Prominent Influence Research Articles

A Thermal Analysis of LASER Beam Welding Using Statistical Approaches

Implementing input parameters that match the experimental weld shape is challenging in LASER beam welding (LBW) simulation because the computed heat input and spot for temperature acquisition strongly affect the outcomes. Therefore, this study focuses on investigating the autogenous LBW of AISI 1020 using a three-dimensional heat transfer model that assumes a modified Gaussian heat flux distribution depending on LASER power (Qw), radius (R), and penetration (hp). The influence of such variables on the simulated weld bead was assessed through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA returns reliable results as long as the data is normally distributed. The input radius exerts the most prominent influence. Taguchi’s design defined the studied data reducing about 65% of the simulations compared to a full factorial design. The optimum values to match the computed outcomes to lab-controlled experiments were 2400 W for power (80% efficiency), 0.50 mm for radius, and 1.64 mm for penetration. Moreover, the experimental errors regarding thermocouples positioning were corrected using linear interpolation. A parallel computing algorithm to obtain the temperature field reduces computational costs and may be applied in real-world scenarios to determine parameters that achieve the expected joint quality. The proposed methodology could reduce the required time to optimize a welding process, saving development and experimental costs.

Does the comorbidity of borderline personality disorder affect the response to treatment in bipolar patients?

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly prevalent condition whose response to pharmacological treatment is associated with a number of factors including psychiatric comorbidity. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) shares clinical symptoms and biological vulnerability with BD and the two conditions are frequently comorbid, thus representing a clinical challenge. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the data related to treatment response in bipolar patients with comorbid BPD. According to systematic review process, a literature search was performed on the PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, Isi Web of Knowledge, Medscape, and Cochrane Library databases. Peer-reviewed articles until December 2022 were eligible for inclusion. Comorbidity with BPD seems to be associated with a more difficult clinical stabilization in bipolar patients, often requiring poly-therapy or a longer duration of hospitalization. However, three studies, assessing the effectiveness of mood stabilizers in bipolar patients, did not demonstrate a prominent influence of BPD comorbidity in achieving clinical response. The most frequently administered pharmacological treatments in the selected studies include mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics. The presence of comorbid BPD in bipolar patients may hamper treatment effectiveness. Future studies, comparing different treatments and with larger samples, are needed to confirm the results critically summarized in the present review.

Nursing in deathworlds: Necropolitics of the life, dying and death of an unhoused person in the United States healthcare industrial complex.

This paper begins with the lived accounts of emergency and critical care medical interventions in which an unhoused person is brought to the emergency department in cardiac arrest. The case is a dramatised representation of the extent to which biopolitical forces via reduction to bare life through biopolitical and necropolitical operations are prominent influences in nursing and medical care. This paper draws on the scholarship of Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, and Achille Mbembe to offer a theoretical analysis of the power dynamics that influence the health care and death care of patients who are caught in the auspices of a neoliberal capitalist healthcare apparatus. This paper offers analysis of the overt displays of biopower over those individuals cast aside as generally unworthy of access to healthcare in a postcolonial capitalist system, in addition to the ways in which humans are reduced to 'bare life' in their dying days. We analyse this case study through Agamben's description of thanatopolitics, a 'regime of death', and the technologies that accompany the dying process, particularly in that of the homo sacer. Additionally, this paper illustrates the ways in which necropolitics and biopower are integral to understanding how the most advanced and expensive medical interventions make visible the political values of the healthcare system and how nurses and healthcare functions in these deathworlds. The purpose of this paper is to develop a greater understanding of biopolitical and necropolitical operations in acute and critical care environments, and to offer guidance to nurses in these spaces as they work to uphold ethical duties in a system that increasingly dehumanises.

