Promotion Policies Research Articles

Human Resource Management Strategy

The development of human resources, in accordance with the objectives, strategy and implementation of relevant policies of the Bank of Albania aims to create a suitable work environment that serves not only the professional growth of employees, but also the continuous improvement of the administrative processes of each institution. The administration of human resources has recently been focused on the acquisition and continuous implementation of the best practices of human resource management that are applied in similar institutions in the European Union. Pursuing dynamic policies of employment, management and career promotion of staff, for a professional and flexible structural organization, remains a priority of each state. In order to efficiently manage human resources, it is required that each institution adapts the regulatory infrastructure to the best standards, continuously creating promotion opportunities for employees with professional experience, as well as always aiming to motivate employees and increase effectiveness at work. . Through the policies for increasing professional motivation, it is aimed to preserve the sustainability and continuity of the staff, considered as one of the main challenges faced by central banks today. Received: 2 June 2024 / Accepted: 25 July 2024 / Published: 29 July 2024

Obesity in urban Indonesia: evidence from the 2007 and 2018 Basic Health Research

BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity in urbanizing Indonesia is rising, where the double burden of malnutrition poses a significant challenge. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and increment of obesity-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) of diabetes and hypertension. METHODS Secondary data from the latest 2018 Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) were used to analyze the obesity rate and its associations with lifestyle, sociodemographics, and certain comorbidities among urban Indonesians. This study included non-pregnant adults aged ≥18 years who lived in the urban area and whose blood pressure and glucose levels were measured in the survey. Results were compared to a similar study using data from 2007. RESULTS The proportion of obesity among Indonesia’s urban population was more than doubled from 23.0% in 2007 to 50.1% in 2018 for obesity and 28.0% to 57.2% for central obesity. Additionally, females, individuals with higher socioeconomic status, and higher education levels exhibited a higher obesity prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Urban Indonesia has witnessed a dramatic rise in obesity prevalence. Our findings highlighted the urgent need for policymakers to consider the escalating prevalence of NCDs associated with obesity. Strengthening and concretizing health promotion and prevention policies at the community level are crucial to combat this alarming public health challenge.

Disentangling the relationships between denomination of origin regulatory councils activities and Spanish wineries' export performance

AbstractWorld markets for quality differentiated agri‐food products are highly competitive, presenting significant challenges for firms aiming to compete effectively. Government agencies and business organizations often implement various export promotion policies to address these challenges. This paper explores the role of Denomination of Origin Regulatory Councils in the export activities of Spanish wineries. Hypotheses are developed based on the Resource‐Based View and Institutional‐Based View, considering divergent theoretical predictions. Empirical findings from a comprehensive sample of Spanish wineries across all Denominations of Origin reveal positive associations between wineries' resources and Regulatory Councils' activities with export performance. However, these relationships vary depending on the specific resource or activity. These findings are consistent across different measures of export performance, highlighting the intricate relationships between institutions like Regulatory Councils and the internationalization of member firms.

Dietary Knowledge, Attitude, Practice Survey and Nutritional Knowledge-Based Intervention: A Cross-Sectional and Randomized Controlled Trial Study among College Undergraduates in China.

Understanding undergraduates' dietary literacy, including dietary knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), is important for future health promotion policies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the current status and influencing factors of dietary literacy in Chinese college undergraduates and explore whether a nutritional lecture could improve their dietary literacy. This study included two parts: a cross-sectional study (n = 1026) conducted by a dietary literacy questionnaire, and a randomized controlled trail (RCT) that enrolled 99 college undergraduates who were randomized to a control group or a nutritional lecture group. Data from the questionnaire and 72 h food records were obtained on day 0, day 3 and day 100 before and after intervention. This cross-sectional study showed that the mean scores of dietary KAP were respectively 100.0 (33.3), 59.1 (13.6) and 71.7 (11.7), with an excellent rate of 36.6%, 1.9% and 3.4%. Female upper-grade undergraduates and those with medicine-related majors illustrated higher dietary knowledge scores (p < 0.001). Dietary attitude rather than dietary knowledge had a significant impact on dietary practice (p < 0.001). This finding was in line with the results in the RCT study. Compared with the control group, dietary knowledge was significantly improved in the nutritional lecture group on both day 3 (p = 0.002) and day 100 (p = 0.023) after intervention. However, dietary behavior was improved only on day 3 post nutritional lecture (p = 0.029) but decreased to the original level 100 days later (p < 0.001). This study discovered the unsatisfying status and discrepancy between dietary literacy among college undergraduates of different sex, majors and college years. Dietary attitude instead of dietary knowledge was discovered as a determining role in dietary practice. One nutritional lecture could improve undergraduates' dietary literacy but the effect was not long-lasting. Further studies with more reinforced and durable interventions are warranted.

