Physical Health Promotion Research Articles

H. A. Marujo and L. M. Neto (Eds): Positive Nations and Communities: Collective, Qualitative, and Cultural-Sensitive Processes in Positive Psychology

Positive nations and communities should foster well-being and justice at the individual and collective levels. This ideal state of affairs implies that well-being must be present in the people that inhabit the nation, as well as in the very structures that constitute the community or state. Thus we can talk about the well-being of people and the well-being of institutions. When it comes to justice, we expect positive nations to promote fairness for all members of society through ethical, principled, and just institutions. In this framework, individuals and collectives are beneficiaries as well as agents of wellness and fairness. Using this lens, we can organize the contributions to the book edited by Marujo and Neto. Feelings of interpersonal well-being and sense of community are insightfully explored, for example, through the constructs of altruism, friendship, forgiveness, and the practice of Satsang, which are women’s singing groups in India. Occupational wellbeing is explored in the professional development of psychologists and students through the use of co-curricular activities. The chapters dealing with these issues touch also on psychological well-being, and how it might be enhanced by participating in chanting groups or extra-curricular activities. People acquire self-efficacy by practicing a skill or studying a trade in groups. Psychological well-being is also enhanced through the practice of forgiveness, altruism, and friendship. The economic well-being of nations is also discussed in the first chapter dealing with various paradigms of ontology and epistemology and in the chapter dealing with the nation of Bhutan, which is focused on promoting happiness, and not just economic growth. Not much is said in the book about the promotion of physical health and wellness, which in my view complements interpersonal, communal, occupational, psychological, and economic well-being. Applied Research Quality Life (2014) 9:449–451 DOI 10.1007/s11482-014-9313-7

Principles for a person centred promotion of physical mental and health

Recent public health data, especially those generated in countries of dramatic societal transition show that physical and mental health exists in continuous interaction. The parallelism of societal stress and figures of premature mortality even show that individual health is interrelated to public health. Therefore, efforts on health promotion have to address both individual and aggregate levels. Concrete strategies have to address the identified health determinants as existential cohesion, social significance, self-determination and integrity – differently in different stressful and potentially pathogenic individual or societal environments. Even risk populations have to be supported differently. A person centred and societally engaged psychiatry has here an important role – as a pool of expertise for impact awareness and consequence analysis provided to the decision makers in a society. A person centred individual psychiatry and an aggregated societal and community focused mental health approach of health promotion appears here to be a human right.

Rationale, Component Description and Pilot Evaluation of a Physical Health Promotion Measure for People with Mental Disorders across Europe

Introduction: The HELPS project aimed at developing a toolkit for the promotion of physical health in people with mental disorders to reduce the substantial excess morbidity and mortality in the target group. Methods: The HELPS toolkit was developed by means of national and international literature reviews, Delphi rounds with mental health experts and focus groups with mental health experts and patients/ residents in 14 European countries. The toolkit was translated into the languages of all participating countries, and usability of toolkit modules was tested. Results: The toolkit consists of several modules addressing diverse somatic health problems, lifestyle, environment issues, patient goals and motivation for health-promotion measures. It aims at empowering people with mental illness and staff to identify physical health risks in their specific contexts and to select the most appropriate modules from a range of health promotion tools. Discussion: The HELPS project used an integrative approach to the development of simple tools for the target population and is available online in 14 European languages. Preliminary evidence suggests that the toolkit can be used in routine care settings and should be put to test in controlled trials to reveal its potential impact.

언론인의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 신체적 증상과 정서적 탈진 -서울시 언론인을 중심으로-

본 연구의 목적은 언론인을 대상으로 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 신체적 증상과 정서적 탈진과의 관련성을 파악함으로써 원활한 업무수행을 위한 기초 안을 수립하고자 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 서울시에 소재하는 종합일간지 11개사 편집국 소속 언론인 124명을 대상으로 2013년 5월 1일부터 8월 31일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS Win 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, T-test 등을 실시하였고 실증분석은 유의수준 5%에서 검증하였다. 연구결과 언론인의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 신체적 증상은 성별과 연령, 결혼여부, 직급과 유의미하였고, 정서적 탈진은 성별과 연령, 일요일 근무주기 등이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점은 언론인의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 육체적, 정신적 건강증진 프로그램을 위한 기초적인 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. The aim of this study was to determine the basis for smooth conduction of business for journalists by identifying the journalists demographic characteristics and the relevance of the physical symptoms and emotional exhaustion. The surveys were carried out from 2013 May 1 to August 31 and the subjects of the surveys were 124 journalists working in the editorial part of 11daily newspaper companies located in Seoul. For data analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, and a T-test were performed using the SPSS Win 18.0 program. A p value 0.05 was considered significant. The study showed that there were significant differences in the physical symptoms depending on sex, age, marital status, and rank. In addition, emotional exhaustion was affected by gender, age and Sunday duty cycle etc. The results of this study will provide basic data for preparing a physical and mental health promotion program for journalists by the demographic characteristics.

