Land Of Promise Research Articles

Loving Nature: Past, Present, and Future

At this hinge point in planetary history, the future of Earth is in our hands. How ought Christians to love nature? In the biblical past, Earth was a miracle, a divine gift. Today, the land of promise is a vision of a planet with promise. Ancient certainty needs to become an urgent future hope.

Wayfaring Strangers: The Musical Voyage from Scotland and Ulster to Appalachia by Fiona Ritchie and Douglas M. Orr Jr. (review)

Reviewed by: Wayfaring Strangers: The Musical Voyage from Scotland and Ulster to Appalachia by Fiona Ritchie and Douglas M. Orr Jr. Travis D. Stimeling Wayfaring Strangers: The Musical Voyage from Scotland and Ulster to Appalachia. By Fiona Ritchie and Douglas M. Orr Jr., with the assistance of Darcy Orr, and foreword by Dolly Parton. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014. [xx, 361 p. ISBN 9781469618227 (hardcover), $39.95; (e-book), $34.99.] CD, illustrations, bibliography, discography, index. In his landmark study of Appalachian history, John Alexander Williams observed that “the Irish migration proved one of the formative influences in Appalachian history, though it has created additional problems for historians,” who must work to capture the complex nature of Irishness in the British Isles and North America (John Alexander Williams, Appalachia: A History [Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002], 43). Paul F. Wells and Sally K. Sommers Smith have noted similar issues arising from efforts to trace the influence of Irish music on North American vernacular musics, remarking that “the nature and significance of this impact is widely acknowledged but poorly understood, resulting in frequent oversimplification of complex historical threads” (“Irish Music and Musicians in the United States: An Introduction,” Journal of the Society for American Music 4, no. 4 [November 2010]: 395). Wayfaring Strangers: The Musical Voyage from Scotland and Ulster to Appalachia, written by National Public Radio host Fiona Ritchie and Swannanoa Gathering founder Doug [End Page 378] Orr, attempts to trace these “complex historical threads” by telling a story of a musical, dancing, and storytelling people who were almost perpetually on the move, making an indelible impact on the cultures of the people they met along the way. Lushly illustrated with images of traditional musicians, stunning rural landscapes, and maps, and filled with the voices of contemporary musicians on both sides of the Atlantic, Wayfaring Strangers offers a useful general introduction to the relationships between Irish, Scottish, and Appalachian traditional musics. Ritchie and Orr cast their narrative in three broad chapters: “Beginnings,” “Voyage,” and “Singing a New Song.” “Beginnings” explores the origins of the impulse to combine story and song, beginning with the troubadours, trouvères, and minstrels of the Middle Ages and continuing to the Scottish courts of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries before moving onward to Scandinavia. Particularly compelling is the careful attention that the authors pay to the specific cross-cultural interactions that occurred within individual council areas and the ways that those interactions may have influenced particular musical practices. Ritchie and Orr frequently draw upon ballad texts in their treatment of these histories, treating them as valuable sites of cultural memory. The second chapter—“Voyage”—documents the migration of the Scots to Ulster and onward to North America, using song texts to discuss the factors that encouraged such movement, including Scottish colonial efforts, rent-racking, population expansion, and religious persecution. In this chapter, one gets the sense that the Ulster Scots were faced with the prospect of ever-widening distances between their ancestral homelands and the new frontiers they settled, first crossing the North Channel from Scotland to Ulster and later crossing the Atlantic Ocean to a land of unknown promise. Not surprisingly, Ritchie and Orr spend a fair amount of this chapter exploring the ways that emigrants and the people they left behind captured the complicated emotions of these constant departures in song and rituals such as the “American Wake,” a multiday sending-off party that they describe as “heartfelt and harrowing in equal measure” (p. 95). In the last chapter, “Singing a New Song,” Ritchie and Orr continue this story of Ulster Scot migration, this time from the burgeoning urban center of Philadelphia—one of the most significant ports of entry for Scots-Irish immigrants in the United States—down the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road and the Wilderness Road into southern Appalachia. Along the way, the authors offer a cursory examination of the musical products of interactions between the Scots-Irish and German settlers (the dulcimer) and African American slaves (the adoption of the banjo), as well as their engagement with native Cherokees. Ritchie and Orr then attempt to offer brief discussions of many of the primary genres...

