Integrated Program Research Articles

Randomized clinical trial of a digital integrative medicine intervention among patients undergoing active cancer treatment

Exercise and mindfulness-based interventions have growing evidence for managing fatigue and comorbid symptoms; however, packaging them in a cohesive digital way for patients undergoing cancer treatment has not been evaluated. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a 12 week digital integrative medicine program, Integrative Medicine at Home (IM@Home), versus enhanced usual care on fatigue severity (primary outcome), comorbid symptoms and acute healthcare utilization (secondary outcomes), in 200 patients with solid tumors experiencing fatigue during treatment. Fatigue severity decreased more in IM@Home than in the control (1.99 vs. 1.51 points; p = 0.04). IM@Home participants also had reduced symptom distress (p = 0.003), anxiety (p = 0.03), and depression (p = 0.02). Acute healthcare utilization was lower with IM@Home, with fewer emergency department visits (rate ratio 0.49; p = 0.04), hospitalizations (4% vs. 12.9%; p = 0.03), and shorter hospital stays (4.25 vs. 10 days; p < 0.001). These promising findings should be confirmed in phase III clinical trials. “Study registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05053230) on 09-20-2021”.

Refugee Integration and Peaceful Coexistence in Kenya: A Case of Kakuma Municipality, Turkana County, Kenya

An important and relevant research area was the integration of refugees and their peaceful living with the host community in Kakuma Municipality of Kenya. Kakauma is host to over 283, 969 refugees of different nationalities, the study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of refugee integration programs in promoting peaceful coexistence between host and refugee communities in Kakuma, Kenya. Of the other concern of the study is to understanding the perception of the host community towards refugee integration and peaceful coexistence and assessing the efficiency in implementing the concept of refugee integration in concern to peaceful coexistence among groups. The study was anchored on Intergroup Contact Theory, the theory claims that people of different groups might reduce prejudice and harmony among the groups and favorable interface through contact. A mixed-methodologies approach to was the study was used, whereby both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were used. The target population includes the Kakuma Municipality citizens and the Kakuma refugee camp residents that are approximately 439,708 people. The sample size of 400 was used for quantitative part by using Yamane‟s formula and the participants were selected purposively. The qualitative component comprised of 20 key informant interviews. For the quantitative component, data was obtained using structured questionnaires, while the qualitative component was acquired using semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data was examined using SPSS version 28.0, which included descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression. Thematic analysis was used to examine qualitative data. The study’s goal was to give thorough insights on refugee integration and peaceful coexistence in Kakuma Municipality, which will help to influence refugee management policy and practice. The results revealed that perceptions of refugee integration, efficacy of integration programs were significantly and positively correlated with peaceful coexistence, with regression analysis showing that these factors explained 75.6% of the variance in peaceful coexistence. Key findings based on the objectives included: generally positive host community perceptions towards refugee integration and peaceful coexistence, with daily interactions, cultural exchange, and economic integration being important factors; the crucial role of access to healthcare services in promoting peaceful coexistence, with equal access, quality care, and addressing language barriers being key issues; the effectiveness of refugee integration programs in promoting peaceful coexistence, particularly when addressing diverse needs and involving local government support. Based on these findings, recommendations were made to engage the public in promoting positive perceptions and intensify efforts towards implementing effective integration strategies.

Prevalence, management, health-care burden, and 90-day outcomes of prolonged mechanical ventilation in the paediatric intensive care unit (LongVentKids): an international, prospective, cross-sectional cohort study.

