Illuminating Transparency in Digital Historical Visualizations: Notre-Dame of Paris, St Stephen’s of Westminster, and Visualizing Venice

To explore the significance of digital three-dimensional reconstruction techniques in the diagnosis of female pelvic mass. Original computed tomographic angiography (CTA) datasets of 72 patients with pelvic mass who were hospitalized in Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University from October 2009 to October 2012 were collected. All cases were undergone the B-mode ultrasound and CTA examination, the datasets were input into the Mimics Version 10.01 software respectively to construct digital three-dimensional models of pelvic, arterial blood network, pelvic mass and organs.On the basis of without knowing the diagnosis of the disease on CTA, two gynecologists gave the final diagnosis of the disease after observing and analyzing the supply blood vessels and the relationship between the adjacent organs of pelvic mass through rotate the three-dimensional model by single-blind method. Define the postoperative pathological diagnosis as the standard, and compare the coincidence rate between the postoperative pathological diagnosis with diagnosis results on different inspections (including B ultrasound results, CTA results or the diagnosis on the three-dimensional model of pelvic mass). We successfully reconstructed 72 patients' three-dimensional model which could clearly display anatomic structure of pelvic bone, abdomen and pelvic arterial branches at different levels and the anatomic relationship between the mass and main organs in the pelvis. In all cases, 56 of them preoperative B-mode ultrasound examination were consistency with the postoperative pathological diagnosis, the coincidence rate was 78%, the preoperative CTA inspection results of 58 patients were consistency with the postoperative pathological diagnosis, the coincidence rate was 81%. While the diagnosis rate of 66 patients on the basis of digital three-dimensional model were consistency with that of the postoperative pathological diagnosis, the coincidence rate was 92%. Compared the compliance rate between diagnosis of pelvic mass based on the digital three-dimensional model and preoperative B-mode ultrasound, there were significant difference(P = 0.021).While compared with the preoperative CTA examination, there was not significant difference (P = 0.054). The pelvic three-dimensional models in vivo constructed by the digital three-dimensional reconstruction technique could visually display the source of the blood supply and the relationship between the pelvic organs, and guide to diagnosis and assess preoperatively.

Research Article| June 01 2022 SketchUp and Sketchfab: Tools for Teaching with 3D Hannah L. Jacobs Hannah L. Jacobs Duke University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (2022) 81 (2): 256–259. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2022.81.2.256 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Hannah L. Jacobs; SketchUp and Sketchfab: Tools for Teaching with 3D. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 June 2022; 81 (2): 256–259. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2022.81.2.256 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search The practices of digital modeling, simulation, and close virtual viewing are becoming more accessible to architectural historians as a result of the significant advancement of technologies for three-dimensional (3D) digital modeling and virtual environment creation. Long-established, large-scale collaborative projects such as Digital Karnak, Rome Reborn, Virtual Harlem, and Visualizing Venice have demonstrated the potential of such methods for the analysis and presentation of destroyed, damaged, and fundamentally altered historically significant objects and spaces.1 The creation of such research environments requires significant resources, including specialized expertise, equipment, and time. However, a number of platforms and tools have emerged as compelling options for scholars seeking to engage 3D modeling as part of their teaching and research without needing major institutional or external grant-funded support. Two such platforms are SketchUp and Sketchfab.2 While both are proprietary, each offers a free tier that can be used in many contexts. These free tiers... You do not currently have access to this content.

Modern surgical principles for repairing damaged nerves in brachial plexus injuries require individual and high-quality surgical planning based on the anatomy of a particular patient, as well as precise navigation during surgery. The aim of the study is to identify the correspondence of the variants of the brachial plexus structure on drugs and three– dimensional models for their use in augmented and virtual reality. Material and methods . 44 three-dimensional digital and polymer models of the right brachial plexuses were created from 22 corpses of men and women aged 39–89 years. The accuracy of the reconstruction was verified by determining the structural variant of the brachial plexus in the preparations and three-dimensional models. Results and discussion . The created three-dimensional digital and polymer models accurately reflect the structural variants of brachial plexus preparations, but not equally in the presence or absence of epineurium. At the epineural level, 7 variants of the structure of preparations and three–dimensional models of the brachial plexus were identified, and 4 at the perineural level. The identified variants differ in the number of spinal nerves and the structural features of the divisions of the middle and lower trunks. All three-dimensional digital models of the brachial plexus have been converted to the STL format and projected onto the surface of the human body using augmented reality and virtual reality to different depths of the digital twin. Conclusions . The created database of 44 three-dimensional digital and polymer models of 7 variants of the brachial plexus structure at the epineural and 4 at the perineural levels, projecting them onto a specific patient or a digital twin, allows performing operations in augmented and virtual reality conditions.

