauterine contraceptive device (CUT380A), and this was followed by 96 (16.6%) women that used injectable hormonal contraceptive. We also observed an increase in preference for use of hormonal contraceptive methods (implants) as compared to the non hormonal methods (CUT380A). Conclusion: The trend so far, shows a rise in contraceptive use with the sub-dermal implants in the study center, with a notable improvement in the prevalence of contraceptive use within the last 5 years of the study. There is need for health information on the use of contraceptives to improve the uptake.

Bound states in the continuum (BIC) in silicon nanodisk array on mirror structure: Perfect absorption associated with quasi-BIC below the bandgap

A structure composed of a hexagonal array of Si nanodisks having toroidal dipole resonances and a reflecting mirror separated by a SiO2 spacer is proposed as a platform that exhibits narrow-band perfect absorption in the Si sub-bandgap wavelength range for a CMOS compatible Si based photodetector operating below the bandgap range. The numerical simulation reveals that the structure possesses Fabry–Pérot bound states in the continuum at proper spacer thicknesses due to the interference between the toroidal dipole and its image dipole. By slightly detuning the spacer thickness to meet the critical coupling condition, narrow-band perfect absorption appears despite assumption of a very small extinction coefficient (5 × 10−4). The wavelength of the perfect absorption is controlled in a wide range by the structural parameters of a Si nanodisk hexagonal array and is insensitive to the fluctuation of the extinction coefficient and the choice of a metallic mirror. In the structure, over 90% of incident power can be absorbed in the Si region. This suggests that the structure can be used as a narrow-band photodetector operating in the Si sub-bandgap wavelength range. We also evaluate the sensing performance of the proposed structure as an intensity based refractive index sensor operating in the near-infrared range.

The toxicity of dysregulated Plk1 activity revealed by its suppressor mutations.

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a mitotic kinase that has multiple functions throughout the cell cycle. Catalytic activation of Plk1 is known to be regulated by phosphorylation of the kinase domain, including Thr210, and by releasing the kinase domain from its inhibitory polo-box domain. However, how Plk1 is activated to fulfill its proper roles, in time and space, is not well understood. In this study, we unintentionally found that the expression of a constitutively active form of human Plk1 is toxic to bacterial cells, such that cells contained point mutations that alleviate the kinase activity. Structural prediction revealed that these mutations are adjacent to the amino acids supporting the kinase activity. When human cells express these mutants, we found decreased levels of Plk1's substrate phosphorylation, resulting in mitotic defects. Moreover, unlike in bacterial cells, the expression of activated Plk1 mutants did not affect cell proliferation in human cells unless localized at the right place in mitosis. Our observations identified new suppressor mutations and underscored the importance of spatiotemporal regulation in Plk1, providing a basis for how we might intervene in this kinase for therapeutic purpose in human cells.

SPACE FOR MIGRANT WORKERS

In the country like India there is numerous amounts of migrants who have their own reasons to step out to cities and give their degree of economic activity. They stay on footpath and in open areas where they have to face various problems especially for women and children's and also effect cities economy and urban development, By this research we are trying to solve the problems of migrants as well as coming in front of cities. The aim is to carve out space in an urban environment for squatter and pavement dwellers and to provide a proper, secured and usable space to migrant workers, Who Come from various areas and having no proper space to stay or spend their days and nights. Provide the affordable or free of cost space in urban area for these migrant workers who live on the footpath up to get employment to sustain and settling down city. In this process, we have criteria to take account of various by which lives of people living in the city, we're not disturbing them or they don't have to face any trouble or problem. Also, we have to follow rules and do our work considering all government official laws and also create some laws for a migrant who is using these redundant spaces for their security and safety and convenience of them as of cities. Also, we should have to provide facilities for disabled persons, Security of women and children, people don't have to get face any violence by any group gang, organized criminal's, etc. • The research is redesign of surrounding public area or setting down in order way • It basically the research outputs become an urban design. Keywords – migrant, squatter, pavement, labours

High isolation circularly polarized in-band full-duplex anisotropic dielectric resonator antenna

A novel high-isolation, monostatic, circularly polarized (CP) simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) anisotropic dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented. The Proposed antenna is composed of two identical but orthogonally positioned annular sectoral anisotropic dielectric resonators. Each circularly polarized (CP) resonator consists of alternating stacked dielectric layers of relative permittivities of 2 and 15 and is excited by a coaxial probe from the two opposite ends to have left and right-hand CP. Proper element spacing and a square absorber are placed between the resonators to maximize Tx/Rx isolation. Such a structure provides an in-band full-duplex (IBFD) CP-DRA system. Measurement results exhibit high Tx/Rx isolation better than 50 dB over the desired operating bandwidth (5.87–5.97 GHz) with a peak gain of 5.49 and 5.08 dBic for Ports 1 and 2, respectively.

