Proper Articulation Research Articles

La incidencia de la demarcacion territorial en el derecho de propiedad. A propósito del régimen urbanístico de las “fincas complejas” y las “actuaciones de compatibilización”.

Constituye una tarea pendiente de los legisladores autonómicos en materia de urbanismo y ordenación territorial la adecuada articulación de las relaciones interadministrativas. Contempladas las actuaciones supramunicipales-territoriales o la figura de los instrumentos de ordenación municipal general conjuntos, desde el punto de vista estrictamente urbanístico, existen lagunas legales en el ámbito de la intervención administrativa, como es el caso de las fincas situadas en más de un término municipal cuando las actuaciones de uso del suelo, su transformación o edificación resultan afectadas por la demarcación territorial existente La consideración y valoración adecuadas de los intereses públicos presentes en la utilización del territorio a través de los principios de información mutua, cooperación y coordinación, el principio de menor restricción en el derecho de propiedad y respetando, en todo caso, los ámbitos competenciales respectivos de cada uno de los Ayuntamientos afectados justifican de lege ferenda el tratamiento jurídico de las que pueden denominarse “fincas complejas” y sus “actuaciones de compatibilización”.

Ensinar, aprender e avaliar como processos integrados na produção de saberes numa aula orientada pela Metodologia de Resolução de Problemas

Assumimos que ensinar, aprender e avaliar são três processos integrados que devem ocorrer simultaneamente durante a produção de saberes numa aula orientada pela Metodologia de EnsinoAprendizagemAvaliação através da Resolução de Problemas (Metodologia). Nesta orientação pedagógica, o problema é o ponto inicial para se ensinar e um veículo para a aprendizagem e, por isso, há o reconhecimento e a valorização pelo processo de aprendizagem dos alunos e não somente pelos produtos obtidos, estimulando o seu envolvimento e participação ativa neste percurso. A aprendizagem ocorre por descoberta, por meio da interação entre pares e é fomentada pelo trabalho nas comunidades de aprendizagem. A avaliação possui caráter formativo, (re)orientando práticas docentes e discentes. Neste estudo, partilhamos um recorte das reflexões realizadas no desenvolvimento de uma tese de doutoramento. A revisão bibliográfica teve em conta a vasta literatura relativa às teorias da aprendizagem e avaliação, já que o objetivo deste artigo é situar os pressupostos teóricos desta Metodologia, com sua devida articulação e estabelecer a relação entre a intervenção educativa dos professores e o processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Assim, pretendemos: a)Justificar a necessidade de uma metodologia alternativa, baseado na premência de uma mudança de paradigma educacional; b) Argumentar sobre a necessidade da integração “Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação”; c) Discutir os significados que o termo “Resolução de Problemas” pode assumir; d) Contribuir para um aprofundamento teórico a partir da articulação das teorias de aprendizagem e da avaliação com o trabalho desenvolvido por meio desta proposta metodológica; e) Apresentar um roteiro de orientação para o trabalho pedagógico em uma aula assente na Metodologia. Esperamos que, por meio da apresentação aqui realizada, os que se interessem pelo tema possuam maior esclarecimento, de maneira que sua prática beneficie os reais sujeitos de toda a ação educativa: os alunos.

Subxiphoid Minimally Invasive Epicardial Ablation (Convergent Procedure) With Left Thoracoscopic Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage

The Convergent Procedure is a combined epicardial and endocardial ablation performed by a cardiac surgeon and electrophysiologist to treat symptomatic persistent and long standing persistent atrial fibrillation. The epicardial ablation is performed on the entire width of the posterior left atrial wall using monopolar radiofrequency via a subxiphoid incision. There is no sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass is not utilized. The surgical ablation is then followed by endocardial voltage mapping and ablation, allowing for complete lesion set creation. Left atrial appendage exclusion can be performed via left thoracoscopic approach at the same time as the surgical ablation. The Convergent Procedure is a truly hybrid, collaborative procedure which combines the strengths of minimally invasive cardiac surgery and percutaneous electrophysiologic techniques to treat a challenging disease process.

