Project Time Performance Research Articles

Impact of Traditional Procurement System on Construction Project Delivery

Poor project performance issues have been a problem in the construction industry. A large number of projects have failed to meet their goal as a result of the choice of procurement adopted. The traditional method is the commonly used procurement method in the construction industries of the world, and its sequential and linear nature has serious implications on project time, cost and quality baseline performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the traditional procurement system on construction project delivery. The specific objectives of this study were; to assess the influence of the traditional procurement system on construction project parameters, and to determine the factors responsible for the poor bottom lines of traditionally procure construction projects. This study was achieved using a structured questionnaire administered to construction experts using a purposive sampling method. With a reliability index of over 0.800, the data gathered were analysed using appropriate descriptive tools. It was found that projects delivered through the traditional procurement system have the greatest impact on project time parameters, more on cost and quality parameters. Also, poor time, cost and quality performance are caused by major factors such as rework, poor original planning/unrealistic scheduling, poor communication among project participants, lack of competent staff and inadequate proper training of available staff, and design and documentation issues. Project clients and consultants should be careful in project procurement selection to ensure that maximum value and goals are met

Solving Problems Efficiently in R&D Projects: An Empirical Study of the Application of Six Sigma Tools in an Industrial Research Center

Given the high uncertainty in R&D work, a key concern of R&D managers is to understand how to fail faster by managing time and cost efficiently among their R&D projects. This study investigates how using a variety of Six Sigma tools can differentially affect R&D project time and cost performance. Our data are collected from 35 R&D projects in an industrial R&D center, and a total of 30 different Six Sigma tools were found to be used in varying frequencies. We analyze this problem in two phases. First, by analyzing the frequencies of tool use in the 35 projects through factor analysis, we find the application of Six Sigma tools can be guided by two distinct patterns of tool use: design-oriented tools (DT) and non-design-oriented tools (non-DT). DT include quality function deployment and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) for defining and understanding of the focal problems, while non-DT include Pareto chart and design of experiment for generating and testing solutions for the defined problems. Second, based on the two categories of tool use, we further analyze the effects of the two patterns of tool use on project duration and project cost. Results show that using a variety of DT is associated with faster project completion and non-DT lower project cost. In addition, the use of Six Sigma tools (both DT and non-DT) is associated with shorter durations and higher costs for complex projects but lower costs and longer durations for less complex projects. That is, different modes of trade-ff between time and cost performance can occur when project complexity is considered as a moderating factor. Overall, our findings demonstrate new insights into how using a variety of problem-solving tools affects R&D project cost and duration simultaneously.

Influence of Conflict Factors on Performance of Construction Projects

Conflict is inherent in construction projects due to uniqueness, complexity and involvement of several stakeholders. Occurrence of conflicts affects projects outcomes if not properly managed. This study assessed the influence of factors responsible for conflicts on time, cost and quality performance of construction projects. A quantitative approach which entails questionnaire survey was adopted. Data were collected through questionnaire administered to 125 construction professionals, out of which. 83 were properly filled and returned. The data collected was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Influence of the conflict factors on project performance parameters was ranked using mean and standard deviation. Kruskal-Wallis Test was used to determine the statistical significance of the variation in influence of the conflict factors on time, cost and quality performance of construction projects. Results indicated that the influence of all the 21 assessed conflict factors ranges from ‘moderate’ to ‘high’. 15, 13 and 13 factors have high influence on time, cost and quality performance respectively. Findings of the study also indicated that the variation in the influence of conflict factors on time, cost and quality performance of construction project was statistically not significant (p value obtained is 0.286 for P≤ 0.05). The study concludes that 13 conflict factors have high influence across time, cost and quality performance of construction projects. Furthermore, the influence of conflict factors on time, cost and quality performance of construction projects is similar. The study recommends that construction stakeholders should strive to minimise the occurrence of factors which give rise to conflict in any given project so as to achieve optimal project performance.