Assessing the interrelation between NDVI and climate dependent variables by using granger causality test and vector auto-regressive neural network model

Changes in ecosystem structure and function can be revealed by examining the prevailing patterns in vegetation growth and the forces that shape those patterns. The mechanism of ecosystem behaviour may be better understood if the trend of vegetation change and its sensitivity to climatic variation are well understood. The interaction of vegetation and climatic factors (it's driving variables) is non-linear in behaviour and affected by time lag and time accumulation. Jharkhand has a typical plateau in eastern India, having a mixed climate (arid and semi-arid), taken as the study area, and the spatiotemporal distributions of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were explored with interaction driving factors. This study investigated the time-lag and time-accumulation effects of the NDVI response to climate factors Evapotranspiration (ET), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Potential Evapotranspiration (PET), Precipitation (PREC), and Soil Moisture (SM) and identified the primary controlling factors that affect the vegetation dynamics. The observations indicate that the correlation between NDVI and summer LST (- 0.838) was discovered to be greater than the correlation of NDVI with SM (r = 0.90) and PREC (r = 0.751), showing NDVI as more sensitive to LST when comparing to SM, and PREC, while PET exhibits the significant positive correlation (r = −0.751) with the NDVI in autumn during the studied duration. Higher NDVI values were seen during the monsoon (0.54 ± 0.12), which is correlated with a decrease in the monsoon LST (25.8 ± 0.20), followed by the winter (0.47 ± 0.13), summer (0.33 ± 0.18), and fall (0.37 ± 0.04). Vegetation growth is influenced by both the time-lag and time-accumulation effects of temperature and the time-accumulation impact of precipitation. Regarding the climate-vegetation response mechanism, the application of the Granger Causality (GC) Test and GC-based Vector Auto-Regressive Neural Network (VARNN) Model test reveals that the 0–2 month optimum time lag effect is prevalent in the study area. In addition, the LST and SM have a more prominent stimulating influence on plant growth in the study region than precipitation. The above findings highlight the need to effectively monitor vegetation dynamics under environmental changes by considering the temporal impacts of vegetation response to climate when the current climate models research vegetation-climate interactions.

Ultrasonography-assisted assessment of the influence of the volar prominence of the plate on the median nerve in distal radius fractures

ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the effect of differing volar locking plate (VLP) prominence on the median nerve (MN) in distal radius fracture (DRF) with ultrasound assistance to guide clinical treatment. MethodsForty-four patients who received VLP for DRF at our department were admitted and followed-up between January 2019 and May 2021. Different plate positions were graded using Soong classification; 13 were Grade 0, 18 were Grade 1, and 13 were Grade 2. The MN parameters at different wrist positions in patients with different Soong grades were measured with ultrasound assistance, including the median nerve cross-sectional area (MNCSA), diameter in the radial–ulnar direction (D1), and diameter in the dorsal–palmar direction (D2). The sensation in the affected finger and grip strength were collected at follow-up, scored using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scale to determine function, and statistically analysed. ResultsThe MNCSA differed significantly across Soong grades. The MNCSA at the flexed, neutral, and extended wrist positions was smallest at Grade 0 and largest at Grade 2 (P < 0.05), and that at the neutral position was not significantly different between Grades 1 and 2 (P > 0.05). There was no significant interaction between the wrist positions and Soong grade (P > 0.05). The differences in D1 and D2 among different Soong grades were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There were no statistical differences in grip strength, DASH, and sensation among different Soong grades (P > 0.05). ConclusionsDiffering plate protrusions in DRF treatment did not cause clinical symptoms during follow-up; however, excessive plate protrusion (Soong Grade 2) increased the cross-sectional area of the MN. We recommend placing the plate as proximal as possible during VLP treatment of DRFs to avoid excessive bulges affecting the MN.

A pathway to sustainable development: Digitization and green productivity

Green productivity plays an important role in sustainable development, social energy conservation, and emission reduction targets. To investigate the impact of digital development on green total factor productivity, this research employs panel data of China's Yangtze River Delta from 2002 to 2020. First, this paper presents the super SBM method with unexpected output to comprehensively and systematically calculate the green total factor productivity (GTFP) index. Second, we use the partial linear function coefficient (PLFC) model, which can distinguish spatial-temporal heterogeneity, analyze how digital development improves GTFP, and evaluate the effect of human capital (HC) and industrial structure upgrading (IS) in this relationship. In addition, we conduct a comparative study between this delta region and other regions in China. The results of this paper are as follows. (1) Digitization has a significant and positive influence on GTFP for all samples. (2) HC and IS affect the role of digital development in promoting GTFP of cities in the Yangtze River Delta, but their impact is not significant in the three northeastern provinces. (3) The stimulation effect shows significant temporal and spatial heterogeneity under the influence of HC and IS. Provincial capitals and economically developed cities have the most prominent stimulating influence. Lastly, based on the non-parametric relevance between digital development and GTFP, this paper gives constructive and practical policy suggestions to improve GTFP and promote green economic development.