Contextual drivers on local sport promotion policy: a Dutch case study on the relevance of the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to explore why and how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced local sport promotion policy in the Netherlands. We used a case study approach examining the Dutch context. We studied the perspectives of Local Sport Managers (LSMs) and (coordinators of) neighbourhood sport coaches (NSCs). We applied the principles of the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) within a socioecological model of local sport promotion policy to examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic created a ‘policy window’ for policy change and if so why. Online questionnaires were sent to LSMs (n = 352, response 26%) and online group interviews (n = 11) were conducted with LSMs and (coordinators of) NSCs. Our study revealed the COVID-19 pandemic indeed opened a ‘policy window’ and resulted in local policy changes related to the facilities and public space (hardware), organisational actors (orgware) and organised activities (software). In most cases, this did not lead to totally new policy, but more a shift in focus. National politics as a response on the COVID-19 pandemic increased the generic awareness of the importance of sport for health. This helped in legitimising the existence of sport promotion policy for a broader purpose. It is important for LSMs and NSCs to take advantage of this ‘policy window’ and use it to create advocacy and support for sport promotion policy over a longer period. As policy change and implementation normally take a period of multiple years, the current Dutch policy framework provides (financial) opportunities for LSMs and NSCs to follow this through.

Library user digital profiling: The structural and functional approach. (Part I)

This is the first of two articles on the problem. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the demonstration of the potential of library user digital profiles (DP). The author examines the following problem components: a) user DP structure with specifying the layers – subject, object, domain, communications, and b) layer function – identification, clusterization, filtration, and collaboration. For each layer, the dominant factors are identified that enable to model, structure and use DPs for proactive meeting of library users’ information demands. The practical value of the study lies in the DP development and application for services personalization: proactive building awareness of new acquisitions, digital user support and curation, support of research projects; reconciling library collection and the demands of core user groups (collection structure enhancement, changing of the policy of acquisitions, cataloguing, and library services promotion); need-demand interdependence through using DP information, which makes acquisitions and services more efficient; and accommodation of library activities with local community’s plans and expectations.

The intersection of promotion policies, research habitus, and capital distribution: a qualitative case study of two higher education contexts in the United Arab Emirates

The intersection of promotion policies, research habitus, and capital distribution: a qualitative case study of two higher education contexts in the United Arab Emirates

Human resource development practices and job performance of academic staff of Bishop Stuart University

This study examined human resource development practices and their impact on academic staff performance. Specifically, it investigated whether training, promotion, job enrichment and organisational policies significantly influence the job performance of academic staff. The study surveyed 158 academic staff members at Bishop Stuart University in Uganda using a quantitative approach and a correlational research design. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that job enrichment and organisational policies had a positive and significant impact on academic staff performance. In contrast, training had a negative but significant influence on academic staff performance, and promotion had a positive but insignificant influence on the job performance of academic staff. The study concluded that effective human resource practices, specifically job enrichment and organisational policies, play a crucial role in enhancing academic staff performance. However, limited training opportunities hindered the performance of academic staff. Furthermore, unsatisfactory promotion practices minimally contribute to the job performance of academic staff. The study recommended that university managers implement human resource development practices, namely job enrichment, organisational policies, training, and promotion, to promote job performance.