In-Service Teachers’ Training Program: A step towards quality Education

Teachers are the key factor in promoting quality of education at grass root level. They ought to be kept themselves abreast with the modern approaches in promoting quality of education and get acquainted with professional training for the effective teaching-learning process. The primary aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness of in-service teacher training programs on professional excellence of teachers in promoting quality of education. A total of 75 respondents constitute the sample of the study. A close-ended questionnaire with five point Likert scale was designed and subjected for data collection. The collected data was treated with chi-square statistics. Result indicated that the objectives of the in-service teacher programs were not clearly articulated to teachers, teachers we problem-solving to enroll in in-service teacher programs, the institutes offering in-service teacher training programs lacks the provision of physical facilities, majority of the courses fails to ensures creativity among in-service teachers regarding problem solving approach, A.V. aids were not subjected in teaching-learning process, in-service teachers were not involved in transactional approaches during the training, and organization among theory and practice were lacking. In the light of results, it was recommended that proper articulation of objectives of the program ought to be done to all in–service teachers, proper allocation of funds may be elicited to avoid lacks of physical facilities, and gaps between theory and practice may be removed that the actual crux of the program may be achieved in real sense.

Feasibility of ossicular chain reconstruction with resin cement

IntroductionDisjunction of ossicular chain is a common finding in middle ear chronic disease. In addition to ossicular interposition, various materials have been used for reconstruction, such as ceramic prostheses, polyethylene, and titanium. ObjectiveBecause of the high cost of the available options, the authors propose to reconstruct the ossicular chain with resin cement, a material typically used in dental reconstruction and fixation. MethodsTwo anatomical parts of the temporal bones were used, creating a disjunction of the ossicular chain between the incus and staples and then reconstructing with resin cement. These reconstructions were repeated four times by three different surgeons to ensure the feasibility of the method. ResultsA total of 12 reconstructions were carried out, four per surgeon. After applying the cement, it could be verified by touch that the space was filled properly by the used material. Proper articulation with motion transfer to the entire ossicular chain was also observed. ConclusionResin cement is a suitable material in the reconstruction of ossicular chain injury, and it is inexpensive and technically simple.

Moderation and religious criticism in William Cartwright’s The Ordinary (1635)

ABSTRACTBuilding on the recent revival of critical interest in the drama of William Cartwright, this article explores the politics of religious moderation in his 1635 play The Ordinary. I situate the concept of moderation in Caroline England in relation to recent historical work on the subject, examining how Cartwright treats the subject in his poetry, where he argues that religious extremism inhibits the proper articulation of moderate politics. I then consider religious criticism in The Ordinary, suggesting that it attacks aspects of Puritan and Arminian theology alike. Although he ranges over a number of topics, Cartwright is particularly concerned with the way in which religious innovation is undermined by economic unfairness, incompetence, and greed. The play shows how Caroline comedy engages with polemical culture in subtle and sophisticated ways.

Analogous Urbanism as Discourse. Robert Adam and Urban Space in Contemporary Split

Through an analysis of the consonances between the architecture and urban design of the Late Antique Diocletian’s Palace in Split, and the architecture that drew upon it in neoclassical London (including the Adelphi Terrace of Robert Adam and Somerset House of Sir William Chambers), the Croatian urban planner Ivana Sverko developed a considered account of the role of urban space in underdeveloped and peripheral areas of contemporary Split. Sverko’s collected ideas are characteristically original, and distinct from the kind of research usually based in an analysis of architectural and urban planning typology. In this paper we follow, and endeavour to develop further, her distinctive approach. Robert Adam (1728-1792) appropriated the architectural philosophy of Diocletian’s Palace that he had explored on the ‘peripheral’ shores of the Adriatic, and transposed many of its qualities into his British designs. In this paper, we apply his interpretation of this hybrid, adaptable building to urban landscapes on the periphery of Split. By pursuing Adam’s interpretation of the Palace, an architectural reading that stemmed from his five-week stay in Split during his European Grand Tour (1754-1758) and was published in the Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro in Dalmatia (London, 1764), we identify an archetype of urban design that can be used in reflections upon the urban space of contemporary Split. This archetype will be elucidated in two specific environments on the edge of town, both of which were created during the second half of the twentieth century. One of these spaces was illegally built, unplanned, and self-organised ; the other was built according to established principles of urban plan and design, but without any proper articulation of urban space in relation to its physical and functional urban contexts. In this paper we test out our experience of the marginalised urban space within contemporary Split through two methodological approaches: the historical and the empirical. Our objective is to indicate opportunities for the identification and foregrounding of the hidden qualities of urban spaces created by runaway development (that is, spaces formulated without the benefit of architects or town planners) but as a result of the immediate needs of the inhabitants.

