Point Projection Research Articles

Replenishing the malaria drug discovery pipeline: Screening and hit evaluation of the MMV Hit Generation Library 1 (HGL1) against asexual blood stage Plasmodium falciparum, using a nano luciferase reporter read-out.

A central challenge of antimalarial therapy is the emergence of resistance to the components of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and the urgent need for new drugs acting through novel mechanism of action. Over the last decade, compounds identified in phenotypic high throughput screens (HTS) have provided the starting point for six candidate drugs currently in the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) clinical development portfolio. However, the published screening data which provided much of the new chemical matter for malaria drug discovery projects have been extensively mined. Here we present a new screening and selection cascade for generation of hit compounds active against the blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, we validate our approach by testing a library of 141,786 compounds not reported earlier as being tested against malaria. The Hit Generation Library 1 (HGL1) was designed to maximise the chemical diversity and novelty of compounds with physicochemical properties associated with potential for further development. A robust HTS cascade containing orthogonal efficacy and cytotoxicity assays, including a newly developed and validated nanoluciferase-based assay was used to profile the compounds. 75 compounds (Screening Active hit rate of 0.05%) were identified meeting our stringent selection criteria of potency in drug sensitive (NF54) and drug resistant (Dd2) parasite strains (IC50 ≤ 2 µM), rapid speed of action and cell viability in HepG2 cells (IC50 ≥ 10 µM). Following further profiling, 33 compounds were identified that meet the MMV Confirmed Active profile and are high quality starting points for new antimalarial drug discovery projects.

The Challenge of Engaging Communities on Hidden Risks: Co-developing a Framework for Adaptive Participatory Storytelling Approaches (APSA)

The transdisciplinary Drought Risk and You (DRY) project aimed to interweave storytelling and science as a way of increasing the different voices and types of knowledge (specialist, local) within drought risk decision-making in the UK. This paper critically reflects on our emergent process of drawing across different methodologies to create Adaptive Participatory Storytelling Approaches (APSA). APSA enable more tailoring to people and setting than existing methods, recognizing the specificity of local risk contexts and communities, and in terms of social dynamics, cultural values and local knowledge. APSA are situated, storytelling methodologies applied in the social sciences and arts/humanities, giving strong attention to meaningful participation and sustainable coproduction in both process and outputs. The paper offers other researchers and practitioners insights into working with APSA as a suite of creative storytelling options prioritizing methodological principles of active listening and adapting. APSA require creative thinking along multiple spectra, including how to balance different axes in APSA including: topic (drought risk)-focused with topic (drought risk)-peripheral or oblique, participant-led with researcher-led, and visualization-led with audio-led. We reflect on the challenges, opportunities and values of co-working with APSA, and offer a flexible framework for its application and iterative evaluation embedded through the process. We propose this as a starting point for other transdisciplinary projects to tackle themes that prove difficult for communities to connect with during community-engaged research, in this case, hidden risks like drought and climate change. This is timely given the power and mounting popularity of storytelling for behavior change, research insight and policy, and the need to capture and share different knowledges for climate resilience.

Expanded Design between Design Activism and Collectible Design

The last three decades have witnessed in Europe an increasing interest from institutions, and creative communities in independent research connected to crafting, DIY, maker culture, and design activism. A new generation of designers has focused on the experimentation of processes, materials, and technologies used as a vehicle for socio-political and environmental messages and as the starting point of solid narrative projects. This paper aims to analyse this phenomenon inside the niche of Collectible Design, a field in recent years of great interest by galleries and institutions for its ability to embrace material and technological research as well as craftsmanship and art. We investigate the phenomenon, through a series of interviews with designers such as Shahar Livne, Eugenia Morpurgo, Pleun van Dijk, Tellurico, and Standard 404, selected for their ability to use experimental materials and technologies, as communicative media for reflections on systemic issues.