Entry Strategy of Korean Construction SMEs in the African Market

Africa is emerging as a promising land for companies exploring foreign market entry opportunities. The purpose of this study is to address the factors influencing entry mode decision of Korean construction SMEs in the African market. Using a cross-country comparative case study approach, we analyzed entries of Korean specialty contractors in three African countries: Morocco, Nigeria, and Algeria. Findings reveal that entry mode is highly influenced by host country factors such as regulations and safety. In particular, SMEs stagger entry mode and entry process to the host country uncertainty level. To keep an option to expand the investment later in Algeria and Nigeria having a high uncertainty level, SMEs start with low level engagement, for instance subcontractor, and extend further when they have acquired enough proprietary information as well as a strong local network. This staged entry mode is grounded in real option theory. This research emphasizes on industry factors relevant on the entry mode decision and the unique traits of the construction industry. It also builds a systematical approach of Korean construction SMEs towards the African market. Another implication of this research is to raise the awareness for the reciprocal growing interest of Korean SMEs for the African market that needs to be stimulated by more incentive policies.

The Shi͑a Isma͑ili Da͑wat in Khurasan: From its Early Beginning to the Ghaznawid Era

This paper focuses on the rise and development of the Shi͑a Isma͑ili (hereafter, Isma͑ili) history in Khurasan, from its earliest beginning to the end of the Ghaznawid era. It demonstrates that the Isma͑ili da͑wat (summons) in Khursan has been a successful endeavour. Its success has mainly been due to the fact that the Isma͑ili imams always valued Khurasan as an important and promising land for their da͑wat mission, which was led and carried by the hard work of the Isma͑ili da͑i s (summoners), who were able to create a strong and resilient da͑wat network, and convert both laypeople as well as intellectual, military and political elites to the Isma͑ili esoteric doctrine. However, this history has often been overlooked and largely remains underexplored because of at least two factors. First, conventional historiography, which still dominates mainstream historiography, mainly focuses on big narratives, and rarely pays attention to the history and events of minority groups. Secondly, anti-Isma͑ili polemicists intentionally fabricated many narratives about Isma͑ili history in order to obscure and disrepute the origin of the Isma͑ili imams, their da͑i s, da͑wat school, and history. Until the mid-twentieth century, the fabricated accounts, which were considered to be historical facts, dominated the field of Isma͑ili history. With these two historical realities in mind, this article aims at (a) opening a space for Isma͑ili history in Khurasan, which has often been kept in the margin of mainstream interpretations; and (b) contributing to our knowledge of the subject by analysing it, from its earliest beginning until the end of the Ghaznawid era, in the light of modern scholarship.

Counterfactual Moving in Bill T. Jones'sLast Supper at Uncle Tom's Cabin/The Promised Land

History has rules. One rule dictates that a people whose identity has been forged by violence and deprivation will manifest violence and deprivation. Such rules must be broken.—Bill T. JonesWhen Bill T. Jones's longtime creative and life partner Arnie Zane was in the last months of his life, the pair began conceiving a new work for their dance company, the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company (BTJ/AZ), that was inspired by Zane's love of Leonardo da Vinci's paintingThe Last Supperand a gift from company member Seán Curran of a pornographic deck of playing cards titled 52 Handsome Nudes. Zane generated the image of African American opera star Jessye Norman “on an ice floe, suspended above the stage at the Brooklyn Academy of Music” as a postmodern interpretation of Harriet Beecher Stowe's character Eliza Harris, the romantic heroine ofUncle Tom's Cabin. Zane passed away in March of 1988, and Jones continued on with their idea, eventually staging and touringLast Supper at Uncle Tom's Cabin/The Promised Landin 1990. The first half of the work, comprising “The Cabin” and “Eliza on the Ice,” is a reimagining of Stowe's classic text that is part of one of the company's abiding projects, the choreographing of contemporary relationships to history. For Jones and many in his company,Uncle Tom's Cabinwas not simply a story from the past but was rather a persistent narrative that has shaped historical trajectories of racial prejudice within the United States and in current lived experiences of racialized embodiment. This essay examines how the company's multiracial cast performed “Eliza on the Ice” as an experiment in historical inquiry through imagining “counterfactuals” to Stowe's representation of the racially hybrid Eliza. I propose that the company's choreographic and conceptual strategy of counterfactual moving, through its emphasis on embodiment, critically addresses the impact of the historical past on present bodies.

