Prominent Type Research Articles

Network Pharmacology Reveals Potential Targets and Mechanisms of Luteolin in Treating Small Vessel Vasculitis

Small vessel vasculitis encompasses various inflammations in blood vessels, with IgA vasculitis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis being prominent types. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid found in diverse flora, displays notable anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its therapeutic potential for inflammatory conditions. The study aims to scrutinize the plausible mechanism by which luteolin functions as a remedial entity for small vessel vasculitis. The study employed network pharmacology methods to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanisms of luteolin for small vessel vasculitis. Luteolin target genes were obtained from online databases, and disease-related target genes were collected from multiple sources. Our exploration into these foundational mechanisms involved protein-protein interaction networks, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. The study identified 24 shared target genes between luteolin and small vessel vasculitis. The protein-protein interaction analysis highlighted key targets such as Protein kinase B alpha and Matrix metallopeptidase 9. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment unveiled participation in signaling pathways, including Tumor necrosis factor signaling, Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, and Interleukin 17 signaling. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated stable binding between luteolin and Protein kinase B alpha, Matrix metallopeptidase 9, indicating potential therapeutic interactions. Luteolin may exhibits potential therapeutic effects for Small vessel vasculitis by interacting with Protein kinase B alpha and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 and involvement in Tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway, Platelet activation, Interleukin 17 signaling pathway.

Identification and relative abundance of naturally presented and cross-reactive influenza A virus MHC class I-restricted T cell epitopes

ABSTRACT Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are key for controlling viral infection. Unravelling CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity to distinct influenza virus strains and subtypes across prominent HLA types is relevant for combating seasonal infections and emerging new variants. Using an immunopeptidomics approach, naturally presented influenza A virus-derived ligands restricted to HLA-A*24:02, HLA-A*68:01, HLA-B*07:02, and HLA-B*51:01 molecules were identified. Functional characterization revealed multifunctional memory CD8+ T cell responses for nine out of sixteen peptides. Peptide presentation kinetics was optimal around 12 h post infection and presentation of immunodominant epitopes shortly after infection was not always persistent. Assessment of immunogenic epitopes revealed that they are highly conserved across the major zoonotic reservoirs and may contain a single substitution in the vicinity of the anchor residues. These findings demonstrate how the identified epitopes promote T cell pools, possibly cross-protective in individuals and can be potential targets for vaccination.

Novel diagnostic biomarkers of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, immune infiltration characteristics and experimental validation in ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a prominent type of cerebrovascular disease leading to death and disability in an aging society and is closely related to oxidative stress. Gene expression profiling (GSE222551) was derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and 1934 oxidative stress (OS) genes were obtained from the GeneCards database. Subsequently, we identified 149 differentially expressed genes related to OS (DEOSGs). Finally, PTGS2, FOS, and RYR1 were identified as diagnostic markers of IS. Moreover, GSE16561 was used to validate the DEOSGs. Two diagnostic genes (PTGS2 and FOS) were significantly highly expressed, while RYR1 was significantly lowly expressed in the IS group. Remarkably, immune infiltration characteristics of these three genes were analyzed, and we found that PTGS2, FOS, and RYR1 were mainly correlated with Mast cells activated, Neutrophils, and Plasma cells, respectively. Next, we intersected three DEOSGs with the ferroptosis gene set, the findings revealed that only PTGS2 was a differentially expressed gene of ferroptosis. High PTGS2 expression levels in the infarcted cortex of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats were confirmed by immunofluorescence (IF), western blotting (WB), and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Inhibition of PTGS2 clearly improved the neurological outcome of rats by decreasing infarct volume, neurological problems, and modified neurological severity scores following IS compared with the controls. The protective effect of silencing PTGS2 may be related to anti-oxidative stress and ferroptosis. In conclusion, this work may provide a new perspective for the research of IS, and further research based on PTGS2 may be a breakthrough.