Illuminating Transparency in Digital Historical Visualizations: Notre-Dame of Paris, St Stephen’s of Westminster, and Visualizing Venice

Illuminating Transparency in Digital Historical Visualizations: Notre-Dame of Paris, St Stephen’s of Westminster, and Visualizing Venice

Recognizing Slanted Deck Scenes by Non-Manhattan Spatial Right Angle Projection

Recognizing slanted deck scenes is crucial to security monitoring for protecting ships and making them behave smartly resilient. However, there are multitude of diverse structures that are designed as slanted planes due to rough maritime environments. Traditional methods for scene understanding from 3D point clouds or RGB-D data are energy-consuming and memory intensive, which makes those models less reliable in a resource-constrained system of limited compute, memory, and energy resources on ships. In this study, we present an approach to understanding deck scenes, including slanted structures, using a low-cost monocular camera without prior training. New clusters of slanted angle projections are extracted. The vanishing points of slanted non-Manhattan angle projections are estimated. These slanted planes can be reshaped by compositions of non-Manhattan angle projections. Combined with Manhattan planes, a deck scene can be approximated by Manhattan and non-Manhattan planes. Unlike deep learning-based algorithms, this approach requires no prior training or knowledge of the camera’s internal parameters. Experimental results demonstrated that the method can successfully elucidate diverse elements, including slanted structures, meeting safety monitoring requirements using a resource-constrained monocular camera in a deck environment.

This video is going to show you how it works to identify the target nodule by using positioning method of 3D localization based on anatomical landmarks. A 71 years old male patient with a mixed ground glass nodule was found in the lower lobe of left lung. First, the head of the transverse process of the vertebral body as point

This video is going to show you how it works to identify the target nodule by using positioning method of 3D localization based on anatomical landmarks. A 71 years old male patient with a mixed ground glass nodule was found in the lower lobe of left lung. First, the head of the transverse process of the vertebral body as point

Improved blur circle detection method for geometric calibration of multifocus light field cameras

Multifocus light field cameras are increasingly gaining attention in the field of computational imaging and machine vision due to their ability to capture spatial and angular information of light rays. Accurate calibration of the geometric parameters of multifocus light field cameras is the prerequisite for implementing computational imaging techniques, such as digital refocusing, depth reconstruction, and three-dimensional reconstruction. We propose an improved blur circle detection method for the calibration of multifocus light field cameras. The circular Hough transform-based circle detection method is used to obtain the subimage centers accurately in white raw images. On this basis, the subimages in the checkerboard images are classified, and the image corners are detected to determine the clusters of image corners corresponding to checkerboard corners. Then, the centers of plenoptic disc features are used as projection points of checkerboard corners on the light field image to calculate the camera pose. Levenberg–Marquardt method is further used to solve the calibration model. Finally, the calibration experiments of multifocus light field cameras are carried out to evaluate the improved blur circle detection method. Experimental results indicated that the improved blur circle detection method has higher calibration accuracy of multifocus light field camera than the blur circle detection method, while the mean reprojection error of the microlens centers and the image corners are 0.12 and 0.33 pixels, and the mean relative distance error between adjacent checkerboards is 2.53%.

Saturation and vanishing ideals

We consider an homogeneous ideal I in the polynomial ring \(S=K[x_1,\dots ,\) \(x_m]\) over a finite field \(K={\mathbb {F}}_q\) and the finite set of projective rational points \({{\mathbb {X}}}\) that it defines in the projective space \({{\mathbb {P}}}^{m-1}\). We concern ourselves with the problem of computing the vanishing ideal \(I({{\mathbb {X}}})\). This is usually done by adding the equations of the projective space \(I({{\mathbb {P}}}^{m-1})\) to I and computing the radical. We give an alternative and more efficient way using the saturation with respect to the homogeneous maximal ideal.