Dynamic Model-Based Risk Manageability in the Modular Construction of High-Rise Residential Buildings to Improve Project time Performance

Modular construction has been applied in low-rise buildings over the past three decades, but its application in high-rise buildings is still less than 1% worldwide. Thus, the need for high-rise residential buildings applying modular construction in Indonesia becomes very important. The unavailability of design guidelines disrupts the life cycle of modular construction projects. This study aims to analyze the factors which affect the risk manageability of on-time performance in modular construction residential high-rise building projects, then analyze risk manageability modeling using dynamic systems for on-time performance, then analyze the results of the simulations and modeling scenarios of risk manageability using dynamic systems to improve time performance. The research variables were obtained based on the results of a literature study seeking the opinions of experts qualified in this field. The methods used were cause flow diagram models which were then developed into stock-flow diagrams with input formulation and validation, thereafter simulations and scenarios were carried out and reviewed for time overrun. The research results showed 15 factors of risk manageability that affect on-time performance in the modular construction of residential high-rise buildings. Without any mitigation of the risks, the highest time overrun of 12.79 days was incurred due to drawing approval, then design standardization of 12.79 days, and supply chain 12.78 days. The results of scenario #3 showed an optimistic alternative with a 53.55% improvement whereby project delays decreased from 126 days/25.25% to 59.17 days/11.8%, delivering a time overrun of <20% which could be implemented in the construction process.

Work rate modeling of building construction projects using system dynamic to optimize project cost and time performance

Project time and cost are recognized as project performance indicators that change dynamically. However, most performance measurements in construction industry practice remain quantitative and static; yet, construction projects have unique, uncertain, and complex characteristics. The work rate or level of effort is a dynamic factor that influences project time and the cost performance index. As a result, the performance index value fluctuates according to the various factors that influence this value. This research aimed to determine what critical factors influence work rate, which then affects schedule and time performance, and the relationship between them, using system dynamics modeling. The findings from base model simulation, sensitivity analysis, and scenario analysis showed that the resource factors, environmental issues, and management factor variables affected the value of work rate. The scenario phase showed that the highest performance value was from the optimistic scenario model, with 2.35% on CPI and 3.19% on SPI, greater than the base model’s index value. The results of the scenario phase in this research could be used to formulate strategies to obtain optimum construction project performance.

Project Manager Skills affecting Construction Projects in Egypt

The research was to explore the relationships between Construction Project manager skills and the performance of projects in Egypt. Specifically, this study investigated the relationship between the project manager skills (Technical Skills, Human skills, Conceptual Skills, Political and Social Skills) and the dimensions of project performance (Project Cost and Project Time). Hard skills include technological abilities, background, industry knowledge, and project experience. That define the tangible portion of a project manager’s resume as the 21st century recognition of project management. Data has been collected from 104 expert engineers who have a good realistic background in the field of construction industry; questionnaire survey is the used method. The results of analysis propose that risk management abilities have a significant association with project cost and time performance. The Egyptian construction sector may use the findings as a guideline to choosing project managers with the ‘suitable’ skills profile or focusing training and development programs on skills crucial for successful projects.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR ON THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) OF NIGERIA

The construction sector makes significant contribution to employment, domestic capital formation and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, the Nigerian Construction Sector (NCS) is beset by a number of challenges including over-dependent on foreign inputs, economic volatility, low linkages and poor project cost and time performance. The study investigates the impact of the construction sector on the GDP using a 47-year annualized Time Series Data (TSD) gotten from the United Nations Statistics Department (UNSD) database. The study employs econometric methodology which involves series of tests and procedures including tests for unit root and cointegration and Polynomial Distributed Lag (PDL) model. The summary of the estimates including the PDL indicate significant effect of the construction sector on the GDP only when the lag of the GDP is not included as one of the regressors. The study concludes that the effect of the construction sector on the GDP is not robust. Finally, the study recommends for a new national housing and transport infrastructure policy for the sustainable development of the Nigerian constructed infrastructure facilities. The study has demonstrated the relationship between the NCS and GDP. The study added to the body of knowledge by using time series data involving the use of distributed lag model (DLM), autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model and polynomial distributed lag (PDL) model to assess the relationship.