Gaussian process model based restoration of damaged Buddha statue head

Buddha statues are distributed worldwide, and each piece reflects the aesthetic fashion of a particular region and historical era. Therefore, these sculptures have important cultural, aesthetic, and historical value. Owing to natural or artificial destruction, several Buddha statues have been damaged, with head or facial damage being the most prominent damage type. Because Buddha statue heads exhibit intricate variations in facial expressions and proportions, restoring head or facial damage is the most challenging aspect of damaged sculpture restoration projects. This study provides a new method for the restoration of damaged statues based on a Gaussian process model. The Gaussian process model entails a type of statistical shape modeling that allows it to learn shape distribution properties from a training dataset. During the restoration process, we used the residual parts of the damaged shape for the observations and added them to a Bayesian inference system to obtain the possible restoration result in the form of a posterior distribution. Therefore, the proposed method can be regarded as a quantitative mathematical representation of the subjective deduction process. Compared to those of the traditional manual restoration method, our results were more repeatable and stable, and the restoration process was automatic and rigorous, which reduced the requirements for professional knowledge and experience. Based on the learned model information, the proposed method exhibits strong robustness and anti-noise properties. In contrast to the optimization method, our final restoration result is a probability distribution, applicable to the repair of cultural relics. As our method make the missing shape inference using residual shape information and the regularity learned from training dataset, it is suitable for the restoration of damaged parts with no direct shape evidence. Finally, our model is generative; in other words, we can generate shapes on the posterior distribution and provide the corresponding probability. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, a series of experiments were conducted to restore damaged parts under different parameters and damage type settings. Subsequently, a quantitative analysis was performed. Finally, we applied this method to the virtual restoration of a damaged Buddha statue head in Xi 'an Museum.

Deep RNA sequencing of muscle tissue reveals absence of viral signatures in dermatomyositis.

Objective: To explore a possible connection between active viral infections and manifestation of dermatomyositis (DM). Methods: Skeletal muscle biopsies were analyzed from patients diagnosed with juvenile (n=10) and adult (n=12) DM. Adult DM patients harbored autoantibodies against either TIF-1γ (n=7) or MDA5 (n=5). Additionally, we investigated skeletal muscle biopsies from non-diseased controls (NDC, n=5). We used an unbiased high-throughput RNA sequencing (HTS) approach to detect viral sequences. To further increase sequencing depth, a host depletion approach was applied. Results: In this observational study, no relevant viral sequences were detected either by native sequencing or after host depletion. The absence of detectable viral sequences makes an active viral infection of the muscle tissue unlikely to be the cause of DM in our cohorts. Discussion: Type I interferons (IFN) play a major role in the pathogenesis of both juvenile and adult DM. The IFN response is remarkably conserved between DM subtypes classified by specific autoantibodies. Certain acute viral infections are accompanied by a prominent type I IFN response involving similar downstream mechanisms as in DM. Aiming to elucidate the pathogenesis of DM in skeletal muscle tissue, we used deep RNA sequencing and a host depletion approach to detect possible causative viruses.

Oesophageal Cancer In Sub-Saharan Africa: The Lagos Experience

Background Esophageal cancer is the eight most common cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with a five year survival rate of <25%. It is very common in regions of the Asian belt and South Africa. Esophageal cancer is a relatively uncommon malignancy in our environment compared to breast, prostate and colon cancers but it is highly lethal. Its incidence and mortality rate are almost at par in most developing countries. The two prominent histological types are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The study highlights the epidemiologic pattern, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes at Lagos University Teaching Hospital; Lagos, Nigeria Methodology Data obtained from clinical and operating theatre records of patients with esophageal cancer who presented between January 2014 and June 2021. Data extracted included demography; clinical presentation, radiologic and histological diagnosis, modalities of treatment and outcome. Results There were 25 patients (18 males, 7 females) with a mean age of 63.04±14.052 years. Dysphagia and weight loss were the commonest symptoms. Squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 76%.. Sixty percent of the tumors were located in the middle third of the esophagus whilst the rest occurred in the lower third and cardia. Majority (92%) of the patients present with stage 4 disease. Management was mostly palliative and esophageal resection possible only in 12% of cases. Conclusion: oesophageal cancer remains a relatively uncommon but lethal disease. Late presentation is a major challenge in our country with a dismal prognosis. Steps to improve outcome should be encouraged by policy makers

