Proper Language Research Articles

Peningkatan Kemampuan Penulisan Surat Dinas para Pegawai Administrasi

This study focuses on the challenges of writing official letters in accordance with correct and proper language guidelines. The background of this research includes difficulties in composing official letters that adhere to the guidelines, understanding language rules (PUEBI, TBBI), and using appropriate language in writing official letters. The study offers three solutions: (a) conducting academic studies, simplifying the guidelines, and contextualizing them; (b) providing assistance in the form of small groups to apply language rules in composing official letters so that PUEBI can be implemented; (c) providing guidance and training in writing official letters using proper, logical, informative, and unambiguous language. The research methodology employs a problem-solving approach combined with focus group discussions (FGD), beginning with an analysis of conditions and problems, formulating directed problems, implementing problem-solving training for letter writing, and conducting evaluations.

ТИПОЛОГИЯ НЕКОТОРЫХ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ АНГЛИЙСКОГО И РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ В ТЕОРИИ КОММУНИКАТИВНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ

Typology of some Lexical Features of English and Russian Languages in the Theory of Communicative competence Summary The article deals with a small comparative grammar analysis of English and Russian languages and reveals some aspects of communicative competence in the study of these languages. It also analyzes the most effective teaching methods for developing communicative competence. In the modern world, knowledge of foreign languages is becoming vital for a person. And from this point of view, the process of proper language teaching is important. Communicative competence plays a big role in learning foreign languages. In this article, we tried to give a small description of the theory of communicative competence by comparing some lexical features of English and Russian languages. Key words: language, communicative competence, linguistic competence, language competence

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to Enhance the Expressive Language Skills of Children with Developmental Language Disorders

A B S T R A C T Expressive language disorder is a child's inability to express the words and sentences they want to say in accordance with the proper language order. As a result, the subject has no friends at school, has difficulty communicating, is unable to articulate his wishes, and in the end often fights with his friends. This study aims to determine the role of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) in improving expressive language skills in children with expressive language disorders. The subject is a boy aged 3 years and 6 months who was diagnosed with expressive language disorder. This study applies an experimental methodology and a single-subject research design. PECS was given to children for 6 meeting sessions. The results of this study were analyzed using descriptive analysis which showed an increase in the subject's expressive language skills after the intervention. Keywords : Language development disorders, expressive language skills, Picture Exchange Communication System

Study Social Media Interconnectedness To Strategy Marketing with Internal Language Dimensions Smart Heritage Market Context : A Study Badung Market Case

Study This aim For investigate connection between strategy marketing and dimensions Language in legacy market context smart (Smart Heritage Market), with focus on the Badung Market Case . In context globalization , legacy markets like Badung Market face challenge For still relevant and competitive in the digital era. One of aspect important from legacy market transformation being “smart” is use strategy effective marketing that leverages riches culture and history of the market . Beside that , language also holds role key in build market identity , communicating values legacy , and interesting interest consumer . Studies This use approach qualitative with interview depth and observation to practice marketing and use language at Badung Market . Analysis results show that strategy successful marketing in legacy markets must consider context culture and history local , as well utilise digital technology with wise . Use proper language , fine in promotion nor interaction direct with customers , too factor important in build connection emotional and empowering market image . Study This give contribute to understanding about How strategy marketing and dimensions Language each other influence in legacy market context clever . Implications practically including recommendation for holder heritage market interests For develop strategy more marketing effective and language - based , as well utilise potency technology For increase experience consumers and promote inheritance culture in a way sustainable . Keywords : Language Dimensions , Strategy Marketing , Smart Heritage Market, Badung Market

Practice Makes Perfect: Objective Structured Clinical Examinations Across the UME-to-GME Continuum Improve Care of Transgender Simulated Patients.