The Influence of Construction Project Team Effectiveness in Higher Institutions’ Building Projects: A Case from Nigeria

Projects are required to meet the stakeholders’ requirements on the stipulated time, quality and budget. The achievement of such requirements is related to team effectiveness. However, there is poor project time and cost performance in Nigeria such that the constructions initiated mostly escalate beyond the cost and time budgeted. The construction project teams in Nigeria are shrouded with dysfunctions leading to undesirable project outcomes. This study aims to examine the influence of project team effectiveness on project performance of higher educational institutions’ construction in Nigeria. A quantitative survey design was employed where 150 questionnaires were administered to construction projects team members in four higher educational institutions in Bauchi state, Nigeria. The result indicated that the team effectiveness factors of communication, role and responsibility as well as team relationships have a substantial influence on project performance. However, goal and objectives, leadership, as well as trust and values factors, do not have significant influence. Overall, the result shows that the variation in the project performance can be explained substantially by changes in the construction project team effectiveness (Adj. R2 =.585). The implication of this finding is that project performance in Nigerian higher educational institutions can be significantly improved by strengthening communications, roles and responsibilities as well as relationships among team members. Thus, this research contributed to the existing body of knowledge on the linkage between team effectiveness and project performance in the Nigeria higher educational institutions' construction projects. The study, therefore, recommended the improvement of team effectiveness factors of the industry by all projects’ stakeholders and participants.

PENGARUH KETERLAMBATAN PROSES PENGADAAN TANAH TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN WAKTU PROYEK

Land acquisition for the Jambo Aye Kanan Irrigation Network of ± 35 kilometers was started in 2010 and is currently around 28 kilometers or ± 70% of the total land acquisition. The Lhok Guci irrigation network of ± 90 kilometers was started in 2007 and is currently around 45 kilometers or ± 50% of the total land acquisition. It can be concluded that if the land acquisition has not been completed, the project work will be carried out as an addendum. In general, a contract addendum is an addition to the main agreement. Additions or changes that are attached cannot be separated from the main agreement, must remain in accordance with the unity of the agreement. Addendum to this contract can be made even though the term of the agreement has not ended, as long as all parties agree. Based on the description above, the problems identified are what factors are causing delays in land acquisition and the impact of the land acquisition process on the project time. This study aims to identify the effect of the land acquisition process on the achievement of project time performance. The results of this study are expected to be one of the references and information to overcome the problems that have resulted in delays in the completion of the Jambo Aye Kanan irrigation network project and the Lhok Guci irrigation network. The method used in this research is correlation analysis. The results of the correlation analysis using the SPSS application that have a relationship with the land acquisition process on the achievement of time performance are funds/funding, coordination and price. The result of the highest correlation analysis of the factors that influence land acquisition on time performance is the price variable. The correlation of the variables that affect land acquisition with laws and regulations on the time performance variable has a high correlation.

Influence of briefing clarity on construction projects: a fuzzy hybrid simulation approach

Predicting brief clarity and assessing its impact on project performance at an early stage of the project delivery can aid in mitigating possible cost overruns and delays. However, this is extremely challenging because of two main issues: the complexity of multiple interrelationships between factors influenced by the briefing process, and the lack of data at the early stage of the project delivery. This study proposes a hybrid simulation approach that addresses these issues and models the influence of briefing clarity on project cost and time performance. This was achieved by developing a system dynamics (SD) model of the briefing process. The initial brief clarity is predicted using a fuzzy control system. The fuzzy outcomes were compiled into the SD model, and the obtained hybrid model was validated. Finally, the model was applied to refurbishment projects to evaluate its efficiency. The implication for the refurbishment projects shows that by clearly defining the brief, it significantly reduces the detailed design and construction cost and duration. The results confirm that the proposed hybrid method can be effective in evaluating the impact of briefing clarity on project performance, particularly at an early stage where there is a lack of project data.