A Baseline Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Proposed Sit for Thermal Desorption Unit (TDU) Waste Management Project in Rivers State, Nigeria: Floristic Composition Approach

This report describes the results of a wet and dry season ecological baseline impact assessment study based on the context of a proposed Thermal Desorption Unit (TDU) development project in Eteo Eleme, Rivers State. Thermal Desorption Unit project of the magnitude of a waste management project must always have some negative effects on the quality and quantity of the environment. Following an environment impact assessment (EIA) a series of mitigation measures must be put in place to minimize the intensity of the negative effect of the project on the environment. The paper seeks to assess through baseline data the envisaged impact of the project on the existing conditions of the biophysical environment, to appraise the possible risk to the environment and mitigation measures adopted. It uses a combination of standard procedures of integrated data sources to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the floristic profile of the project study area. The result highlights most of the biophysical impact variables that will have negative effect on the environment. However, the study site still maintains the status of abundance, richness and evenness with obvious similarity in floristic composition and forest structure to that in tropical forest elsewhere in the world. It is obvious that the Eteo vegetation system is gradually under ecological succession resulting to secondary vegetation system without proper articulation of its wealth of flora diversity, but with high flora diversity in rainy season than dry season. The useful application of phyto-sociological indices in determining the status of its vegetation complex in terms of species abundance, density, important value index, diversity and distribution pattern is being recorded in the Table for both wet and dry seasons. The paper emphasis the need for sound environmental commitments to the project and to appraise their implementation. A proper balance between the expected benefits from the project and cost implication can only be obtained through impact studies and careful monitoring.

Baseline Environmental Impact Assessment of Phytodiversity in a Proposed Floor Sweeping Canalization of Abonnema Wharf Adjoining Water Ways and Aiteo Jetty Development Project

This report describes the results of an ecological baseline impact assessment study of the Aiteo operational area. This baseline has merit based on the context of a proposed canalization / floor sweeping of adjoining water ways, construction and development of a Jetty project in Abonnema Wharf Area, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. This study was aimed at establishing the existing conditions of the environment and envisaged degrees of potential impact on the area against which future changes may be assessed and secondly, reviewing the possible risks to the environment likely to arise from the canalization, construction and operation of the Jetty. A standard procedure of integrated field study was adapted to qualitatively and quantitatively assess floristic profile of the vegetation in the area. The result of the study has recorded climax mangrove forest vegetation, though with some levels of heterogeneity and discrete homogeneity as a result of imbalances in the local environmental conditions incursioned by both natural and human factors. However, the ecosystem still maintains the status of abundance, richness and evenness with obvious similarity in floristic composition and forest structure to that in tropical forest elsewhere in the world. It is obvious that the Abonnema wharf forest ecosystem is gradually being destroyed without proper articulation of its wealth of flora diversity. Its mangrove forest vegetation is variable in size, form and plant community structure. It is one of the most productive ecosystems with enormous benefits to the people in this part of Niger Delta, Nigeria, and the store house of bio- diversity providing suitable habitats for plants, important areas for rare and endangered wildlife. The application of phyto-sociological indices of assessment for the mangrove vegetation complex in terms of species diversity in richness and evenness, density, abundance, IVI, distribution pattern and defined vegetation structure has been highlighted, indicating the area to be of high conservation potential if protected from both natural and human perturbation.