The number of children requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) has increased with the advancement of medical care. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of PMV worldwide, document demographic and clinical characteristics of children requiring PMV in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), and to understand variation in clinical practice and health-care burden. This international, multicentre, cross-sectional cohort study screened participating PICUs in 28 countries for children aged >37 postgestational weeks to 17 years who had been receiving mechanical ventilation (MV; invasive or non-invasive) for at least 14 consecutive days. Screening days took place every 90 days for 3 years. Patients were eligible for inclusion in the analysis if they had been receiving MV (invasive or non-invasive) for at least 14 consecutive days by their first day of screening. Eligible patients were followed up on the subsequent screening day 90 days later or at time of hospital discharge, whichever came first. Outcome data were recorded in a validated web-based case report file. The primary outcome was the prevalence of PMV. Secondary outcomes were mortality, duration of MV, tracheostomy, and number of complications. All outcomes were assessed at 90 days post-screening. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04112459. Between Sept 4, 2019 and Dec 7, 2022, 14 595 children were screened on four separate screening days in 158 PICUs, and 2773 patients had been receiving MV for at least 14 days and were included in the analysis. The point prevalence of PMV was 25·8% (IQR 24·1-28·5). Median age was 0·4 years (IQR 0·2-5·3) and median weight was 8·1 kg (IQR 4·7-19·1). 625 (24·0%) of 2610 patients had a history of prematurity (<37 weeks gestational age at birth). 90-day outcome data were collected for 2430 patients. 441 (18·2%) of 2430 patients had died within 90 days. 649 (29·8%) of 2176 patients who initiated ventilation support upon hospital admission had a tracheostomy placed after the first 14 days of MV. The median time to tracheostomy placement after MV initiation was 26 days (IQR 18-52). 462 (21·2%) of 2176 patients had at least one failed extubation between MV initiation and their first screening date. 556 (25·6%) of 2174 patients who started MV upon hospital admission required MV for 21 days or less, whereas 1618 (74·4%) patients required MV for 22 days or more; 90-day mortality did not differ between these groups (18·2% vs 20·30%, p=0·288). Complications were recorded for 810 (38·4%) 2109 patients who initiated MV upon hospital admission; of these 539 (67%) had ventilator-associated pneumonia, and 212 (39%) of 539 patients had multiple episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Timing of tracheostomy was variable, and duration of MV was longer than previously reported. The large variability in patients requiring MV and the associated health-care burden and outcomes across PICUs suggest that further investigation of the factors influencing the care of children with MV is warranted. Réseau en Santé Respiratoire du Québec (Respiratory Research Network of Quebec), Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec, Women and Children Health Research Institute-Clinical/Community Research Integration and Support Program, Réseau mère-enfant de la francophonie. For the French and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

The Effectiveness of an Integrative Coaching Psychology Intervention Program on the Well-Being of Parent with Preadolescent with Symptoms of Externalizing Disorders

The Effectiveness of an Integrative Coaching Psychology Intervention Program on the Well-Being of Parent with Preadolescent with Symptoms of Externalizing Disorders

국내 통합시뮬레이션 간호교육에 대한 통합적 문헌고찰

Objectives This study aimed to identify trends in research on integrated simulation nursing education in Korea and to comprehensively examine its effects. Methods Literature up to June 2024 was searched using Korean and English keywords. RISS, KISS, DBpia, and PubMed were used for literature searches. The study followed the five steps suggested by Whittemore and Knafl: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and data presentation. Results The 19 selected studies were published between 2012 and 2024. Nine studies employed a one-group quasi-experimental design, and 16 studies focused on fourth-year nursing students. A human patient simulator was used in 13 studies. Fourteen studies integrated scenarios from various nursing majors within a single course, while four studies used scenarios integrating two or more nursing majors. One study combined nursing major-specific scenarios with integrated scenarios. Among the cognitive domains, problem-solving ability was the most frequently measured variable, with all five studies reporting significant results. In the affective domains, self-efficacy was the most commonly measured variable, with seven studies, four of which reported significant results. Clinical competence was measured in the psychomotor domain, with all eight studies reporting significant results. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that integrated simulation nursing education effectively enhances cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills in nursing students. Future efforts should focus on developing stage- and grade-specific integrated simulation education programs, as well as integrated simulation education that connects various nursing majors.

