Proper Mapping Research Articles

The Mimic Man in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss

Spread over continents, countries and cultures, Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006) takes us on a tour de force into the realms of multiculturalism and hybridity in Indian culture. It focuses on the changing face of India, amidst East - West encounter, globalization and glocalization. The novel as a postcolonial text puts forth, the authority politics of cultural imperialism, even after the independence of India. This paper appraises the novel using Homi. K. Bhabha’s theory of mimicry, hybridity and ambivalence. It concentrates on the mimic man of the novel Judge Jemubhai Patel. This paper focuses on the hybridization of culture along with the making of reformed hybrids who are in a constant conflict with their identity, language and culture on account of the praxis between the culture of the colonized and the colonizer during and after colonization of the colonized. This paper recommends proper mapping of mimicry and hybridity with indigenous culture, values and ethics. It advocates sowing and stringing in cultural amalgamation and westernization in indigenous Indian culture and ethos for a better life and better Indian society.

History of geodetic works in Vojvodina (Northern Serbia) and use of old maps in Serbian national spatial data infrastructure

Imperial hegemony established by the Habsburg Monarchy relied upon proper mapping during its conquests. The need for the development of geodesy and establishing reference frames was important. Until the end of the First World War, Vojvodina belonged to the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, so all of its surveys were carried out as part of many organized land surveys in the Monarchy. Today, more than 100 years after Vojvodina became the Autonomous Province of Serbia, the network developed by the Monarchy and cadastral plans from that period are still in use. In this paper, in addition to a historical overview of military and cadastral surveys in Vojvodina, we will show data that have historical significance and are available on the Internet and in historical archives. We will also emphasize how the maps available in historical archives of the neighbouring countries could have been used to set up Serbian national spatial data infrastructure.

Nervous Activity of the Brain in Five Dimensions

The nervous activity of the brain takes place in higher-dimensional functional spaces. It has been proposed that the brain might be equipped with phase spaces characterized by four spatial dimensions plus time, instead of the classical three plus time. This suggests that global visualization methods for exploiting four-dimensional maps of three-dimensional experimental data sets might be used in neuroscience. We asked whether it is feasible to describe the four-dimensional trajectories (plus time) of two-dimensional (plus time) electroencephalographic traces (EEG). We made use of quaternion orthographic projections to map to the surface of four-dimensional hyperspheres EEG signal patches treated with Fourier analysis. Once achieved the proper quaternion maps, we show that this multi-dimensional procedure brings undoubted benefits. The treatment of EEG traces with Fourier analysis allows the investigation the scale-free activity of the brain in terms of trajectories on hyperspheres and quaternionic networks. Repetitive spatial and temporal patterns undetectable in three dimensions (plus time) are easily enlightened in four dimensions (plus time). Further, a quaternionic approach makes it feasible to identify spatially far apart and temporally distant periodic trajectories with the same features, such as, e.g., the same oscillatory frequency or amplitude. This leads to an incisive operational assessment of global or broken symmetries, domains of attraction inside three-dimensional projections and matching descriptions between the apparently random paths hidden in the very structure of nervous fractal signals.

Multiscale analysis of out-of-plane masonry elements using different structural models at macro and microscale

A novel two-scale modeling approach, linking different structural models at macro and microscale, is proposed to describe response of masonry walls with periodic texture. At the higher macroscopic scale, the real heterogeneous material is modeled as a homogenized medium, considering the classical Mindlin-Reissner theory for flat shells. At the lower microscopic scale, a representative masonry Unit Cell (UC), accounting for the actual geometry, arrangement and nonlinear behavior of constituent materials, is analyzed in detail by resorting to a three-dimensional Cauchy model. The UC is modeled as the assembly of elastic bricks and nonlinear zero-thickness interfaces, in which the sliding frictional and damaging mechanisms are concentrated. To perform the macro–micro information transition a proper kinematic map is defined, whereas the upscaling process is performed via a homogenization procedure based on the Transformation Field Analysis (TFA), properly extended to the case of interfaces. The developed homogenization procedure invokes a generalized Hill-Mandel principle and requires to satisfy ‘non-standard’ constraints at the microlevel, for which the perturbed Lagrangian method is employed.Numerical applications are performed to prove the model efficiency in describing the response of a running bond UC subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane loads. Special attention is devoted to the analysis of shell bending and shear behavior, comparing the results obtained with the proposed model with those recovered by detailed micromechanical analyses.