Are Well Construction Practices Safe for the Environment?

Beyond the Headlines Editor’s note: Professionals in the oil and gas industry often receive questions about how industry operations affect public health, the environment, and the communities in which they operate. Of particular concern today is the impact of hydraulic fracturing on the environment. In this new column, JPT is inviting energy experts to put those questions and concerns about industry operations into perspective. Additional information about the oil and gas industry, how it affects society, and how to explain industry operations and practices to the general public is available on SPE’s Energy4me website at www. energy4me.org. There are headlines every day that discuss the ethics and safety behind oil and gas operations, particularly hydraulic fracturing. According to the media, hydraulic fracturing can cause earthquakes, contaminated water, and even deformity in animals (if you believe the movie Promise Land). The truth behind the headlines is that hydraulic fracturing is a safe way to get natural gas out of the ground. What makes it a safe practice is solid well construction. The evolution of oil and gas well construction has passed through many frontiers with each new foray into the next “unconventional” hydrocarbon resource generating the needed technology to keep pace with the immediate needs. In light of more than 4 million wells drilled in North America over the past 194 years, it is somewhat surprising that the industry has been successful so many times, and what we have done with lessons learned from the relatively few failures. Wells are designed from the bottom to the top and from the inside outward, but they are drilled and constructed in exactly the opposite manner—often by practitioners with metrics different from the initial design principles. The fundamental objective that must shape every action along the way is that the final product of well construction must be a highly durable pressure vessel, albeit one that is composed of hundreds of threaded connections with a variety of seals and with a long coat of cement. Few other engineering disciplines operate in this highly cloaked area, in which the final engineering product, the downhole section of the well, cannot be conventionally seen, heard or touched, and produces a product that no one really wants to smell or taste. The birth of the US gas industry was ushered in by William Hart’s shale gas well in Fredonia, New York, in 1821. He encountered flowing gas at 28 ft and, consistent with the technology of the time, cased it with wood and flowed shale gas through wood and early steel pipes to light the streets and buildings previously illuminated with lamps filled with whale oil.

Making Sense of the Nakba

Zionist claims to rightful rule of most or all of Palestine/the Land of Israel ultimately depend on naturalizing those claims into common sense, for Jews, of course, but also for the international community. Following the 1967 war, Israelis in favor of withdrawing from occupied territories have relied on distinguishing between the justice of the 1949 Armistice Lines, and the process that led to the State of Israel within those lines, versus the injustice of the occupation of territories conquered in 1967 and of their settlement and gradual absorption. But as the truth of the expulsions and forced dispossession of Palestinians in 1948 becomes accepted by wider swaths of both Israeli-Jewish and international public opinion, the traditional narrative distinguishing the justice of 1948 and the injustice of 1967 breaks down. Ari Shavit's book, My Promised Land, can be understood as a response by Israeli two-staters to accusations of hypocrisy by the extreme right.

The Relationship between God and Israel as a Biblical Portrayal of the Bond between God and the Person in the Light of Deuteronomy 1:1–4:43

As the fifth book of the Pentateuch, Deuteronomy depicts a panoramic synthesis of the entire history of Israel. Consequently, its message is very important for Old Testament theology. Deuteronomy had its origin as a book of God’s Law, communicated to the Israelites by Moses, giving them in a certain way the best guidance possible through the course of their history. The Book of Deuteronomy raises important issues in the life and faith of the Israelites just as they prepare to enter the land of promise. The most important of them is the relationship between God and Israel; that direct connection of Israel’s obedience to the divine law that should be treated as ‘rule of life’ in the Promised Land. Moses’ first address to Israel (Deut 1:1–4:43) allows us to capture generally the essential elements that influence both positively and negatively on forming the vital relationship with God: the only One who can provide for every person a happy life – lived to the full.