Collective action typologies and their implications for policy targeting: The case of smallholder households from the central region of Kenya

Collective action initiatives (CAIs) are important in ameliorating the negative externalities in agriculture to promote social and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the empirical basis exploring the context-specificity underpinning the CAIs is barely established. This study characterized the organizational attributes of the CAIs and their implications on policy targeting. The study employed mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches based on survey data drawn from 532 multistage randomly and proportionately sampled smallholder households, ten focus group discussions and two key informant interviews from the central region of Kenya. Multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis were used in exploring the organizational attributes of the CAIs. A multivariate probit model was employed to explore how organizational and household socio-economic characteristics influence participation patterns across the collective action typologies. The results revealed two typologies of collective action namely, efficiency and livelihood that were highly distinct in their level of formalization, membership composition, nature and scope of coordination, level of social capital, level of social networking and internal governance mechanisms. The households’ participation patterns across the efficiency and livelihood typology were differentially influenced by household demographics, farm and farming factors, assets, institutional and infrastructural factors. The findings suggest that a ‘one-size-fits-all’ collective action policy is inadequate and suggests a portfolio of context-specific collective action promotional policies. The policies would confer potential complementarities, synergistic and spillover effects in developing the CAIs to address multiple developmental objectives simultaneously.

Determinants of electric motorbike purchasing intention among consumers in Hanoi City, Vietnam

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing human development in the coming decades. To cope with climate change, greening transportation becomes one of the most important solutions, including the key role of consumers. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting customer’s intention to buy electric motobikes in Hanoi, Vietnam. We used the theory of planned behavior to develop research models. Study data was collected by convenient sampling method through a survey with 600 participants in Hanoi. The study used SPSS 22.0 software to perform descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha test, Exploring Factor Analysis and multiple linear regression for data processing. The results showed six factors including Environmental awareness, Attitude, Perceived behavioral control, Attractiveness of other means, Subjective norms and Promotion policies had significant impact on the customers’ intention to buy electric motorbikes, of which factor Attractiveness of other means had the most decisive influence. From results, the paper discussed and gave some managerial implications to enhance the intention to buy electric motorbikes of people in Hanoi and expand proposals to other cities in Vietnam.

The influence mechanism analysis on the farmers’ intention to adopt Internet of Things based on UTAUT-TOE model

Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are widely recognized as one of the most important infrastructures for economic development and technological innovation. By analyzing the influencing factors of vegetable farmers’ intention to adopt agricultural IoT, it helps to formulate effective IoT promotion policies and accelerate the realization of agricultural modernization. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theory, this study constructed for the first time a mechanism model of the influence of vegetable farmers’ intention to adopt IoT, expanding the scope of current research on agricultural IoT and revealing the intrinsic influence mechanism of farmers’ adoption of IoT technologies. In this study, 357 quantitative data were obtained by a questionnaire survey, and structural equation modeling was used to test the direct and indirect effects of each factor on vegetable farmers’ intention to adopt IoT. The results show that almost all variables in TOE have significant direct impacts on the intention, while no variables in UTAUT have significant direct impacts. Among variables in TOE, government support and complexity are the two most important elements influencing the intention. Although the interactions among variables in TOE and UTAUT are also found, the indirect effects of variables are non-significant. Therefore, it is proposed to reduce the complexity of operation and use of IoT technologies; improve rural information infrastructure and compatibility of IoT platforms and devices; and governments should increase subsidies, and incentives to promote the use of IoT in agriculture and agricultural practices.

Incidence of Scrub Typhus according to Changes in Geographic and Demographic Characteristic in the Chungcheong Region of Korea.

