International Cooperation Project Research Articles

WMO Typhoon Landfall Forecast Demonstration Project (2010–22): A Decade of Transition from Track Forecasts to Impact Forecasts

Abstract The Typhoon Landfall Forecast Demonstration Project (TLFDP) (2010–22) was an international cooperative scientific project conducted under the framework of the WMO. The primary objectives of the TLFDP were to enhance the capability of tropical cyclone (TC) forecasters and support related decision-makers in effective utilization of the most advanced forecasting techniques for the ultimate purpose of reducing and preventing disasters associated with TC landfall. Forty agencies/organizations/projects globally participated in the activities of the TLFDP following its inception in 2010, although the primary focus was on landfalling TCs in the western North Pacific. The TLFDP facilitated collaborations and workshops that realized notable achievements in four key areas: 1) the collection, production, and sharing of TC data; 2) the development and application of TC forecast verification metrics; 3) research on TC forecast skill; and 4) development of new techniques for TC forecasting. An obvious outcome was the shift from prediction of TC features, including track and intensity, toward prediction of TC impacts with more probabilistic conception. The final years of the project also promoted increasing application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in various techniques for analysis and forecasting of TCs. Although the TLFDP ended in 2022, its core activities have continued to be extended through new WMO projects and regional cooperative initiatives.

우간다 동부 부탈레자 주 모자보건 증진 사업의 비용편익분석

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of a Uganda Butaleja Maternal Newborn and Child Health Project which has been implemented by a Korean NGO from 2015 to 2018. Originality: Economic evaluation has been acknowledged as a crucial method for gauging the effectiveness of international development cooperation projects in the health sector, but it is being carried out on a limited basis due to limitations in financial and human capabilities. It is significant that the economic evaluation was conducted to complement the limitations of existing cost-benefit analysis studies. In particular, it is meaningful in that it confirmed the economic feasibility of integrated maternal and child health projects that combine hardware and software, including capacity building, awareness improvement, and behavioral change. Methodology: This study employs cost-benefit analysis and evaluates the economics of the targeted project through (i) Net Present Value (NPV), (ii) Cost-Benefit Ratio (BCR), and (iii) Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR). Additionally, sensitivity analysis has been conducted to mitigate potential errors in the assessment process. Result: The cost-benefit analysis yields a NPV of $83,909,933, an EIRR of 71%, and a BCR of 21. The project is deemed cost-effective, as the net present value exceeds 0, the EIRR surpasses the social discount rate, and the BCR is greater than 1. Conclusion and Implication: The results of this study confirmed that integrated maternal and child health ODA projects that combine hardware and software are economically effective, even when long-term maintenance costs are included.

Integration and Innovation of Renewable Energy Technology in International Cooperation Projects

In the tide of global energy transformation, the application of mechatronics technology in the new energy sector has become a pivotal force in advancing sustainable development. This paper thoroughly explores the integration of mechatronics with new energy sources such as solar and wind energy, aiming to enhance energy conversion efficiency, reduce costs, and stimulate technological innovation. By examining the current state of mechatronics technology in the research, development, manufacturing, and promotion of new energy equipment, this paper proposes a range of strategies and recommendations. These are designed to strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration, foster technological innovation, and enhance international cooperation to achieve sustainable global energy development.

Integration and Innovation of Renewable Energy Technology in International Cooperation Projects

In the tide of global energy transformation, the application of mechatronics technology in the new energy sector has become a pivotal force in advancing sustainable development. This paper thoroughly explores the integration of mechatronics with new energy sources such as solar and wind energy, aiming to enhance energy conversion efficiency, reduce costs, and stimulate technological innovation. By examining the current state of mechatronics technology in the research, development, manufacturing, and promotion of new energy equipment, this paper proposes a range of strategies and recommendations. These are designed to strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration, foster technological innovation, and enhance international cooperation to achieve sustainable global energy development.

Developed Status and Forecast of Intelligent Ship Application

The concept of smart ships is not limited to ship autonomous driving, it covers a broader scope, including the full life cycle of ship design, construction, operation and maintenance. By integrating advanced sensors, navigation systems and data analysis platforms, smart ships are able to monitor ship status and the Marine environment in real time, optimize route planning and improve fuel efficiency, thereby reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, smart ships can revolutionize the shipping industry by improving maritime safety and reducing human error through remote control and autonomous decision-making. In recent years, smart ship technology has gradually moved from the theoretical research stage to practical application, and has attracted wide attention from the global shipping industry. A number of international cooperation and research projects have been launched to explore the practical application potential and promotion paths of smart ships. However, the development of smart ships also faces many challenges, including technical difficulties, legal and regulatory restrictions, and public acceptance issues. This paper will deeply discuss the current development status of smart ships, analyze the main challenges it faces, and forecast the future development trend, in order to provide reference and inspiration for the innovative development of the shipping industry.