Influence of the corner radii on the flow characteristics of three square-like cylinders in an equilateral-triangular arrangement using IB-LBM

A two-dimensional momentum exchange-based immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) is used to scrutinize the influence of the corner radii on the characteristics of laminar flow around square-like cylinders arranged in an equilateral-triangular configuration, with each cylinder represented by 300 discrete elements. Numerical simulations were carried out in Newtonian flow with viscous, incompressible, and constant properties, by simultaneously changing the corner ratio λ from 0.0 (square) to 1.0 (circular), Reynolds number Re from 40 to 160, and gap ratio δ from 0.5 to 5.0. The wake flow patterns, force coefficients, and Strouhal number St were calculated and discussed. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that the corner ratio, Re, and gap ratio have a prominent influence on the flow characteristics. The wake flow patterns in the λ-Re plane can be divided into steady-state, flip-flopping, anti-phase, and in-phase modes for δ = 3.0. The drag Cd and lift Cl coefficients exhibit a decreasing trend with increasing corner radius except for Clc1; as δ is increased, the Cl of all three cylinders for λ ranging from 0 to 1.0 gradually approached zero. The St of the steady state flow pattern is significantly lower than that of other flow states, the relationship between St and λ is complex and irregular; as δ increases, the St and λ show a positive correlation.

Adolescent and parental decision-making for the MenACWY vaccination: influential predictors and parental-adolescent differences among households in the Netherlands

BackgroundBetween 2015 and 2018 The Netherlands experienced increases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) serogroup W (MenW). Therefore in 2018 the MenACWY vaccination was introduced in the National Immunisation Programme (NIP) and a catch-up campaign was initiated targeting adolescents.This study aimed to gain insight into what factors played a role in the decision-making process regarding the MenACWY vaccination. The focus was on the differences in the decision-making of parents and adolescents in order to assess what factors influence the decisions made.MethodsAn online questionnaire was offered to adolescents and one of their parents. We used random forest analyses to determine which factors best predict the outcome of the MenACWY vaccination decision. We carried out ROC (receiver-operator characteristics) analyses to confirm the predictive value of the variables.ResultsAmong parents several factors stand out, centring on the process of the decision, their attitude about the MenACWY vaccination, trust in the vaccination, and ideas of important people around them. Among adolescents the three stand-out predictors are the ideas of important people around them, the process of the decision and trust in the vaccination.Parents have prominent influence in the decision-making, while the adolescent’s influence in the household decision-making is more limited. Adolescents tend to be less engaged and spend less time thinking about the decision compared to parents. Opinions of parents and adolescents from the same households concerning the factors that are influential do not differ a lot in the final decision-making.ConclusionsInformation about MenACWY vaccination might be mainly addressed to the parents of the adolescents and whereby the dialogue about MenACWY vaccination between parents and adolescents will be stimulated. With regard to the predictor trust in vaccination, raising the frequency of use of certain sources, especially those deemed very reliable among households such as conversations with a GP or the provider of the vaccination (GGD/JGZ), might prove a useful strategy to solidify vaccination uptake numbers.

Investigating tight oil reservoir production performance: Influence of geomechanical parameters and their distribution

