Project Work Research Articles

A Model of Accident Avoiding System for Trains

Abstract: Safety must be the top most priority in train running and it plays an important role in safe running of trains in our country. Already many systems are existed to avoid accidents, even though an attempt is made in this project work to study the subject of train accidents avoiding systems to enhance the technology further. The Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is the major subject to detect unsafe situations arising due to over speed and train collisions in station area. The advanced accident prevention methods must be incorporated those measures under which the trains will be in constant communication with the protection systems through electronic communication systems. Although, Indian Railways have safe running devices, we have made an effort to cover few more important features like, 1 – to detect the track break in running rail track, 2 – object detection in between the tracks with auto control, and 3 – auto stop when train detects Red signal present over the track side signal post. These are the three important parameters incorporated in our project work and for live demo, a mini model train will be constructed over which all required sensors and their control circuits will be installed to prove the theme practically.

Analisis Pengakuan Beban Kontrak Konstruksi Berdasarkan PSAK NO. 34 pada Perusahaan Jasa Konsultansi Konstruksi: Studi Kasus PT. Ravino Citra Mandiri

This study aims to analyze how the application and recognition of revenue and expenses in construction consulting service companies in accordance with PSAK No. 34 at PT Ravino Citra Mandiri. The data used for this research is secondary data in the form of records of PT Ravino Citra Mandiri's project expenses and revenues for the period July 2021 - December 2021. The method used for data collection is through interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique uses qualitative analysis. The results showed that the application of PSAK No. 34 at PT Ravino Citra Mandiri was still not implemented in its entirety, where the recording was still carried out on a cash basis, but the recording and recognition of expenses was appropriate. The application of the work contract method is not yet appropriate, because the company only records using the cash basis system due to improper management so that the author presents a comparison if the recording is justified using the completed contract method and also the percentage of completion method, the percentage of completion method is used because the billing system carried out for the project uses a term system. The use of this method is considered by the company as a recording with a high accuracy value because it records all historical costs during the work of the work project compared to the completed contract which only records receipts and expenses for the work project.

Paddy Crop Disease Detection Using Machine Learning

Abstract: India has risen as a significant player in earlier years, the world’s second-largest producer of paddy, yielding approximately 497.7 million metric tons annualy. Sustaining vast paddy fields demand ongoing attention and upkeep. It is critical to recognize the symptoms and understand how this can effectively control the disease. Therefore, inspired by this research paper, a solution is suggested to train machine learning for identify diseases in paddy plants. The system utilizes rea;- time datasets sourced from the Agriculture Research Institute of Lonavala, which are freely accessible. This system can be used for identification purposes four major paddy plant diseases -Leaf Blast, Leaf Scald, Neck Blast and False smut. This Proposed system, first images are pre-processed and then the custom Convolution Neural Network is used to arranging the images. This project work discusses the methodology for disease identifying diseased leaves at an early At this stage, the suggested automated system can assist farmers in mitigating further harm to their crops.

Fabrication of Intelligent Braking System

Abstract: The braking system was designed and applied on a car to make the driving process safety using embedded system design. Most of the accident occurs due to the delay of the driver to hit the brake, so in this project work braking system is developed such that when it is active it can apply brake depending upon the object sensed by the Proximity sensor and speed of vehicle. Currently, vehicles are often equipped with active safety systems to reduce the risk of accidents, many of which occur in the urban environments. The most popular include Antilock Braking Systems (ABS), Traction Control and Stability Control. All these systems employ different types of sensors to constantly monitor the conditions of the vehicle, and respond in an emergency situation. An intelligent mechatronic system includes an Proximity wave emitter provided on the front portion of a car producing and emitting Proximity waves frontward in a predetermined distance. An Proximity receiver is also placed on the front portion of the car operatively receiving a reflective Proximity wave signal. The reflected wave (detected pulse) gives the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle and RPM counter gives speed of vehicle. The microcontroller is used to control the braking of the vehicle based on the detection pulse information to push the brake pedal and apply brake to the car stupendously for safety purpose.