America in the Psyche of Bangla Authors: Opening of the Space by Tagore

The essay, divided into five sections, explores how the Cultural Space called ‘America’ (and ‘Americanism’) are reflected in the works of a far-away literary-cultural community called Bangla (or Bengali) in South Asia, and how this inter-relationship was strengthened by Rabindranath Tagore. It begins with the post-Tagore post-WWII literary scene where America occurs as a backdrop and then touches upon Tagore’s contemporaries who referred to America. But it focuses on how Tagore, in his polemical writing, views the role of America in the international arena, or how he conceptualises Indo-American relations while commenting on American Society and its beliefs and practices — especially how it handles linguistic plurality, majority-minority relationships, and less-privileged groups. In particular, it discusses the concepts such as Individuality, Plurality, Diversity, Liberty and Civilization — all relevant for foreign policy initiatives then as well as now, and how America is viewed as a land of promise and opportunity.

The End of Futurity: Proleptic Nostalgia and the War on Terror

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments The kernel of this idea began with an analysis of Ruskin's “Law of Ruins” and the Twin Towers in Don DeLillo's oeuvre, published in the Don DeLillo Society Newsletter. This work spawned an article on “nostalgia for the future” in alternate history and near future fiction in the anthology, Narrating 9/11: Fantasies of State, Security, and Terrorism. While much different, this article nonetheless bears the genetic code of its primogenitors and deserves acknowledgment. I would like to specifically thank John Duvall, Brooks Hefner, Sean Grattan, Jason Dodge, and the anonymous readers at LIT: Literature Interpretation Theory. Notes It is true that most of these interventions did not so much directly promote liberal democracy as they did undermine communism. Suffice it to say here that the cognitive dissonance Americans felt regarding these operations was more often than not rooted in the fundamental logic of liberation and expansion. For critiques of Fukuyama's narrative, see Cohen; Pease; Huehls; and Engelhardt. While Noble's two-world metaphor is not coterminous with Agamben's messianic/eschaton, for our purposes they identify the same thing: the coming into being of an exceptional state/state of being. I consciously limit myself to this site. The Pentagon, as a military location, and United 93, as a site of heroism, do not fit into the cultural victimization narratives promoted over the past dozen years. Similarly, they don't carry the symbolic weight of the American liberal economic power as the WTC towers do. Appadurai describes this process at work in the association with minorities of Muslim populations in the West (and in India) that become associated with a larger (more threatening) global Muslim majority. This is true not only of Bush's Homeland Security State that revivifies the domestic as the target of purification, but also Obama's presidency, which similarly attempts to reestablish the promise of liberal democracy at home. Obama's 2008 presidential campaign attempted to suture together “three grand themes” that organize American “positionality”: “the American dream, the perfectible Union, the land of promise” (Pease 209). The positionality this inscribes is a domestic project that promises to restore America's lost exceptionalism for those left out of the expansive liberal democratic project of the preceding generations. The mantra “Yes We Can” is a nostalgic return to the constitutional promise of a nation created by and for the people, and drops the pretenses of internationalism altogether. And this nostalgia is not limited to the political sphere; it has been recorded across a swath of American cultural productions. Scholars like David Simpson, Kristiaan Versluys, and Richard Gray have all considered the various ways in which Americans made sense of the attacks by returning to some sense of a stable past within the domestic sphere. Amir Eshel similarly notes, “Facing a recent, traumatic past or imminent destruction, [places like post-9/11 New York] struggle with the sense of a world deprived of a future” (3). See DeRosa. The passage also exposes the confluence of art and terrorism that Don DeLillo identified in both Mao II and Falling Man. Additional informationNotes on contributorsAaron DeRosaAaron DeRosa is an Assistant Professor at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. His work has appeared in Arizona Quarterly and Studies in the Novel, and his current manuscript traces Cold War resonances after 9/11.

They Were Promised the Sea: Arab Jews between Homeland and Promised Land (Israel and Morocco) 2012 Color 94 min. Director: Kathy Wazana; Producer: Kathy Wazana/BiCom Productions. Distributor: Canadian Filmakers Distribution Centre, Toronto, Ontario ON M5V 3A8 (tel: 416 588-0725; e-mail: cfmdc@cfmdc.org).