CROSS-CULTURAL TEACHING IN INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS

The study investigated foreign student teaching conditions through cross-cultural interactions with modern educators. Notably, the authors employed a two-fold framework of cross-cultural education: objective and subjective. Objective factors encompass external variables like curriculum structure, teaching mechanisms, academic environment, literacy, teacher attitudes, research skills, teaching style, and leadership level. The study also identified student motivation, attitude, ability, cultural differences, conflict resolution strategies, and cross-cultural communication skills as influential elements. Ultimately, the research concluded that incorporating a multicultural environment within international cooperation projects fosters greater cross-cultural exposure.

통합적 접근법 실현을 위한 ODA 정책과제

Purpose: This research aims to identify policy tasks for international development cooperation (ODA) projects in order to implement an integrated approach and evaluate them. In this context, the paper redefines the definitions and classifications of integrated approaches, explores methodological changes, and evaluates the potential for mainstreaming.
 Originality: An integrated approach has been emerging at a time when ODA projects have been packaged or enlarged, emphasizing a holistic and comprehensive perspective. This study aims to derive practical concepts shaped by discourse and consensus among experts in the field.
 Methodology: The policy agenda for integrating ODA projects is identified through a Delphi survey involving 30 distinguished experts in the field of international development cooperation. The survey assesses the importance, urgency, and feasibility of each agenda item.
 Result: External factors are more urgent compared to internal factors, but they are not considered more important or highly feasible. The high-priority policy tasks include facilitating adequate discussions on supply and demand between donor and recipient countries (partner countries), enhancing cooperation with relevant departments/agencies in recipient countries, and improving the project management capacity of Korean specialized institutions.
 Conclusion and Implication: These results are expected to contribute to the development of related policies and program design based on the integrated approach. Furthermore, this research can contribute to the formulation of relevant national policies and enhance the national brand.

MONITORING OF GLACIERS ON HORSESHOE ISLAND, ANTARCTICA BASED ON A DEEP LEARNING APPROACH FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION ORTHOPHOTOS (TAE-6 & TAE-7)

Abstract. Global climate change is a phenomenon that seriously affects the balance of a wide variety of ecosystems and is the intense focus of climate scientists and environmental researchers. In this context, periodic monitoring of glacier areas in terms of a better understanding of atmosphere-ocean interactions; thus, predicting the effects of climate change and planning against future threats by evaluating environmental impacts is an important research area. Especially the polar regions, where the melting of glaciers and the rise of sea levels are visibly observed, are important for climate scientists in providing crucial observations to understand and predict global climate change. In this study, within the scope of the international bilateral cooperation project carried out in cooperation with Istanbul Technical University (ITU) and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) (Project No: 121N033), the spatial changes in snow/glacier areas obtained from UAV Photogrammetry products generated during the 6th and 7th Antarctic National Science Expeditions. Snow/glacier areas were segmented with the K-Net deep learning approach which has been previously tested for accuracy and provides glacier mapping with accuracy metrics over 99%, on the high spatial resolution orthophotos produced during the two periods. The snow/glacier areas difference between the two periods were calculated and compared and water bodies which are critical areas, were specifically examined. The result of this comparison shows that the glacier area decreased by approximately 11% in just 1 year. However, to better understand these changes in snow/glacier areas, the region needs to be observed closely for longer time periods. It is thought that future studies will contribute to efforts to manage global environmental impacts and cope with climate change by focusing on monitoring and better understanding changes in these critical regions.

Preliminary risk assessment of in-vessel leakage accident in ITER

The ITER project is one of the largest international cooperative scientific projects in the world, aiming to verify the feasibility of magnetic confinement controlled nuclear fusion technology and provide a technical basis for the subsequent construction of fusion energy power stations. The success or failure of ITER will greatly affect the commercialization process of fusion energy. The probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) was a powerful means to evaluate the risk and reliability of nuclear facility and achieved great success in safety assessment of fission power plants. Based on this, the PSA progress for ITER was proposed in this paper. And the in-vessel leakage accident was investigated to verify the effectiveness of proposed method. The result shows the maximum possible radiological consequences of ITER in-vessel leakage accident of ITER is 1.6E−3 mSv, and the frequencies of this consequence is 1.63E−8/year. The reason of this consequence was also discussed in this paper. Those result could provide some valuable reference for radiation risk assessment and safety supervision of fusion commercial reactor in the nuclear future.