Geomechanical properties have a prominent influence on reservoir stresses, which consequently reduce permeability and porosity with pressure depletion. These properties significantly affect the accuracy of reservoir modeling and recovery calculation, but have not been fully studied; therefore, more work is needed. Full field data and laboratory measurements are included in the study. The work involves deriving an equation by combining experimental data for permeability and porosity reduction during a change in stress with the poroelastic stress equation to investigate the impact of Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus on the reduction of permeability and porosity with pressure depletion. Most simulation studies assume constant geomechanical properties across the entire reservoir or for each individual reservoir layer. In this study, three approaches were considered for the Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus in the reservoir model: 1) constant average values assigned to the entire reservoir, 2) constant average values assigned to each layer, and 3) constant values assigned to each grid block. The validity of the model results was checked by history matching with production and pressure data. For the studied tight reservoir, the Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus significantly affected the permeability and porosity reduction with pressure depletion. The impact of Young's modulus was more pronounced than Poisson's ratio. The simulation results for oil rate, cumulative oil production, and water cut for the reservoir and a selected well showed that applying the three suggested geomechanical approaches resulted in a substantial discrepancy in the model outcome. In general, the coupled model with the mapped geomechanical properties resulted in lower oil and water production. This is attributed to the large values of mapped Young's modulus in parts of the reservoir which resulted in large permeability reduction and subsequently lower oil and water production is expected. In contrast lower Young's modulus per layer was obtained due to averaging process. Poisson's ratio effect on fluid production is much less significant due to its small effect on permeability reduction with depletion. Similarly, the adoption of different geomechanical property values for each layer yielded a relatively lower production outcome than when using a constant value for the entire reservoir. The study indicates the importance of considering the detailed description of the reservoir geomechanical properties to obtain reliable simulation results.

Factors Determining Concurrent Reclamation and Abandonment of Cultivated Land on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau has important functions, such as water and soil conservation, wind and sand control, carbon fixation, and biodiversity protection. Agricultural development on the Tibetan Plateau not only maintains local food security but is also related to the important ecological functions in China and Asia. This study analyzed the spatial distribution of reclaimed and abandoned cultivated land in the Yarlung Zangbo–Lhasa–Nyangqu River (YLN) region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2000 to 2020 using high-resolution remote sensing data. Additionally, this study explored the factors influencing spatial distribution patterns using a landscape pattern index and correlation analysis. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, cultivated land reclamation and abandonment coexisted in the YLN region. The total areas of reclaimed and abandoned cultivated land were 558.57 and 196.85 km2, and their growth and abandonment rates were 25.47 and 8.29%, respectively. (2) Apparent regional differences existed in the distribution of reclaimed and abandoned lands. The reclaimed land was concentrated in the northeast and southwest of YLN, whereas abandoned land was scattered, with relatively higher fragmentation than in the former. (3) Climate and location affected the spatial distribution of both land types, with precipitation, aspect, and SOM having less influence and temperature, elevation, slope, traffic conditions, and farming radius having relatively prominent influence. (4) Socioeconomic factors were the main factors driving changes in cultivated land area in the region, wherein grain output and the number of livestock positively impacted reclamation and abandonment, relatively more significantly for reclamation. This study helps to understand the land use changes and their impacts in the YLN region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is of great significance for formulating appropriate sustainable development strategies and land management policies, and ensuring the sustainable development of local ecological environment and cultivated land resources utilization.

Study on the Influencing Factors of Network Group Polarization Events

In the era of non-network communication, group polarization is a minority, mostly confined to one organization and one region. In the era of network communication, group polarization has a more prominent role and influence through the Internet, and its formation involves subjective factors such as herd mentality and objective factors such as social contradictions. Due to the role of new media technology and new communication context, the causes of group polarization in the network show more diversified characteristics of the times. As an IP that won Hugo Award, every step of the film and television road of "The Three-body Problem" has attracted worldwide attention. As the first derivative drama, "The Three-body Problem" animation bears great hope, but it also brings a lot of controversy and doubts. From the perspective of communication, this paper takes the cross-platform text of netizens' criticism of the animated version of "The Three-body Problem" as an example, and comprehensively uses the knowledge of journalism and communication, social psychology, sociology and psychology to study the connotation, types, causes and countermeasures of the phenomenon of network group polarization in contemporary China.