Background Residents lack confidence in caring for transgender individuals. More exposure and practice throughout training is needed. Objective To explore whether and how prior exposure to transgender health skills during medical school impacted competency with these skills during residency. Methods In 2022, all 101 internal medicine residents at New York University Grossman School of Medicine participated in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) station as part of their annual formative assessment where they cared for a standardized patient (SP) who identified as transgender. Three SPs who were members of the transgender community were recruited through online and social media forums. Two resident groups (continuum vs noncontinuum) differed in their prior experiences with transgender OSCEs during medical school. We analyzed SPs' ratings of resident performance using checklist data and SP open-ended feedback to compare performance between groups and resident post-OSCE evaluations to understand residents' perceptions of the educational value of the case. Results Residents with prior experience with transgender SPs (continuum) were more frequently recommended by SPs (88% [21 of 24] vs 70% [54 of 77]) to a family member or friend, were all rated professional (100% [24 of 24] vs 94% [72 of 94]) and scored better in pain information-gathering (92% vs 65%, mean summary score) and gender-affirming care skills (67% vs 52%, mean summary score). Noncontinuum residents lacked experience, missed opportunities to ask about gender identity, and needed work on demonstrating comfort and using proper language. Most residents completing a post-OSCE evaluation (80%, 41 of 51) rated the case as "very valuable." Conclusions Spaced practice and feedback through early exposure to transgender OSCEs were valuable for skill acquisition, giving continuum residents a learning advantage compared to noncontinuum residents.

The Nature of Television and Radio Programs and Their Influence in the Growth of Kiswahili among University Students in Kenya

Purpose: This paper traces the place of the nature of programmes in Kenyan media and their influence on Kiswahili growth among university students studying journalism in Kenyan universities. Three fundamental concerns were on focus here; Length of programs; language in programs and the type of Programs.
 Methodology: The study used mixed method design to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. It targeted University students sampled from 4 public Universities in Nairobi County. A sample size of 327 students was used. Focus group discussions involving 32 participants were also involved. Four Swahili experts were interviewed to get expert opinion. Multi-stage sampling design was used to select the sample for the survey. This sampling technique was appropriate because the study sample was selected in stages using stratified random sampling and simple random sampling technique. Purposive sampling was used to collect qualitative data. The tools used to collect data were questionnaire for quantitative data, interview schedule for key informants and interview guide for focus group discussions. These were to help to assess the influence of the nature of programmes in media organizations on the growth of Kiswahili among university students in Kenya. The study triangulated quantitative and qualitative data to give results shared in this paper. Data was then analyzed using SPSS (version 20) statistical program. Inferential statistics used were descriptive, correlation regression and ANOVA. Data was presented using tables.
 Findings: Findings show that nature of programmes has a significant effect on the growth of Kiswahili.For instance, majority of the respondents agreed that the length of Swahili programs in media have made them develop positive attitude toward Kiswahili. Additionally, they agreed that the nature of language used in presenting Swahili programmes makes them use correct grammar. The study also noted that the respondents agreed that the types of programs have significant influence on their Swahili vocabulary.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social Learning Theory posits that learning takes place in a social context through observation or direct instruction. People learn the tenets of language through these various types of programmes which carry instructions and are observable. For the Behaviorist Theory of Language Development focus is on objectively observable behaviors where learning is acquired based on environmental conditions (McLeod, 2016). Language acquisition, use and growth has been as a result of emulating what is going on around the learner. The Cultivation theory that suggests television is responsible for shaping or cultivating viewer conceptions of social reality has it that TV viewing affects the language development of children through role modeling where children always want to behave like the characters they see and end up developing language aspects such as pronunciation, intonations and vocabulary like those of the TV and Radio presenter believing that that is the way the world is.For practice and policy media literacy to practitioners has been found to be a necessary educational tool for them to understand the type of media content to interact with if they have to grow their language capabilities. There is need to increase knowledge of risks involved in use of hybrid Kiswahili. While this is so language policy should encompass organizing workshops and seminars for the youth to sensitize them on proper language.