Conventional digital core reconstruction methods are not suitable for deep shale gas reservoirs with low porosity and permeability, anisotropy and complex mineral composition, and conventional single resolution three-dimensional digital core structure model cannot fully describe the core structure of shale gas reservoirs of different scales. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of different digital core reconstruction methods are summarized by analyzing examples. It is found that MCMC core reconstruction method is more suitable for image reconstruction of 3D digital structure model core of deep shale gas reservoir in China; Finally, in view of the problems existing in conventional digital core reconstruction methods, combining CT imaging with ion beam focused electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) imaging technology, a 3D digital core structure model with multi-scale, multi-component and corresponding macro pore and micro pore of the corresponding reservoir is proposed. The micro spatial distribution structure of the model is similar to that of real shale gas reservoir core, it overcomes the difficulty that the resolution of single scale 3D digital gas reservoir core model and the micro size characteristics of gas reservoir core cannot be perfectly considered. It can not only accurately describe the micro pore space distribution structure of real core gas reservoir, but also accurately describe the macro heterogeneity of deep shale gas reservoir core.

To determine if three-dimensional (3D) digital study models could replace plaster study models for the evaluation of dental arch relationships for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Observational study involving plaster study models from a records archive. U.K. National Health Service. Thirty sets of study models of 5-year-old patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were identified and scanned to produce 3D digital study models by ESM Digital Solutions Ltd. (Swords, Co. Dublin, Ireland) using an R250 Orthodontic Study Model Scanner (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). None. The plaster and 3D digital study models were scored using the 5-year-olds' and modified Huddart Bodenham indices and analyzed using the Friedman test (p < .05) and two-way ANOVA, respectively. Intra-observer and interobserver reproducibility were calculated from the 5-year-olds' index data using the weighted kappa statistic for both the plaster and 3D digital models. Intra-observer and interobserver reproducibility were good (0.62 to 0.83 and 0.64 to 0.78, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the scores for the 3D digital study models when compared to the plaster study models for either the 5-year-olds' index (p = .12) or for the modified Huddart Bodenham index (p = .506). Three-dimensional digital models are a valid alternative to traditional plaster study models for the evaluation of dental arch relationships in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Virtual reality technology in the processing of biological images of maxillary protrusion

The mastery of neuroanatomy is key to medical education, radiological interpretation of neurological signs and symptoms, and ultimately, surgical planning. With the development of imaging technology, the three-dimensional (3D) presentation of anatomical structures has become possible. The plastic models and anatomopathological specimens available for teaching anatomy in medical schools are often obsolete or poorly preserved, and in general, they provide limited margins for an enhanced learning experience, allowing for 3D visualization of the relationship with surrounding structures. To maximize the impact on anatomical teaching, we created a 3D digital model of human brain specimens using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and combined this with the powerful editing capabilities of the open-source 3D Slicer platform for image reconstruction and optimization. Using cranial specimens donated to scientific research, we first connected the blood vessels and pretreated the specimens with a slow and continuous fluid injection. CT and MRI scans were performed after the injection of the appropriate amount of corresponding contrast agents into the specimens to obtain Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images. Subsequently, open-source 3D Slicer software was used to reconstruct the images in three dimensions and edit and optimize them to complete the digital reconstruction of specimens (digital twins). By combining reconstruction modeling of digitized human brain specimens, the intracranial vasculature and the parenchymal anatomy can be largely restored, isolated, and reconstructed through the fusion of multimodal images on the 3D Slicer platform. Since vascular perfusion is better visualized under the CT modality, yet soft tissues such as brain parenchyma are better visualized under the MRI modality, our combined approach provides high-quality 3D model reconstruction. We provide a road map to create a simple digital reconstruction model of human brain specimens. After injection of contrast agent into the specimen vessel, DICOM images are obtained after CT or MRI scanning to visualize vascular reconstruction. After multimodal image data are generated, 3D Slicer software can be used for 3D reconstruction and optimization of the acquired images, thus providing a digital 3D reconstruction model of the cranial brain specimen. This technology can provide observers with more vivid and intuitive 3D images and has a wide range of prospective applications, including the digital preservation of specimen information, medical anatomy teaching, and surgical training.