Nigeria's Sugar Industry: Challenges, Opportunities, and Prospects for Self-Sufficiency

The sugar industry in Nigeria is relatively young, having been established in the 1960s. However, it has not yet reached its full potential, as it currently only supplies about 5% of the country's sugar demand. This lack of performance has led to the loss of foreign exchange earnings and hundreds of thousands of employment opportunities. The Nigerian Sugar Master Plan (NSMP) predicts that the country's sugar demand will exceed 1.7 million metric tonnes by 2020, and to meet this demand, the country needs to establish 28 sugar factories and cultivate 250,000 hectares of land for sugarcane over the next 10 years. Private investors will provide most of the investment capital. The government has enacted various policy instruments, including fiscal incentives, tariffs, and the Backward Integration Program (BIP), to create a conducive policy environment for the sugar industry's development. The Sugar Levy will also fund research and development studies and essential infrastructure. These policies aim to attract new investors and protect existing and new investments in the sugar sector. The approval of the NSMP and the adoption of the conducive policy environment demonstrate the government's commitment to revitalizing the sugar industry and making it a crucial part of the nation's industrial landscape. This paper highlights the progress made in the first ten years of the NSMP's BIP, the establishment of the Nigeria Sugar Institute, and the expected increase in sugar production in NSMP phase II.

Strategies for Enhancing Co-existence in Diverse Social Groups

Co-existence is a pleasing word to converse, but an intricate word to believe and follow in a real-life situation. This article aims to suggest effective strategies for enhancing co-existence in diverse social groups. To attain these objectives, the secondary data were congregated through a comprehensive review on co-existence and the strategies for enhancing co-existence from books, journal articles, and website materials published from the year 1971 to 2024. The article employed exploratory research and operated thematic analysis as its qualitative research design. It identifies. promoting inclusive education, encouraging intercultural dialogue, supporting community engagement initiatives, implementing anti-discrimination policies, promoting social integration programs, facilitating interfaith initiatives, encouraging multicultural policies, supporting civil society organizations, and promoting economic inclusion as the effective strategies for enhancing co-existence in diverse social groups. This article provides exquisite insights for leaders, policymakers and citizens, emphasizing that the feeling of co-existence is essential for the overall well-being of a nations and its citizens.

Who works! from fragmentation to coherence through collaborative, constructive communication

PurposeThe paper seeks to assist public sector leaders to take a balanced and impactful approach to transformation programmes which aim to deliver integrated healthcare. The paper highlights the balance of attention paid in these programmes across elements of leadership, strategy, structure and people, and aims to highlight where this balance can sit to encourage more successful and sustainable transformations, with an increased focus on interpersonal and inter-professional engagement and interaction across workforce and service users.Design/methodology/approachThe project involved a literature review which identified themes that were in turn used to inform an approach to a desk review of journal articles written about past integration programmes in healthcare. A coding framework was developed to assess the articles in the desk review to identify where the focus of attention lay in the approaches to integration.FindingsThere is a spread of activity across all four themes (leadership, strategy, structure and people) in the assessed cases, but the emphasis tends to be towards static, short-term approaches, with a noticeable lack of focus on the aspects required to deliver long-term sustained transformation. There is a need for improved balance between structural and relational approaches to transformation.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper focuses on nine examples of transformation programmes and would benefit from further development and use of the coding framework.Practical implicationsThe framework that emerges from this project can contribute to the development of a proactive model to assist transformation leads and decision makers bring a more balanced, thoughtful and impactful approach to integrating health and care services. In particular, the findings point to an overuse of structural approaches to change and transformation, which could include project management methods, for example, which become the product of the initiatives, rather than enablers of leaders’ visions and people’s interpersonal and interprofessional engagement and interactions.Originality/valueBuilding on existing research, this paper makes a valuable contribution to the discourse on how to deliver the required health and care integration agenda in a more accessible way and sustainably, moving away from short-term, quick-fix approaches and considers how to accommodate the role of interpersonal interaction as the vehicle for change.