The Discourse of Collaboration in Instructional Design

We examined collaboration via the discourse of Instructional Designers (IDs) actively engaged in co-design. Discourse is language-in-use within a specific community as opposed to abstract notions of how words might fall together by more general rules of grammar and semantics. An analysis of discourse in a community of practice is a direct observation of the meaning-making process employed by members of that community. We collected and analyzed five audio recordings from Collaborative Project Meetings (CPM) among teams of IDs and clients to determine the types of design expertise that comprised the discourse of collaboration. Several findings from this study shed light on how instructional design benefits from collaborative strategies such as co-design. The content analysis revealed that the most prominent type of design discourse used by IDs was problem-solving, followed closely by discourse surrounding tools, and user experience; however other dynamics, such as gender balance and the presence of multiple instructional designers correlated with differences in instructional solutions.
 

The role of informal support systems during illness: A qualitative study of solo self-employed workers in Ontario, Canada.

Today's labor market has changed over time, shifting from mostly full-time, secure, and standard employment relationships to mostly entrepreneurial and precarious working arrangements. In this context, self-employment (SE), a prominent type of precarious work, has been growing rapidly due to globalization, automation, technological advances, and the rise of the 'gig' economy, among other factors. Employment precarity profoundly impacts workers' health and well-being by undermining the comprehensiveness of social security systems, including occupational health and safety systems. This study examined how self-employed (SE'd) workers sought out support from informal support systems following illness, injury, and income reduction or loss. Based on in-depth interviews with 24 solo SE'd people in Ontario, Canada, narrative analysis was conducted of participants' experiences with available informal supports following illness or injury. We identified three main ways that SE'd workers managed to sustain their businesses during periods of need: (i) by relying on savings; (ii) accessing loans and financial support through social networks, and (iii) receiving emotional and practical support. We conclude that SE'd workers managed to survive despite social security system coverage gaps by drawing on informal support systems.

Stereoselective reduction of diarylmethanones via a ketoreductase@metal-organic framework.

Mainly owing to their well-defined pore structures and high surface areas, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently become a versatile class of materials for enzyme immobilization. Nevertheless, most previous studies were focused on model enzymes such as cytochrome c, catalase, and glucose oxidase, with the application of MOF-derived biocomposites for (asymmetric) organic synthesis being rare. In the present work, the immobilization of the ketoreductase KmCR2 onto the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), a prominent type of MOF, was pursued using the controlled co-precipitation strategy, with a low 2-methylimidazole (2-mIM)/Zn molar ratio of 8 : 1 being employed. Such fabricated biocomposites denoted as KmCR2@ZIF were found to exist mainly in an amorphous phase, as suggested by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data. Improved thermal and storage stabilities were observed for KmCR2@ZIF compared with the free enzyme. Stereoselective reduction of nine diarylmethanones 1 catalyzed by KmCR2@ZIF was performed, and the corresponding enantioenriched diarylmethanols 2 were afforded in 40-92% conversions with good to excellent optical purities (up to >99% ee). Critically, the current work demonstrated that the unique characteristic of KmCR2, namely the substituent position-controlled stereospecificity (meta versus para or ortho), was not altered upon the enzyme immobilization onto the ZIF.

Unnatural lipids for simultaneous mRNA delivery and metabolic cell labeling.

Lipids have demonstrated tremendous promise for mRNA delivery, as evidenced by the success of Covid-19 mRNA vaccines. However, existing lipids are mostly used as delivery vehicles and lack the ability to monitor and further modulate the target cells. Here, for the first time, we report a class of unnatural lipids (azido-DOTAP) that can efficiently deliver mRNAs into cells and meanwhile metabolically label cells with unique chemical tags (e.g., azido groups). The azido tags expressed on the cell membrane enable the monitoring of transfected cells, and can mediate subsequent conjugation of cargos via efficient click chemistry for further modulation of transfected cells. We further demonstrate that the dual-functional unnatural lipid is applicable to different types of cells including dendritic cells, the prominent type of antigen presenting cells, potentially opening a new avenue to developing enhanced mRNA vaccines.