Surgical Management of the Patient with Facial Paralysis

Program Description: Patients with facial nerve paralysis suffer significant cosmetic and functional morbidity. Management of the eye involves both loading the upper eyelid and tightening the lower eyelid. Mid face reconstruction can be addressed by midface lifting or by nasal valve repair. The lower face functions to allow for proper articulation and deglutition. Reconstructive options are either dynamic, using a temporalis muscle sling, or adynamic with acellular suspension. Each panelist in this multidisciplinary presentation will present his preferred method of rehabilitation, and case scenarios will then be used to explore subtleties of each surgical approach. Educational Objectives: 1) Rehabilitate the paralyzed upper eyelid. 2) Assess and manage the nasal airway in patients with facial paralysis. 3) Apply a management paradigm for the lower face that will allow comparison of dynamic and adynamic reconstruction.

Urban Planning Problems in Nigeria : A Case of Onitsha Metopolis of Anambra State

Over the last thirty years many urban areas in Nigeria have experienced dramatic growth as a result of rapid urbanization and population growth. While cities in Nigeria as well as other parts of the world, command a dominant role as both centres of production and consumption, rapid urban growth of Nigerian cities has seriously outstripped the capacity of most cities to provide adequate basic services to their citizens. This study investigates the factors that led to the rapid urbanization of Nigerian cities, especially Onitsha metropolis; the constraints to effective provision of urban amenities; and the causes of poor urban planning. The findings showed that the presence of substantial social infrastructure in Onitsha urban area has been the major factor that engendered its urbanization. It also revealed that there is rapid urbanization in relation to effective plans to provide adequate urban infrastructures/amenities to service this trend. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between lack of good population projection, inaccurate census data and poor urban planning in Onitsha. Hence, these engenderers the bad effects of urbanization. The study calls for a revision of the existing planning practice to take into account the growth in the urban area, and the consequent increase in the demand for urban infrastructural services. It gave suggestions on ways to improve urban planning in Nigerian cities to include; proper articulation and implementation of planning policies and programmes to address future influx of people in Onitsha urban area; urban renewal and slum clearance programmes; imposition of a moratorium on residential developments in urban areas and most importantly, governments’ commitment to tackle the multifarious problems of urbanization and urban planning our urban areas.

Developmental control of cortico-cerebral astrogenesis

A remarkable body of research over the last 15 years has been aimed at disentangling the cellular and molecular mechanisms which regulate murine cortico-cerebral astrogenesis. This research effort has allowed the reconstruction of the actual sizing of this process, as well as a better definition of its temporal, spatial and clonal articulation. Moreover, these investigations have shed substantial light on the cardinal molecular mechanisms governing the transition from pallial neuronogenesis to astrogenesis, as well as subsequent progress of the latter. It has turned out that proper temporal articulation of astrogenesis relies on a plethora of tightly interlaced mechanisms, which synergistically dampen astrogenesis prior to birth and promote it during peri- and postnatal life. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and organic synthesis of these mechanisms, as well as a critical evaluation of their specific relevance to proper articulation of cerebral cortex astrogenesis in time and space.

How Vigilant is the Vibrant Civil Society in Bangladesh? A Survey-based Analysis

Although international development organizations and donor countries regard civil society organizations (CSOs) as the best instrument for institutionalizing democracy in third world countries, few of these organizations have successfully influenced government policies or played a role in consolidating democracy. Based on survey data and empirical observations, this article will argue that civil society in Bangladesh may be noteworthy for its contributions to development and social welfare but that it can hardly contribute to democracy. CSOs participate in vibrant grassroots social services. However, they lack the necessary participatory attributes for proper interest articulation and monitoring of the state, resulting in a less vigilant civil society. The article links civil society's non-vigilant nature to co-optation and politicization by political forces.

Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Program Description: Patients with facial nerve paralysis suffer significant cosmetic and functional morbidity due to lack of eye protection, ectropion, and lack of muscular control of the lower face. These effects can not only socially isolate the patient but may cause devastating complications to the affected organ including corneal ulceration and poor oral intake requiring nutritional supplementation. While the etiology of facial paralysis can be multifactorial, most of these patients eventually require the attention of the facial plastic reconstructive surgeon. Management of the eye involves not only loading the upper eyelid but tightening the lower eyelid. Many procedures are available for this rehabilitation, and these will be discussed. Gold weight versus platinum weight for the upper lid, shortening, tarsal strip, or wedge excision of the lower lid will be compared and contrasted. Mid-face reconstruction can be addressed by mid-face lifting or by nasal valve repair. The high incidence of nasal obstruction following facial nerve paralysis often is not recognized and should not be neglected. Rehabilitation of the nasal valve is straight forward and well received by patients. The lower face functions to allow for proper articulation and deglutition. Without oral competence, drooling and social isolation will occur. The reconstructive options for the lower face can be considered as either dynamic using a temporalis muscle sling or as dynamic with just some form of acellular suspension. The advantages and risks associated with the procedures and the operative results of these techniques will be discussed by the panel. Each panelist in this multidisciplinary presentation will present their preferred method of rehabilitation and then case scenarios will be used to explore subtleties of each surgical approach. This miniseminar will consist of a short presentation by each panelist with a focus on individual case management presentations. Audience participation will be encouraged. Educational Objectives: 1) Be able to manage the acute and chronic effects of paralysis of the upper eye. 2) Add tarsal strip to their management paradigm of the lower lid. 3) Discuss the benefits and disadvantages of lower face reanimation with dynamic vs adynamic reconstruction.

Playing by Different Rules? Property Rights in Land and Water

This article examines both the similarities and differences between the law of land and water in both a private law and constitutional law setting. The first critical difference is that the nature of the two resources differs enough such that exclusive rights for occupation usually sets the right framework for analyzing land use disputes, while a system of shared, correlative duties work best for water. Once these baselines are established, it follows that an accurate rendition of the constitutional law issues necessarily rests on the proper articulation of private law rules of adjudication. Unless those efficient private rules are used as a baseline for constitutional adjudication, it becomes impossible to explain which government actions result simply in a mere loss of economic value and which government actions generate losses that require compensation. Parties can engage in wasteful political arbitrage without limitation.In dealing with the private law issues, the first step is to develop principles of parity between private claimants, to the extent that this approach is physically possible. The second step then picks the set of rules that maximizes the overall utility of all parties concerned, subject to the parity constraint. This system must yield to reasonableness considerations when the conditions of physical parity cannot be satisfied, which covers all cases of dispute between upper and lower owners of land, as well as upstream and downstream riparians. In both these settings, the objective is to create, whenever possible, rules that treat the last element of loss to one party equal to the last element of gain of the next.Using these natural law baselines produces by and large efficient results in private disputes. The rejection of these rules in the takings context in both land and water cases yields the opposite result, by conceding far too much power to state authorities in both land and water cases. It is no mistake that the modern law of regulatory takings for land, as developed in the 1978 Penn Central case, explicitly rests on the same intellectual confusions about property rights and economic losses that underlie the 1944 Willow River case, dealing with water rights. The only rationalization of both areas of law requires that the constitutional protection of private property start with the definitions of private property that have worked so well in practice under the natural law traditions of private law.

Playing by Different Rules? Property Rights in Land and Water

This article examines both the similarities and differences between the law of land and water in both a private law and constitutional law setting. The first critical difference is that the nature of the two resources differs enough such that exclusive rights for occupation usually sets the right framework for analyzing land use disputes, while a system of shared, correlative duties work best for water. Once these baselines are established, it follows that an accurate rendition of the constitutional law issues necessarily rests on the proper articulation of private law rules of adjudication. Unless those efficient private rules are used as a baseline for constitutional adjudication, it becomes impossible to explain which government actions result simply in a mere loss of economic value and which government actions generate losses that require compensation. Parties can engage in wasteful political arbitrage without limitation.In dealing with the private law issues, the first step is to develop principles of parity between private claimants, to the extent that this approach is physically possible. The second step then picks the set of rules that maximizes the overall utility of all parties concerned, subject to the parity constraint. This system must yield to reasonableness considerations when the conditions of physical parity cannot be satisfied, which covers all cases of dispute between upper and lower owners of land, as well as upstream and downstream riparians. In both these settings, the objective is to create, whenever possible, rules that treat the last element of loss to one party equal to the last element of gain of the next.Using these natural law baselines produces by and large efficient results in private disputes. The rejection of these rules in the takings context in both land and water cases yields the opposite result, by conceding far too much power to state authorities in both land and water cases. It is no mistake that the modern law of regulatory takings for land, as developed in the 1978 Penn Central case, explicitly rests on the same intellectual confusions about property rights and economic losses that underlie the 1944 Willow River case, dealing with water rights. The only rationalization of both areas of law requires that the constitutional protection of private property start with the definitions of private property that have worked so well in practice under the natural law traditions of private law.