International Medical Graduate Integration into the Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service (SCHHS): A practice note

Australia’s healthcare workforce shortage demands innovative solutions to ensure the delivery of high-quality healthcare. International Medical Graduates (IMGs), particularly those on the standard pathway—doctors whose primary medical qualifications are obtained in non-comparable healthcare systems such as those outside the UK, USA, Canada, Ireland, or New Zealand—play a crucial role in bridging workforce gaps. However, transitioning into the Australian healthcare system presents significant challenges for these IMGs, including adapting to clinical practices, communication styles, and cultural norms. This practice note outlines the Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service’s (SCHHS) comprehensive IMG integration program, specifically designed to address the unique needs of standard pathway IMGs. The program, structured into three phases—robust selection, structured orientation and onboarding, and ongoing mentorship—has demonstrated high retention rates, enhanced IMG confidence, and positive feedback from both participants and supervisors. Key findings from the SCHHS initiative underscore the importance of early, structured support in mitigating the difficulties faced by IMGs during their transition. This model provides a scalable approach to improving IMG integration, enhancing patient safety, and addressing critical healthcare workforce shortages across Australia.

Effects of an Integrative Day Care Clinic Program with a Focus on Nature Therapy in a Hospital Park Setting on Quality of Life in Oncological Patients-A Non-Randomized Controlled Study

Effects of an Integrative Day Care Clinic Program with a Focus on Nature Therapy in a Hospital Park Setting on Quality of Life in Oncological Patients-A Non-Randomized Controlled Study

Reflective supervision and the strategic integrative model in social work supervision

Supervision in the clinical field, including social work, represents a transformative process aimed at enhancing the supervisee's personal and professional development through the acquisition of essential competencies and skills. As a cornerstone of lifelong learning, supervision facilitates continuous growth and adaptation within the professional practice. Literature on clinical supervision identifies two primary categories of models: first-generation models, rooted in psychotherapeutic traditions, and second-generation models, which build upon and expand these foundations. This study introduces a model of supervision tailored to social work, derived from the integrative supervision framework. Central to this model is the supervisee's learning process, which is supported by three key components: the supervision framework, learning factors, and a reflective process involving both supervisor and supervisee in the context of case discussions. The supervisory relationship functions as the cohesive element that binds the model's components. The practical applicability of this integrative supervision model has been validated within the context of an integrative psychotherapy training program, where social workers were effectively trained and supervised. This model highlights the potential for enhanced learning outcomes and professional competency development in social work supervision.

Identifying factors associated with disparities in accessing an Integrative Oncology program

Introduction: Integrative oncology (IO) programs provide patients with evidence-based complementary medicine therapies within a supportive and palliative cancer care setting. This study retrospectively examined characteristics of patients with lung cancer predicting utilization of a freely-provided IO consultation at two medical centers in Israel. Methods: Electronic medical files of 832 patients with lung cancer attending/not attending the IO consultation were searched for socio-demographic (age, gender, country of birth, place of residence, primary language spoken) and personal health (Body Mass Index; smoking; disability) characteristics; cancer-related parameters (primary tumor site, localized vs. metastatic); and reported pain- and emotional-related concerns. Results: Only 120 (14.4%) of eligible patients attended the IO consultation, with multivariate analysis finding a significantly lower likelihood of attendance among patients who were older (OR: 0.98, 95%CI=0.96-0.99; p=0.02); male (OR: 0.53, 95%CI=0.34-0.83; p=0.005); primarily non Hebrew-speaking (i.e., primarily Arabic or Russian speakers; OR: 0.34, 95%CI=0.14-0.82; p=0.016); without disability (OR: 0.52, 95%CI=0.33-0.92; p=0.025); and not reporting pain (OR=0.40,95%CI=0.17-0.98-; p=0.046). Conclusions: The present study suggests that age, gender and culture-related factors (reflected by the patient's primary language) may contribute to disparities in accessing a freely-provided IO consultation, as shown in a diverse population of patients with lung cancer from two medical centers in Israel. Further research is needed to better understand the role of these programs within a diverse, equitable and inclusive setting of effective and safe integrative care of oncology patients.