Experimental and numerical investigation on the ultimate strength of multiple-ring-stiffened tube-gusset X-Joints under biaxial compressions

Multiple-ring-stiffened (MRS) tube-gusset (TG) X-Joints have been widely adopted in steel tubular transmission towers for their excellent structural performances. However, no specific design guidance is available yet to determine the ultimate strengths of the joints. Therefore, experimental and numerical investigations are carried out to address this issue. Firstly, a total of thirteen specimens including unstiffened, triple-, and quinary-ring-stiffened joints are tested under static brace loads. Then, finite element models are established, and they are verified against the experimental data. Afterward, the numerical models are used for influencing factor analysis on the geometric configurations. Among the considered joint geometrics, the height of the ring has the most prominent influence on the joint strength, while the influence of the spacing of the rings is negligible. The joint with 160-mm-high ring stiffeners has a strength enhancement of 1600% in comparison with the unstiffened one. It is also concluded that the ultimate strength of the MRS TG X-Joint could be regarded as the strength of the unstiffened joint plus that of the rings, of which the latter accounts for 85% − 95%. This major contribution from the rings means that the failure mechanism of the joint is closely related to them, and that is the formation of plastic hinges at vortexes from bending action. According to this, an analytical model is proposed for the strength of the ring, and thus the formula. Furthermore, the equation for the strength of MRS TG X-Joint is given as the superposition of the formulae for the rings and the unstiffened joint. The accuracy of the equations is confirmed by the results of 455 numerical cases. This study therefore supplements the method to calculate the ultimate strength of MRS TG X-Joint.

THE ROLE OF SOVIET JEWS IN BUILDING THE ISRAELI NUCLEAR ARSENAL (THE DIMONA REACTOR AS A MODEL) NINEVEH EDUCATION DIRECTORATE

The Israeli nuclear file is considered one of the biggest secrets of nuclear life in the world, if (Israel) refuses, since its establishment,to be included in the periodic inspections conducted by the Atomic Energy Agency on nuclear facilities in the world, just as its government refuses to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty signed by the Arab countries. Which makes the Israeli nuclear file (out of coverage). (Israel) possesses a basic nuclear reactor، as it was the first step it took regarding the establishment of a nuclear force in late (1948)AD and early (1949)AD. The most important and most dangerous effective step taken by (Israel) on the road to producing nuclear weapons for nuclear energy in(Israel)was its establishment of(the Dimona reactor.). This reactor was built according to French designs drawn up by the French atomic Energy Commission as part of the French-Israeli efforts to coordinate in the field of atomic cooperation. The Dimona reactor is located on the desert road between Beersheba and Sodom، in the Negev Center for Nuclear Research. It consists of ten buildings. It contains a nuclear reactor and a reprocessing plant. Plutonium This place was chosen because of its proximity to the raw materials (uranium) found in the Negev desert. The costs of building the reactor were estimated at about (130) million dollars, and its capacity was (150) megawatts, and it was able to produce (8) kilos of plutonium annually. The reactor operates with enriched uranium. (90%), which is a reactor that produces plutonium، which is the main element for the production of the fissile atomic bomb, since the Jews of Russian origins had a great and most prominent influence in the establishment of the Israeli nuclear program, as they pushed the Israeli nuclear file into existence. And they put (Israel) at the forefront of the nuclear countries

Effects of Lunar Phases on Foot Temperature, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects.

It has been observed that the lunar phases alter the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level in type-2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was also reported to be associated with elevated foot temperature (FT), oxidative stress, and inflammation in T2DM subjects. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the changes in FT, oxidative stress, and inflammation levels and assess the relationship of FT with oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity, and inflammatory markers in T2DM subjects at different lunar phases. The plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and dorsal and plantar surface temperatures of the feet by infrared dermal thermometer were measured in 88 randomly selected T2DM subjects at different lunar phases. The levels of oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α). The FTs, MDA, and TNF-α were significantly increased, and G6PDH activity was significantly decreased in the new moon (NM) and full moon (FM) than in the third quarter (TQ) and first quarter (FQ) for both sexes. The FTs, MDA, and TNF-α levels were significantly positively correlated, whereas G6PDH activity was significantly negatively correlated with FPG at NM and FM in both sexes. The MFT was significantly positively correlated with MDA and TNF-α and significantly negatively correlated with G6PDH at NM and FM in T2DM subjects. The lunar phases showed a prominent influence on the FT, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status in T2DM subjects, which might be due to the existence of biological rhythm interaction with lunar electromagnetic radiations.