The influence of viscose fibre properties on the absorbency of feminine hygiene tampons: the pivotal role of cross-sectional geometry

Feminine hygiene products, used by millions of women worldwide on a daily basis, come in various forms. Among them, tampons are a prominent type that aims to absorb menstrual blood directly in the vagina. However, the underlying mechanisms governing liquid absorption in tampons have received limited research attention and remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate these mechanisms by examining the two main types of viscose fibres used in tampons and their effects when employed in tampon production. The sole distinction between the fibre types lies in their geometric shape—round or trilobal—while all other fibre parameters remain constant. To explore these mechanisms, tampon proxies made from these fibres were created and subjected to tests measuring liquid absorption. In addition, a novel method employing infrared thermography was utilized to infer the stored energy within the compressed tampon. Furthermore, individual fibres were characterised for chemical composition, surface properties, fine structure, liquid interaction, mechanical parameters, and friction behaviour. The results revealed that trilobal fibres exhibited higher tampon absorbency compared to their round counterparts, despite sharing similar chemical composition and comparable mechanical characteristics. This disparity can be attributed to the greater specific surface area of trilobal fibres, leading to enhanced liquid uptake through fibre swelling. However, single fibre swelling only accounted for a minor fraction of the total liquid absorbency of a tampon. The most influential fibre parameter was the geometric shape, as trilobal fibres facilitated the construction and maintenance of a bulkier network with increased available volume for liquid absorption.Graphic abstract

Comparative Analysis of Oil Content in Dura and Tenera Palm Fruit Varieties

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a vital crop in global agriculture, known for its high oil production. Among the oil palm varieties, Dura and Tenera stand out as the most prominent fruit types. Despite the economic significance of the oil palm, there has been limited research aimed at thoroughly examining the components of oil content between Dura and Tenera fruits. It is crucial to comprehend how these fruit types affect oil content, particularly in terms of the percentage of oil to bunch (OTB%), percentage of oil to fruit (OTF%), and percentage of oil to dry mesocarp (%OTDM), as this knowledge is crucial in determining the quality of oil palm cultivation and ensuring sustainable oil production. This study seeks to bridge the existing knowledge gap by investigating the influence of different fruit types, Dura and Tenera, on %OTF, %OTB, and %OTDM. We have gathered a dataset of %OTF, %OTB, and %OTDM from oil palm plantations representing both Dura and Tenera fruit types. Our analysis reveals substantial differences in the percentages of %OTF, %OTB, and %OTDM between Dura and Tenera oil palm fruit types. Particularly noteworthy is the significant variation in the oil-to-fruit percentage, underscoring a marked distinction between Tenera and Dura palms, characterized by a p-value of 0.00 and a robust t-value of 11.56 by using the statistical examination. This finding aligns with the industry's perception of Tenera as a superior cultivar for oil yield, supported by its significantly higher oil accumulation within individual fruits.

Visionary Leadership in Modern Organizations: Exploring Charismatic and Transformational Approaches

In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, effective leadership is essential for organizations to thrive. This essay delves into the concept of visionary leadership, highlighting its significance in guiding companies toward sustainable success. The discussion canters on two prominent types of visionary leadership: charismatic leadership and transformational leadership. Charismatic leaders inspire trust and respect through dynamic qualities, while transformational leaders foster growth by nurturing learning, shared ideals, and individualized consideration. Through examples and insights, this essay explores how these visionary leadership styles drive innovation, employee creativity, and organizational performance. Moreover, the impact of cultural and ethical considerations is examined, shedding light on the delicate balance between visionary leadership and ethical conduct. The essay underscores the applicability of these leadership styles, particularly within the context of Australia, while also acknowledging potential challenges and opportunities for future development.

