Promotion Activities Research Articles

Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes influenced by paris polyphylla in tongue cancer using network pharmacology

BackgroundTongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) represents the most prevalent form of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, comprising approximately one-third of all oral cancers. Paris polyphylla(PP) exhibit promising anti-tumor properties, yet their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying TSCC treatment with PP and establishes a theoretical basis for their clinical application.MethodsEmploying transcriptomics and network pharmacology methodologies, we identified autophagy-related key genes associated with the effects of PP. These genes were subjected to KEGG and GO enrichment analyses to determine their related functions. In vitro, CAL-27 cells were treated with 10, 30, and 60 μg/ml of PP for 24 h to assess tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy-related markers.Key findings.Molecular docking of MAPK3 and PSEN1 with PP revealed stable hydrogen bond interactions, indicating the therapeutic potential of these saponins in TSCC through the autophagy pathway. In vitro experiments demonstrated significant inhibition of proliferative activity in tongue squamous carcinoma CAL-27 cells and promotion of tumor cell apoptosis by PP. Western blot analysis confirmed alterations in the expression of autophagy markers P62, LC3B, and Beclin1 following treatment, suggesting activation of the autophagy pathway.ConclusionsOur results suggest that PP inhibits tumor cells through the autophagy pathway, in which MAPK3 and PSEN1 play a role as potential functional molecules.

Harnessing nature's defenders: unveiling the potential of microbial consortia for plant defense induction against Alternaria blight in cumin.

Present study was aimed to develop an efficient microbial consortium for combating Alternaria blight disease in cumin. The research involved isolating biocontrol agents against Alternaria burnsii, characterizing their biocontrol and growth promotion traits, and assessing compatibility. A pot experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2022-2023 to evaluate the bioefficacy of four biocontrol agents (1F, 16B, 31B, and 223B) individually and in consortium, focusing on disease severity, plant growth promotion, and defense responses in cumin challenged with A. burnsii. Microbial isolates 1F, 16B, 31B, and 223B significantly inhibited A. burnsii growth in dual plate assays (~ 86%), displaying promising biocontrol and plant growth promotion activities. They were identified as Trichoderma afroharzianum 1F, Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus 16B, Pseudomonas lalkuanensis 31B, and Bacillus licheniformis 223B, respectively. The excellent compatibility was observed among all selected biocontrol agents. Cumin plants treated with consortia of 1F + 16B + 31B + 223B showed least percent disease index (32.47%) and highest percent disease control (64.87%). Consortia of biocontrol agents significantly enhanced production of secondary metabolites (total phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant, and tannin) and activation of antioxidant-defense enzymes (POX, PPOX, CAT, SOD, PAL, and TAL) compared to individual biocontrol treatment and infected control. Moreover, consortium treatments effectively reduced electrolyte leakage over the individual biocontrol agent and infected control treatment. The four-microbe consortium significantly enhanced chlorophyll (154%), carotenoid content (88%), plant height (78.77%), dry weight (72.81%), and seed yield (104%) compared to infected control. Based on these findings, this environmentally friendly four-microbe consortium may be recommended for managing Alternaria blight in cumin.

Relationship Between Community-Based Total Sanitation and Stunting Incidence in Medan City

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Stunting remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in Medan City. Poor sanitation has been identified as one of the key contributing factors to stunting. This study aims to analyze the relationship between community-based total sanitation and stunting incidence in Medan City. The research is a comparative study with a case-control design. It was conducted in five sub-districts with high stunting rates among the fourteen sub-districts in Medan City that have received community-based total sanitation interventions. The study was carried out from November 2023 to February 2024. The study population included all mothers with children age 0-59 months living in sub-districts that received community-based total sanitation interventions. There were 165 participants in the stunting and 49,676 in the not stunting. The sample size was calculated using the Lemeshow formula, resulting in 50 mothers for the stunting group. The not stunting group was matched to the case group in a 1:1 ratio, making the total sample size 100 mothers. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.</em><em> </em><em>Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 27, employing the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that three pillars of community-based total sanitation were significantly related to stunting incidence: relationship between handwashing with soap and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.005; OR=4.125), relationship between household Latrine and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.001; OR=7.211), and relationship between household solid waste management and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.027; OR=2.681). The overall relationship between community-based total sanitation and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.015; OR=6.769). Recommendations for the Health Department and Community Health Centers in Medan City include enhancing the achievement of the five STBM pillars within the community through health promotion activities.</em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keyword: Child, Hygiene, Mother, Sanitation, Stunting</em></strong></p>