They Were Promised the Sea: Arab Jews between Homeland and Promised Land (Israel and Morocco) 2012 Color 94 min. Director: Kathy Wazana; Producer: Kathy Wazana/BiCom Productions. Distributor: Canadian Filmakers Distribution Centre, Toronto, Ontario ON M5V 3A8 (tel: 416 588-0725; e-mail: cfmdc@cfmdc.org). - Volume 48 Issue 1-2

Land of promise. An economic history of the United States

Land of promise. An economic history of the United States

Ordeal by Fire in Medieval Ireland

The medieval Cormac's adventure in the Land of Promise contains a list of 'The twelve truths of the kingdom', twelve ordeals that include the cauldron and Morann's three collars. The paper discusses the 'cauldron of truth' in early Irish law and then proposes that Morann's third collar can be regarded as an ordeal by fire.

Organic matter composition in density fractions of Cerrado Ferralsols as revealed by CPMAS 13C NMR: Influence of pastureland, cropland and integrated crop-livestock

Integrated crop-livestock (ICL) is a promising land use system for the Brazilian Cerrado, but little is known about what this system might change in chemical composition of soil organic matter. In three long-term experiments (9–11 years old), located on Cerrado Ferralsols in Dourados, Maracaju and Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil), we assessed the impact of continuous cropland (CC), ICL, and permanent pasture of Brachiaria decumbens (PP) on the C concentration and composition of the free light fraction (FLF), occluded light fraction (OLF) and heavy fraction (HF) of soil in the 0–5cm layer. CPMAS13C NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the percentage of alkyl, O-alkyl, aromatic and carboxyl C types. In Dourados and Maracaju, PP had the highest concentrations of organic C in whole soil and physical fractions, while ICL was intermediate and CC lowest. In Campo Grande, soil organic C concentration was similar among management systems. Distribution of organic C across physical fractions was not affected by management nor by experimental site, and on average the FLF, OLF and HF contained 7%, 26% and 67% of the total storage, respectively. Signal peaks of the four main C types appeared in all CPMAS 13C NMR spectra, but at different intensities. O-alkyl was the major C type (about 50%), carboxyl was the minor representative (generally less than 10%) and alkyl and aromatic C were intermediates. From FLF to OLF, the alkyl and aromatic C concentrations increased, possibly due to selective preservation of waxes, resins, cutin, suberin and lignin. The HF had greater O-alkyl and lower aromatic C concentrations than OLF, which might have been related to the accumulation of microbial carbohydrates on mineral surfaces of the HF. Along the sequence CC–ICL–PP, the most evident changes were greater of O-alkyl and lower alkyl C types, practically in all fractions and sites. In FLF and OLF, these changes were attributed to greater biomass input and less seed drill-induced disturbance of soil surface (lower decomposition of residues) in the PP and ICL. Additionally, in OLF, greater O-alkyl concentration in PP and ICL was attributed to physical protection of particulate organic matter derived from grass roots occluded inside soil aggregates. Our results suggest that PP and ICL systems increased or maintained soil organic C concentrations compared to CC, associated with a qualitative increase of the chemically labile O-alkyl C type which was possibly related to greater biomass addition and less soil disturbance.

Contest for California: from Spanish colonization to the American conquest

California's early history was both colorful and turbulent. After Europeans first explored the region in the sixteenth century, it was conquered and colonized by successive waves of adventurers and settlers. In Contest for California, award-winning author Stephen G. Hyslop draws on a wide array of primary sources to weave an elegant narrative of this epic struggle for control of the territory that many saw as a beautiful, sprawling land of promise. In vivid detail, Hyslop traces the story of early California from its founding in 1769 by Spanish colonists to its annexation in 1848 by the United States. He describes the motivations and activities of colonizers and colonized alike. Using eyewitness accounts, he allows all participants--Native American, Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo-American--to have their say. Soldiers, settlers, missionaries, and merchants testify to the heroic and commonplace, the colorful and tragic, in California's pre-American history. Even as he acknowledges the dark side of this story, Hyslop avoids a simplistic perspective. Moving beyond the polarities that have marked late-twentieth-century California historiography, he offers nuanced portraits of such controversial figures as Junipero Serra and treats the Californios and their distinctive Hispanic culture with a respect lacking in earlier histories. Attentive to tensions within the invading groups--priests and the military during the Spanish era, merchants and settlers during the American era--he also never loses sight of their impact on the original inhabitants of the region: California's Native peoples. He also recounts the journeys of colonists from Russia, England, and other countries who influenced the development of California as it passed from the hands of Spaniards and Mexicans to Americans. Exhaustively researched yet concise, this book offers a much-needed alternative history of early California and its evolution from Spanish colony to American territory.