Формирование профессиональной идентичности студентов-медиков в процессе языковой подготовки: коммуникативный аспект

The article considers the communicative aspect of training future medical specialists for professional activity in the context of intercultural interaction. International cooperation in the field of medicine, which has increased due to the social and political importance of healthcare, increases the requirements for the professional language training of medical students, for their professional communication skills in a foreign language. The participation of medical specialists in the programs "Doctors without Borders" and the International Committee of the Red Cross requires future doctors not only proper language training, but also effective communication skills in a professional environment. It is assumed that the formation of the professional identity of medical university students can be effectively implemented if it is focused on the communicative aspect of professional language training.
 
 The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the communicative aspect of the language training of medical university students in the process of forming their professional identity.
 
 The research is based on occupational and linguistic-cultural methodological approaches. The significant role of the communicative aspect in the process of language training in the formation of the professional identity of medical university students is shown. The most important areas of professionally oriented language training are identified and characterized – training in professional communication, accuracy and clarity in the use of medical terminology, consultations with patients, registration of medical documentation and familiarization of future doctors with scientific research in a foreign language. The features of professional communication in the medical field in the context of intercultural interaction are revealed. It is proved that professional language training focused on the study of special medical terminology, cultural aspects, examples of medical documentation, as well as the participation of medical students in research activities contribute to the development of communication skills of future doctors in the process of forming their professional identity.
 
 The prospects for further research may be related to the study of the influence of the digital educational environment of the university on the process of forming the professional identity of medical students in the process of language training.

Analisa Kesalahan dalam Berbicara dan Berbahasa pada Diskusi Anak Sekolah Dasar Kelas III dengan Konsep Morfologis di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ali Imran Medan

This article aims to share an understanding of the use of proper language by third-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ali Imran Medan Elementary School. Many students have pronunciation errors that need to be studied in terms of the dictionary and morphology. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method with direct observation and observation of students at school. The results show that many third-grade students use standard language mixed with everyday language, so their pronunciation is not pleasant when applied, and they are used to using regional accents so that when pronunciation using Indonesian feels foreign. The purpose of this research is to help students speak in accordance with good and proper rules.

PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGIZATION OF THE MODERN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

It is always important to talk about the purity of language, as language is one of the main means of communication and expression. Here are some reasons why it is important today: a). Ensuring clarity: The use of correct language facilitates understanding between language promotes understanding between interlocutors. Incorrect use of words, grammatical structures or pronunciation can lead to misunderstandings. b). Professional credibility: In many areas of life, correct speech can affect the first impression and the level of professional credibility. Competent language shows the culture of the interlocutor and their level of education. c). Preservation of cultural heritage: Language is not only a means of communication, but also a part of cultural heritage. Compliance with the rules of the language contributes to preservation and development of language culture. d). Effective communication: Correct speech helps you to express your thoughts, ideas and feelings effectively. People with right speech can express yourself more accurately and clearly. These topics can occur in a variety of contexts, from academic discussions to practical measures to improve speech culture. The authors of this article consider several factors that may affect the ability of Ukrainians to speak the correct literary language: 1). The influence of dialects and language variants: Ukraine has many regional dialects and language variants that can affect the way words are pronounced, word usage and grammar. 2). Language contact: The richness of language contact in Ukraine can lead to the borrowing of words, phrases and grammatical constructions that do not always meet the standards of the literary Ukrainian language. 3). Lack of language education: Lack of opportunities to receive quality language education or insufficient attention to language literacy in the programs can affect the level of language skills. 4). Socio-cultural context: Socio-cultural factors such as social status, education, media, and the influence of the Internet can influence the language behavior and word use of Ukrainians. 5). Lack of motivation: Lack of motivation to learn and use the correct language can be an obstacle for Ukrainians. 6). Political and historical context: Historical events and political processes also influence Ukrainians' language choices and speech practices. As a result of these factors, Ukrainians may have different levels of language literacy and use of the literary language. However, the interest in improving language skills and proper language education can help to improve this situation. Thus, it is important to talk about language purity today in order to maintain quality communication, preserve cultural heritage and increase the level of professional trust.