Spaceborne C-band SAR remote sensing-based flood mapping and runoff estimation for 2019 flood scenario in Rupnagar, Punjab, India.

Floods are one of the most disastrous and dangerous catastrophes faced by humanity for ages. Though mostly deemed a natural phenomenon, floods can be anthropogenic and can be equally devastating in modern times. Remote sensing with its non-evasive data availability and high temporal resolution stands unparalleled for flood mapping and modelling. Since floods in India occur mainly in monsoon months, optical remote sensing has limited applications in proper flood mapping owing to lesser number of cloud-free days. Remotely sensed microwave/synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data has penetration ability and has high temporal data availability, making it both weather independent and highly versatile for the study of floods. This study uses space-borne SAR data in C-band with VV (vertically emitted and vertically received) and VH (vertically emitted and horizontally received) polarization channels from Sentinel-1A satellite for SAR interferometry-based flood mapping and runoff modeling for Rupnagar (Punjab) floods of 2019. The flood maps were prepared using coherence-based thresholding, and digital elevation map (DEM) was prepared by correlating the unwrapped phase to elevation. The DEM was further used for Soil Conservation Service-curve number (SCS-CN)-based runoff modelling. The maximum runoff on 18 August 2019 was 350mm while the average daily rainfall was 120mm. The estimated runoff significantly correlated with the rainfall with an R2 statistics value of 0.93 for 18 August 2019. On 18 August 2019, Rupnagar saw the most devastating floods and waterlogging that submerged acres of land and displaced thousands of people.

Service blueprint of comprehensive medication management: A mapping for outpatient clinics.

Comprehensive medication management (CMM) is a clinical service based on the theoretical and methodological framework of pharmaceutical care. Service blueprint is one of the most widespread visual tools of service design. It enables description of the processes involved in service provision that ultimately define patient experience. Although studies have shown the clinical, humanistic and economic benefits of CMM, its provision still involves several challenges, which can be minimized with the proper mapping of this service. However, this initiative has not yet been described in the literature using this specific tool. To develop, apply and improve a blueprint for CMM services delivered in the ambulatory setting. This qualitative study was organized in two phases. In phase 1, two expert panels were carried out to jointly create a generic service blueprint-model for CMM on ambulatory care involving nine specialists with diverse experiences in the area. In phase 2, the generic model was applied and improved in a public rheumatology clinic. The outcome of phase 2 was defined as the final generic service blueprint-model for CMM in the ambulatory setting. The final generic blueprint-model created has 21 customer actions, of which 2 are considered critical (with great potential for failure and to compromise the patient's experience with the service): "seeking and accepting the service invitation" and "accepting the care plan co-created with the pharmacist". Fifteen backstage actions (without the patient's awareness) were identified, and the most critical occurred in the post-service, such as collection of indicators. The need for 7 support processes was also identified, and 3 of which were critical. Nineteen physical pieces of evidence for the user of CMM service were defined, with consultation room as the only physical piece of evidence considered critical. The developed service blueprint can improve the patient's experience with CMM and facilitate communication with decision makers and other stakeholders. The model is proposed as a reference that can be customized to different ambulatory care settings.