HOW TO GET INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS DELIVERED ON TIME: FROM CHINESE CONTRACTORS’ PERSPECTIVE

67.9% of Chinese international construction projects are seriously delayed, which creates the potential for instability in its rapidly growing share of global contracting markets. A greater understanding of the reasons behind the challenges confronting international contractors is urgently required such that improvements can be developed that ultimately will benefit many countries. This study aims to investigate the time performance of international projects in developing countries and to explore the root causes of time overrun. Based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis of 112 case study projects, collected from 12 of the largest Chinse state-owned enterprises (SOEs), this study identifies the distinctive characteristics of three types of projects (late, acceptable, early) classified based on their time performances. It is established that time performance is significantly related to the contractor’s adaptability and project complexity. The results reveal the root causes of construction delays in international project delivery, which provides a structured and in-depth understanding of both internal and external time performance influential factors. The above findings provide sound basis for guiding practitioners in choosing appropriate strategies to improve project time performance, such as encouraging cross-cultural dialogues, integrating global resources and establishing long-term global partnerships with stakeholders.

Assessing the impact of project brief clarity using project definition rating index tool and system dynamic

PurposeBriefing in a project delivery context is one of the most critical factors in the project success. It defines client requirements, translates these needs into design criteria and generates a design concept. A lack of briefing clarity is one of the main causes of design changes and may lead to project cost and time overruns. This research aims to assess the brief clarity and its influence on project cost and duration.Design/methodology/approachThis research created the PDRI-SD technique by utilising a system dynamic (SD) approach and project definition rating index (PDRI) tool to model the complex system of project briefing and associated variables. Stock and flow diagrams of the main subsystems including the briefing, the detailed design and the construction process, were developed to assess the influence of brief clarity on project cost and time. The PDRI was adopted to measure the briefing clarity and apply in the model. PDRI-SD was then tested in Australian building refurbishment projects to assess the model's effectiveness.FindingsThe simulation results indicated that a minor reduction of the lack of clarity throughout the initial briefing process could significantly mitigate unpredicted delay and cost overruns during the detailed design and the construction stage.Originality/valueThis research contributed to the existing body of knowledge by developing an effective technique to measure the impact of lack of brief clarity on project cost and time performance. PDRI-SD can also aid project clients to predict the influence of the initial defined brief on the detailed design and construction process using the historical data of similar previous projects. It provides clients with feedback, indicating whether the brief meets project requirements or whether parts of the project brief require more clarification/rectification before the project handover to the builders.

Correlation of Agile Principles and Practices to Software Project Performance: An AHP–Delphi Analysis

Currently, Extreme Programming, Scrum, and Kanban are the three most commonly used methods in agile software development (ASD) projects. Each method has different practices and shares a set of agile principles, where quality, time, and cost are the three project performance indicators. Companies may focus on and prioritize certain indicators based on industry or project differences. Therefore, choosing appropriate practices that fit the specific performance indicator is an important decision for organizations. This study utilizes a hierarchical consensus model to examine the correlation between four agile practice groups, six agile principle categories, and three project performance indicators. The modified Delphi method was applied to collect the pairwise comparison data, and the analytic hierarchy process was utilized to analyze the data. A Delphi panel of experts from both academia and industry was established to reach a consensus on the correlation priority using pairwise comparison matrices. The principle of cooperation between customer and developer is considered the most important principle related to project time and cost performance, while the technical excellence principle is the most important principle related to project quality performance. These results can assist organizations and practitioners in adopting the ASD practices that will best enhance their competitive advantage.

Kajian Manajemen Risiko Pada Proyek Preservasi Jalan Dengan Metode AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process)

This study aims to conduct a risk management study on the Poigar-Kaiya-Maelang Road Preservation project that affects the achievement of project performance on time by identifying, classifying, analyzing, handling dominant risks. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis method to identify and classify dominant risks. The variables used are literature studies, expert validation and factor analysis and main component analysis using SPSS version 26 program and quantitative descriptive analysis methods to get perceptions about the frequency and impact of risk on project time performance with risk management standards AS/ZNS 4360 :2004 and determining the priority scale for handling using the AHP method. The results showed that the dominant risks with significant risk categories (significant risk) with the AHP method obtained a priority scale for handling, namely planning and nature by 22.7%, resources and OHS 18.70%, personnel and equipment control by 14.5%. , productivity and distribution of materials by 12.8%, scheduling and finance by 11.3%, coordination and management by 8.2%, communication and work methods by 6.8%, operator capability by 4.9%.