SmartGraph API: Programmatic Knowledge Mining in Network-Pharmacology Setting.

The recent SmartGraph platform facilitates the execution of complex drug-discovery workflows with ease in the network-pharmacology paradigm. However, at the time of its publication we identified the need for the development of an Application Programming Interface (API) that could promote biomedical data integration and hypothesis generation in an automated manner. This need was magnified at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study addresses the absence of such an API. Accordingly, most functionalities of the original platform were implemented within the SmartGraph API. We demonstrate that by using the API it is possible to transform the original semiautomated workflow behind the Neo4COVID19 database to a fully automated one. The availability of the SmartGraph API lends a significant improvement to the programmatic integration of network-pharmacology-oriented knowledge graphs and analytics, as well as predictive functionalities and workflows.

Cover crops are unlikely to pose a risk to the management of Neopestalotiopsis sp. of strawberry in Florida

An aggressive Neopestalotiopsis sp. has emerged causing leaf spot and fruit rot on strawberry. In Florida strawberry production, cover crops (CCs) are grown in the summer to maintain and enhance soil structure and properties. Although CCs can be used in integrated disease management programs, they could also serve as hosts and increase inoculum levels. Since Pestalotiopsis-like fungi are known for their endophytic ability and wide host range, we sought to determine the effect of CCs commonly used over the summer in Florida on Neopestalotiopsis sp. inoculum. Pathogenicity was tested on sunn hemp, iron clay cowpea, sorghum sudan, oats, sunflower, and ryegrass. Moreover, trials in strawberry fields with histories of disease outbreaks, were conducted using iron clay cowpea, sorghum sudan, and sunn hemp as CCs plus a fallow control. Plants were evaluated for presence of symptoms in the field or following incubation in the laboratory. Soil samples were collected from each treatment and processed using a semiselective medium. Strawberry isolates were pathogenic to all the inoculated CCs, but symptoms were subtle and did not progress over time. Symptoms were not observed on the CCs under field conditions. Neopestalotiopsis sp. was successfully isolated from a single sorghum plant at one trial site, a single clay pea plant at another site, and a single sunflower plant at a third trial site. This suggests that the risk might be more closely associated with the decomposition of strawberry plant material rather than the infection of alternate hosts. Colony-forming units per g soil varied from 0 to 125, and differences were not consistent among trials. Our data suggest that the CCs tested do not pose a risk of increasing pathogen levels on strawberry fields and should still be used to protect and enhance organic matter in the soil.

Delivering quality cancer care in rural and coastal settings: Experiences of a large-scale integrated cancer transformation programme

Delivering quality cancer care in rural and coastal settings: Experiences of a large-scale integrated cancer transformation programme