Rigidity of Proper Holomorphic Maps between Type-I Irreducible Bounded Symmetric Domains

Abstract We study proper holomorphic maps between type-$\textrm {I}$ irreducible bounded symmetric domains. In particular, we obtain rigidity results for such maps under certain assumptions. More precisely, let $f:D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}\to D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime },q^{\prime }}$ be a proper holomorphic map, where $p\ge q\ge 2$ and $q^{\prime }<\min \{2q-1,p\}$. Then, we show that $p^{\prime }\ge p$ and $q^{\prime }\ge q$. Moreover, we prove that there exist automorphisms $\psi $ and $\Phi $ of $D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}$ and $D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime },q^{\prime }}$, respectively, such that $f=\Phi \circ G_h\circ \psi $ for some map $G_h:D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}\to D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime },q^{\prime }}$ defined by $G_h(Z):= \left [\begin {array}{cc} Z & \textbf {0}\\ \textbf {0} & h(Z) \end {array}\right ]$ for all $Z\in D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}$, where $h:D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}\to D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime }-p,q^{\prime }-q}$ is a holomorphic map.

Lefschetz theorem for holomorphic one-forms on weakly 1-complete manifolds

For a holomorphic one-form \({\xi }\) on a weakly 1-complete manifold X with certain properties, we will discuss the connectivity of the pair \((\hat{X},F^{-1}(z))\), where \(\pi :\hat{X} \rightarrow X\) is a covering map and F is a holomorphic function on \(\hat{X}\) such that \(dF=\pi ^*{\xi }\). We will also discuss the criteria about when such a manifold X admits a proper holomorphic mapping onto a Riemann surface.

A QoS provisioning architecture of fiber wireless network based on XGPON and IEEE 802.11ac

Abstract The integration of the XGPON network with the 5G WLAN network is a suitable solution for next-generation high-speed access Internet service. We demonstrated the integration of two different standards via the QoS concept. Further, this work also presents a proper mapping scheme of QoS traffic between XG-PON and fifth-generation Wi-Fi standards known as IEEE 802.11ac. The analysis assessment compares the behavior of different IEEE 802.11ac standards with XGPON with-respect-to multimedia traffic in the FiWi network. To assess the performance of the FiWi network, the OMNET++ and INET framework are used to carrying out a comparative analysis in terms of upstream (US) delay and fairness index. The study concludes that the EDCA Wi-Fi module has better performance than the DCF Wi-Fi module with the integrated XGPON system for the FiWi access network.

Geometric characterizations of canal surfaces with Frenet center curves

<abstract> In this work, we study the canal surfaces foliated by pseudo hyperbolic spheres $ \mathbb{H}_{0}^{2} $ along a Frenet curve in terms of their Gauss maps in Minkowski 3-space. Such kind of surfaces with pointwise 1-type Gauss maps are classified completely. For example, an oriented canal surface that has proper pointwise 1-type Gauss map of the first kind satisfies $ \Delta \mathbb{G} = -2K\mathbb{G}, $ where $ K $ and $ \mathbb{G} $ is the Gaussian curvature and the Gauss map of the canal surface, respectively. </abstract>

Power-Efficient Mapping of Large Applications on Modern Heterogeneous FPGAs

The increasing size of modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) allows for ever more complex applications to be mapped onto them. However, long design implementation times for large designs can severely affect design productivity. A modular design methodology can improve design productivity in a divide and conqueror fashion but at the expense of degraded performance and power consumption of the resulting implementation. To reduce the dominant power dissipation component in FPGAs, the routing power, methodologies have been proposed that consider data communication between modules during module formation and placement on the FPGA. Selecting proper mapping region on target FPGAs, on the other hand, is becoming a critical process because of the heterogeneous resources and column arrangements in modern FPGAs. Selecting inappropriate FPGA regions for mapping could lead to degraded performance. Hence, we propose a methodology that uses communication-aware module placement, such that modules are mapped by selecting the best shape and region on the FPGA factoring the columnar resource arrangements. Additionally, techniques for module locking and splitting have been proposed for deterministic convergence of the algorithm and for improved module placement. This methodology exhibits nearly 19% routing power reduction with respect to commercial CAD flows without any degradation in achievable performance.