Assessment on infection prevention and control knowledge among medical professionals in south Indian population.

Healthcare workers are always at higher risk of biological exposure as the healthcare setting is hazardous, and it is impracticable to exclude infection. Poor compliance with standard precautions among healthcare workers is one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections. This study analyzed the gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice of infection control among healthcare workers and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, internet, and social media usage on infection control. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st to 31st March 2022 among various healthcare professionals using a self-administered structured questionnaire to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice on infection control. The impact of COVID-19, Internet, and social media usage on infection control practices was also analyzed. Among 382 healthcare workers who participated in the study, 89.4% of the participants had good knowledge, 55.26% had a neutral attitude, and all showed good practice levels on infection control. Similarly, the result showed that internet and social media usage during COVID-19 had significantly enhanced the knowledge, attitude, and practice on infection control. Healthcare professionals must be frequently updated on infection control guidelines and routine training programs. The hospital's adherence to the Joint Commission International (JCI) guidelines reduces the risk of healthcare-associated infections. As observed in this study, due to the prominent influence of social media and the internet, these platforms can be exploited to provide training and awareness to healthcare professionals and the public.

Martian Thermosphere Response to Solar Flares: MAVEN NGIMS Observations

The solar flare is a sudden eruptive solar phenomenon with significant enhancements in solar X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet radiations, resulting in large amounts of energy being injected into the planetary atmosphere. Case studies have been extensively presented to analyze the effect of extremely large flares on the Martian upper atmosphere, but the general features of the Martian thermospheric response to flares are still poorly understood. In this work, we select 12 intense solar flares that occurred between 2015 and 2017 and investigate the densities and compositional variations of the dayside Martian thermosphere to these flares with the aid of the measurements made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN. The statistical studies indicate that the responses of the Martian thermosphere to flares are complicated that both the class of the flare and the wavelength of the enhanced radiation may have prominent influences on the thermal expansion of the atmosphere and the atmospheric photochemical reactions.

Clinical Correlates of Longitudinal Hypothalamic-Pontine Functional Changes in Migraine Patients (S41.008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To explore longitudinal hypothalamic-pontine resting state (RS) effective connectivity (EC) changes in migraine patients and investigate their association with disease progression over the years. <h3>Background:</h3> The hypothalamus and pons play a pivotal role in migraine pathophysiology. Whether longitudinal hypothalamic-pontine RS EC changes could influence migraine disease activity has never been investigated. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> RS functional magnetic resonance imaging were acquired from 92 headache-free episodic migraine patients and 73 controls. Twenty-three migraine patients and 23 controls were reexamined after 4 years. RS EC of bilateral pons and hypothalamus was performed using SPM12 and dynamic causal modelling. Longitudinal RS EC differences between groups were investigated using parametric empirical bayes models. <h3>Results:</h3> During the follow-up, 35% of patients reported an increased migraine attack frequency. Over the follow-up, migraine patients developed a higher inhibitory EC within the left pons, from the right pons to the ipsilateral hypothalamus, from the left hypothalamus to the ipsilateral and contralateral pons, and from the left pons to the ipsilateral and contralateral hypothalamus. Migraine patients experienced also a higher excitatory EC from the right pons to the left pons. At follow-up, greater headache impact correlated to higher inhibitory EC from the left pons to the ipsilateral and contralateral hypothalamus, while higher migraine attack frequency was associated with higher inhibitory left hypothalamic-left pontine EC. During the follow-up, the increased left pontine-right hypothalamic inhibitory EC was significantly associated to an increased migraine attack frequency. Lower inhibitory RS EC from the left pons to the left and right hypothalamus at baseline predicted clinical worsening over the years. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Interictal migraine patients experience a prominent inhibitory influence of the pons over the hypothalamus and <i>vice versa</i> that could affect migraine progression over the years. An altered hypothalamic-pontine inhibitory activity may be a prognostic marker for migraine worsening after 4 years. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Messina has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Lundbeck . Dr. Messina has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Eli Lilly. Dr. Messina has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Bromatech. Paola Valsasina has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for ACCMED. Dr. Zanandrea has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cetta has nothing to disclose. Bruno Colombo has nothing to disclose. Maria Assunta Rocca has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Teva. The institution of Maria Assunta Rocca has received research support from Italian Ministry of Health, MS Society of Canada and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. Dr. Filippi has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Bayer, Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries. Dr. Filippi has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Bayer, Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries. Dr. Filippi has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Springer Nature. The institution of Dr. Filippi has received research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, and ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA).