La tutela formale del patrimonio architettonico modermo: la Facultad de Arte Teatral della Universidad de Las Artes dell’Avana.

The international cooperation project between Italy and Cuba, ¡Que no baje el telón! is aimed at the restoration and functional recovery of the Facultad de Arte Teatral of the Universidad de las Artes in La Havana (Cuba). The project has made possible to address the delicate issue of relationship between the work of the conservator, the will of the author of the work and the artefact itself. Despite the existence of specific provisions of the law, the formal protection of modern and contemporary architecture (in the absence or in the presence of restrictions) is a delicate operation. Those people called to intervene must have the capability to manage an articulated set of premises, from the state of conservation of the building to the needs of the community that uses it.

MECHANISMS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR USE BY THE ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In a turbulent economic macro-environment, to ensure sustainable development of the state and its regions, classical commodity exchange operations are being reformatted both through changing basic partners, changing the geography of markets and product lines, and through intensifying the launch of new multinational production projects that make it possible to compensate for the loss of part of foreign supplies in the format of import substitution , generate innovative solutions based on synergy that become domestic intellectual property. The Republic of Tatarstan is one of the supporting regions of the Russian Federation, a leader in many macroeconomic indicators, investment attractiveness and quality of life. Its developments in the field of international relations and trade are analyzed from the standpoint of efficiency, features of the work of infrastructure elements, such as special economic zones, foreign representative offices, business missions, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Investment Development Agency, and the Export Support Center. Conclusions are drawn about the intensification of all types of cooperation with the People's Republic of China, countries of the Muslim world and with various countries of the EAEU and the CIS, indicating the determining role of the economic structure of all partners, including the presence of preferential regimes of interaction. If increasing global trade turnover is clearly a positive process, then the selection of international industrial cooperation projects should be accompanied by in-depth business analysis of the complementarity of the goals and capabilities of the countries participating in industrial cooperation. Another important conclusion is the need to analyze the potential of Russian regions to identify opportunities for scaling the experience of Tatarstan - the presence of a foundation of industrial cooperation that is mutually beneficial for all parties and infrastructure that ensures the effectiveness of international cooperation. Differences between the Russian and regional economy as its meso-level may lead to an unsuccessful attempt to scale the best practices of the Republic of Tatarstan. In this regard, it is proposed to create a system for connecting part of the regions of the Russian Federation to the channels of international cooperation created in the Republic of Tatarstan to enhance interaction primarily with partners from the countries of the Islamic world.

On the status quo of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in autumn 2023

The United Nations Organization is a project of international peace cooperation undertaken by the peaceful nations of the world, which have learned from history. Throughout its history, this global international organisation has prevented many international armed conflicts, avoided many and ended many. Despite the enormous human, moral and material sacrifices of all the wars fought around the world, it is clear that a part of the world’s human population has not yet learned the lessons of the history of wars. The persistence of war conflicts between nations in the 21st century is a testimony to this fact. One of the most recent armed conflicts to erupt and threaten the entire world is the genocidal war waged between the Palestinian-Arab organisation Hamas and the State of Israel. This article highlights some of the stages of its emergence, its course and its possible implications for the world peace.

대북한 교통물류인프라 구축 협력 방향성에 관한 연구

Purpose: This paper examines the directions of effective inter-Korean transportation infrastructure cooperation in terms of securing mutual benefits, such as North Korea's economic development and inter-Korean economic cooperation, avoiding unilateral support from South Korea.
 Research design, data, and methodology: The examination is based on a qualitative research methodology through a literature review.
 Results: Future inter-Korean transportation infrastructure cooperation should be supported through international cooperation and multilateral projects that transcend the differences between North and South Korea in their regimes and economic conditions. Considerations must include regional arrangements, such as industrial, production, and regional development in North Korea, and links with economic development zones; alignment with South Korea's transportation and logistics policy on the Korean Peninsula; and maintenance of ports, railways, and roads, taking into account the topographical characteristics of North Korea and the role required for each stage of development for North Korean industry.
 Conclusions: Unilateral cooperation between North and South Korea based on traditional nationalism has reached its limits. It is time for North and South Korea to focus on internal integration to secure mutual benefits while exploring and implementing ways to attract external support and cooperation from the international community.