Three-dimensional digital study models were introduced following advances in digital technology. This study was carried out to assess the reliability of digital study models scanned by a laser scanning device newly assembled. The aim of this study was to compare the digital study models and conventional models. Twelve sets of dental impressions were taken from patients with mild-to-moderate crowding. The impressions were taken twice, one with alginate and the other with polyvinylsiloxane. The alginate impressions were made into conventional models, and the polyvinylsiloxane impressions were scanned to produce digital models. The mesiodistal tooth width and Little’s irregularity index (LII) were measured manually with digital calipers on the conventional models and digitally on the digital study models. Bolton analysis was performed on each study models. Each method was carried out twice to check for intra-observer variability. The reproducibility (comparison of the methods) was assessed using independent-sample t-tests. The mesiodistal tooth width between conventional and digital models did not significantly differ (p > 0.05). Independent-sample t-tests did not identify statistically significant differences for Bolton analysis and LII (p = 0.603 for Bolton and p = 0894 for LII). The measurements of the digital study models are as accurate as those of the conventional models.

Construction of digital three-dimensional reconstruction model of rabbit vascular network

The digital models allow us to test and visualize a conceived space and analyze all its possibilities of accomplishment: its plastic, aesthetics, structure, connection with the surroundings and other parameters for the better understanding of the project. However, the greatest advantage of digital models and simulations lies in the experience and spatial experience of non-built projects, where psychological sensations and dimensions will produce answers that may or may not have been imagined by the architect who designed it. This dissertation brings the opportunity to experience the spaces designed by Sergio Bernardes for the Tropical Hotel of Manaus, through new images and video, in order to find principles and ideals related to the technological utopias of modernity present in the conception of the project. Transcription and Digital Reconstruction is a three-dimensional space experience and analysis method where the collected documentation (original drawings of the plants and cuts, pictures of models, sketches and perspectives) are generated in digital platforms (CAD and BIM) for the subsequent digital reconstruction of the design in 3D modeling software. The search for concepts, ideas and influences in the design process, together with the Digital Transcription and Reconstruction method of non-built buildings, allows us to create a new iconography, a virtual space that admits explorations, sensations, experiences and visualizations of the project to the comparing the researcher 's ideas with the current analyzes of the projects of Sergio Bernardes in order to enrich, more and more, the academic and scientific works on un - built architecture projects and projects of this architect fundamental to Brazilian architecture

Objective To construct the three-dimensional digital image of vascular system in abdominal and pelvic organs of rabbits using latex-bismuth oxide contrast agent and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Methods A total of 6 female healthy rabbits (4-month old) were chosen as the subjects and anesthetized intraperitoneally, followed by abdominal longitudinal incision and exposure to abdominal and pelvic vessels for the completion of abdominal aortic cannulation, which was used for the contrast agent perfusion into the uterus, bladder, small intestine in vivo and renal artery cannulation for renal perfusion. Latex-bismuth oxide mixture was chosen as the contrast agent (bismuth oxide particles / latex solution =1 g/mL). After successful vascular perfusion, the uteruses, bladders, small intestines and kidneys of the rabbits were collected as the subject organs, which were scanned by Micro-CT (SkyScan 1076, Bruker Corporation, Billerica, UA), the software NRecon was used to process and transform the original images from Micro-CT, and Mimics 17.0 was applied to construct the images of the vessels in the targeted organs for obtaining the three-dimensional images of the vascular trees in different organs of the rabbits as well finally, the classification and branch characteristics of the different vascular trees were analyzed. Results The digital three-dimensional reconstruction models of the vascular trees of the targeted organs were completed successfully. The minimum measurable vascular classification of the bladder vascular tree in rabbits was grade Ⅱ with a diameter of (0.41 ± 0.08) mm, grade Ⅲ was for the uterus vessels with a diameter of (0.39±0.08) mm, and grade Ⅳ for both the small intestine and kidney vessels with diameters of (0.27±0.04) mm and (0.19±0.03) mm, respectively. Conclusions Micro-CT imaging based on contrast agent of latex-bismuth oxide mixture can successfully establish the three-dimensional images of the vascular trees in animal organs through the related software, which can display the path of the vascular tree in the rabbit organ and the diameters of the blood vessels. It is advantageous to construct a digital three-dimensional model of microminiature vascular network in the abdominal and pelvic organs. It also provides a new way of thinking and method for the study of vascular structure in the abdominal and pelvic diseases of small animals. Key words: Angiography; X-ray microtomography; Contrast agent; Imaging, three-dimensional; Rabbits; Models, animals

Building a three-dimensional digital model of a substation is a key technology for achieving intelligent operation and maintenance of substations. However, the widely used GIM technology currently has obvious shortcomings in spatial attribute correlation, and cannot meet the application requirements. This paper proposes a three-dimensional digital model modeling method for substation equipments, which improves the general standardization transplantation and spatial attribute association ability based on GIM. This method integrates the GIM data standard, establishes a mapping relationship between GIM model data and JSON instances, fully preserves the attribute information of the model, and can easily obtain a three-dimensional slice model of substation equipments. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified through experiments.