To ascertain the incidence trends of scrub typhus in the Chungcheong region, we analyzed the epidemiological survey information of 14,379 cases of scrub typhus reported to the integrated disease health management system of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 2012 and 2022, along with demographic data from the Korean Statistics Information Service. Geographical analyses were performed to confirm the correlation between high-risk areas and the proportion of elderly people. The average age, proportion of elderly people, and changes in the agricultural population were statistically associated with incidence. The incidence of scrub typhus, and the agricultural population, in the Chungcheong region has decreased compared with that in 2012-2013. However, recent trends indicate a resurgence linked to increased outdoor activity, with higher risks observed in older age groups. Additionally, advancing age correlates with a heightened probability of reinfection and additional infections with other febrile diseases. The incidence of scrub typhus in the Chungcheong region (2012-2022) is changing according to age and route of infection, highlighting the need for revised prevention and promotion policies.

중고령 장애인의 주관적 건강 궤적 영향요인-비장애인과의 비교

This study examines whether and how self-rated health (SRH) changes among middle-aged and older adults with disabilities compared to adults without disabilities. From the Korean Welfare Panel Survey encompassing the 7th (2012) to the 16th (2021). the study extracted 836 adults with disabilities aged 50 or older and 4,258 adults without disabilities. Potential growth models (unconditional and conditional models) were analyzed to identify subjective health changes and factors influencing such changes. Multi-group comparison analysis method was adopted to examine differences by disability. In the unconditional model analysis, the SRH of both adults with disabilities and adults without disabilities tended to decrease gradually over time. Adults with disabilities had a lower initial value of SRH than adults without disabilities, but there was little difference in the rate of change. In the conditional model analysis, gender, age, household income, health checkups, risk of drinking, family relationship satisfaction, social relationship satisfaction, and leisure activity satisfaction variables were the factors affecting the initial values of SRH of adults with and without disabilities. Looking at the influencing factors by disability, it was found that the effect of education training was significant for adults with disabilities, and the effect of smoking was significant for adults without disabilities.The effects of age and smoking were more significant in adults without disabilities, and the effects of the number of years of education and health checkups were more significant in adults with disabilities. Volunteer activities are positively associated with the rate of change in SRH regardless of disability. On the other hand, dangerous drinking had a significant effect on the rate of change in SRH of adults with disabilities, and having medical checkups had a significant effect on that of adults without disabilities. The results suggest that health promotion policies and services for middle-aged and older adults with disabilities need to reflect their characteristics compared or contrasted with middle-aged and older adults without disabilities.

CRISIS MANAGEMENT AS A DRIVER OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN JORDAN: EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF JORDANIAN TOURISM PUBLIC POLICIES DURING CRISIS - BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19

This paper evaluates the policies taken by Jordanian tourism sector before and after COVID-19; it is divided into two parts: the first dealt with the period 2011-2019 which followed the events of Arab Spring, the second focused on the postCOVID-19 period. A mixed methodology was used as for the Arab Spring case a quantitative approach that aimed at measuring the satisfaction of 54 travel agents about policies taken by public tourism sector was used. A Structure Equation Modelling analysis was conducted to test the relationship between specific satisfaction about promotional and economic policies as independent variables, and the general satisfaction as a dependent variable. As for the case of COVID-19, a different approach was used where the Tourism National Strategy 2021-2025 and reports on the influence of COVID-19 on Jordanian Economy were referred to make an evaluation of governmental performance. There was an obvious absence of the concept of “Crisis Management" in tourism national strategies (MOTA, 2003 ; 2010 ; 2015) ; where the focus was on diversifying the tourism product, enhancing the image of the country and increasing competitiveness.