Mitigating Resource Management Related Factors Affecting Time and Cost Performance in Construction Projects

Construction time and cost are basic parameters for measuring project performance. Unfortunately, construction projects are facing poor time and cost performance globally. This poor performance is occurred due to several factors among which resource related factors play very important role. Hence, it is very essential to control the factors affecting performance of time and cost. This study assessed significance level of the resource related factors and determined effective measure to mitigate the factors. Gathering of data was done by questionnaire survey with the practitioners representing client, consultant and contractors involved in handling execution works. Statistical analysis of gathered responses revealed that High cost of machinery and its maintenance; and fluctuation of prices of materials on site are significant resource related factors affecting project cost performance while in affecting time performance, the significant factors are financial difficulties faced by contractors and high cost of machinery and its maintenance. This study also assessed the effectiveness level of the mitigation measures for improving time and cost performance. The findings of this study will be helpful for the practitioners to make necessary arrangement for improving time and cost performance.

PENERAPAN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) PADA PROYEK PASAR SOREANG KABUPATEN BANDUNG

The application of BIM in the Soreang Market development project, Bandung Regency using the Tekla Structure application. How is the time performance in the implementation of the Pasar Soreang project, Bandung Regency. Applying BIM to 4-dimensional (4D) modeling in the construction of the Soreang market project in Bandung Regency. Analyzing project time performance in the form of deviation of realization weight with plan weight based on s curve.Research method is basically a scientific way to get data with a specific purpose and use. Based on the statement above, it can be seen that in a study using a method of processing data and drawing conclusions related to the problem in the study.District afternoon market project. Bandung uses Tekal Structure 19 software. With 3D modeling of buildings in the form of piles, pile caps, tie beams, columns, beams, plates and roof coverings. Then the schedule is added so that it becomes a 4D modeling using the task manager in the Tekla Structure application. In the 4D modeling obtained in the form of images that are able to present the work step by step according to the schedule. The importance of surveys related to traffic conditions around the project site in order to be able to engineer traffic flow so as not to hinder the mobilization of project materials.&#x0D;

Influence of agrometeorological component of the project environment on the duration of works in chemical protection projects of agricultural crops

The analysis of the state of science and practice of making managerial decisions in agricultural production projects is performed. The expediency of substantiation of the influence of the agrometeorological component of the project environment on the duration of works in the projects of chemical protection of agricultural crops is substantiated. The approach to the definition of fund of works time performance in projects of chemical protection of crops taking into account changing events of an agrometeorological component of the project environment is offered. It is based on the use of statistical data of agrometeorological stations in the regions where these projects are implemented. The peculiarity of this approach is that it provides for the formation of databases and knowledge for planning work in projects of chemical protection of agricultural crops based on the characteristics of a given project environment. To do this, computer simulation is used, which provides a systematic consideration of many variable agrometeorological components of the design environment and their impact on the limitation of the time allocated for work. This improves the quality of the database for forecasting the events of the components of the project environment, as well as gaining knowledge that underlies the acceleration of management decisions in projects of chemical protection of crops. It is established that the duration of agrometeorological determined daily fund of time for work in projects of chemical protection of agricultural crops is variable both during the life cycle of the project and in certain periods of its implementation, which is reflected by the relevant distribution laws. Further research on the planning of chemical protection projects for agricultural crops should be conducted to justify new methods and models of management decisions that will take into account the impact of changing events of the agrometeorological component of the project environment on the time and content of work in these projects.