Inclusive Technology-mediated School-family Communication in Contexts of Social Violence: A Proposal for Guidelines for Schools and Families in Gaza

I-CAN: Independence, Capability, Autonomy, iNclusion was an international cooperation project run in 2018-2021, which involved 15 selected Gaza Strip’s schools, whose objective was to promote the full inclusion of people with disabilities. The project was articulated in two main actions: the first was the establishment of an “Holistic and Innovative Centre”, created to support educators and families in the promotion of initiatives directed at building inclusive communities; the second was a qualitative research, which explored the implications that the lockdown and the forced transition towards technology-mediated communication had on school-family relationship.

Adaptation of corporate model of ukrainian aircraft product life cycle to the international methodology of systems engineering

Problems. Under the present-day conditions, the preservation of competences of Ukrainian aircraft construction enterprises will be determined by the possibility of enterprises attracting to participation in international cooperation programs and projects. But this is possible only on the condition of prior harmonization of the product development methodology adopted in Ukrainian aircraft construction to that used in the international aircraft construction projects. Purose. The main goal of this article is to determine the ability and ways of adapting the corporate model of life cycle of aircraft engineering projects by Ukrainian aircraft construction enterprises to modern global aircraft construction practices. Implementation methodology. The research methodology predicted the identification of the main modern trends in the field of system engineering for the creation of a science-intensive product, as well as the analysis of concepts of presenting the life cycle of complex technical systems in international regulatory documents, industry regulations, guidelines and other information sources. Criteria for perspective of using the identified informational and normative sources as close analogues for the development of one's own corporate model of life cycle of an aircraft construction product were identified. On the basis of the criterion analysis of researched concepts of the life cycle of complex technical systems representing, the requirements were formed, which formed the basis of the concept of one's own corporate model of life cycle of the aircraft construction product. The results. The result of conducted research was the proposed concept of a corporate model of the life cycle of an aircraft construction product manufactured in Ukraine, which takes into account the international experience and best practices of leading aircraft construction companies, including focusing on the experience accumulated by domestic aircraft manufacturers. Conclusions. According to the results of analysis of advanced world practices in the field of creating a science-intensive product, an own corporate model of the life cycle of an aircraft product manufactured in Ukraine was proposed. In the future, on the basis of this model, a system for creating an aircraft product can be built and developed, which will be harmonized with existing world practices and will allow the domestic aircraft construction enterprises to fight for participation in international programs and projects.

MAJOR PLATFORMS OF INTER-BLOC KNOW-HOW EXCHANGE IN THE 1950s AND 1960s IN THE CASE OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Through the case study of Czechoslovakia, this article analyses the main platforms through which projects of economic and scientific-technical cooperation between the two sides of the Iron Curtain were implemented in the 1950s and 1960s. The emphasis is placed on mapping the changes that each platform of East-West cooperation underwent over time and on characterizing the impact that these transformations had on the development of international cooperation. In the first place, the role of conferences and scientific-technical societies is examined. In addition, considerable space is also devoted to the rediscovery of the long-overlooked international fairs and inter-company visits that allowed face-to-face contact between experts in the environment of industrial plants and laboratories. The analysis of the role and development of the various platforms of inter-bloc cooperation draws heavily on the archives of Czechoslovak industrial ministries. In addition, the testimonies of individual scientists and experts who participated in international cooperation projects in the 1950s and 1960s provide important support for the article. Although the emphasis of the analysis is on the case study of the Czechoslovak economy, its connection to other member states of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance requires that the Czechoslovak experience be placed in the broader framework of the pan-socialist milieu.

Advective gas flow in bentonite: Development and comparison of enhanced multi-phase numerical approaches