Developing the Perth Charter for the Promotion of Mental Health and Wellbeing

While the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion promotes a holistic approach to health promotion, health promotion in practice has largely been confined to physical health promotion. Hence the organising committee for the Seventh World Conference on the Promotion of Mental Health and Prevention of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (held 17–19 October 2012 in Perth, WA) decided to develop a ‘Perth Charter for Mental Health Promotion and Wellbeing,’ which has just been published in the International Journal of Mental Health Promotion. It was hoped that the Perth Charter for Mental Health Promotion would be helpful as a first step towards eventual integration of physical and mental health promotion. The Charter was designed to be succinct and actionable, and was developed in three phases through an iterative feedback process with input from health professionals around the globe. The Perth Charter is intended to be a useful resource for mental health professionals in advocating for greater resource allocation and policy support for mental health, and mental health promotion in particular at a local level. It was envisaged that the Perth Charter would do for mental health promotion what the Ottawa Charter did for health promotion generally, and physical health promotion in particular. An abridged version of the Perth Charter is provided within this review, while the full version is available for download from the Clifford Beers Foundation or from Dr Julia Anwar McHenry.

Improving the physical health of people with severe mental illness: boundaries of care provision.

There is compelling evidence that the physical health of people with severe mental illness is poor. Health-promotion guidelines have been recommended as a mechanism for improving the physical health of this population. However, there are significant barriers to the adoption of evidence-based guidelines in practice. The purpose of this research was to apply existing implementation theories to examine the capability of the health system to integrate physical health promotion into mental health service delivery. Data were collected within a regional city in Queensland, Australia. Fifty participants were interviewed. The core theme that emerged from the data was that of 'care boundaries' that influenced the likelihood of guidelines being implemented. Boundaries existed around the illness, care provision processes, sectors, the health-care system, and society. These multilevel boundaries, combined with participants' ways of responding to them, impacted on capability (i.e. the ability to integrate physical health promotion into existing practices). Participants who were able to identify strategies to mediate these boundaries were better positioned to engage with physical health-promotion practice. Thus, the implementation of evidence-based guidelines depended heavily on the capability of the workforce to develop and adopt boundary-mediating strategies.

Developing the Perth Charter for the promotion of mental health and wellbeing

While the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion promotes a holistic approach to health promotion, health promotion in practice has largely been confined to physical health promotion. Hence the organising committee for the Seventh World Conference on the Promotion of Mental Health and Prevention of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (held 17–19 October 2012 in Perth, WA) decided to develop a ‘Perth Charter for Mental Health Promotion and Wellbeing,’ which has just been published in the International Journal of Mental Health Promotion. It was hoped that the Perth Charter for Mental Health Promotion would be helpful as a first step towards eventual integration of physical and mental health promotion. The Charter was designed to be succinct and actionable, and was developed in three phases through an iterative feedback process with input from health professionals around the globe. The Perth Charter is intended to be a useful resource for mental health professionals in advocating for greater resource allocation and policy support for mental health, and mental health promotion in particular at a local level. It was envisaged that the Perth Charter would do for mental health promotion what the Ottawa Charter did for health promotion generally, and physical health promotion in particular. An abridged version of the Perth Charter is provided within this review, while the full version is available for download from the Clifford Beers Foundation or from Dr Julia Anwar McHenry.

Evaluating the Relation Between God and Universe, and Its Role in Promotion of Environmental Ethics From the Viewpoint of Quran