Random walk theory and application

This project presents an overview of Random Walk Theory and its applications, as discussed in the provided project work. Random Walk Theory posits that changes in elements like stock prices follow a distribution independent of past movements, making future predictions challenging. Originating from the work of French mathematician Louis Bachelier and later popularized by economist Burton Markiel, the theory finds extensive applications beyond finance, spanning fields such as psychology, economics, and physics. The project delves into various types of random walks, including symmetric random walks, and explores their implications in different spaces, from graphs to higher-dimensional vector spaces. It provides definitions, examples, and graphical representations to elucidate random walk concepts, highlighting their relevance in practical scenarios like particle movement and stock price fluctuations. Key concepts such as the reflection principle and the main lemma are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of random walks and their properties. Through examples and lemmas, the project elucidates the mathematical foundations of random walks, offering insights into their behavior and applications across diverse disciplines. In summary, this project contributes to a deeper comprehension of Random Walk Theory, serving as a fundamental framework for understanding stochastic processes and their real-world implications.

Hubungan Instruksi Kerja dengan Unsafe Action pada Pekerja Ketinggian di Proyek Konstruksi Pembangunan SMK-SMAK Bogor Tahun 2023

Work instructions are work procedures that are arranged sequentially to facilitate work related to work tools, mechanical hazards, physical hazards, chemical hazards and biological hazards. This research aims to determine the relationship between work instructions and unsafe actions among high-rise workers in the Bogor SMK-SMAK construction project in 2023. This research method uses an analytical cross sectional research design with the population size of this study being 62 workers with a sample size of 59 construction workers. Sampling used non-probability techniques using purposive sampling techniques with univariate and bivariate data analysis using the chi-square test. This research was conducted in May – December 2023. Univariate results showed that the highest proportion of workers had good work instructions, namely 32 respondents (54.2%). The results of statistical tests show that there is a relationship between work instructions (p-value 0.017) and unsafe actions among high-altitude workers. This research concludes that the more workers comply with work instructions, the safer their work behavior will be and vice versa.

Can Socially Assistive Robots Be Accepted by Older People Living Alone in the Community?: Empirical Findings from a Social Work Project in China

ABSTRACT A pilot study was undertaken between March 2019 and September 2021, loaning socially assistive robots (SARs) for a 7-day trial to older people living alone in China. Quantitative assessments of participants’ acceptance of technology and loneliness were conducted before and after the intervention, supplemented with qualitative interviews. Unexpectedly, participants’ intention to use SARs decreased significantly, largely due to emotional anxiety. Meanwhile, participants’ level of loneliness remained unchanged. Follow-up interviews revealed anxious emotion, hesitant attitudes, unreal social presence, usability difficulties as contributing factors. The study provides social workers with valuable insights into introducing SARs into community care of older people.

A Study on Customer Perception & Satisfaction on Digital Marketing in Online Advertising Company

While working in the organization I was trained as a relationship personnel being engaged into various jobs such as dealing with clients, answering customer queries through telephonic conversations and providing them knowledge about new schemes and converting them into our customers. As my research project I was given the topic on “Customer Satisfaction and perception on Digital Marketing in Online Advertising Company”. The project work was for this research was conducted in Lucknow to study the customer relation management. The research has been conducted to gather information from 100 respondents & a structured questionnaire will be used to collect the information from the respondents. The data which was collected from them will be analyzed and classified.

Project Work In Teaching English

This article deals to describe the principal characteristics of project work, to identify the types of projects and to analyse their benefits and peculiarities, to analyse the project work organizing procedure.