Introducing world Christianity

Dedication. Contents. List of Contributors. Map of World Christianity. Preface (Robert W. Hefner). Acknowledgments. Introduction (Charles E. Farhadian). Part I: AFRICA. 1: Middle Eastern & North African Christianity: Persisting in the Lands of Islam (Heather Sharkey). 2: Christian Belongings in East Africa: Flocking to the Churches (Ben Knighton). 3: West African Christianity: Padres, Prophets, Pastors, and Pentecostals (Ogbu Kalu). 4: Christianity in Southern Africa: The Aesthetics of Well-Being (Frederick Klaits). Part II: EUROPE. 5: Christianity in Western Europe: Mission Fields, Old and New? (Simon Coleman). 6: Christianity in Eastern Europe: A Story of Pain, Glory, Persecution, and Freedom (Peter Kuzmic). Part III: ASIA. 7: Christianity in South Asia: Negotiating Religious Pluralism (Arun Jones). 8: Christianity in Southeast Asia: Similarity and Difference in a Culturally Diverse Region (Barbara Watson Andaya). 9: Christianity in East Asia: Evangelicalism and the March First Independence Movement in Korea (Timothy S. Lee). Part IV: AMERICAS. 10: Christianity in North America: Changes and Challenges in a Land of Promise (Kevin J. Christiano). 11: Central America and the Caribbean: Christianity on the Periphery (Virginia Garrard-Burnett). 12: Christianity in Latin America: Changing Churches in a Changing Continent (Samuel Escobar). 13: Brazilian Charisma: Pentecostalized Christianity in Latin America s Largest Nation (R. Andrew Chesnut). Part V: THE PACIFIC. 14: Christianity in Australia and New Zealand: Faith and Politics in Secular Soil (Marion Maddox). 15: Christianity in Polynesia: Transforming the Islands (Ian Breward). 16: Christianity in Micronesia: The Interplay Between Church and Culture (Francis X. Hezel). 17: Christianity in Melanesia: Transforming the Warrior Spirit (Garry W. Trompf). Conclusion: World Christianity: It's History, Spread, and Social Influence (Robert D. Woodberry).

Poesía

Poesía Niki Herd (bio) And on the Front Page and on the front pageof the newspaper, the corpses of twelve Mexicans lie insideboxes, each packed generic in cardboard, like an appliancewaiting to be delivered brand new—and what of somewoman, any woman with skin the color of dirtwho ain't never had nothing. She stands by a door and is greetedby a box, the lines on her face deep like those back roads heading northwhere a man who could be her son rests on a border patrol stretcherthe balm of vomit and spit on lips a catheter stuck inside his dick.He is young and fine, but the sun is not a friend, it reminds himof his place as it shines on his black hair, and the arrowthrough the heart painted on his arm. [End Page 187] Sestina1 for Abdur-Rahim Jackson There's that certain way you have of talkingthat has always kept a spell over me. Snap—snap your fingers and I am walkinglike a dog, thirsty, tethered to your lead. The song says you make me feel like dancingand I'm going to dance the night away in this here airport, I will pave a waythrough like those that came before me talking yes sirs, yes mams, big eyes and lips dancinginside white pantries. Ain't got to tell me shuffling me, more than once to take your leadwhile my dark cowrie shell skin tries walking straight into the promise land where sidewalksteethe and bleed, lines drawn in sand shift away to percussive beats made by bombs of lead.And the world keeps shouting: peace talks, peace talks. The good book, Koran, somebody's god, mygod, lovely mists of white phosphorus dance over the spectacle of a dancertrying to prove he's no terrorist walk man—wasn't it Hughes that said life for mecertainly ain't been no crystal stairway? Or is an arched black back the gods talkinga poised foot prayer, a reverence led by the same day old song, like the leadingsay—dragging of a man, that hard dancing in Jasper, Texas, what didactic talk [End Page 188] between the body and the road he walked between the neck severing itself awayfrom the head—coming forth to carry me sings byrd while security studies mein the circle of spotlight, a leading role as an audience steers eyes my wayto the staging of a black man dancing in an airport, and bodies walk and walksomewhere, and like dice, brothers shoot talk somewhere away in cities far from methey talk about how their boy childs will lead and dance on the unforgivable walk. [End Page 189] war poem #1 and after the bombson halloween they are childrenpure children not touched by the waysof grown folk they will walk door to dooreat candy and giggle as if strange musicgives voice to the dead [End Page 190] an excerpt from Praise House ii Become a bride in a place that looks like thisthe hardness of wedding stone hovering & guarding symphony & stream. There is beauty in this: how we learn by repetition how we die by repetition. In the high schoolyear book, there was once a girl a girl with lips [End Page 191] extended upward to the moon & scribbled names written in hollowcursive letters said things like most likely to succeed, or stay young & sweet then there were the numbers: [End Page 192] 24: age at time of death 5: number of bullets8: months pregnant 99: the year the prince said we were all going to die [End Page 193] Old folks sayyou can tell much about a man by the way he kills let the choir sing all their namessing glory glory hallelujah. [End Page 194] v Sitting beneath the sun this accordion of fire counting the days eyes saw & could not see & counting the passing of time backwardsby hand one day, one finger at a time & underneath a canopy of rain underneath the sea brown...