Understanding the impact of repository gas, generated from degradation of waste and its interaction with the host rock, is essential when assessing the performance and safety function of long-term disposal systems for radioactive waste. Numerical models based on conventional multi-phase flow theory have historically been applied to predict the outcome and impact of gas flow on different repository components. However, they remain unable to describe the full complexity of the physical processes observed in water-saturated experiments (e.g., creation of dilatant pathways) and thus, the development of novel representations for their description is required when assessing fully saturated clay-based systems. This was the primary focus of Task A within the international cooperative project DECOVALEX-2019 (D-2019) and refinement of these approaches is the primary focus of this study (Task B in the current phase of DECOVALEX-2023).This paper summarises development of enhanced numerical representations of key processes and compares the performance of each model against high-quality laboratory test data. Experimental data reveals that gas percolation in water-saturated compacted bentonite is characterised by four key features: (i) a quiescence phase, followed by (ii) the gas breakthrough, which leads to a (iii) peak value, which is then followed by (iv) a negative decay. Three models based on the multiphase flow theory have been developed. These models can provide good initial values and reasonable responses for gas breakthrough (although some of them still predict a too-smooth response). Peak gas pressure values are in general reasonably well captured, although maximum radial stress differences are observed at 48 mm from the base of the sample. Here, numerical peak values of 12.8 MPa are predicted, whereas experimental values are about 11 MPa. These models are also capable of providing a reasonable representation of the negative pressure decay following peak pressure. However, other key specific features (such as the timing of gas breakthrough) still require a better representation. The model simulations and their comparison with experimental data show that these models need to be further improved with respect to model parameter calibration, the numerical representation of spatial heterogeneities in material properties and flow localisation, and the upscaling of the related physical processes and parameters. To further understand gas flow localisation, a new conceptual model has been developed, which shows that discrete channels can possibly be induced through the instability of gas-bentonite interface during gas injection, thus providing a new perspective for modeling gas percolation in low-permeability deformable media.

ESG Sustainable Evaluation of the Silk Road on Ice Based on Entropy Weight TOPSIS Method

As an international economic and trade cooperation project, "Ice Silk Road" is of excellent research significance to the sustainable development construction strategy proposed by China. Based on the ESG sustainable evaluation framework, this paper constructs a sustainable evaluation index system for the "Ice Silk Road" project from three dimensions: society, environment and governance. Then, the entropy weight method and TOPSIS model were used to sort and evaluate the sustainable development performance of relevant countries along the "Ice Silk Road" project from 2013 to 2019, and suggestions were put forward for the research on ESG sustainable development construction of the "Ice Silk Road" project. The results showed that the environmental dimension accounted for a large part of the sustainable development performance from 2013 to 2019, and there were differences in the level of sustainable development infrastructure construction among countries along the "Ice Silk Road" project. Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Japan and the United Kingdom ranked top in comprehensive strength. Denmark, Norway and South Korea have the highest level of sustainable development, while China has the lowest overall score, but China has a large room for improvement in the future from the social and environmental dimensions of development; China needs to strengthen exchanges and cooperation to promote the sustainable development of the "Ice Silk Road" project.

Um pouco mais de calma

In this article, we analyze contradictions, complexities, limits, and potentialities of internationalization of higher education (IHE) from Latin American decolonial perspectives. We argue that even when scholars may be holding decolonial critiques and aspirations towards IHE, the structures of universities are heavily influenced by colonial legacies, undermining the potentialities of decolonization. We pay special attention to those initiatives that apparently promise a decolonial exit, because they may be acting as traps, or what we called trampas (in Spanish). In this article, we particularly analyze the initiatives that are frequently seen as projects that deviated from the hegemonic discourses of internationalization: i) South-South international higher education cooperation projects, ii) policies and projects that seek to address colonial legacies, and iii) teaching and researching committed with decolonial intentions. In the end, we invite readers, practitioners and scholars alike, to welcome the contradictions we face in such work and not to lose sight of the ongoing, relational, and hyperreflective character of any project that aims to be an alternative to coloniality.

Simulate the current dynamics process and predict the trajectory of plastic waste flowing out to sea from estuaries in the Gulf of Tonkin

This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation of flow dynamics in the northern Vietnam Sea. Based on these results, the trajectories of plastic waste from river mouths in the northern Vietnam Sea are predicted. The numerical simulation is based on the ROMS model for the northern Vietnam Sea and surrounding areas, in combination with data collected from a Vietnam-France international cooperation project (Study, evaluation, and prediction of the transport and dispersion of small plastic waste in the Van Uc River mouth area). The dynamic regime of the study area is considered to simulate the main wind seasons. The results show that the flow field in the Northern Vietnam Sea follows the tidal phases. In the rising tide phase, the general trend is for the flow to move from the south to the north. Conversely, in the falling tide phase, the general trend is for the flow to move from the north to the south. The flow speed in the tidal phases is largest at about 65-70 cm/s and smallest at about 5-10 cm/s. The much larger surrounding area outside the Northern Vietnam Sea has a very complex flow field, with many different flow areas and vortices. There is a belt of vortices that extends for hundreds of kilometers, with an average flow speed that is higher than the flow in the Northern Vietnam sea. Based on the flow field and the frequency of occurrence in the area near the Vietnamese coast where rivers flow out, the frequency of flow flowers are used to predict the trajectories of plastic waste from river mouths into the sea. The results of the calculations and predictions, when compared with the actual data, show good agreement.