A Survey of Practice and Factors Affecting Physiotherapist-Led Health Promotion for People at Risk or with Cardiovascular Disease in Cameroon.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and associated risk factors are a growing concern in Cameroon. Physiotherapists (PTs) can play a crucial role in prevention and management. However, the extent of Cameroonian PT involvement in health promotion (HP) activities remains unclear. This study assessed Cameroonian physiotherapists' current HP practices for people at risk of or with CVDs (pwCVDs). A cross-sectional survey was administered online to PTs practising in Cameroon. Out of 181 PT responses, 95% reported providing a variety of HP activities, including weight management (74%), dietary advice (73%), physical activity (69%), smoking cessation (69%), stress management (61%), and sleep promotion (48%). While PTs were confident in lifestyle assessments, they felt less confident about sleep interventions. Strong beliefs, confidence, team support, and time allocation enhanced HP practice. However, preference for passive modalities, patient adherence issues, organisational challenges, role ambiguity among healthcare providers, inadequate training opportunities, and the absence of established guidelines for CVD prevention negatively affect HP practice. These findings highlight the challenges and opportunities for enhancing HP delivery within the physiotherapy profession in Cameroon. The findings are useful for future strategies by clinical practitioners and policy makers to address barriers and leverage facilitators effectively for scaling up HP initiatives in Cameroon.

Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics

Evaluating dietary guidelines using diet quality (DQ) offers valuable insights into the healthfulness of a population’s diet. We conducted a forensic analysis using DQ metrics to compare the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG-2020) with its former version (MDG-2010) in relation to cardiometabolic risk (CMR) for an adult Malaysian population. A DQ analysis of cross-sectional data from the Malaysia Lipid Study (MLS) cohort (n = 577, age: 20-65yrs) was performed using the healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) framework in conformation with MDG-2020 (MHEI2020) and MDG-2010 (MHEI2010). Of 13 dietary components, recommended servings for whole grain, refined grain, beans and legumes, total protein, and dairy differed between MDGs. DQ score associations with CMR, dietary patterns and sociodemographic factors were examined. Out of 100, total DQ scores of MLS participants were ‘poor’ for both MHEI2020 (37.1 ± 10.3) and MHEI2010 (39.1 ± 10.4), especially among young adults, males, Malays, and those frequently ‘eating out’ as well as those with greatest adherence to Sugar-Sweetened Beverages pattern and lowest adherence to Food Plant pattern. Both metrics shared similar correlations with CMR markers, with MHEI2020 exhibiting stronger correlations with WC, BF%, TG, insulin, HOMA2-IR, and smallLDL than MHEI2010, primarily attributed to reduced refined grain serving. Notably, participants with the highest adherence to MHEI2020 scores exhibited significantly reduced odds for elevated TG (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.93, p = 0.030), HOMA2-IR (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.88, p = 0.022), and hsCRP (AOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.96, p = 0.040, compared to those with the lowest adherence. Each 5-unit increase in MHEI2020 scores reduced odds for elevated BMI (− 14%), WC (− 9%), LDL-C (− 32%), TG (− 15%), HOMA2-IR (− 9%) and hsCRP (− 12%). While MHEI2020 scores demonstrated better calibration with CMR indicators, the overall sub-optimally ‘poor’ DQ scores of this population call for health promotion activities to target the public to achieve adequate intake of healthful fruits, non-starchy vegetables and whole grain, and moderate intake of refinedgrain, added sugar and saturated fat.

Should Universities partner with NGOs? A Case Study of a University of Technology and a Coding School for Refugees

This paper explores the advantages of a University-NGO Partnership between the Faculty of Informatics at Vienna University of Technology (TU Vienna) and the NGO „refugees{code}―, a coding school for refugees in Vienna, Austria. The goal of this collaboration is twofold: Firstly, to help students apply coding skills practically and enhance their proficiency through teaching experiences with underrepresented groups; and secondly, to provide refugees with meaningful activities that match their profession, education, and personal interests, which might have been interrupted in their home countries. The study evaluates the perspectives of the stakeholders involved. To do so, written surveys and interviews with computer science students, refugees and team members of the NGO were conducted. The results indicate that meaningful educational benefits for computer science students can be created within such partnerships, such as enhanced teaching abilities, dispelled prejudices, insights into the factors affecting refugees' educational and career trajectories, as well as improved communication and empathy skills. However, challenges for such partnerships also exist, including giving student teachers more time for meetings and discussions, empowering them to make decisions, providing access to counseling psychologists and interpreters, and offering support in managing participants' expectations. The findings shed light on the potential benefits from participating in campus-community partnerships and suggest several measures to improve them, such as providing additional ECTS credits, intensifying promotional activities to encourage greater student participation, providing alumni support, and issuing official certificates.