SPEECH DEVELOPMENT IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Speech development is a complex process influenced by various factors, which are very important. From birth, a child is surrounded by sounds coming from the environment, and for them to be able to produce sounds themselves, they need time and interaction with others. A child often experiences the first interaction with the parents, whose role is to provide the child with a safe and stimulating speaking environment and care for his speech development. As the child grows, they get to know other people, most often the teacher and the children in the educational groups with whom they interact. However, there are children who, despite proper cognitive development, proper hearing, and good health, show certain deviations from proper language development. It is considered that these children follow the course of regular language development, only that it develops more slowly than in children who do not belong to this group. Significant deviations from proper language development make it difficult for children to communicate already in the early years of life, which ultimately results in lower achievements in school.
 It is a well-known fact that children acquire knowledge through play, which, in addition to being interesting and fun, provides great benefits. In addition to the environment, language games play an important role in developing speech and speaking skills. Playing language games affects the child’s activity and speech training, especially if the child is faced with articulation or other speech disorders already at an early age. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the importance of language games in preschool and the child’s environment for their normal and overall development. Language games can precisely enable such children to successfully solve challenges.

Incomplete mechanisms of authorities in issues of ensuring the functioning of the Ukrainian language as a state language

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the current legislation regulating the issues of ensuring the functioning of the Ukrainian language as a state language. Analyzed such basic legal acts as the Constitution of Ukraine and the Laws of Ukraine "On ensuring the functioning of the Ukrainian language as a state language", "About Higher Education". It is determined, that the status of the Ukrainian language as a single state language in Ukraine is determined exclusively by the Constitution of Ukraine, and the procedure for the functioning and use of the state language is exclusively determined by law. The current legal acts contain gaps that are persistent.
 Based on the results of the study, the author's vision of ways to regulate the imperfection of the mechanism of state power has been formed. Namely, it is proposed to supplement Article 10 of Section III of the Law of Ukraine “On Ensuring the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as a State Language” with part 4 as follows: “as an alternative, the level of proficiency in the state language by persons, defined in the first and second parts of Article 9 of this Law, is certified by a document with Unified State Electronic Database on Education. This clarification in some cases will help simplify the mechanism for assessing the level of proficiency in the state language of military personnel serving in higher military educational institutions as scientific and pedagogical workers, as well as eliminate negative reactions from society regarding the failure to confirm the level of proficiency in the state language of persons applying for individual elective positions (Deputies of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine). After all, all citizens of Ukraine are equal before the Law and proper language skills are an integral part of professional competence, a guarantee of success in the profession, as well as an indicator of the general culture of the individual.
 In addition, the article emphasizes that insufficient legal work and legal culture of local officials remain the problematic issues, faced by contract military personnel serving in the positions of scientific and pedagogical workers in institutions of higher military education. Therefore, one of the ways to increase the effectiveness of legal awareness of both military personnel (under contract) in the security and defense sector and officials of public authorities is to strengthen the work in teams on the interpretation of legal norms and ways to implement them

Development and Impact of the Use of Slang on Instagram Social Media on Teenagers and Society: Case Study of Indonesian in the Digital Era

The use of slang in Instagram social media among teenagers has become a significant phenomenon. This article investigates the factors that influence the use of slang and its impact on adolescents. The results of the study show that the development of the times, the influence of the internet and electronic media have contributed to the spread of slang. The impact of using slang includes expression of positive identity and more intimate communication, but also includes the potential for decreased interest in good and correct Indonesian, ambiguity in official vocabulary, and negative use. In this digital era, it is important to understand the consequences of using slang on social media and how education and awareness about proper language can help young people overcome this challenge.