Macaulayfication of Noetherian schemes

To reduce to resolving Cohen–Macaulay singularities, Faltings initiated the program of “Macaulayfying” a given Noetherian scheme X. For a wide class of X, Kawasaki built the sought-for Cohen–Macaulay modifications, with a crucial drawback that his blowups did not preserve the locus CM(X)⊂X, where X is already Cohen–Macaulay. We extend Kawasaki’s methods to show that every quasi-excellent, Noetherian scheme X has a Cohen–Macaulay X˜ with a proper map X˜→X that is an isomorphism over CM(X). This completes Faltings’s program, reduces the conjectural resolution of singularities to the Cohen–Macaulay case, and implies that every proper, smooth scheme over a number field has a proper, flat, Cohen–Macaulay model over the ring of integers.

Proper holomorphic maps of bounded two-dimensional Reinhardt domains. I

The structure of proper holomorphic maps with multiplicity higher than one from bounded Reinhardt domains in onto two-dimensional complex manifolds is described.

Identification of non-local continua for lattice-like materials

The paper is focused on the dynamic homogenization of lattice-like materials with lumped mass at the nodes to obtain energetically consistent models providing accurate descriptions of the acoustic behavior of the discrete system. The equation of motion of the Lagrangian one-dimensional lattice is transformed according to a unitary approach aimed to identify equivalent non-local continuum models of integral-differential and gradient type, the latter obtained through standard or enhanced continualization. The bilateral Z-transform of the difference equation of motion of the lattice, mapped on the unit circle, is matched to the governing integral-differential equation of the equivalent continuum in the transformed Fourier space, which has the same frequency band structure as the Lagrangian one. Firstly, it is shown that the approximation of the kernels via Taylor polynomials leads to the differential field equations of higher order continua endowed with non-local constitutive terms. The field equations derived from such approach corresponds to the ones obtained through the so called standard continualization. However, the differential problem turns out to be ill-posed because the non-positive definiteness of the potential energy density of the higher order continuum. Energetically consistent equivalent continua have been identified through a proper mapping correlating the transformed macro-displacements in the Fourier space with a new auxiliary regularizing continuum macro-displacement field in the same space. Specifically, the mapping here introduced has zeros at the edge of the first Brillouin zone. The integral-differential governing equation and the corresponding differential one has been reformulated through an enhanced continualization, that is characterized by energetically consistent differential equations with inertial and constitutive non-localities. Here, the constitutive and inertial kernels of the integral-differential equation exhibit polar singularities at the edge of the first Brillouin zone. The proposed approach is generalized in a consistent way to two-dimensional lattices by using multidimensional Z- and Fourier transforms, a procedure that may be easily extended to three-dimensional lattices. Finally, two examples of lattice-like systems consisting of periodic pre-stressed cable-nets of point mass at the nodes are analyzed. The resulting gradient continuum models provide dispersion curves who are in excellent agreement with those of the Lagrangian systems.

Effect Evaluation of Spatial Characteristics on Map Matching-Based Indoor Positioning.

Map-matching is a popular method that uses spatial information to improve the accuracy of positioning methods. The performance of map matching methods is closely related to spatial characteristics. Although several studies have demonstrated that certain map matching algorithms are affected by some spatial structures (e.g., parallel paths), they focus on the analysis of single map matching method or few spatial structures. In this study, we explored how the most commonly-used four spatial characteristics (namely forks, open spaces, corners, and narrow corridors) affect three popular map matching methods, namely particle filtering (PF), hidden Markov model (HMM), and geometric methods. We first provide a theoretical analysis on how spatial characteristics affect the performance of map matching methods, and then evaluate these effects through experiments. We found that corners and narrow corridors are helpful in improving the positioning accuracy, while forks and open spaces often lead to a larger positioning error. We hope that our findings are helpful for future researchers in choosing proper map matching algorithms with considering the spatial characteristics.