Application of SWOT Analysis and Porter’s Five Forces As a Foundation for Formulating Marketing Strategies

Abstract Introduction: This study develops previous research by combining SWOT and Porter's Five Forces Models as a basis for determining tourism marketing strategies at the Patuha Geothermal Destination in Bandung Regency. The Patuha Geothermal Destination in Bandung Regency has become one of the geothermal tourism areas that has great potential, so this research is expected to contribute to the development of sustainable tourism. Methodology: The analytical method used is quantitative data analysis method and case studies using two well-known strategic analysis frameworks, namely SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and Porter's Five Forces as a basis for formulating marketing strategies. Findings: The results of this research show that the SWOT results are in quadrant II so that in developing and planning the marketing of the Geothermal Patuha destination, it is necessary to implement diverse and innovative strategies as an effort to utilize internal resources and anticipate competitor threats. Apart from that, using the Porter's Five Forces approach, the appropriate strategy model for the Patuha Geothermal destination marketing strategy is to develop market penetration. Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis using Porter's Five Forces approach, the recommended strategy for maintaining Patuha Geothermal tourism potential is through an intensive approach with market development strategies that involve more active promotional activities and offering more competitive prices to visitors. Keywords: SWOT Analysis, Porter's Five Forces Model, Marketing Strategy

Effect of Various Fruit Extracts on Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Kallikrein (KLK) Activities.

Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease and causes widespread morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this work was to screen the fruit with high angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and kallikrein (KLK) promotion activity by three different extraction methods from 22 kinds of fruits. Results showed that the aqueous extracts of fresh kiwifruit significantly inhibited ACE activity (47.71%), whereas the KLK activity was also inhibited (4.56%). This indicated that the substances inhibiting ACE activity existed in kiwifruit might be small molecular substances such as polyphenols. The nonpolar substance existed in the ethanol extracts of grape inhibited ACE activity significantly. The enzymatic hydrolysates of red grape significantly promoted KLK activity, whereas its ethanol extracts significantly inhibited KLK activity. This results suggested that the components that lower blood pressure and raise blood pressure are generally presented in the same fruit, the former are mostly water-soluble substances, while the latter are generally alcohol-soluble substances. If certain or individual components can be isolated from edible fruits, they may significantly affect blood pressure in humans.

Pengembangan Pariwisata Melalui Penggunaan dan Pengoptimalan Media Digital

Knowledge and understanding about how to use and apply social media in promotional or business activities for tourism actors or the public is very important. Some of the main problems faced by service partners are related to the use and optimization of social media. If the community or tourism actors already have an understanding of these things, their business can grow more rapidly. The aim of implementing this community service is to provide strengthening and understanding of management concepts such as marketing, use of digital media, to develop business for the community or tourism actors in promoting tourist attractions in Tlogokotes Village as service partners. The activity mechanism uses lecture and discussion methods as well as practice or simulation. Each session ends with a question and answer session to find out how far the participants' level of understanding is in responding to the material that has been presented. This community service activity was carried out in three sessions by each team member, and it was carried out well. As a result, service partners can have better knowledge and understanding of management concepts, because the response and enthusiasm of service partners to understand the material presented is quite high. As a recommendation, community service with this theme can be carried out with other service partners such as home industry groups, street vendor groups, traditional market trader groups and so on, so as to expand understanding of management concepts such as Sharia marketing, product packaging and financial management. business better.

The role of primary healthcare amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the Family Health Strategy in Brazil