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Indian Agriculture: A Review

The rise and spread of Covid-19 pandemic affected all parts of the human society by creating massive socio-economic panic across all the sectors including agriculture, tourism, commerce, shipping, manufacturing and tertiary sectors across the world. The agricultural and food sector were considered as the most crucial part of the developing economics across the globe, which was completely exposed during the Covid-19 pandemic. It has an undesirable and prominent influence on agriculture and allied sectors in India. The pandemic lockdown has resulted in the agrarian crisis across the nation by influencing and disrupting the food demand, food supply and value chain of various agricultural goods and commodities. In the country like India where majority of the population, approximately 140 million, depends directly or indirectly on agriculture and food sectors as the primary source of their income the impact due to the Covid-19 pandemic created an imbalance and affected the economy of the nation. Containing an analysis and detailed review based on articles, scientific reports, publications, organizational statements, and press releases, this review article addresses an inclusive assessment and highlights the effects of Covid-19 pandemic on agriculture and food systems. An effort has been made to understand its impact on food supply, food demand, food prices, food security and national economy. The need of the hour is to promote effective solutions in order to control critical factors such as food production, food supply, food demand, price hikes, food security and supply chain resilience. Since the urbanization and population will have tremendous growth in the coming decades, epidemics may be more frequent and we need to ensure contingency plans and mitigation strategies, especially for agricultural and food systems.

Influence of Key Process Parameters on Vibration Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump

The low-noise operation of ships will be affected by the vibration of centrifugal pumps, which are widely implemented in vessels. Available papers mainly focused on the structural optimization of pump components with less concentration on their assembly process, which include coaxiality, circle-runout and clearance fit, etc. The clearance between the impeller and wear ring, which is named wear-ring clearance, is influenced by the manufacturing and assembly process and has an impact on vibration. An investigation of the influence of key process parameters on the vibration characteristics of the pump based on wear-ring clearance is presented. A numerical model of the internal flow field of the pump is presented. The dynamic behavior in the frequency domain is obtained for fluid-solid interaction. The vibration is found to be more pronounced at some frequencies. A closed-loop dimensional chain system is constructed targeting the wear-ring clearance, and the circle-runout and coaxiality of some parts are found to have a prominent influence on it. A relationship between the key process parameters of the pump and vibration characteristics is established.

Convergence in floodplain pond communities indicates different pathways to community assembly

Disturbance can strongly influence ecosystems, yet much remains unknown about the relative importance of key processes (selection, drift, and dispersal) in the recovery of ecological communities following disturbance. We combined field surveys with a field experiment to elucidate mechanisms governing the recovery of aquatic macroinvertebrates in habitats of an alluvial floodplain following flood disturbance. We monitored macroinvertebrates in 24 natural parafluvial habitats over 60 days after a major flood, as well as the colonization of 24 newly-built ponds by macroinvertebrates over 45 days in the same floodplain. We examined the sources of environmental variation and their relative effects on aquatic assemblages using a combination of null models and Mantel tests. We also used a joint species distribution model to investigate the importance of primary metacommunity structuring processes during recovery: selection, dispersal, and drift. Contrary to expectations, we found that beta diversity actually decreased among natural habitats over time after the flood or the creation of the ponds, instead of increasing. This result was despite environmental predictors showing contrasting patterns for explaining community variation over time in the natural habitats compared with the experimental ponds. Flood heterogeneity across the floodplain and spatial scale differences between the experimental ponds and the natural habitats seemingly constrained the balance between deterministic and stochastic processes driving the ecological convergence of assemblages over time. While environmental selection was the dominant structuring process in both groups, biotic interactions also had a prominent influence on community assembly. These findings have profound implications towards understanding metacommunity structuring in riverscapes that includes common linkages between disturbance heterogeneity, spatial scale properties, and community composition.