Study of Online Gambling Promotion Policy in Indonesia, Pakistan, and USA

Kemajuan teknologi membuat semakin mudah diaksesnya berbagai informasi dan hiburan, tidak terkecuali judi online. Hadirnya internet membuat judi menjadi bisa dilakukan secara digital, dengan berbagai skema dan permainan didalamnya judi online lebih mudah diakses. Kegiatan perjudian online juga membutuhkan strategi promosi yang dilakukan dalam menarik perhatian publik untuk berpartisipasi, bahaya judi online sangat perlu diperhatikan dari beberapa fondasi kebijakan komunikasi, maka dari itu kajian ini akan meneliti bagaimana kebijakan komunikasi terkait promosi judi online pada negara Indonesia, Pakistan dan Amerika. Menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dan pengumpulan data melalui kajian literatur peneliti menemukan jika Indonesia sebagai negara yang melarang judi baik konvensional maupun digital masih kesusahan dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakannya. Pakistan yang memiliki kebijakan sama dengan Indonesia terkait pelarangan judi online akibat kentalnya adat dan budaya agama Islam, serta membuat implementasi penegakan hukum, karena dasarnya penduduk Pakistan tidak memiliki kebebasan berekspresi. Sedangkan USA, beberapa negara bagian mengizinkan untuk kegiatan judi online maupun konvensional karena dianggap memberikan pemasukan yang tinggi pada pajak negara, melihat promosi judi online berbahaya jika menjangkau anak-anak dan remaja. Kemudian implementasi promosi judi online sangat ketat terutama pada judi online ilegal karena adanya dugaan subsidi dana pada kegiatan terorisme.

Influence of Natural Risks and Non-Agricultural Income on Agricultural Trusteeship Decisions in Northeast China.

As the main service mode and management mode of socialized service, agricultural production trusteeship services (APTS) are an important way to realize the tight link between farmers and modern agricultural development, which is highly important for ensuring national food security. By constructing a utility model of farmers, this paper deduces the decision-making mechanism of farmers' APTS from the dual mechanism of natural risk and non-agricultural employment income (NAEI) and uses the survey data of 956 farmers in the three northeastern provinces to verify the empirical results by using multivariate logit (Mlogit) and propensity score matching (PSM) methods. The research shows that natural risk hinders farmers' choice of the APTS; NAEI has a positive impact on APST, and an increase in NAEI weakens the negative effect of natural risk on the choice of the APTS, and has an enhanced moderating effect. In addition, the scale heterogeneity analysis revealed that the impacts of natural risk and NAEI on farmers of different scales are significantly different. The NAEI adjustment effect has the greatest impact on small-scale farmers, followed by medium-scale farmers. In view of this, the government should stabilize the nonagricultural employment market and improve the nonagricultural employment opportunities of farmers. APTS organizations should transfer natural risks and improve the agricultural insurance system. According to the differences of different scales of farmers, different promotion policies are formulated, and the expansion of management and deepening services is proposed to further promote the development of APTS and consolidate the foundation of food security in China.

The value of waiting spaces: Tourists’ willingness to pay for high-quality bus terminals

Transport quality has long been recognized as an important factor in influencing travelers’ behavior, and transport terminal quality undoubtedly plays no small part. Indeed, transit promotion policies explicitly based on qualitative factors and high-standard architecture are increasingly being adopted in designing new bus terminals and stops. High architectural standards can be found in several bus terminals worldwide. Nevertheless, the literature in transport sector has yet to explore the impact of bus terminal “hedonic quality” on users’ behavior or use their willingness to pay (WTP) in cost–benefit analyses or other transport policy applications. Hedonic value is here intended as the aggregate of all elements related to travelers’ pleasure in spending time in a terminal where architectural beauty and the passenger services offered are arguably the most visible and representative attributes. Within this context, we propose a quantitative analysis of the perceived hedonic value of bus nodes in terms of users’ WTP (pure preference) for a high-quality bus terminal. To this end a discrete choice experiment based on a visual immersive experience was performed, and data were collected from 324 residents of Milan (Italy) traveling for tourism. Different binomial Mixed Logit models with panel data and random coefficients were estimated for the purpose. Monetary valuation of pure preference for using a high-quality bus terminal was estimated with a mean of about 25 % of the average trip cost observed for the case study considered. This pure preference means that the Italian tourist is willing to spend up to €4.35/trip more for a high-quality bus waiting space or travel up to 28.2 min/trip more, instead of using a traditional bus terminal for the same trip. Category-specific analyses show that females > 30 years old have a greater pure preference for a high-quality bus terminal (up to + 220 %) against males and young users. The employed also have a higher (+42 %) pure preference for the beauty of a bus terminal against others. The results of this paper should be compared with those from other case studies as they have a potential impact for transportation planning applications, underling the importance of also incorporating “hedonic quality” as explicit design variables for new/revamped transportation hub. At the same time, new challenges are posed for modeling user behavior and determining quality-related indicators and measures.