Perspectives of Physicians in Taipei on the Home Healthcare Programs

&lt;p&gt;目的：高齡社會時代的來臨，居家醫療照護服務需求增加，然而目前醫師參與居家醫療照護比例仍偏低，因此本研究希望能透過問卷調查，協助瞭解台北市醫師對於推動居家照護相關計畫的實務運作與障礙。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;方法：本研究為無記名結構式問卷調查，於2022年8月至2022年10月之間進行，針對執業登記會籍為臺北市醫師之意見調查，內容包括：基本資料、參加居家醫療照護整合計畫與居家失能個案家庭醫師照護方案現況與障礙誘因等，問卷經專家效度檢視修正後以電子式表單請醫師回答。針對醫師參與居家照護相關計畫（居家醫療照護整合計畫、居家失能個案家庭醫師照護方案）進行單變量分析與多元邏輯斯迴歸分析。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;結果：本研究共計回收410份，發現到門診數較少的醫師，較願意參與居家醫療照護整合計畫，女性醫師較願意參與居家失能個案家庭醫師照護方案；而越瞭解計畫/方案內容的醫師，越願意參與居家醫療照護整合計畫、居家失能個案家庭醫師照護方案。醫師對於推動居家醫療照護整合計畫之障礙前三名依序為提供24小時電話諮詢服務有困難(76%)、往返案家交通耗時(75%)、給付不足(74%)；而居家失能個案家庭醫師照護方案前三名影響的因素為往返案家交通耗時(71%)、給付不足(69%)、個管師人力不易安排(69%)。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;結論：對台北市醫師參與居家醫療照護整合計畫、居家失能個案家庭醫師照護方案之政策建議，包括給付需考量向上調整並納入交通成本與提供24小時緊急電話諮詢服務，以及建立更有效率之個案媒合溝通機制。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose: With the advent of an aging society, the demand for home medical care services in Taiwan has increased. However, the current participation rate of physicians in home medical care remains low. The study accordingly conducted a questionnaire survey to help understand the operational challenges and barriers facing physicians in Taipei regarding the promotion of home healthcare programs. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Methods: This study as an anonymous structured questionnaire survey was conducted between August 2022 and October 2022 to solicit the opinions of physicians registered for practice in Taipei City. The questionnaire covers basic information, participation in home medical care integration programs, the current status, and challenges and incentives of home care for disabled cases by family physicians. After expert validity review and revisions, the questionnaire was administered to physicians through in an electronic form. Univariate and linear regression analyses were performed on the results obtained from physicians participating in home healthcare programs (home medical care integration program, home care for disabled cases by family doctors). &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Results: According to the 410 responses collected, physicians with less clinic sessions are more willing to participate in home medical care integration programs, and female physicians tend to be more willing to participate in home care for disabled cases by family physicians. Physicians equipped with a better understanding of the programs are also more willing to participate. The top three obstacles for physicians to promote home medical care integration programs were respectively difficulty in providing 24-hour telephone consultation services, time-consuming transportation, and insufficient reimbursement. For home care for disabled cases by family physicians, the top three challenges were time-consuming travel to patients at home, insufficient reimbursement, and difficulty in arranging case managers. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Conclusion: To promote the participation of Taipei physicians in home medical care integration program and home care for disabled cases by family physicians, the study recommends the following three measures: increasing the reimbursement considering transportation costs, providing 24-hour emergency telephone consultation services, and establishing a more efficient communication mechanism for case matching.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

The effectiveness of outdoor education on positive youth development and 21st century skills

Background Problems: Adolescents face various social challenges, such as the need to succeed in a competitive environment, cope with stress, face a global pandemic, and must develop in the future as adults. Research Objectives: The purpose of this research is to create an outdoor program integrated with PYD and 21st century skills that form a generation of young people who are resilient and ready to face global challenges. Methods: The method used in this study was the quasi-experimental design research method. The design used in this study was Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design With More Than One Experimental Group. The research instrument to measure 21st century skills is the 21st century skills questionnaire, and to measure positive youth development (PYD) using the PYD 7Cs questionnaire. Findings and Results: There was a significant difference in the effect of the outdoor education program of PYD integration with the control group with a calculated f value of 17,993 and a sig value of 0.000. Similarly, there are differences between the 21st century skill integration group and the control group with a calculated f value of 15.579 and a sig value of 0.000. Conclusion: The results show that outdoor education that integrates PYD and 21st century skills has a better impact so that youth have excess energy if not channelled into positive activities. Youth needs in outdoor education activities are still an attractive choice. In the 21st century, outdoor education activities become meaningful learning with the condition that there is an integration concept both in 21st century skills and positive youth development.

A Novel Energy Replenishment Algorithm to Increase the Network Performance of Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks.