THE COMPARISON OF PHONEME PRONUNCIATION PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE OF ق [Q] IN SUNDANESE AND JAVANESE SPEAKERS

The study analyses the phonological interference of phoneme pronunciation [q] by Sundanese and Javanese speakers compared with Arabic speakers. The researchers used a descriptive comparative qualitative method. The researchers listened, took notes, and documented the voice recordings of male students from the Sundanese and Javanese ethnic groups when reading the Qur'an to collect research data and analyse it using Praat software version 6.2.13. From the results of the recordings, Sundanese-speaking students and Javanese speakers would then be compared with reference speakers, namely Syekh Sa'ad Al-ghamidi, who has the capability of reciting verses from the Qur'an. The research results indicated phonological interference in the phoneme [q] when Sundanese and Javanese male students read the Qur'an. The factor contributing to the occurrence of pronunciation errors in the phoneme [q] was the transfer of SL and JL elements when using AL. Errors occurred due to deviations from the proper language rules. The research is expected to have positive implications, minimizing interference and increasing fluency in reading the Qur'an.

The Life Diabetes Conversation Map Improves Control of Diabetes Among the Elderly: Challenges and Modifications for the Indonesian Community - An Integrative Review

The number of people who have diabetes has been increasing rapidly. Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuous intervention to prevent long-term complications and lower the financial burden of treatments. In the elderly, diabetes is linked to higher mortality, reduced functionality, and increased risk of hospitalization. Educational tools that cater to the elderly need to be used to improve the quality and outcomes of patient education among those with diabetes. This paper discussed strategies for improvement using the Life Diabetes Conversation Map in diabetes self-management education among the elderly with diabetes. We conducted a non-systematic search to find evidence from online databases using the keywords: diabetes conversation map, diabetes education, and elderly. Then, we discussed and conducted an integrative review of the Life Diabetes Conversation Map based on how it works, and the benefits and the feasibility or challenges for the Indonesian community. Our findings suggested that the Diabetes Conversation Map was an innovative patient educational tool that used interactive group participation to empower people with diabetes to become actively involved in managing the disease. The maps are a series of pictorial guides through which people engage in discussion and share their beliefs and their experiences of living with diabetes which has many benefits. Challenges for the Indonesian community included needing further innovation for proper language and cultural adjustment and integration into the Public Health Centers’ activities as a primary health care service. Along with these activities, elders could join cooking activities or regular aerobic exercise.
 Keywords: self-management education, Diabetes conversation maps, public health center activity, elderly

PECULIARITIES OF SPEECH CULTURE IN BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

This article focuses on the importance of language culture in the context of business communication. In today's world, business communication has become an integral part of the successful operation of any organization. It includes information exchange, negotiations, presentations, and communication with clients and colleagues, making language culture a crucial aspect of its effectiveness. The authors examine the key aspects of language culture in the business environment and its impact on communication outcomes in organizations, emphasizing the importance of proper language usage, expressiveness, speech structure, and other essential elements of language culture for achieving business communication goals. Special attention is given to the intercultural aspects of business communication since many companies in the modern world have international connections and interact with clients and partners from different countries and cultures. The article analyzes the challenges associated with differences in cultural norms and communication requirements and provides recommendations for effective communication in intercultural contexts. The impact of modern information technologies on language culture in business communication is also discussed. Communication through email, video conferences, social networks, and other tools has undergone significant changes in recent years, and this has a significant influence on how language is used in the business environment. The article calls for the development of language culture skills as an essential aspect of professional development. It provides readers with practical advice and tools for improving their communication skills in business and underscores the importance of continuous self-improvement in this aspect. In conclusion, the authors offer a deep analysis and important insights into the role of language culture in the modern business environment and provide valuable recommendations for enhancing the quality of business communication.

The problem of the ‘absolute’: the desacralized language of Paul Celan’s poetry in the post-Shoah era*

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to examine how poetry, in the case of Paul Celan, created its own language after the Shoah. The thesis is that Paul Celan intentionally uses religious language to expose the object, but at the same time he desacralises it. This shift is revolutionary. In the main part of this article I analyse an exemplum of the use of language which is given in the poem, ‘In the rivers’. This analysis is meant to show the mechanisms for creating a proper language. The conclusion is that Celan’s poetry is founded upon the figure of a witness. This desacralised figure is poetic and ethical (but not substantial). What is more, the way this poetry is written puts it into the position of a witness as well as that of the reader. This is a social fact, so the point of view of the author traverses the sociology of both religion and that of literature.