Background: Today, man is aware that the consequences of his damages on nature, such as water, air and soil pollutions, are far more than the advantages which he takes. Therefore, he looks for a basic solution. According to the role of healthy environment in promotion and protection of mental and physical health, benefiting from the environmental ethics and proper behaviors in use of God’s blessings, which are a part of Islamic lifestyle, is an effective reply to current needs of man, because by implying and taking advantage of the Islamic lifestyle, environmental health is provided. Objectives: According to the importance of protecting the environment and the necessity of taking advantage of Quran as a book of human guidance, the present study was performed to evaluate the relation between God and universe, and its role in promotion of environmental ethics and improvement of lifestyle from the viewpoint of Quran, to competently deal with the environment, and provide examples from Quranic models of environmental ethics. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical survey. In the current study, careful consideration of the relationship between God and universe and its role in environmental ethics from the viewpoint of Quran was an applicable case and also the Quranic models of environmental ethics, which affect human lifestyle, were provided by evaluation of 46 versus of holy Quran. Results: Today, improvement and modification of human lifestyle to take advantage of the environment properly is one of the main concerns of the Islamic regime. The present study showed that according to the Quranic teachings, believing in God guarantees the observation of environmental ethics, and these teachings help man to stay away from actions which damage the environment, to get closer to God, and make friendly relation with universe through these actions. The man should be grateful for God’s blessings, and follow Quranic ethical models of facing the environment which leads everyone to enjoy from healthy environment. Conclusions: From the viewpoint of holy Quran, knowing the creator and understanding its relation with creation system, is one of the duties of the caliph of God on earth. Advent of the models of environmental ethics needs religious and scientific supports, and enough knowledge about descriptions such as creator and creature, Lord and servant, owner and the owned, and feeder and the fed, because these models can have a direct effect on the promotion of environmental ethics, and improvement and modification of lifestyle. Especially if this knowledge has an approach toward the faith in God, it can help to protect man and environmental health.

The effect of social skill education program on adolescents in Baghdad, Iraq: a preliminary report

Background: In Iraq, adolescents confront challenges, external and internal factors and their life circumstances are exacerbated by threats to their physical and mental health.
 Objective: To throw a light on training for life skills which in turn leads to promotion of adolescents physical and mental health.
 Methods: A total of 120 adolescents participated in the study (50 of them were trained for life skills and the others act as control group) for the period April 2010 to Sept. 2011. Their age was 19 ± 2.4 years with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The program consisted of several subjects concern with physical and mental health. Positive outcomes were determined. Scores of training variables presented in mean ± SD. Student's t test was used to examine the difference in variables between trained and untrained adolescents.
 Results: Scores of positive outcomes (good personal hygiene, getting enough sleep, healthy weight, got exercise, social competence (adolescent shows respect, tries to resolve conflicts and concern about self-esteem), condemnation of abuse, harassment, bullying and rape, aware about sexual transmitted diseases (STDs) including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), intimate relationship, awareness to teen pregnancy or abortion and family planning, concern with family life (arranged marriages) and study skills (motivation, goal setting, time management, positive study attitude and empowering concentration) were significantly higher in trained than in untrained adolescents (p= 0.023, 0.025, 0.001, 0.04, 0.025, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively).
 Conclusion: Life skills could be applied for promotion in mental health as well as physical health.

Influence of the practice of physical activity in Health Promotion Programs in private companies: a literature review

The goal of this survey is to examine and to define basic concepts of physical education and health promotion, as well aspoint to managers the necessity of physical activity programs implementation for improving productivity and the quality ofwork activities. We used a bibliographical review methodology consisting in text analysis, thematic analysis, interpretiveanalysis, problematization and conclusion of the bibliographic data. It has been also shown the understanding of qualityof life of each individual as a benefit and source of well-being. Finally, it has been understood the correlation of perceivedquality of life to physical education life style, eliciting health programs to reduce both morbidity and mortality rates.

Moving Toward Health and Fitness: A Collaborative Academic and Community Mental Health Services Partnership

For individuals with serious mental illness, physical fitness is a health imperative. This article describes the progression of an ongoing interprofessional partnership formed between a university's school of health professions and a community mental health services agency to find ways to improve the physical health status of individuals served by the agency. Clinical and research initiatives involving nursing and physical therapy faculty and students have contributed to the establishment of a growing physical fitness and health promotion program championed by agency administrators, staff, and service users. The groundwork has been laid for future collaborative efforts. More needs to be done to turn the tide on the chronic disease tsunami that prematurely takes the lives of people struggling with mental disorders.