A biosignal quality assessment framework for high-density sEMG decomposition

Surface electromyography (sEMG) signal is superimposed by hundreds of motor unit (MU) discharge waveforms during muscle contraction. With the development of high-density sEMG (HD-sEMG) acquisition techniques, exploring the motoneuron discharge events, which is called sEMG decomposition, has shown advantages over traditional analysis. However, experimentally recorded HD-sEMG signals are nonetheless inevitably contaminated by several kinds of noise, including baseline noise (BLN), electrocardiogram interference (ECI), powerline noise (PLN), and white Gaussian noise (WGN). These noises directly degrade the signal quality and affect the performance of decomposition, but the effect of noise type on the performance of sEMG decomposition remains to be determined. To evaluate the impact of noise, this paper presents a biosignal quality assessment framework for HD-sEMG decomposition. Firstly, the four most prominent types of noise were analyzed via simulation modeling and experimental verification. The results showed that WGN was the dominant noise factor influencing sEMG decomposition, while the other types of noise had no significant influence. Secondly, a signal-to-white Gaussian noise ratio (SWGR) estimation method based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was proposed, and SWGR was further used as a metric to evaluate the biosignal quality for HD-sEMG decomposition. The experimental results indicated that SWGR accurately (R2≥0.72 for decomposed MU number) reflected the performance of the sEMG decomposition. The outcomes provide guidance for the preprocessing of HD-sEMG with regard to decomposing MU discharge, potentially paving the way for a non-invasive neural interface.

Miracle or Mirage? A Measurement Study of NFT Rug Pulls

NFT rug pull is one of the most prominent type of NFT scam, whose definition is that the developers of an NFT project abandon it and run away with investors' funds. Although they have drawn attention from our community, to the best of our knowledge, the NFT rug pulls have not been systematically measured. To fill the void, this paper presents the first in-depth measurement study of NFT rug pulls. Specifically, we first compile a list of 253 known NFT rug pulls as our initial confirmed rug pulls (i.e., ground truth), based on which we perform a pilot study, highlighting the key symptoms of NFT rug pulls. Then, we design an effective rule-based detector to measure the prevalence of NFT rug pulls in the ecosystem. We have labelled 7,487 happened NFT rug pull projects which were not revealed by our community. To eliminate the potential damage brought by rug pull scams, we take a step further towards designing a real-time prediction model to proactively identify the potential rug pull projects in an early stage ahead of the scam happens. We have implemented a prototype system, and deployed it in the real-world setting for over 6 months. Our system has raised alarms for 5,557 new NFT projects by the time of this writing, which works as a whistle blower that pinpoints rug pull scams timely, thus mitigating the impacts.

Abstract LB_A02: Predicting breast cancer patients’ response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy from the deconvolved transcriptome of different cell types in the tumor microenvironment