Orthorectification of Fisheye Image under Equidistant Projection Model

The fisheye camera, with its large viewing angle, can acquire more spatial information in one shot and is widely used in many fields. However, a fisheye image contains large distortion, resulting in that many scholars have investigated its accuracy of orthorectification, i.e., generation of digital orthophoto map (DOM). This paper presents an orthorectification method, which first determines the transformation relationship between the fisheye image points and the perspective projection points according to the equidistant projection model, i.e., determines the spherical distortion of the fisheye image; then introduces the transformation relationship and the fisheye camera distortion model into the collinearity equation to derive the fisheye image orthorectification model. To verify the proposed method, high accuracy of the fisheye camera 3D calibration field is established to obtain the interior and exterior orientation parameters (IOPs/EOPs) and distortion parameters of the fisheye lens. Three experiments are used to verify the proposed orthorectification method. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the three DOMs are averagely 0.003 m, 0.29 m, and 0.61 m, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is correct and effective.

Geometric prior of multi-resolution yielding manifolds and the local closest point projection for nearly non-smooth plasticity

Elastoplasticity models often introduce a scalar-valued yield function to implicitly represent the boundary between elastic and plastic material states. This paper introduces a new alternative where the yield envelope is represented by a manifold of which the topology and the geometry are learned from a set of data points in a parametric space (e.g. principal stress space, π-plane). Here, deep geometric learning enables us to reconstruct a highly complex yield envelope by breaking it down into multiple coordinate charts. The global atlas that consists of these coordinate charts in return allows us to represent the yield surface via multiple overlapping patches, each with a specific local parametrization. This setup provides several advantages over the classical implicit function representation approach. For instance, the availability of coordinate charts enables us to introduce an alternative stress integration algorithm where the trial stress may project directly on a local patch and hence circumvent the issues related to non-smoothness and the lack of convexity of yield surfaces. Meanwhile, the local parametric approach also enables us to predict hardening/softening locally in the parametric space, even without complete knowledge of the yield surface. Comparisons between the classical yield function approach on the non-smooth plasticity and anisotropic cam-clay plasticity model are provided to demonstrate the capacity of the models for highly precise yield surface and the feasibility of the implementation of the learned model in the local stress integration algorithm.

Characterization of Innovation to Fight Child Mortality: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Objectives: This study aims to summarize how child mortality—a Sustainable Development Goal stated by the United Nations—has been explicitly addressed in the context of innovations. Methods: A scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR Statement was performed analysing indexed and non-indexed literature. Results: Empirical and non-disruptive innovation in the context of process targeting under-five mortality rate was the main subset of literature included in this article. The increment of literature on innovation in the context of SDGs over the last years denotes its growing importance and even though innovation aiming to reduce child mortality is currently being done, a significant part of it is not published in indexed databases but as grey literature. Conclusion: Empirical, disruptive innovation under a structural approach and empirical, non-disruptive innovation under a project point of view are the main types of innovation addressed in the literature and would be of utmost potential to reduce child mortality rate. A systematic review of the methods used for the measures of evaluation of applied innovations, their quality and results would be of great importance in the future.

Reply: Do High-Projection Shaped Breast Implants Offer An Effective Alternative to Augmentation/Mastopexy?