Holomorphic mappings between domains with low boundary regularity

We study the boundary regularity of proper holomorphic mappings between strictly pseudoconvex domains with boundaries of low regularity.

Sliding Bifurcations in the Memristive Murali–Lakshmanan–Chua Circuit and the Memristive Driven Chua Oscillator

In this paper, we report the occurrence of sliding bifurcations admitted by the memristive Murali–Lakshmanan–Chua circuit [Ishaq &amp; Lakshmanan, 2013] and the memristive driven Chua oscillator [Ishaq et al., 2011]. Both of these circuits have a flux-controlled active memristor designed by the authors in 2011, as their nonlinear element. The three-segment piecewise-linear characteristic of this memristor bestows on the circuits two discontinuity boundaries, dividing their phase spaces into three subregions. For proper choice of parameters, these circuits take on a degree of smoothness equal to one at each of their two discontinuities, thereby causing them to behave as Filippov systems. Sliding bifurcations, which are characteristic of Filippov systems, arise when the periodic orbits in each of the subregions, interact with the discontinuity boundaries, giving rise to many interesting dynamical phenomena. The numerical simulations are carried out after incorporating proper zero time discontinuity mapping (ZDM) corrections. These are found to agree well with the experimental observations which we report here appropriately.

Quantitative evaluation of different high-density 3D mapping modes for atrial and ventricular substrate assessment of cardiac arrhythmias with the HD grid catheter

BackgroundAtrial and ventricular arrhythmias significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality of patients with cardiac disease. Ablation of these arrhythmias has shown to improve clinical outcomes, yet targeted ablation strategies rely on proper mapping capabilities. In the present study, we compare different modes of high-resolution mapping in clinically relevant arrhythmias using HD grid. Methods and resultsUsing the Advisor™ HD Grid Mapping Catheter in either the standard, the wave (bipolar along spline and bipolar orthogonal) or the wave diagonal setting, low-voltage areas were determined. Low-voltage was defined as local electrograms with an amplitude <0.5 mV (bipolar; atria/ventricle) or <4 mV (unipolar; ventricle). Ultra high-density mapping in 47 patients with ventricular tachycardia, ventricular premature beats, atrial fibrillation and atrial tachycardia provided reliable information for the understanding of the arrhythmia mechanism resulting in safe ablation procedures. Regions of low voltage were significantly decreased by 14 ± 2% and 31 ± 3% with wave and wave diagonal settings as compared to standard settings, respectively. ConclusionSubstrate mapping and risk stratification relies on proper low voltage discrimination. Even though the Advisor™ HD Grid Mapping Catheter was safely used in all cases, the extent of low voltage areas was mapping-mode dependent.

A Compressed Sensing Approach for Multiple Obstacle Localisation Using Sonar Sensors in Air.

Methods for autonomous navigation systems using sonars in air traditionally use the time-of-flight technique for obstacle detection and environment mapping. However, this technique suffers from constructive and destructive interference of ultrasonic reflections from multiple obstacles in the environment, requiring several acquisitions for proper mapping. This paper presents a novel approach for obstacle detection and localisation using inverse problems and compressed sensing concepts. Experiments were conducted with multiple obstacles present in a controlled environment using a hardware platform with four transducers, which was specially designed for sending, receiving and acquiring raw ultrasonic signals. A comparison between the performance of compressed sensing using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit and two traditional image reconstruction methods was conducted. The reconstructed 2D images representing the cross-section of the sensed environment were quantitatively assessed, showing promising results for robotic mapping tasks using compressed sensing.

On Second-Order Composed Proto-Differentiability of Proper Perturbation Maps in Parametric Vector Optimization Problems

The main aim of this paper is to study second-order sensitivity analysis in parametric vector optimization problems. We prove that the proper perturbation maps and the proper efficient solution maps of parametric vector optimization problems are second-order composed proto-differentiable under some appropriate qualification conditions. Some examples are provided to illustrate our results.