Effectiveness of Mental Health Promotion Policies and Programs of State Universities

The Mental Health Law, also known as RA 11036, is the approved legal basis for promoting awareness about mental health. It mandates every local government unit and academic institution to create its programs following the general guidelines set by the Philippine Council for Mental Health created under this law. Moreover, because there is a growing number of adolescents suffering from mental health problems, there is an excellent need for universities to take care of students’ mental health. This study primarily seeks to assess the effectiveness of mental health promotion policies and programs in the state universities of Region 2 in the Philippines and to know if there are significant differences between the respondents’ assessed effectiveness when grouped according to their profile variables: students (age, sex, years of stay, course) and implementers (educational attainment, years of experience, number of seminar/training &amp; employment status). The study utilized a quantitative method, specifically using a survey questionnaire. Sampling was done through stratified and convenience sampling. The study’s results show that both students and implementers rated the efforts of the state universities in implementing mental health promotion policies and programs as “effective.” Implementers consistently gave higher ratings than students. Moreover, significant differences were present among the respondents’ assessed effectiveness of the academic institutions when grouped according to university, sex, and course/program. Regarding years of stay, only the indicator “facility access and referral mechanisms for psychosocial support” received a significant difference rating.

A EDUCAÇÃO POPULAR EM SAÚDE NA ARTICULAÇÃO COM A PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE: Revisão integrativa

The present study refers to an integrative review research on the actions and results that the Popular Health Education strategy has offered to populations in integration with proposals from the field of Health Promotion in Brazil. There was an online search in three databases: SUMÁRIOS.ORG, DOAJ, SCIELO. Listed descriptors: popular health education and health promotion. 22 studies were selected. The research presented three thematic categories for analysis: 'Active methodologies of the teaching and learning process in the construction of popular education actions in health'; 'Popular health education actions in conjunction with the National Health Promotion Policy (PNPS)'; ‘The strategy of popular health education in line with the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals’, generating the planning of proposals involving populations and communities, health professionals, the school context, and connections with the priority themes of the health promotion project and the PNPS. From the results it is concluded that the strategy of popular health education is an important action tool, as it promotes the empowerment of individuals and society, in addition to favoring the development of personal and collective skills. However, there are still challenges to be faced regarding the creation and expansion of innovative and educational practices in health.

Financial accessibility and MSME’s labour productivity: evidence from developing countries

PurposeThis study aims to re-examine the relationship between financial accessibility and performance of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in developing countries using a large database.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses cross-sectional firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprises Survey database collected under Wave II from 2006 to 2019. Controlled for firm level and country level factors, OLS and instrumental variable regressions have been used for analysis. Firm performance has been measured in terms of labour productivity.FindingsThe study observes a positive association between access to finance and MSME performance measured in terms of sales and value-added per worker. Along with firm characteristics (like size, age and managerial experience), country’s development level, institutional quality (i.e. corruption and regulations) and economic openness also impact MSMEs’ productivity.Practical implicationsStrengthening the financial system to allow the financial sector to meet the requirements of MSME finance is very important. Better access to external finance will enable MSMEs to invest in upgrading technology and expanding operations, thus improves their labour productivity. As the MSME sector is vulnerable to economic shocks, policies facilitating their access to formal credit during crises could strengthen resilience.Social implicationsCredit constraint to MSMEs is a multi-stakeholder problem. It requires a coordinated approach from MSME owners, financial institutions and policymakers to address it and enhance the credit flow to the MSME sector. Timely research inputs from academia, research institutions and think tanks may help assess MSMEs promotion policies and their revision if needed.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines the effect of access to finance on the labour productivity of MSMEs in developing countries. Given the mixed results in the recent past between access to finance and firm performance, it highlights the critical role of financial accessibility in improving their labour productivity and thus enabling MSMEs to realise their full potential in developing countries.