We appreciate Dr. Swanson’s letter regarding our article, “Breast Augmentation with Microtextured Anatomical Implants in 653 Women: Indications and Risk of Rotation.”1 We agree with Dr. Swanson that breast augmentation with high-projection anatomical implants cannot replace the mastopexy procedure. It would be wrong to offer a breast augmentation without a mastopexy to patients with severe ptosis who wish a substantial lift of the nipple-areola complex. However, we do believe that breast augmentation with anatomical implants is a valuable alternative to augmentation-mastopexy in a subgroup of women with glandular ptosis and a low position of the nipple-areola complex. These patients can benefit from smaller scars, less extensive surgery without the risk of nipple necrosis,2,3 and a lower cost but at the expense of lowering the inframammary fold.4 We attribute the benefit of anatomical implants in this selected group of patients with a low position of the nipple-areola complex to the shorter arch from the lower pole of the implant to the point of maximum projection compared with round implants, which limits the lowering of the inframammary fold.5 Our study is limited by the retrospective design with the lack of a standardized measurement tool, but it is strengthened by the large sample size, and it provides the readers with data on the reoperation rate due to malrotation of the implant. Dr. Swanson correctly states that our discussion of the beneficial properties of anatomical implants is based on first principles. We thank Dr. Swanson for adding the horizontal line to Figure 3 from the original article, as we think it illustrates the elevation of the nipple very well. On the left preoperative photograph, the line tangent is on the nipples’ superior border, whereas the line tangent is on the nipples’ inferior border on the right postoperative photograph. More importantly, there is less slack and more “breast” below the level of the nipple even though this comes at the expense of lowering the inframammary fold. We hypothesize that this type of patient is better treated with anatomical implants than with round implants if the augmentation is not accompanied by a mastopexy. However, this hypothesis needs to be tested against a control group before a firmer conclusion can be made. Regarding the implant rotation rate, we used the rate of reoperation, which was free of charge for the patients. We did not use diagnostic imaging to detect implant rotation because of the retrospective design of our study. We found an approximately 3 percent rotation rate requiring reoperation for microtextured implants, which is comparable to the incidence reported in the literature for macrotextured implants.1,6–8 As Dr. Swanson points out, this rate is almost certainly an underestimation as some patients might not detect a malrotation or may not want to go through revisional surgery even though this is free of charge. Sieber et al.9 reported a rotation rate of 42 percent when using high-resolution ultrasound but only 5 percent were clinically detectable. This vast difference between the imaging and the clinically observable malrotation makes it arguably more clinically relevant for both surgeons and patients to use the rate of clinically observable malrotation or the reoperation rate, when considering anatomical implants. We agree with Dr. Swanson that since the submission of our manuscript there have been more reported cases of breast implant–associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and the link to macrotextured implants is stronger.10 However, the current risk estimates are still very uncertain due to the low number of cases and the poorly reported medical history of each case.11 In our experience, patients are tolerant to the low risk of breast implant–associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma associated with Siltex (Mentor, Irvine, Calif.) texturization, and most of the patients in our clinic prefer round Siltex implants over round smooth implants. In conclusion, we agree with Dr. Swanson that, as we mentioned in the Discussion section of our article, breast augmentation with high-profile anatomical implants cannot replace augmentation-mastopexy. We agree that women who emphasize lifting the nipple should be offered an augmentation-mastopexy. However, we suggest breast augmentation with high-projection anatomical implants is a valuable alternative to augmentation-mastopexy in a selected group of women with glandular ptosis who prefer a lowering of the inframammary fold over the scars that accompany a mastopexy. DISCLOSURE The authors have no financial interest in any of the products or devices mentioned in this communication. Tim K. Weltz, B.M.Sc.Andreas Larsen, M.D.Mathilde N. Hemmingsen, M.D.Mathias Ørholt, M.D.Louise E. Rasmussen, B.M.Sc.Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns TreatmentCopenhagen University HospitalRigshospitalet Peter S. Andersen, M.D.Faye Sarmady, M.D.Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns TreatmentCopenhagen University HospitalRigshospitaletAmalieklinikken Jens J. Elberg, M.D.Amalieklinikken Peter V. Vester-Glowinski, M.D., Ph.D.Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns TreatmentCopenhagen University HospitalRigshospitalet Mikkel Herly, M.D.Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns TreatmentCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletDepartment of Immunology and MicrobiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark

Investigations of Thermal Deformation Based on the Monitoring System of Tianma 13.2 m VGOS Telescope

The thermal expansion of radio telescopes has been recognized as a significant systematic error in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data analysis. Although the thermal expansion model recommended by International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Conventions 2010 can achieve millimeter accuracy for the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) routine telescopes, both the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020 (ITRF2020) in preparation and the VLBI2010 project encourage the scientific community to reconsider its modeling. To this end, we developed a monitoring system for the Tianma 13.2 m VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) telescope. Based on the observed data, we refined the IERS expansion model, with results showing that the accuracy of our modified model was improved by 1.9 times. It suggested that the IERS thermal expansion model can achieve the declared millimeter accuracy, and refining its modeling can meet the requirement of 0.3 mm rms stability of the VGOS antenna reference point for the VLBI2010 project.

Localization of the nerves innervating the pelvic floor muscles: An application to pelvic pain treatment.