Socio-Economic Employment Status of Filipino Migrants in Australia: Implications to Philippine College Education

The study aimed to describe the socio-economic and employment status of Filipino migrants in Australia and its implications to college education. It utilized qualitative descriptive method of research involving 114 Filipino migrants in Australia as selected respondents through purposive sampling technique. The Filipino migrant workers were basically in their prime to meet the challenge of professional life and employment demands of the Australian labor market; they were into every kind of jobs – be it professional type of job or white collar jobs, or plain blue collar work. Computer literacy is one important job requirement in Australia. Those who migrated to Australia had realized their aspiration for a better life in that country. Foreigners who look for jobs in Australia would not encounter problem or difficulty as they are assured of job placements before they leave the country of origin. Australia is the land of promise for most Filipino migrants who migrated to the country in search for better job opportunities. College degree from the Philippines is not a guarantee of a better job in Australia as its standard of quality education starts from the basic education level. Keywords - socio-economic, employment, migrants

Erasmus and the Non-Christian World

Throughout his writings, Erasmus emphasized the necessity of reform within the Latin Christian world in order to protect Christian community better against Schismatics and Turks on the eastern and south-eastern borders and to bring Christianity to the New World, which was in Erasmus’ eyes a Land of Promise. All this places Erasmus in an oppressive dilemma: the defence of Latin Christianity and the mission to the New World could not be realized without the violence of war, which Eramus abhorred but nevertheless justified.

Historic Coastal Morphological Landscape Characterization & Assessment (HCMLC&A) to Understand the Coastal Evolution in the State of Kuwait

The Arabian Gulf has seen a lot of coastal development along its shores since the discovery of oil and rise in oil based economy. Kuwait too, for the last five decades (from 1960s), has seen a tremendous alteration of the coastal morphological landscape (CML) from what existed 50 years ago. The study shows that the physiognomy of the coastal landscape created by geological, geomorphologic, biological factors and coastal process was greatly shaped by oil based development. This tremendous change in coastal edge from natural morphology to build up morphology was brought about due to coastal migration, construction, private and public establishments, landscaping, coastal fronts, man-made beaches, ports, marine facilities for petroleum industries, power stations, distillation plants, coastal defensive structures, beach houses, structures of hospitality, etc. Remarkably it is interesting to note that till 2011 certain zone of coast in Kuwait showed priority in encroaching and occupying more than any other parts. These coastal areas have reached to a saturation level thus tempting and forcing humans to invade the virgin coastal areas which were untouched earlier. These limited natural coastal resource areas in Kuwait hold high significance values. The Master Plan of Kuwait show promising coastal land use but it does not seem to protect significantly the valuable natural CML of Kuwait which is seen in this study. Historic Coastal Morphological Landscape Characterization & Assessment (HCMLC&A) represent a new way of historically characterizing the landscape and understanding the coastal evolution.