The emerging wireless energy transfer technology enables sensor nodes to maintain perpetual operation. However, maximizing the network performance while preserving short charging delay is a great challenge. In this work, a Wireless Mobile Charger (MC) and a directional charger (DC) were deployed to transmit wireless energy to the sensor node to improve the network's throughput. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to optimize the data sensing rate and charging delay by the joint scheduling of an MC and a DC. We proved we could transmit maximum energy to each sensor node to obtain our optimization objective. In our proposed work, a DC selected a total horizon of 360° and then selected the horizon of each specific 90∘ area based on its antenna orientation. The DC's orientation was scheduled for each time slot. Furthermore, multiple MCs were used to transmit energy for sensor nodes that could not be covered by the DC. We divided the rechargeable wireless sensor network into several zones via a Voronoi diagram. We deployed a static DC and one MC charging location in each zone to provide wireless charging service jointly. We obtained the optimal charging locations of the MCs in each zone by solving Mix Integral Programming for energy transmission. The optimization objective of our proposed research was to sense maximum data from each sensor node with the help of maximum energy. The lifetime of each sensor network could increase, and the end delay could be maximized, with joint energy transmission. Extensive simulation results demonstrated that our RWSNs were designed to significantly improve network lifetime over the baseline method.

Systemic acquired resistance inducing chemicals mitigate black scurf disease in potato by activating defense-related enzymes.

The potato, being an underground vegetable crop, faces consistent threats from soil- and tuber-borne fungal and bacterial pathogens. Black scurf and stem canker disease caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is a critical global concern in the potato cultivation system. In this study, we evaluated the disease mitigation potential of five systemic acquired resistance-inducing chemicals viz., salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, β-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Two common methods, tuber dipping and foliar spray, were utilized in this experiment to evaluate pathogen inhibition on inoculated tubers. The results revealed that all the systemic acquired resistance inducing chemicals were effective in disease suppression in a concentration-dependent manner compared to an inoculated control. Significant differences (P<0.005) were evident among the various treatment combinations, with salicylic acid being the most effective in alleviating black scurf disease. Maximum reduction in disease incidence compared to the control was observed with salicylic acid (57.89% and 73.68%), followed by jasmonic acid (52.63% and 65.78%) and H2O2 (49.99% and 60.52%) under the tuber dipping treatment combinations. Whereas, in the foliar application, the maximum reduction in disease incidence compared to the control was observed with salicylic acid (44.73 and 63.15%), followed by jasmonic acid (42.10 and 60.52%) and H2O2 (39.46 and 52.63%). The tuber dipping treatments were significantly more efficacious (P<0.005) compared to foliar spray for all treatment combinations. The biochemical analysis of defense-related enzymes and metabolites demonstrated the induced resistance activation under these treatments. The activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenyl ammonia-lyase was significantly higher in treated tubers as compared to inoculated and uninoculated control. The total phenol content was also elevated in treated tubers as compared to the respective control. Altogether, these resistance-inducing chemicals can be successfully included in integrated disease management programs.

Kewarganegaraan dalam Tinjauan Sosial : Integrasi Sosial Warga Negara Asing di Indonesia

This research focuses on the social integration of foreign nationals in Indonesia from the perspective of citizenship. Indonesia has become a favored destination for many foreigners who come to work, study, or seek refuge due to the increasing global mobility. However, the social integration process of foreign nationals in Indonesia faces several challenges, including restrictive citizenship policies and significant cultural and social differences. The aim of this study is to examine the factors that influence the social integration of foreign nationals in Indonesia and to provide policy recommendations that could facilitate a better integration process. This study employs a qualitative case study approach. Policy analysis, in-depth interviews with foreign nationals and local communities, as well as literature reviews from various sources, are all part of the process. The research findings indicate that Indonesia's strict citizenship policies, along with a lack of understanding and interaction between foreign nationals and local communities, are often major barriers to the integration process. The extent to which foreign nationals can integrate into society is influenced by access to education and employment, as well as community support. Additionally, the study compares the social integration processes of foreign nationals in Indonesia with those in countries such as the United States, Germany, and Australia; it was found that more inclusive policies and better-organized integration programs play a significant role in the success of foreign nationals' integration in these countries.