Management of innovative activities of technological and industrial territorial systems

Management of innovative activity in technological and industrial territorial systems (TITS) becomes particularly relevant in the context of globalization and increasing competitiveness. This study focuses on exploring methods of innovation management within TITS, including strategic planning, implementation of innovative processes, and cooperation among government structures, the private sector, and scientific institutions. The research aims to develop recommendations for managing innovative activities in technological and industrial territorial systems. The article delves into the essence of managing innovative processes at the territorial and industrial territorial systems level, exemplified by techno and industrial parks. It establishes fundamental principles of management, including the principle of foresight, the principle of integration of innovative processes, the principle of division of labor, specialization, and cooperation, the principle of delineation of competencies, the principle of informatization, and the principle of efficiency in managing innovative activities in a science and technology park. Management of innovative activity in technological and industrial territorial systems is carried out through stages such as forming a complete spectrum of tasks related to organizing innovative activity, providing detailed descriptions according to the chosen methodology, assessing interrelationships between tasks, and systematizing tasks by considering established criteria. The essence of managing innovative processes at territorial-technological structures is thoroughly investigated. Particular emphasis is placed on critical principles of managing innovative activity, which include the ability to forecast the development of innovative processes and adapt management decisions according to future trends; ensuring coordinated work of various innovative initiatives and projects to achieve a synergistic effect; optimizing the distribution of functions and tasks among participants of the innovation process to enhance overall efficiency; clear definition and distribution of authority and responsibility among different management levels and organizations; implementation of modern information technologies to support decision-making and enhance the transparency of innovative processes; focus on achieving maximum results with minimal resource expenditure. The essence of managing innovative activity in technological and industrial territorial systems is substantiated; principles of managing innovative activity are defined: the principle of foresight; the principle of integration of innovative processes; the principle of division of labor, specialization, and cooperation; the principle of delineation of competencies; the principle of informatization; the principle of management efficiency in regional innovation activity. The following stages for managing innovative activity in technological and industrial territorial systems are implemented: construction of a complete set of tasks for organizing innovative activity and their description according to the chosen scheme; assessment of the connection between tasks; grouping of tasks by given criteria. Keywords: innovation, innovative activity, management, technological and industrial territorial systems, social effect, cluster

Matrix-Network Modeling of Translation Communication from Perspective of Eco-Translatology

The article presents the results of a search study conducted based on ecosystemic and network approaches in translation studies within the framework of the concept of “human — network environment”. The relevance is determined by the importance of considering the socio-communicative aspect in translation activities and viewing the translator as a functionally integrated element of the network environment. Communicative-network interaction of participants in a translation project is described. The research methodology is based on the potential of matrix and network modeling methods for processing and visualizing data of translation communication. The analysis is carried out using two models: a responsibility distribution matrix and an undirected graph compiled using a social network visualizer program as a hypothetical projection of a more complex model, verified in practice. Examples of analyzing project interaction between written and oral translations based on a protocol of pilot interviews with English language translators about their experience working in a translation department at an industrial enterprise in the Chelyabinsk region are used as materials. The comprehensive methodology of matrix-network modeling allows for explicitating the specifics of work in a translation project at an enterprise, identifying control-network nodes that accumulate the main communicative load, and determining strategies to enhance communication efficiency.

Manajemen Proyek Pengerjaan Pipa Air pada PT. X Menggunakan Metode CPM dan PERT

A project is a temporary activity that has a beginning and end specified in time and scope. To support the success of a project, project management needs to be carried out. In general, a project is held by a contractor. contractors who have the obligation to carry out work according to the plan, schedule the activities to be carried out, provide supporting tools for project implementation. One company operating in this field is CV. Andhika Kencana. Now CV. Andhika Kencana is carrying out work on several projects, one of which is the water pipe installation project at PT. X. This research aims to guarantee the water pipe installation project at PT. X is right in terms of cost, quality and time. This research uses 2 methods to analyze project work schedules, namely the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation And Review Technique (PERT). The results of this research show that the critical path on this project is A-B-C-D-G-H-K-L-M-N-O with different completion times. Using the CPM method, the project can be completed in a total of 65 working days, which is 1.15% faster than the normal time. Meanwhile, using the PERT method, the project can be completed in a total of 66.2 working days with a chance of 70.88%, which is 1.13% faster than the normal time.