The ecologization of the Russian language and speech

This article discusses the process of ecologization of the Russian language and speech in the context of modern geopolitical conditions. External events find a response in society, at the same time changing the structure, content, vocabulary, etc. The ecology of language has firmly established itself among the sciences, is connected with many of them by deep roots and is designed to protect, save not only our native language, but also the entire Russian culture from the corrupting influence of the West. Proper language policy and patriotic education should help in this. But there is a huge problem that lies in the consciousness of every member of our society: misunderstanding of all the negative consequences of what is happening today in the field of the Russian language and culture. The ecology of the language is designed to reach every native speaker of the Russian language, as well as to rid our language of "diseases", "ailments".

Shepherd, Physician and Intercessor: The Specialization of Different Types of Authority in the Church in the Context of Practices of Confession in Byzantium (III–X centuries)

The article deals with the problem of the proper language to describe the processes of evolution of penitential practices in Byzantium in the III–X centuries. The currently existing categorical apparatus describes these processes using the logic of power relations between one who says and one who hears confession, and appeals to the terms “charisma” and “office.” These tools give a specific perspective on a set of facts, seeing them as a testimony of a deep and irreconcilable conflict between actors in this field, and fails to describe the situation when no conflict may be discerned in the sources. In this article, we first show that “power-oriented” language is not typical for the authors of the period in question. We then propose our own model for describing the role-play relationship, centering around practices of repentance. Following C. Rapp, we suggest the concept of “authority” as the basis of this model, which we identify in three types: pastoral, therapeutic and intercessory. These types differ both in the type of interaction between the parties participating in confession and in their functionality within the framework of the phenomenon of repentance. This typology is accompanied by a description. The most notable personalities and examples of penitential interaction in the III–X century are classified according to these types.

Making sense of leadership and language styles of student leaders in a Malaysian public secondary school

Language plays an essential role in everyday experiences, given that it can facilitate and maintain congenial relationships if it is used properly. Not much is known about how young student leaders make sense of their communicative acts with their peers, especially in the Malaysian context. The study investigated student leaders' sensemaking of leadership and language use in a public secondary school in Northern Malaysia. Their narratives were obtained through a qualitative study using focus groups and face-to-face in-depth interviews. The findings revealed several themes that explain the preferred spoken language styles among the student leaders in performing their responsibilities at school. The study demonstrated that appropriate language use should be part of the training of student leaders at school or leadership training curriculum for secondary school leaders nationwide. In that way, the student leaders will not only be exposed to proper language use in communicating leadership, but they will also be motivated to polish up and reflect on their language use for continuous self-development.

Blended Learning: Indonesian EFL Learners Cognitive Pedagogical Strategy

This study aims to explore the implementation of proper language strategy in English learning within blended learning during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted at Universitas PGRI Madiun in Jawa Timur, Indonesia. The location of the study is a non-major English class that is spread across two different faculties and departments that enable blended learning during the study. The subjects or participants of this study were the 70 students of primary education department and physical education and sports departments of Universitas PGRI Madiun. The method for analyzing the data included the data reduction and displaying, and drawing the conclusion. The authors discovered a theoretical and pedagogical gap from previous research. The research results show that students prepared and highly used cognitive strategies in learning English as described below: visual strategy (arranging Google meeting with lecturers and delivering material); verbal strategy (students ask questions to lecturers when students do not comprehend information); listening strategy (listening to lecturers’ explanation in online class); writing strategy (participating in online pop quizzes); matrix strategy (having conversations with others). Moreover, students’ respond towards their cognitive implementation within blended learning included step 1 (conveying the learning objectives that students want to achieve and motivating students to learn), step 2 (preparing the materials, inviting students to download the library materials), step 3 (explaining the materials and prepared materials), step 4 (forming students into groups), step 5 (guiding students to the presentation, inviting students to present discussion results); step 6 (confirming discussion results and presentation, giving a few questions to students associated with discussion and presentation and providing students with an opportunity to ask vague questions), and step 7 (evaluating groups and individual quizzes.