Association between Lifestyle Satisfaction and Tendency to Behavioral Change with Health Related Quality of Life among 40 Years Old and Over in (North of Iran) Mazandaran

Background and purpose: Health related quality of life (HQOL) has different dimensions and many factors affect it. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between lifestyle satisfaction and health- related quality of life in the population aged 40 year old and over. The question is, if there is not lifestyle satisfaction, how should be the pattern of tendency to behavioral changes? Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population is the inhabitants aged40 and over in Mazandaran province. One thousand and two hundred twenty five subjects by stratification and clustering random sampling were selected. The data were collected by face-to-face interview using the Persian version of the Short Form Health survey (SF-36). SF-36 is a standard questionnaire and Persian translation is valid and reliable. Lifestyle variable assessment includes smoking, physical activity, nutritional status, exercise and stress. Lifestyle satisfaction, tendency to behavioral change and demographic variables were assessed by separate questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed by T-test and ANOVA by SPSS. Results: All health related quality of life components had meaningful relationship with lifestyle satisfaction. The mean of all the components of SF-36 measurements for those who had high lifestyle satisfaction were higher than the others (p<0.001).The highest amount of tendency to behavioral change was seen in nutritional status, exercise, stress control and smoking habits. Conclusion: According to the results, for promoting physical and mental health, lifestyle satisfaction must be increased. Nutrition, exercise, and giving up smoking are of great importance in physical health promotion. [* Mohammadpour RA. Association between lifestyle satisfaction and tendency to behavioral change with health related quality of life among 40 years old and over in (North of Iran) Mazandaran. IJHS 2013; 1(1): 31-35] http://jhs.mazums.ac.ir

Examining Physical Activity Service Provision to Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Communities in Australia: A Qualitative Evaluation

Strong evidence exists for the role of physical activity in preventing and managing a range of chronic health conditions. A particular challenge in promoting physical activity as a health strategy exists in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) groups, as such groups demonstrate high risk for a range of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this research was to examine the perspective of multicultural health service providers for CALD groups with respect to the physical activity services/initiatives on offer, access barriers to these services, and ideas for future service delivery in this area. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 multicultural health service providers across the capital cities of the three most populous states in Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria), and thematic content analysis was used to examine the data. Findings indicated that the majority of physical activity initiatives were associated with organizations offering other social services for CALD communities but were greatly restrained by resources. As well, it was found that most services were not designed by taking into account specific cultural requirements for CALD communities or their cultural expectations. Common barriers identified to service uptake were classified as socio-cultural (e.g., gender, language, context of health) and environmental (e.g., transportation) in nature. These findings should be utilized when planning future physical activity and health promotion initiatives for increasing CALD participation. In particular, programs need to be culturally tailored to the specific expectations of CALD groups, addressing cultural safety and sensitivity, and should be in partnership with other organizations to extend the reach and capacity.

Physical activity and health promotion strategies among physiotherapists in Rwanda.

Physical inactivity has become a global health concern and is among the 10 leading causes of death and disability. Physiotherapists are in a position to combat inactivity and effectively promote physical activity to their clients. To establish the relationship between physical activity levels of physiotherapists and their physical activity promotion strategies. A sequential mixed method design was used by means of a self-administered questionnaire (n=92) and a focus group discussion comprising of 10 purposively selected physiotherapists. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize demographic information. Inferential statistics was used to test the associations between different categorical variables (p<0.05). Tape recorded interviews were transcribed. Thematic analysis was then done. The findings revealed that 64% of the participants were physically active both within the work and recreation domains and 65% of the participants had good physical activity promoting practices. Discussing physical activity and giving out information regarding physical activity were most common methods used in promotion of physical activity. Policies on physical activity, cultural influence, and nature of work, time management as well as the environment were the barriers highlighted. Although physiotherapists experience barriers to promoting physical activity, they have good physical activity promoting practices.

看護女子学生における8週間の継続的運動が体組成,体力および精神的健康度に及ぼす影響

To determine the effectiveness of habitual exercise on the health promotion of college students, we measured the body composition and physical fitness of female nursing students before (Pre) and after (Post) an 8-week low-intensity exercise intervention. We also conducted a questionnaire survey of their mental health condition before and at every 4 weeks during the intervention. The quantity of physical exercise increased (P < 0.0001) from 0.9 ± 0.2 METs･hr/week in the pre-intervention period to 6.6 ± 0.7 METs･hr /week during the intervention period. The exercise intervention did not alter the body weight, but decreased the body fat (Pre, 26.8 ± 0.5%; Post, 24.9 ± 0.5%, P < 0.01) and increased the whole-body muscle mass (Pre, 69.1 ± 0.5%; Post, 70.8 ± 0.4%, P < 0.01). The results of physical fitness tests showed that the intervention promoted muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, agility, and muscular power. The scores for mental health were significantly raised by the intervention. These results suggest that habitual exercise for 8 weeks was effective for the promotion of physical and mental health in female nursing students.