UTILIZATION OF BIM TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SYSTEMS DESIGN

Problem statement. The need for the formation and development of human resources in the construction industry of Ukraine to create a competitive sphere that complies with high standards of quality and efficiency, operating based on modern financial, economic, technical, and organizational mechanisms. One method to achieve the goals of innovative development is the modernization of architectural and construction design and engineering networks, particularly through the implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies. These technologies enable effective decision-making at all stages of the life cycle of buildings and structures − from the initial idea to the stage of operation and even the dismantling of water supply and wastewater system engineering networks. The purpose of the article − to explore the utilization of BIM technologies to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of designing water supply and wastewater systems Conclusions. The application of BIM technologies in the design of water supply and wastewater systems significantly improves work efficiency. Creating digital models facilitates the interaction of all participants in the construction process and minimizes errors and conflicts during the design phase. The success of modernizing the construction industry became possible through active collaboration of all stakeholders. Public advocacy and participation in addressing industry issues provided a broader perspective on problem-solving. The implementation of BIM technologies allows for the development and improvement of water supply and wastewater system projects, contributing to work optimization and project planning enhancement.

Factors Related to the Unsafe Act in Office Construction Project Workers at PT. X North Jakarta, Indonesia

Factors Related to the Unsafe Act in Office Construction Project Workers at PT. X North Jakarta, Indonesia

Promowanie różnorodności językowej i kulturowej w kształceniu nauczycieli języków obcych – dobre praktyki i skuteczne rozwiązania

The aim of the article is to present good practices and effective solutions adopted in the plurilingual and multicultural education, integrated language didactics and virtual exchange courses at the Centre for Foreign Language Teacher Training and European Education of the University of Warsaw. During classes students become familiar with pluralistic approaches to languages and cultures, language didactics for tertiary education, and different aspects of intercultural communication. The classes help the students to develop plurilingual and intercultural competence, including the skill of linguistic and intercultural mediation. The students also learn how to plan and organize project work and how to promote linguistic and cultural diversity during a foreign language lesson at school. The article discusses methods and tools used during these classes and gives examples of tasks carried out by the students. These are, among others, an intercultural project, which consists in carrying out and recording interviews with foreigners living in Poland and integrated didactic tasks, during which students learn to notice and analyse relations between languages. The integrated didactic tasks concentrate on relations between the students’ mother tongue, the first foreign language (English) and additional languages which, in the case of the students of the Centre and their future learners, are German and French. The article also shows the way in which a tool for comparing national cultures (available at hofstede-insights.com), related to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, can be used. The examples of tools and tasks presented in the article are intended to show how to effectively promote cultural and linguistic diversity and how to help the students, who are future teachers of foreign languages develop plurilingual and intercultural competences.

Relying on LEADER? A place-based policy approach to the rural development of Finnish municipalities

In Finnish rural development, the role of municipalities has proven to be modest, even though the place-based policy approach in principle gives them an important position. The main part of municipal rural development involves cooperation with LEADER groups, to which municipalities give priority. In this study I ask: What explains the current status of municipalities in place-based rural development, that is, the dominance of LEADER and the small scale of the municipalities' own rural development? The methodology is based on critical realism, and the analysis draws from semi-structured interviews conducted in three municipalities. The aforementioned state of local rural development is called demi-regularity, which is the starting point of the research. Using a thematic analysis developed by Tom Fryer for critical realist research, the study proposes three causal explanations for this observation, namely the idea of responsible local communities, the development policy of the shrinking municipality, and the challenges of projectification. According to the findings, the increased role of villages in rural development does not necessarily support the involvement of municipalities, but rather the opposite. The study also shows that when municipalities are primarily looking for (economic) growth, they have difficulties in trusting the potential of rural areas, let alone exploiting it. On the other hand, the challenges of projectification do not characterise LEADER projects in the same way as other municipal project work, making it tempting to rely on LEADER in municipal rural development. Overall, the study shows how strongly and differently LEADER is rooted in place-based rural development in Finland. In order to bring municipalities back into the scene, a broader discussion on the actual preconditions of municipalities in place-based rural development is needed.