This paper investigates the role of primary healthcare in mitigating the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the Brazilian Family Health Strategy (ESF) as a case study. ESF is Brazil’s major primary care initiative, with prior evidence indicating its effectiveness in improving various health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic submitted the Brazilian healthcare system to a rigorous and unprecedented stress test, whose repercussions are still under study. Using comprehensive administrative microdata from 2016 to 2022 encompassing dimensions related to mortality, healthcare service, supply of family health teams, and vaccination coverage, our empirical strategy accounts for heterogeneous effects based on program intensity and pandemic evolution of the 5570 Brazilian municipalities. Our findings reveal that municipalities with high-intensity of ESF coverage (i.e. stronger primary care) experienced 347.93 (95% CI: 289.04, 406.81) fewer COVID-19 and cardiorespiratory deaths per million inhabitants throughout the pandemic period, compared to those in low-intensity ESF areas, despite sharing similar profiles of deaths from respiratory and cardiovascular causes. Among the channels contributing to this relative performance, high-intensity ESF municipalities were found to engage in more home-based primary care visits and health promotion activities while maintaining a similar supply of community health workers. Additionally, they achieved higher vaccination coverage, and these effects were more pronounced in areas with greater ESF presence, emphasising the importance of primary care coverage. In conclusion, our findings underscore the relevance of strong primary care in mitigating the consequences of the pandemic and addressing post-pandemic health challenges.

Utilization of Digital Marketing Content Creator for Promotion of Entrepreneurship

Technological developments, the use of smartphones and internet access provide innovation in marketing activities. Entrepreneurs have new strategies in marketing the goods they produce which were originally marketed offline and can then be marketed online. Online marketing is one of the digital marketing strategies. Digital marketing activities are an important point in entrepreneurship promotion activities, considering that all forms of activity, especially in the business sector, have gone through the digitalization stage, so understanding in the digital marketing process must be improved so that they are not left behind and goals can continue to be achieved. The use of digital marketing is needed to improve the entrepreneurial marketing skills of students at SMA 7 Padang, SMK 4 Padang, and SMA 3 Tebo, so that students can implement digital marketing and be able to increase their business potential. Digital marketing involves starting from content creation, placing online advertisements, website optimization, email marketing, relations with online media, to becoming a social media admin. One application of digital marketing in business is content creation. This activity provides guidance regarding digital marketing strategies using content creation methods via social media platforms.

Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal That the Abietane Diterpene Isopimaric Acid Promotes Rice Growth through Inhibition of Defense Pathways.

Plants are an important source for the discovery of novel natural growth regulators. We used activity screening to demonstrate that treatment of Nipponbare seeds with 25 μg/mL isopimaric acid significantly increased the resulting shoot length, root length, and shoot weight of rice seedlings by 11.37 ± 5.05%, 12.96 ± 7.63%, and 27.98 ± 10.88% and that it has a higher activity than Gibberellin A3 (GA3) at the same concentration. A total of 213 inbred lines of different rice lineages were screened, and we found that isopimaric acid had different growth promotional activities on rice seedlings of different varieties. After induction with 25 μg/mL isopimaric acid, 15.02% of the rice varieties tested showed increased growth, while 15.96% of the varieties showed decreased growth; the growth of the remaining 69.02% did not show any significant change from the control. In the rice varieties showing an increase in growth, the shoot length and shoot weight significantly increased, accounting for 21.88% and 31.25%. The root length and weight significantly increased, accounting for 6.25% and 3.13%. Using genome-wide association studies (GWASs), linkage disequilibrium block, and gene haplotype significance analysis, we identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signals that were significantly associated with the length and weight of shoots on chromosomes 2 and 8, respectively. After that, we obtained 17 candidate genes related to the length of shoots and 4 candidate genes related to the weight of shoots. Finally, from the gene annotation data and gene tissue-specific expression; two genes related to this isopimaric acid regulation phenotype were identified as OsASC1 (LOC_Os02g37080) on chromosome 2 and OsBUD13 (LOC_Os08g08080) on chromosome 8. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that OsASC1 was expressed in the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane, while OsBUD13 was expressed in the nucleus. Further RT-qPCR analysis showed that the relative expression levels of the resistance gene OsASC1 and the antibody protein gene OsBUD13 decreased significantly following treatment with 25 μg/mL isopimaric acid. These results suggest that isopimaric acid may inhibit defense pathways in order to promote the growth of rice seedlings.

Development of Transdermal Formulation Integrating Polymer-Based Solid Microneedles and Thermoresponsive Gel Fucoidan for Antiaging: Proof of Concept Study.