Enhanced Gas Production from Class II Gas Hydrate Reservoirs by the Multistage Fractured Horizontal Well

In the two test productions that have been conducted in the hydrate reservoir test development zone in the South China Sea, the gas production capacity of single wells is low and the exploitation difficulty with the cost is too high for commercial demand economically. The low permeability of the hydrate-bearing layer (HBL) acts as the major barrier for pressure propagation during depressurization. Hydraulic fracturing by the combined depressurization is considered a promising hydrate production enhancement technology that can effectively improve the seepage state in the reservoir. In this study, to evaluate the effectiveness of the development methods association with fracturing, we established an idealized Class II hydrate reservoir and studied it using a multi-stage fractured horizontal well to assist in depressurization extraction. In order to evaluate the production enhancement effect of this method, we compared the gas production results of four methods, including single vertical well, vertical fractured well, horizontal well, and multistage fractured horizontal well through numerical simulation. In order to investigate the influence of key fracture parameters on the production enhancement effect, a sensitivity analysis of the production effect of Class II hydrate reservoirs with different fracture spacing, number of fractures, fracture conductivity, and fracture length was conducted, and the results were analyzed in terms of gas production and water production behavior curves as well as physical field evolution over time. The simulation results show that the multi-stage fractured horizontal wells have the best production increase in the comparison of well types. In the analysis of fracture parameters, it can be found that the selection of proper fracture spacing and dimensionless fracture conductivity can lead to a significant increase in gas production.

EVALUASI KINERJA PARKIR DI RUMAH SAKIT OTAK DR. DRS. M. HATTA BUKITTINGGI

Bukitinggi Brain Hospital is one of the best standardized and superior hospitals in Bukittinggi. From year to year, public visits to the Brain Hospital are increasing, so that many vehicles are parked at the hospital and need a proper parking space in the Bukittinggi Brain Hospital area. The method used is by conducting a preliminary survey at the study site, collecting primary data and secondary data and then analyzing the data obtained. From the results of the study, it was found that the space requirement was 68 for cars and 113 for motorbikes, while the comparison of the actual parking space requirements with the standard parking space requirements applicable at the Bukittinggi Brain Hospital was 2.23 beds/SRP and 1.37 beds/SRP for Standard Director General of Transportation 1996. It can be concluded that the parking area for motorbikes is still safe and does not experience a shortage of SRP (Parking Space Unit) while for car parking there is a shortage of parking space of 28 SRP (Parking Space Unit) with a size for one car of 2.3 x 5 meters, so the area of land that needs to be added is (2,3 x 5 x 170 x 117) = 228,735 m^2 for car parking.

Proper spaces are spectral

Since Hochster's work, spectral spaces have attracted increasing interest. Through this note we give a new self-contained and constructible topology-independent proof of the fact that the set of proper ideals of a ring endowed with coarse lower topology is a spectral space.

The Plateau-Douglas Problem for Singular Configurations and in General Metric Spaces

Assume you are given a finite configuration Gamma of disjoint rectifiable Jordan curves in {mathbb {R}}^n. The Plateau-Douglas problem asks whether there exists a minimizer of area among all compact surfaces of genus of at most p which span Gamma . While the solution to this problem is well-known, the classical approaches break down if one allows for singular configurations Gamma , where the curves are potentially non-disjoint or self-intersecting. Our main result solves the Plateau-Douglas problem for such potentially singular configurations. Moreover, our proof works not only in {mathbb {R}}^n but in general proper metric spaces. In particular, the existence of an area minimizer is new for disjoint configurations of Jordan curves in general complete Riemannian manifolds. A minimal surface of fixed genus p bounding a given configuration Gamma need not always exist, even in the most regular settings. Concerning this problem, we also generalize the approach for singular configurations via minimal sequences satisfying conditions of cohesion and adhesion to the setting of metric spaces.

Approximating spaces of Nagata dimension zero by weighted trees

We prove that if a metric space X has Nagata dimension zero with constant c, then there exists a dense subset of X that is 8c-bi-Lipschitz equivalent to a weighted tree. The factor 8 is the best possible if c=1; that is, if X is an ultrametric space. This yields a new proof of a result of Chan, Xia, Konjevod, and Richa. Moreover, as an application, we also obtain quantitative versions of certain metric embedding and Lipschitz extension results of Lang and Schlichenmaier. Finally, we prove a variant of our main theorem for 0-hyperbolic proper metric spaces. This generalizes a result of Gupta.