Investigating the Factors Impacting the Performance of Small and Medium-Scale Irrigation Construction Projects in Eastern Amhara

Recently due to their economic value, there has been a rapid increment of water work construction projects in Ethiopia. However, there is a problems regarding their performance, like cost overrun, time overrun, low productivity & low quality. The same is true for water work projects that are constructed by Amhara Water Works Construction Enterprise. This research work aims to identify and evaluate the main factors affecting the performance of small & medium-scale irrigation construction projects in eastern Amhara region-Ethiopia. To achieve the objectives of this research study, five irrigation construction projects were targeted as the population of the study and both qualitative & quantitative data were collected by desk study, questioner survey, and interviews. Total 75 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and out of these 75 distributed questionnaires, 70 (93.33%) questionnaires were returned. The data collected were analysed using SPSS version 25 and the significance factors were ranked by using their Relative Importance Index (RII). The results show that the top ten critical factors that affecting performance agreed upon by all parties were an escalation of material prices, unavailability of resources, number of disputes between owner and project parties, quality of equipment or machinery and raw materials, unavailability of competent staff, financial constraints, material and equipment cost, local climate conditions cost of variation orders and leadership skills for project manager.

Exploring cultural landscape narratives to understand challenges for collaboration and their implications for governance

ABSTRACT Ongoing land use change, including both land abandonment and agricultural intensification and expansion, not only present a threat for biodiversity and ecosystem health but also for the persistence of cultural landscapes. However, farmland abandonment and the resulting loss of traditional cultural landscapes is an under-researched topic in the literature. Our work in a transdisciplinary action research project in the Spreewald Biosphere Reserve suggested that challenges to preserve the cultural landscape are rooted in diverging landscape understandings and future aspirations. Dealing with and integrating different perceptions and viewpoints is a key challenge in landscape governance. Narratives as storylines about a topic or an issue have a structural and temporal dimension and can help understand land-use conflicts and different viewpoints. We adopted a social constructivist perspective on landscape to engage with meanings and perceptions (including values) that constitute landscape to diverse stakeholders. To understand these differences in meaning, we drew on Q-methodology and conducted 38 interviews with key stakeholders. We elicited three co-existing and partly overlapping landscape narratives. These differ with regard to meanings of the term cultural landscape, including how stakeholders characterise the landscape, how they appreciate it, and what they perceive as threats. We show how such differences in meanings and values attributed to the landscape translate to different problem framings and future aspirations and thus present a barrier for collaborative management and governance. We highlight how participatory vision development could help address narrative tensions and argue that a more integrative perspective would better include cultural aspects.

Application of AI Technologies in STEAM School Education

Artificial intelligence is increasingly and relentlessly entering all areas of our lives, including the field of education. These technologies offer numerous advantages and opportunities in carrying out various activities and tasks throughout the entire educational process. This article discusses some aspects of applying AI technologies to enhance personalization, accessibility, and interactivity in school education, especially in STEAM interest clubs. The authors aim to propose approaches for the successful integration of AI in the work of teachers and facilitators during the pre-planning phase of lessons, the preparation of personalized assignments for students, the process of testing and assessing knowledge, as well as in students' group and project work. The article shares the experience of teaching in a robotics club with 6th-grade students in a middle school. It also highlights the potential of certain chatbots to support and enrich the programming process. The authors also draw attention to some problems and challenges associated with the ethical and responsible use of these technologies

Understanding the nature of information interdependencies and developing control portfolios for modularized information systems development projects

For better governance, information systems development (ISD) projects are often decomposed ex ante, using client requirements, to create self-contained modules. Following such a modular approach allows independent and efficient structuring of ISD project work. However, given the integrated nature of ISD work, maintaining information flows across the different modules within ISD projects is essential. Through an in-depth examination of six ISD projects, we discover four types of requirements information interdependencies across ISD project modules. Next, we identify appropriate control portfolios for governing the different types of inter-modular requirements information interdependencies. Results indicate that different types of requirements information interdependencies necessitate governance through varying control portfolios. Our study contributes to the ISD literature by identifying the nuanced mechanisms through which requirements information interdependencies could be better governed by applying appropriate control portfolios. Our study also offers significant practical implications for ISD project governance.