THE APPLICATION OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF TIME IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

The implementation of the Breeze Tower Apartment Project, South Tangerang, lndonesia, especially for Architecture work that was delayed due to the owner’s shop drawing investigation was not compliance with the plan, only 77 percent of the total work was completed. Based on that, this research needs to be done to determine alternatives to improve the project time performance by analyzing the causes of the project delay so that losses caused by delays can be minimized. To find out the alternative solutions to improve project time performance towards the most dominant caused of delay where the research was conducted at the Breeze Tower Apartment Project, South Tangerang, lndonesia. Modeling for this research using the software SEM SMARTPLS 3.0. version. Based on the analysis of structural models or path analysis in SEM Smart PLS, it was found that the most dominant cause of delay was the value of the path coefficients between the independent variables and the dependent variable with a value of 0.548, namely design and documents. Based on the results of expert validation, alternative solutions in increasing project time performance against the most dominant caused of delay are designs mat should go through a number of discussion processes to finalize the design, and the design planner must have a comparable design publishing target and in accordance with the target of carrying out the work by proposing the changes to the new design that most relevant to the field conditions, and includes analysis on each alternative design change. This research is limited to reviewing the causes of project delays, especially in architecture work that affects the time performance of the Breeze Tower Apartment Project, South Tangerang, lndonesia. The substance of the study describes 4 factors including material, equipment, environment, human resources to review the most dominant causes of project delays. Quantitative analysis in this study uses SEM Smart PLS tools where the studies raised will focus on architecture work to obtain the alternative solutions to improve the project time performance towards the most dominant causes of delay where this research is carried out on the Breeze Tower Apartment Project, South Tangerang Indonesia.

Evaluating the critical success criteria for prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction projects

Purpose Prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC) is a game-changing construction method that transforms the fragmented site-based construction of buildings into an integrated production, integration and assembly of value-added volumetric building components. Where circumstances merit, the effective implementation of PPVC leverages significant gains in time, cost, quality, productivity and sustainability performance of construction projects. As PPVC is increasingly becoming mainstream, it is imperative to identify the critical success criteria (CSC) for measuring PPVC project success. The purpose of this study is to identify, rank and benchmark the CSC for measuring PPVC project success. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a quantitative research design where the potential CSC for PPVC projects were evaluated. A comprehensive literature and pilot expert review identified 18 CSC for measuring PPVC project success. Based on a questionnaire survey of international PPVC experts, the 18 CSC were analyzed and prioritized using mean score analysis and weighting function. Findings Based on mean index assessment, the top five CSC for PPVC projects were identified as adherence to project schedules, meeting project quality specification, meeting safety requirements, client and owner satisfaction and cost savings and profitability. Further analysis grouped the 18 CSC into six principal success criteria (PSC), comprising time performance, cost performance, quality performance, environmental and safety performance, stakeholder satisfaction and supply chain performance. Based on weighted analysis of the six PSCs, quality performance, time performance and environmental and safety performance obtained the highest weights. Research limitations/implications The research results are limited by the following limitations. First, although adequate, the sample size was relatively smaller. Second, the generalized analysis overlooked the geospatial sensitivities of the CSC. Originality/value The results constitute the first exclusive quantitative ranking and prioritization of the CSC for PPVC projects. The outputs of this study will enable practitioners to reliably and accurately evaluate the performance levels of PPVC projects. A framework of the CSC for measuring the success of PPVC projects was developed.

Challenges associated with the implementation of insurance in building projects in Nigeria

The nature, complexity of activities and multiple stakeholders involved in the delivery of construction projects have made the construction industry to be filled with risks and uncertainties. These uncertain events impact mostly on time, cost and quality performance of construction projects. The uptake of insurance is one of the key risk management tools for mitigating the impact of construction project risks. While, the implementation of insurance is important and widely used in developed countries, the same cannot be said about developing countries because of some challenges. The purpose of this study is to assess the challenges associated with the implementation of insurance in building projects in Nigeria. The well-structured questionnaire and convenient sampling technique were adopted in the collection of data from experienced clients, contractors, construction professionals and insurance experts on educational projects executed from 2012 to 2016 at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State. With a response rate of 75.71% and a reliability index of 0.897, the gathered data were analysed using appropriate descriptive statistical tools and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The study that the major challenges with the implementation of insurance in a building project are; Lack of trust and confidence in insurance agents, No strict instruction from the government, Complex policy language, Failure to administer contractor's claim in time and Rising cost of the premium. Sensitization of the customer is also important as it is necessary to continue building trust and confidence in current and potential customers of insurance companies. Government should strengthen existing policies and institutions to ensure that implementation and compliances are strictly followed and monitored.