Skin can be damaged by intense and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Photoaging and acute damage from sun exposure result in collagen degradation and enzymatic activity decline in the skin. Fucoidan (FUC) exhibits potential antiaging properties, including collagen synthesis promotion and enzyme activity inhibition. However, FUC's limited ability to penetrate the skin layers due to its large molecular weight makes it a challenge for topical application. In this study, we successfully developed a new approach by integrating thermoresponsive gel (TRG) containing FUC with solid microneedles (SMNs) as a delivery system. TRG is formulated using a combination of Pluronic F127 (PF127) and Pluronic F68 (PF68) polymers, while SMNs are made from a mixture of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) polymers with a variety of cross-linkers. Based on the results of ex vivo testing, it was shown that more than 80% of FUC can be delivered using the optimized formula. Furthermore, the results of the in vitro blood hemolytic test showed that TRG-FUC-SMNs were relatively biocompatible. In vivo antiaging activity tests using a rat model exposed to UV for 14 days showed that histological assessment, skin elasticity measurement, wrinkle evaluation, and skin moisture content had no significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to the positive control group. In contrast, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed when comparing the TRG-FUC-SMNs group with the group that received only TRG-FUC without pretreatment and negative controls. These findings suggest that FUC has potential to be delivered using the TRG system in combination with SMNs to harness its antiaging properties.

Government promotion and city image: visitor intentions in Macao

PurposeThis study aims to critically evaluate the impact of government tourism promotion methods on city image and visiting intentions and to explore the moderating effect of tourism experience on two of the conceptualized relationships, using Macao as a case study.Design/methodology/approachThe research analyzed responses from 407 Macao visitors during the pandemic to determine the effects of tourism promotion methods on the city’s image and visiting intention using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses.FindingsThis study revealed that tourism promotion methods positively impact the city’s image and visiting intentions. City image also mediates the relationship between tourism promotion methods and visiting intentions. Furthermore, tourism experience moderates the relationships between promotion methods and city image and between promotion methods and visiting intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s findings on the effects of promotion methods utilized by local governments support and expand upon existing theoretical frameworks within the realm of nonprofit organizations’ management and marketing for destination marketing organizations (DMOs). However, the cross-sectional design limits causality, and findings may not be generalizable beyond Macao without further comparative research.Practical implicationsThis study provides valuable insights for policymakers and marketers to design promotional campaigns that deliver authentic and memorable experiences, aligning with their promotional promises, especially in postpandemic contexts.Social implicationsThis research contributes to the theoretical and methodological advancement of management and marketing for DMOs from a public sector perspective, highlighting the critical role of government involvement in urban tourism promotion.Originality/valueThe research offers valuable insights into how promotional activities influence visiting intentions, advancing tourism management and marketing for DMOs from a nonprofit perspective. The study validates theories and adds unique insights by focusing on Macao’s postpandemic recovery, offering practical implications for similar urban settings.

The Mediating Effect of Consumer Brand Relationship Quality and Perceived Product Quality on Ethical Marketing Behavior and Brand Loyalty of Software Companies in China

This study examines the impact of ethical marketing practices on consumer-brand relationships, product quality perceptions, and brand loyalty within the software industry. Through a quantitative research approach, data from 352 respondents were analyzed to assess various dimensions of consumer perceptions and behaviors related to ethical marketing. Findings indicate that software companies perceived as prioritizing ethical practices benefit from stronger consumer-brand relationships, higher perceived product quality, and enhanced brand loyalty. Strategic implications suggest personalized marketing approaches, continuous product innovation, integration of ethical considerations across operations, transparent pricing strategies, and truthful communication in promotional activities as key drivers of consumer trust and loyalty.

Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu melalui Media Sosial Instagram "Nona Judes"

The development of technology and communication has experienced quite amazing developments and made it easier for someone to promote products for sale, especially food and beverage products. Promotion is very important in marketing a product offline or online. Before online, offline influenced selling a product to the communicant, face to face, being able to see the expression on the communicant's face directly, as technology develops now, online sales increasingly influence sales because the sophistication of current technology greatly influences marketing developments. This research aims to determine the Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy via Instagram Social Media "Miss Judes". The theory used in this research is Integrated Marketing Communication. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique is conducting in-depth interviews, where the interview is intended to obtain data and information that is reliable and can be accounted for. So the researcher conducted interviews with key informants and informants. Data analysis techniques are collected, analyzed, and interpreted to obtain an overview of the observed variables, through data reduction. The research results show that Miss Judes' marketing communication strategy carries out product and service promotion activities through Instagram social media. Through social media, these activities are more effective, whereas Instagram social media only relies on internet quota or WiFi, which is different from direct promotion.