The aim of this study was to achieve accurate localization of the body surface position and depth of the center of the intramuscular nerve dense region (CINDR) of the pelvic floor muscles and to establish a target site for treating pelvic floor muscle spasm or weakness. Thirty-six adult cadavers were studied in the prone position. To locate the CINDR of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles, horizontal (H) and longitudinal (L) reference lines were used. Sihler's staining revealed the intramuscular nerve dense region of the pelvic floor muscles. The CINDR was labeled with barium sulfate and spiral computed tomography scanning, and three-dimensional reconstructions were obtained. The anterior and posterior CINDR projection points (P and P'), the position of point P projected on to the H and L lines (PH and PL ), and the CINDR depth were determined using the Syngo system. The PH of the CINDR of the levator ani and the coccygeus muscle were located at (24.73 ± 0.17)% and (15.93 ± 0.31)% of the H line, respectively. The PL were located at (84.30 ± 2.47)% and (6.76 ± 0.93)% of the L line. The puncture depth of the levator ani muscle was located at (5.56 ± 0.53) cm, and the depth of the coccygeus muscle at (22.08 ± 2.11)% of the PP' line. The body surface position and depth of the CINDR of the pelvic floor muscles were conducive to locating the target more efficiently and enhancing the efficacy of botulinum toxin A injection for treating pelvic floor muscle spasm and weakness with electrical stimulation or biofeedback.

Defining success in community-university partnerships: lessons learned from Flint

ABSTRACT The success of responsible research and innovation (RRI) work is as much about the process of partnership as it is about the products and outcomes. In this paper, we present lessons learned from the first three years of a participatory modeling (PM) research project based on RRI principles and focused on the transformation of the food system in Flint, Michigan through identification of leverage points. Participatory modeling is a type of community engaged research that seeks to build representations of a system collaboratively between researchers, decision-makers, and community members. We discuss the challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned from the Flint Leverage Points Project (FLPP) using the four ‘Ps’ framework–purpose, processes, partnerships and products. We argue a carefully designed participatory modeling process can serve to build lasting partnerships across community-university boundaries.

Double-lens scintillometry: the variable scintillation of pulsar B1508 + 55

ABSTRACT We report on observations of PSR B1508 + 55’s scintillation at the Effelsberg 100-m telescope spanning from early 2020 to early 2022. In the autumn of 2020, close to the time the pulsar was predicted to cross echoes in its pulse profile, a sudden transition in the scintillation arcs from peculiar stripe-like features to parabolic arclets was observed. To infer a geometric model of the scattering, we measure the effects of the annual velocity curve of Earth, of the relative movement of the line of sight, and of the projection of points on a second scattering screen and develop novel methods to do so. The latter phenomenon was discovered by this study and strongly indicates a two-screen scattering geometry. We derive an analytical two-screen model and demonstrate in a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis as well as simulations that it can be successfully applied to explain the observations by interpreting the transition as a change of relative amplitudes of images as well as a shift in the orientation of anisotropy. The collection of methods, we demonstrate here is transferable to other pulsars with the potential to strongly improve constraints on scattering models.

Android Application for Finding Local Jobs

Abstract: The development of Technology has prompted a reality where everybody is associated just by means of PCs, cell phones and tablets. Subsequently has caused world to appear to be more modest. That one creation that rolled out an extraordinary improvement in the loves of individuals are PDAs. The variable that makes cell phone a savvy gadget are portable applications. Different applications fill different needs as per the need. Inspite of extensive variety of utilization accessible, not many areas actually need utilizing this innovation. One such areas is opportunity in requests for employment of limited scope industry. The conventional approach to advising position in these areas are through news papers or releases. Consequently this, project points planning an application for the gig searchers and suppliers of the limited scale industry. Another area that need are local area level association's. As people group develops keeping up with the record of the individuals gets dreary. At present little local area keep up with records of their individuals like individual informations, phone records, and so on mannually in a register. Every one of these data could be only a tick away when put togther in one application. This undertaking points in planning one such application.