O poder militar como instrumento da política externa brasileira contemporânea

Este artigo pretendeu refletir sobre a instrumentalidade do poder militar para a política externa brasileira no pós-Guerra Fria. Definiu-se a moldura teórica de interpretação do relacionamento entre unidades soberanas. Discutiram-se as peculiaridades do complexo de segurança da América do Sul e o papel do Brasil na sua conformação. Analisaram-se os entraves à condução virtuosa da política de defesa e as dificuldades de articulação entre esta e a política externa. Sugeriram-se iniciativas visando ao aprimoramento da interface entre as políticas externa e de defesa.

Judicial Review in Central and Eastern Europe: Rationales or Rationalizations?

Constitutional judicial review in Central and Eastern Europe has become an entrenched and powerful factor in the politics and constitutional life of these countries; indeed, it would be impossible to give even a rough account of these new democracies without bringing constitutional courts into the picture. For all their importance and activism, their introduction had not been preceded by any thorough debate concerning the merits and demerits of the model transplanted from Western Europe—especially, from Germany—and the developing jurisprudence of the courts was strangely silent about the grounds and the limits of the courts ‘legitimacy, especially when replacing parliamentary choices on rights implicating matters with the courts’ own views about the proper articulation of vague rights-provisions. This Article explores some of the reasons and consequences of this silence.

A Contextualist Solution to the Gettier Problem

According to the deontological view on justification, being justified in believing some proposition is a matter of having done one's epistemic duty with respect to that proposition. The present paper argues that, given a proper articulation of the deontological view, it is defensible that knowledge is justified true belief, virtually all epistemologists since Gettier. One important claim to be argued for is that once it is appreciated that it depends on contextual factors whether a person has done her epistemic duty with respect to a given proposition, many so-called Gettier cases, which are supposed to be cases of justified true belief that are not cases of knowledge, will be seen to be not really cases of justified belief after all. A second important claim is that the remaining alleged Gettier cases can be qualified as cases of knowledge. This requires that we countenance a notion of epistemic luck, but the requisite kind of luck is of a quite benign nature.

Mapping the brain's orchestration during speech comprehension: task-specific facilitation of regional synchrony in neural networks

BackgroundHow does the brain convert sounds and phonemes into comprehensible speech? In the present magnetoencephalographic study we examined the hypothesis that the coherence of electromagnetic oscillatory activity within and across brain areas indicates neurophysiological processes linked to speech comprehension.ResultsAmplitude-modulated (sinusoidal 41.5 Hz) auditory verbal and nonverbal stimuli served to drive steady-state oscillations in neural networks involved in speech comprehension. Stimuli were presented to 12 subjects in the following conditions (a) an incomprehensible string of words, (b) the same string of words after being introduced as a comprehensible sentence by proper articulation, and (c) nonverbal stimulations that included a 600-Hz tone, a scale, and a melody. Coherence, defined as correlated activation of magnetic steady state fields across brain areas and measured as simultaneous activation of current dipoles in source space (Minimum-Norm-Estimates), increased within left- temporal-posterior areas when the sound string was perceived as a comprehensible sentence. Intra-hemispheric coherence was larger within the left than the right hemisphere for the sentence (condition (b) relative to all other conditions), and tended to be larger within the right than the left hemisphere for nonverbal stimuli (condition (c), tone and melody relative to the other conditions), leading to a more pronounced hemispheric asymmetry for nonverbal than verbal material.ConclusionsWe conclude that coherent neuronal network activity may index encoding of verbal information on the sentence level and can be used as a tool to investigate auditory speech comprehension.