1703 – Activities group with young students: conflicts identification

Introduction In a public elementary and secondary education school, in the interior of Sao Paulo state, an Extension Project of the University of Sao Paulo that aims to invest in the promotion of physical, mental and social health of a group of students is developed. Structured activities, including games, group activities and experiences are offered, coordinated by nursing students and supervised by a faculty member responsible for the project. Objectives To verify the opinion of a group of students about the school and the roles of significant people; to identify existing conflicts, according to the type of violent acts. Aims To know the circumstances of the interaction of a group of young students with the school and family. Method This qualitative study with participant observation analyzed 3 group meetings conducted with twenty 6th grade students of the elementary school. Results Students’ perceptions about the school and its professionals were different. They considered family members as important people, who take care, place limits, scold and beat. They struggled to establish their role and that of colleagues at school. Colleagues are friends to play with. The following types of violence were identified: physical, psychological and negligence. Conclusion To work on self-esteem, tolerance and cooperation; alleviate conflicts with affective attitudes that express respect; offer educational spaces where young people can take positions, facilitate their interaction and exercise their creativity and reflection preventively collaborate to decrease violence at school. Thus, it may be easier to build models of peaceful coexistence in other social environments.

Exploring the role of International Sporting Federations in the promotion of physical activity and health

Exploring the role of International Sporting Federations in the promotion of physical activity and health

P.3.a.008 Effect of a physical health promotion program in patients with a chronic mental illness

P.3.a.008 Effect of a physical health promotion program in patients with a chronic mental illness

Health promotion lifestyle interventions for weight management in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

BackgroundPsychiatric patients have more physical health problems and much shorter life expectancies compared to the general population, due primarily to premature cardiovascular disease. A multi-causal model which includes a higher prevalence of risk factors has provided a valid explanation. It takes into consideration not only risks such as gender, age, and family history that are inherently non-modifiable, but also those such as obesity, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia that are modifiable through behavioural changes and improved care. Thus, it is crucial to focus on factors that increase cardiovascular risk. Obesity in particular has been associated with both the lifestyle habits and the side effects of antipsychotic medications. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims at collecting and updating available evidence on the efficacy of non-pharmacological health promotion programmes for psychotic patients in randomised clinical trials.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the randomised controlled trials from 1990 onward, in which psychoeducational and/or cognitive-behavioural interventions aimed at weight loss or prevention of weight gain in patients with psychosis had been compared to treatment as usual. We carried out a meta-analysis and pooled the results of the studies with Body Mass Index as primary outcome.ResultsThe results of the meta-analysis show an effect toward the experimental group. At the end of the intervention phase there is a −0.98 kg/m2 reduction in the mean Body Mass Index of psychotic subjects. Notably, prevention studies with individual psychoeducational programmes that include diet and/or physical activity seem to have the highest impact.ConclusionsWhen compared with treatment as usual in psychotic patients, preventive and individual lifestyle interventions that include diet and physical activity generally prove to be effective in reducing weight. Physical screening and monitoring programmes are well accepted by patients and can be implemented in a variety of settings. A weight loss of 0.98 points in the Body Mass Index corresponds to a loss of 3.12% of the initial weight. This percentage is below the 5% to 10% weight loss deemed sufficient to improve weight-related complications such as hypertension, type II diabetes, and dyslipidemia. However, it is reported that outcomes associated with metabolic risk factors may have greater health implications than weight changes alone. Therefore, in addition to weight reduction, the assessment of metabolic parameters to monitor other independent risk factors should also be integrated into physical health promotion and management in people with mental disorders.

Creating an effective physical activity-based health promotion programme for adults with a brain injury

Primary objective: To describe the processes involved with developing and implementing a physical activity-based health promotion programme for people with a brain injury, summarize previous health promotion research efforts and provide an actual example of a programme entitled P.A.C.E, a ‘Physical Activity Centred Education’ programme.Reasoning behind literature selection: Brain injury is a serious public health issue due to the incidence, complexity and high healthcare costs. Health promotion programmes that incorporate physical activity have been shown to improve the health of people with a disability. However, if programmes are to be successful they have to be appropriately designed, otherwise individuals will not adopt and maintain the desired health behaviours.Main outcomes and results: Readers will have an understanding of (1) how a theoretical framework drives programme development, (2) the strategies required to facilitate behaviour change, (3) how previous research supports the use of a physical activity-based health promotion programme and (4) how to implement a programme.Conclusions: Future research ideas are provided so as to stimulate research in the area of physical activity-based health promotion programmes for people with a brain injury.