Towards an Enrichment Optimization Algorithm (EOA)-based Target Specific Docking Functions for Virtual Screening.

Docking-based virtual screening (VS) is a common starting point in many drug discovery projects. While ligand-based approaches may sometimes provide better results, the advantage of docking lies in its ability to provide reliable ligand binding modes and approximated binding free energies, two factors that are important for hit selection and optimization. Most docking programs were developed to be as general as possible and consequently their performances on specific targets may be sub-optimal. With this in mind, in this work we present a method for the development of target-specific scoring functions using our recently reported Enrichment Optimization Algorithm (EOA). EOA derives QSAR models in the form of multiple linear regression (MLR) equations by optimizing an enrichment-like metric. Since EOA requires target-specific active and inactive (or decoy) compounds, we retrieved such data for six targets from the DUD-E database, and used them to re-derive the weights associated with the components that make up GOLD's ChemPLP scoring function yielding target-specific, modified functions. We then used the original ChemPLP function in small-scale VS experiments on the six targets and subsequently rescored the resulting poses with the modified functions. In addition, we used the modified functions for compounds re-docking. We found that in many although not all cases, either rescoring the original ChemPLP poses or repeating the entire docking process with the modified functions, yielded better results in terms of AUC and EF1% , two metrics, common for the evaluation of VS performances. While work on additional datasets and docking tools is clearly required, we propose that the results obtained thus far hint to the potential benefits in using EOA-based optimization for the derivation of target-specific functions in the context of virtual screening. To this end, we discuss the downsides of the methods and how it could be improved.

A Blended Finance Framework for Heritage-Led Urban Regeneration

The inclusion of heritage conservation in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for 2030, target 11.4, stimulated a broad dialogue among heritage conservation practitioners intent on framing a meaningful role for heritage assets in historic built environments as contributors to sustainable development. Heritage-led regeneration positively impacts many aspects of society, community life, and the public realm, and can also play an important role in reaching zero-carbon environmental conservation goals by slowing the extraction of natural resources for construction, reducing the quantity of building materials sent to landfills, and using traditional technologies and knowledge to reduce operational energy use. Heritage regeneration can also be a strong contributor to economic growth, as restored and reused properties create wealth, serve as community social magnets, and attract prestige and visitors. However, there is little progress towards positioning heritage conservation as a focal point for multilateral public-private co-financing projects and partnerships. In 2021, the Cultural Heritage Finance Alliance (CHiFA) published research about successful models of urban heritage regeneration that engage public-private cooperation. CHiFA now presents a process, developed as part of a study commissioned by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for advancing projects that maximize investment in heritage-led urban regeneration, matching financing strategies with local opportunities, legal frameworks, enabling tools, and the requirements of prospective investors. The result is a marketplace and ecosystem that support civic and community interests through long-term, multi-party collaboration using blended capital investment in heritage as a sustainable development strategy.

Optical SCMA coding technique based on fully interleaved 3D codebook

In the paper, an optical Sparse code division multiple access (SCMA) coding technique based on fully interleaved 3D codebook is proposed. We design a completely interleaved 3D codebook, the projection of all constellation points in the joint constellation on the XY, XZ and YZ planes are all interleaved, which is beneficial for making the complexity of message passing algorithm (MPA) lower. We used 3D amplitude and phase modulation (3D-CAP) to modulate 3D-SCMA signal, and then transmitted the signal with 7-core fiber. The feasibility of 3D-SCMA is proved by experiments. Our proposed 3D-SCMA has the same resource block efficiency as traditional two-dimensional SCMA: 150%. Due to the larger Euclidean distance of the 3D joint constellation, 3D-SCMA has lower decoding complexity and better reception sensitivity. Compared with 2D-SCMA, the complexity of 3D-SCMA is 66.66% lower and the receiving sensitivity is 3.5 dBm higher, which indicates that it not only reduces the complexity of the MPA algorithm, but also reduces the energy consumption of the system and saves the transmission cost. In this paper, optical 3D-SCMA is proposed creatively, which is an effective improvement on the traditional optical 2D-SCMA. This research can be applied in the future access network.