Abstract Introduction: The tumor microenvironment (TME) constitutes a multifaceted ecosystem that influences tumor growth and clinical response via dynamic interactions between diverse cell types. Considerable attention has been devoted in recent years in exploring the TME’s impact on clinical response following immunotherapy, warranting further investigation into its impact in the context of chemotherapy. To address this, we present a novel computational framework called DECODEM (DEcoupling Cell-type-specific Outcomes using DEconvolution and Machine learning). Through DECODEM, we investigate the association of cell-type-specific transcriptomic profiles within the TME with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC). Methods: DECODEM leverages cellular deconvolution of bulk transcriptomics data to extract cell-type-specific transcriptomics profiles for different cell types present in the TME, and further utilizes machine learning to build cell-type-specific predictors of clinical response. Using DECODEM, we analyzed the bulk transcriptomics data across three publicly available cohorts of HER2-negative BC patients who underwent NAC. We compared the predictive powers of these cell types, both individually and in concert with each other, against a state-of-the-art predictor employing clinical and transcriptomic features. We then validated our findings in a single-cell chemotherapy cohort of triple-negative breast cancer. Furthermore, we extended DECODEM to DECODEMi that can incorporate the cell-cell interactions (CCIs) among the prominent cell types to predict clinical response, hinting at the underlying mechanism at play. Results: Our analysis revealed that the diverse cell types within the TME significantly contribute to the prediction of chemotherapy response in HER2-negative BC, thus extending beyond the impact of malignant tumor cells alone. Notably, our key findings are: 1. We demonstrated the superior predictive powers of immune cells (myeloid, plasmablasts, B-cells) and stromal cells (endothelial, normal epithelial, cancer-associated fibroblasts), as compared to the bulk mixture and the state-of-the-art predictor. 2. We illustrated the complementary impacts of the prominent cell types via building highly accurate multi-cell-ensembles, where, remarkably, a three-cell-ensemble of endothelial, myeloid, and plasmablasts displayed the best predictive capability across cohorts. 3. We displayed that DECODEMi can capture the regulatory roles of CCIs and identified new CCIs likely to mediate chemotherapy response in HER2-negative BC. Conclusion: We provide an unprecedented computational approach to objectively delineate the cell-type-specific impacts of the TME in clinical response. Our analysis provides comprehensive insights into the intricate interplay of the cells in TME and their associations with chemotherapy response in HER2-negative BC, contributing to a deeper understanding of BC treatment efficacy. Citation Format: Saugato Rahman Dhruba, Sahil Sahni, Binbin Wang, Di Wu, Yael Schmidt, Eldad Shulman, Sanju Sinha, Stephen-John Sammut, Carlos Caldas, Kun Wang, Eytan Ruppin. Predicting breast cancer patients’ response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy from the deconvolved transcriptome of different cell types in the tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr LB_A02.

Assessment of municipal solid waste from households in Khulna city of Bangladesh

Waste management is a major concern for both developed and developing countries, with a particular focus on household waste because it makes up a significant proportion of municipal waste. The aim of this study is to assess the state of solid waste management practice in Khulna, as well as to characterize and quantify municipal solid waste as a step toward effective management. To collect information on the existing waste management methods, structured questionnaires were used to conduct surveys of household residents. In this study, whole wards (31 wards) of Khulna City Corporation (KCC) were clustered in 9 groups and selected one ward from each group. To analyze household waste, 75 households from each ward were selected and collected waste for 7 days. The selected household was categorized into five different socioeconomic strata such as low-income, lower-middle-income, middle-income, higher-middle-income and higher-income families. Besides, the assessment was carried out on the production and characterization of household waste that was produced in KCC. The waste samples were quantified, separated and characterized in the laboratory. Results reveal that biodegradable waste is the most prominent type and its percentage is about 81 %. The amount of waste production is positively correlated with income level. The waste generation rate of households for high-income families was 0.652 kg/cap/day while this rate got almost half for a low-income family and its value is o.312 kg/cap/day. Source separation of waste plays a vital role to reduce plastic leakage to the SDP. The result shows the proportion of plastic in mixed waste and source-separated waste after sorting by the waste collector was 4.04 % and 2.99 %, respectively. Survey results show that 42.96 % of respondents think that the source-separated waste should be collected during the period of 12pm to 02pm. A proposed management process was developed for household waste based on the output of this study.

A framework for identifying the distribution of revitalization potential of idle rural residential land under rural revitalization

Idle rural residential land (IRRL) serves as a crucial resource for rural land utilization. Evaluating its potential for revitalization forms the foundational research in rural land consolidation. In the context of rural revitalization, quantitatively determining the potential to revitalize IRRL is a fundamental scientific investigation, requiring focus within the field of rural land sustainability research. In our study, we have developed a framework for identifying IRRL revitalization potential under rural revitalization, combining with the village development environment and self-characteristics of IRRL, and have proposed a classification method of IRRL revitalization types. Our results found a spatial mismatch between the IRRL revitalization potential and the external conditions of consolidation potential release. Compared with the IRRL consolidation potential based on spatial characteristics, the vitality of rural revitalization in Pinggu is small, which is manifested as low vitality of rural revitalization and surplus revitalization potential. Under rural revitalization, the IRRL revitalization potential in Pinggu is low. In the central agricultural and eastern semi-mountainous regions, IRRL plays a pivotal role in land reutilization within the context of rural revitalization. Moderate revitalization is the dominant revitalization type. The revitalization of IRRL in the central agricultural and eastern semi-mountainous regions plays a pivotal role in the reuse of residential land within rural revitalization. The prominent revitalization type is characterized as moderate revitalization. Considering the diversity of rural revitalization in Pinggu, the revitalization of IRRL should prioritize meeting a range of land usage needs within the rural revitalization context. Furthermore, it should capitalize on surplus potential through strategies like spatial transfer or retaining idle IRRL. Our research aims to foster a fresh perspective on the potential for revitalizing IRRL within the rural revitalization framework, emphasizing rural regional systems. This, in turn, can facilitate the harmonization of IRRL utilization with rural development, offering theoretical underpinning for human-land coordination and sustainable rural development in developing nations.