To develop a method for generating three-dimensional (3D) digital models of the periodontal ligament (PDL) using 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstruction and to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of the 3D PDL models in the measurement of periodontal bone loss. CBCT data collected from four patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion prior to periodontal surgery were reconstructed at three voxel sizes (0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.3 mm), and 3D tooth and alveolar bone models were generated to obtain digital PDL models for the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Linear measurements of the alveolar bone crest obtained during periodontal surgery were compared with the digital measurements for assessment of the accuracy of the digital models. The agreement and reliability of the digital PDL models were analyzed using intra- and interexaminer correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Digital models of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, PDL, and alveolar bone of the four patients were successfully established. Relative to the intraoperative measurements, linear measurements obtained from the 3D digital models were accurate, and there were no significant differences among different voxel sizes at different sites. High diagnostic coincidence rates were found for the maxillary anterior teeth. The digital models showed high intra- and interexaminer agreement. Digital PDL models generated by 3D CBCT reconstruction can provide accurate and useful information regarding the alveolar crest morphology and facilitate reproducible measurements. This could assist clinicians in the evaluation of periodontal prognosis and establishment of an appropriate orthodontic treatment plan.

As artificial intelligence within digital processes continues to advance and replace conventional manual workflows, it is crucial that digital data are consistent with analog data. The aim was to evaluate the validity and time efficiency of digital cast analysis on digital models in comparison with the manual, gold standard, cast analysis on plaster models. Cast analysis was performed on 30 patients in three various methods: manually measured variables on plaster models (MP), manually measured variables on digital three-dimensional models (MD), and automatically measured variables on digital three-dimensional models (AD) on digital models. Digital cast analysis was performed in CS Model+. Analyses included metrical and categorical variables and the required work time. Measurements in MD and AD were validated to MP. Validity of the metrical variables was analyzed with Bland-Altman, Dahlberg's formula, and paired sample t test. Categorical variables were validated by Cohen's Kappa. Work time was analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Metrical variables had measurement errors ranging 0.4 to 1.4 mm between MP-MD, and 0.6 to 3.2 mm between MP-AD. Observations of categorical variables had a moderate to strong (0.65 to 0.9) level of agreement between MP-MD, and a weak to moderate (0.4 to 0.68) level of agreement between MP-AD. Data for dental stage, vertical, and transversal relation was not provided in AD. Cast analysis was performed quicker digitally, P ≤ 0.05. Digital cast analysis is consistent with manual cast analysis for metrical variables. Analyses of categorical variables show a weak level of agreement with automatic digital analysis, such as space conditions and midline assessments. Digital cast analysis optimizes time compared with manual cast analysis, with automatic analysis being the fastest.

BackgroundTo compare measurements of tooth size and arch dimensions among those taken directly intraorally with those made on digital and 3D printed models produced by intraoral scanning.Material and MethodsSixty-six participants were recruited. Intraoral tooth size and arch measurements were taken intraorally with a digital caliper. Digital impressions were taken with an iTero® intraoral scanner. The three-dimensional digital models were measured using a 3D diagnostics tool (OrthoCAD software). The same digital models were used to fabricate physical models using a resin 3D printer (Elegoo Saturn). The measurements were repeated on 3D printed models by using the digital caliper. The recorded parameters included mesiodistal tooth widths, transverse, and antero-posterior dimensions. All measurements were repeated to assess intra- and inter- examiner reliability. The validity of each measurement method was assessed by repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc pairwise comparisons (p<0.5). ResultsThe mean differences among three methods for all parameters were statistically significant (p<.05) but were considered to be clinically insignificant, except for the upper intercanine width. Direct intraoral measurements tend to be smaller than the digital and 3D printed models. The ICCs values indicated excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability which demonstrates high reproducibility for all measurements on all model types. ConclusionsDirect intraoral measurements tend to be smaller than the digital and 3D printed models. However, the accuracy of measurements made directly intraorally, and on digital and 3D models from intraoral scans is clinically acceptable, except for the upper intercanine width. Key words:Tooth measurements, Accuracy, Dental models, 3D printing, Digital model.