THE EFFECT OF PROMOTION, PRICE, AND CUSTOMER RATING ONLINE ON THE BUYING DECISION OF TOKOPEDIA E-COMMERCE: A CASE STUDY IN PADANG

This study aims to analyze the impact of promotions, pricing, and online customer ratings on purchasing decisions in the Tokopedia e-commerce platform in Padang City. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was tested for validity and reliability. Regression analysis results indicate that promotions and online customer ratings have a significant positive influence on purchasing decisions, while pricing does not have a substantial impact. These findings provide insights for business practitioners in designing effective marketing strategies in the digital era. It is recommended that sellers continuously optimize promotional strategies, set competitive prices, and manage customer reviews effectively to enhance purchasing decisions. Promotional activities are considered highly important in boosting purchasing decisions, whereas high prices may reduce consumer interest.

The Impact of Promotion, Product Quality, and Trust toward Online Impulsive Buying Decisions: The Mediating Role of Flow Experience

Online purchasing has experienced significant growth, with approximately 40 percent of total online purchases classified as impulsive. However, there is a gap between the potential rise in online purchases and the proportion of impulsive purchases, which remains at 40 percent. To address this gap and boost short-term sales for producers, this study aims to evaluate the impact of promotion, product quality, and trust on online impulsive buying decisions, considering the role of flow experience as an intervening variable. The research employs a descriptive quantitative method, collecting data through questionnaires using a Likert scale. The study was conducted in the D.K.I Jakarta area, involving 246 respondents. Data analysis was performed using path analysis to examine the relationships between the independent variables (promotion, product quality, and trust), the intervening variable (flow experience), and the dependent variable (online impulsive buying decisions). The findings reveal that promotion has a positive and significant influence on online impulsive buying decisions. Moreover, promotion significantly impacts flow experience, which in turn mediates the effect of promotion on online impulsive buying decisions. On the contrary, product quality and trust do not significantly affect either online impulsive buying decisions or flow experience. This suggests that promotional activities are crucial for enhancing impulsive purchases online, while product quality and trust play a lesser role in this context.

Community-Based Health Information Systems in Africa: A Scoping Review of Data Generation, Utilization, and Community Empowerment.

The community-based health information system (CBHIS) is a vital component of the community health system, as it assesses community-level healthcare service delivery and generates data for community health programme planning, monitoring, and evaluation. CBHIS promotes data-driven decision-making, by identifying priority interventions and programs, guiding resource allocation, and contributing to evidence-based policy development. This scoping review aims to comprehensively examine the use of CBHIS in African countries, focusing on data generation, pathways, utilisation of CBHIS data, community accessibility to the data and use of the data to empower communities. We utilised Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology. We searched eight databases: PubMed, EMBASE, HINARI, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and grey literature databases (Open Grey and OAIster). We synthesised findings using a thematic approach. Our review included 55 articles from 27 African countries, primarily in Eastern and Southern Africa, followed by West Africa. Most of the studies were either quantitative (42%) or qualitative (33%). Paper-based systems are primarily used for data collection in most countries, but some have adopted electronic/mobile-based systems or both. The data flow for CBHIS varies by country and the tools used for data collection. CBHIS data informs policies, resource allocation, staffing, community health dialogues, and commodity supplies for community health programmes. Community dialogue is the most common approach for community engagement, empowerment, and sharing of CBHIS data with communities. Community empowerment tends towards health promotion activities and health provider-led approaches. CBHIS utilises both paper-based and electronic-based systems to collect and process data. Nevertheless, most countries rely on paper-based systems. Most of the CBHIS investments have focused on digitisation and enhancing data collection, process, and quality. However, there is a need to shift the emphasis towards enabling data utilisation at the community level and community empowerment.

The Marketing Strategy of Cha Yan Yue Se

In contemporary society, marketing plays a vital role in promoting products. As a new style tea drink brand, Cha Yan Yue Se attracts more and more consumers' attention. The purpose of this study is to analyze Cha Yan Yue Se's marketing strategy in the current environment. The results of the study show that Cha Yan Yue Se's marketing strategy is effective in increasing product awareness. Through unique product design and promotional activities, Cha Yan Yue Se succeeded in establishing an emotional connection with consumers and stimulating their desire to buy. However, Cha Yan Yue Se's marketing strategy also faces challenges such as fierce competition and a gradually saturated market environment. In response to these problems, this paper offers some valuable suggestions. First, the brand needs to improve the quality and attractiveness of its products. Secondly, it is necessary to grasp the advantages of the brand's price strategy. Finally, in terms of publicity and promotion, brands can adopt various forms of activities to attract more attention and participation from potential consumers. In addition, the brand should also strengthen its interaction and communication with consumers and continuously improve and optimize its marketing strategy.