Phenomenal Insight into Electrochemically Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Nitrobenzene on Variant Au-Modified TiO2 Nanotubes

TiO2 nanotubes are a prominent type of TiO2-based nanostructure compared to nanorod arrays. A promising way to improve photocatalytic performance is modifying TiO2 nanotubes with metals, either on the surface or inside the tubes. There is a substantial demand for enhancing the conductivity and charge separation of TiO2 nanotubes, with a major focus on gold (Au) modification. Gold (Au) coatings have significantly improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes, particularly in pollutant oxidation. However, the mechanism underlying the action of Au-modified TiO2 nanotubes in photocatalytic nitrobenzene oxidation under electrochemical induction remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted related experiments to explore the optimal Au concentration under various conditions. Under electric field induction, the maximum removal rate achieved was 54.9%. Lastly, we analyzed the relevant photocatalytic mechanism to elucidate the responses of electrons and holes to a simulated contaminant under a photo-electrochemical field.

CTIM-37. A PILOT STUDY OF AXICABTAGENE CILOLEUCEL (AXI-CEL) FOR THE TREATMENT OF RELAPSED/REFRACTORY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA (PCNSL AND SCNSL)

Abstract BACKGROUND Optimal therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CNSL is not defined, and their prognosis is poor. Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy axicabtagene ciloleucel(axi-cel) has demonstrated superior efficacy over standard of care in R/R systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and could be an effective regimen for R/R CNSL. METHODS This is a pilot study of axi-cel in patients with R/R CNSL. Only corticosteroids were allowed for bridging. Patients underwent lymphodepletion with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide followed by standard axi-cel dosing of 2x106 cells/kg infusion. An Ommaya reservoir was placed prior to infusion. The first 6 patients enrolled were observed for treatment-limiting toxicities(TLTs). The study enrolled a total of 17 patients. Primary endpoint was safety, measured by rate of TLTs and grade 3+ adverse events(AEs). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate(ORR), complete response(CR) rate, duration of response(DOR), progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS). Exploratory analyses included paired peripheral blood and CSF analyses for axi-cel pharmacokinetics, cytokine levels, flow cytometry, single-cell RNA-Seq and circulating tumor-DNA. RESULTS We report the results of all 17 patients(13 PCNSL, 4 SCNSL) enrolled. Median age was 64 years (34-80), 8/17 were women. As of 6/2023, 14 treated patients had >1 month follow-up, with 86%(12/14) ORR and 64%(9/14) CR. Six patients progressed. No TLTs were observed; 15/16(94%) patients developed cytokine release syndrome/CRS (grade 3+, 0%), 8/16(50%) developed immune effector cell-associated neurologic syndrome/ICANS, (grade 3+, 5/16(31%)). PFS, OS, DOR and correlatives will be reported at the meeting. Daily examination of CAR T-cells in blood and CSF by scRNA-Seq revealed evolution of a prominent Type I interferon (IFN) transcriptomic signature of CAR-Ts in the CSF. CONCLUSION Axi-cel is safe and well-tolerated in CNSL patients with promising efficacy and no apparent additional risk of adverse neurologic events including ICANS. IFN pathway may play a major role in CAR-T efficacy in CNSL.