A Charge Conserving Exponential Predictor Corrector FEMPIC Formulation for Relativistic Particle Simulations

The state of art of charge conserving electromagnetic finite element particle-in-cell (EM-FEMPIC) has grown by leaps and bounds in the past few years. These advances have primarily been achieved for leap-frog time stepping schemes for Maxwell solvers, in large part, due to the method strictly following the proper space for representing fields, charges, and measuring currents. Unfortunately, leap-frog-based solvers (and their other incarnations) are only conditionally stable. Recent advances have made it possible to construct EM-FEMPIC methods built around unconditionally stable time-stepping methods while conserving charge. Together with the use of a quasi-Helmholtz decomposition, these methods were both unconditionally stable and satisfied Gauss’ laws to machine precision. However, this architecture was developed for systems with explicit particle integrators where fields and velocities were off by a time step. While completely self-consistent methods exist in the literature, they follow the classic rubric: collect a system of first-order differential equations (Maxwell and Newton equations) and use an integrator to solve the combined system. These methods suffer from the same side effect as earlier—they are conditionally stable. Here, we propose a different approach; we pair an unconditionally stable Maxwell solver to an exponential predictor corrector (PC) method for Newton’s equations. As we will show via numerical experiments, the proposed method conserves energy within a particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme, has an unconditionally stable electromagnetic (EM) solve, solves Newton’s equations to much higher accuracy than a traditional Boris solver, and conserves charge to machine precision. We further demonstrate benefits compared with other polynomial methods to solve Newton’s equations, like the well-known Boris push.

On isometric embeddings into the set of strongly norm-attaining Lipschitz functions

In this paper, we provide an infinite metric space M such that the set SNA(M) of strongly norm-attaining Lipschitz functions on M does not contain a subspace which is linearly isometric to c0. This answers a question posed by Antonio Avilés, Gonzalo Martínez-Cervantes, Abraham Rueda Zoca, and Pedro Tradacete. On the other hand, we prove that SNA(M) contains an isometric copy of c0 whenever M is an infinite metric space which is not uniformly discrete. In particular, the latter holds true for all infinite compact metric spaces while it does not hold true for all proper metric spaces. We also provide some positive results in the non-separable setting.

Maps of secular resonances in the NEO region

Context. From numerical simulations, it is known that some secular resonances may affect the motion of near-Earth objects (NEOs). However, the specific location of the secular resonance inside the NEO region is not fully known because the methods previously used to predict their location cannot be applied to highly eccentric orbits or the time when the NEOs cross the orbits of the planets. Aims. In this paper, we aim to map the secular resonances with the planets from Venus to Saturn in the NEO region, while including high eccentricity values as well. Methods. We used an averaged semi-analytical model that can deal with orbit-crossing singularities for the computation of the secular dynamics of NEOs, from which we were able to obtain suitable proper elements and proper frequencies. Then, we computed the proper frequencies over a uniform grid in the proper elements space. Secular resonances can thus be located by the level curves corresponding to the proper frequencies of the planets. Results. We determined the location of the secular resonances with the planets from Venus to Saturn, showing that they appear well within the NEO region. By using full numerical N-body simulations, we also showed that the location predicted by our method is fairly accurate. Finally, we provided some indications about possible dynamical paths inside the NEO region due to the presence of secular resonances.

AJICAP Second Generation: Improved Chemical Site-Specific Conjugation Technology for Antibody-Drug Conjugate Production.

The site-directed chemical conjugation of antibodies remains an area of great interest and active efforts within the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) community. We previously reported a unique site modification using a class of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) Fc-affinity reagents to establish a versatile, streamlined, and site-selective conjugation of native antibodies to enhance the therapeutic index of the resultant ADCs. This methodology, termed "AJICAP", successfully modified Lys248 of native antibodies to produce site-specific ADC with a wider therapeutic index than the Food and Drug Administration-approved ADC, Kadcyla. However, the long reaction sequences, including the reduction-oxidation (redox) treatment, increased the aggregation level. In this manuscript, we aimed to present an updated Fc-affinity-mediated site-specific conjugation technology named "AJICAP second generation" without redox treatment utilizing a "one-pot" antibody modification reaction. The stability of Fc affinity reagents was improved owing to structural optimization, enabling the production of various ADCs without aggregation. In addition to Lys248 conjugation, Lys288 conjugated ADCs with homogeneous drug-to-antibody ratio of 2 were produced using different Fc affinity peptide reagent possessing a proper spacer linkage. These two conjugation technologies were used to produce over 20 ADCs from several combinations of antibodies and drug linkers. The in vivo profile of Lys248 and Lys288 conjugated ADCs was also compared. Furthermore, nontraditional ADC production, such as antibody-protein conjugates and antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, were achieved. These results strongly indicate that this Fc affinity conjugation approach is a promising strategy for manufacturing site-specific antibody conjugates without antibody engineering.