Driver Program Research Articles

Advancing hybrid quantum–classical computation with real-time execution

The use of mid-circuit measurement and qubit reset within quantum programs has been introduced recently and several applications demonstrated that perform conditional branching based on these measurements. In this work, we go a step further and describe a next-generation implementation of classical computation embedded within quantum programs that enables the real-time calculation and adjustment of program variables based on the mid-circuit state of measured qubits. A full-featured Quantum Intermediate Representation (QIR) model is used to describe the quantum circuit including its embedded classical computation. This integrated approach eliminates the need to evaluate and store a potentially prohibitive volume of classical data within the quantum program in order to explore multiple solution paths. It enables a new type of quantum algorithm that requires fewer round-trips between an external classical driver program and the execution of the quantum program, significantly reducing computational latency, as much of the classical computation can be performed during the coherence time of quantum program execution. We review practical challenges to implementing this approach along with developments underway to address these challenges. An implementation of this novel and powerful quantum programming pattern, a random walk phase estimation algorithm, is demonstrated on a physical quantum computer with an analysis of its benefits and feasibility as compared to existing quantum computing methods.

Sex differences in driving under the influence: What can we conclude from accident data and point system?

The Czech Republic regularly ranks among the countries with the highest average alcohol consumption in the world, with men consuming about three times more alcohol than women. This is of particular concern in road safety. Approximately 5% of road accidents caused by motor vehicle drivers in the Czech Republic between 2012 and 2020 happened due to drivers under the influence of alcohol and/or other addictive substances (DUI). However, these accidents accounted for almost 11% of all fatalities registered in these accidents, most of which (95%) were caused by male drivers. This paper aimed to (1) analyze the differences in DUI between men and women, (2) relate data from drivers' penalty point system regarding DUI to data on the accident rate of inebriated drivers in the Czech Republic between 2012 and 2020. It was ascertained that men have a marked preponderance in both the point system (89%) and the accident data (86%) and the point system positively correlates with accident data in both men and women. In addition, the causes of traffic accidents vary according to the sex of the culprit - women crashed most often due to loss of vehicle control, whereas crashes of men occurred as a result of speeding. The statistical findings were complemented by the experience of an expert group conducting rehabilitation programs for drivers with suspended driving license.

Exploring the Determinants of School Bus Crash Severity

Although the school bus is considered a safe form of transportation, school bus crashes are a major safety concern. School bus crashes are a result of driver error of either the at-fault school bus or another at-fault vehicle (where the school bus is not at fault). To examine the risk factors associated with school bus related crashes and crash outcomes, this study segments and develops two binary logit models for each school bus crash type. A total of 1702 school bus related crashes recorded between 2009 and 2016 were used to estimate the model. According to the model results, sideswipe collisions were less likely to result in injury outcomes for at-fault school buses than rear-end and side-impact collisions. Speeding, driving impaired or under the influence, and negotiating a curve all have significant positive associations with injury outcomes in not-at-fault school bus crashes. This study’s practical implications include enforcing the school bus safe driving guidelines, training programs for school bus drivers that include elements of nonroutine trips, training for crossing guards, and awareness programs for drivers of other vehicles to instill safe driving practices around school buses.

First aid program for high way car drivers about road injuries

Road injuries are a major public health problem that increases every day causing more deaths and disabilities each year. Aim of this study is to: assess Knowledge, practice of high way car drivers and their life style related to road injuries. Design: A quasi-experimental design. Setting: The study was conducted on Assuit governorate at south Assuit of high way car drivers. Sampling: Purposive sample of 140 high way car drivers. Tools: Two tools were used; Tool (1). Part I: Sample sociolect-demographic data for highway cars; Part II: Questions to assess driver knowledge of road injuries; Part III: Lifestyle assessment for highway vehicle drivers. Tool (2) Observational Check List also included questions to assess drivers' backgrounds. Results: Almost all high way car drivers studied had UN satisfactory level of knowledge related to road injuries before the program conduction. However, there was a significant improvement in Knowledge, Practice and Life Style for high-way car drivers after the program. The total of knowledge, practice and life style were highly statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The implemented program for high way car drivers related to road injuries have a good impact on high way car drivers` knowledge, practice and life style.

Wasted mask collection robot

With the spread of major respiratory infectious diseases such as the new coronavirus pneumonia on a large scale worldwide, various countries and regions have taken medical supplies such as disposable medical masks (DMMs, mainly composed of a large variety of polymer material polypropylene PP). The demand is constantly rising. A large number of discarded masks are mixed in the streets and alleys, and the recycling process is extremely risky. In this era, it is particularly important to realize manual remote control of the collection of discarded masks. The waste mask collection robot mentioned in this article adopts a modular design method and carries out the system design, control system design, and hardware structure design for each part of the waste mask collection. In terms of the hardware system, a detailed analysis has been made on the chip model and the specifications of each application device and a reasonable design have been carried out. The design requirements of various parts are introduced, and their structure and function in the device are described in detail. Related hardware circuits are designed, such as the manipulator motor drive circuit and its control circuit. In terms of the software system, the driver program, the function program of the host computer, and the STM32 single-chip microcomputer, such as PWM motor driver and serial port communication, are designed. In terms of control system design, based on the Robot-link Wi-Fi wireless data transmission module, a set of information interaction codes between the host computer and the STM32 single-chip microcomputer is designed, which can realize ultra-low delay control. The PWM motor drive and serial communication were tested for the function. After the program was burned, the expected function was completed, and the actual product was finally assembled and tested to achieve the expected function.

Exploring Agent-Based Modelling for Car-Based Volunteer Driver Program Planning

Volunteer driver programs (VDPs) utilize the service of volunteers to replicate car-based, demand-responsive, door-to-door services in rural areas, but little is understood about how external factors (e.g., changes in service area) affect VDP sustainability. Agent-based modelling (ABM) simulates the operational behavior of individual agents (e.g., drivers, users) to evaluate their interaction under specified scenarios, and although it has been used in transportation research, it has never been applied to VDP analysis. Netlogo was used to develop a simplified VDP ABM, calibrated and validated with 1 year of program data from the New Brunswick Volunteer Driving Database. Three model scenarios were tested: increased health trip distance, increased service area, and increasing the number of drivers to meet initial distance targets. The ABM demonstrated intuitive results and established connections among changing operational scenarios, though additional research is needed for multipurpose trips and user/driver/dispatcher interactions.

Identifying best practices in a process evaluation of a novice driver education program

Best practice for learning to drive programs should be evidence-based and incorporate the range of lower and higher-order skills outlined in the internationally recognized Goals for Driver Education (GDE) matrix. A set of practices derived from the matrix, together with pertinent adult learning approaches and driving instruction research formed the basis of an evaluation checklist developed to review the Keys2drive program (a national single-session interactive education program for learner drivers in Australia). The checklist criteria consisted of 18 practices, including: having a sound theoretical base; reflecting various GDE components; facilitating parental involvement; provision of feedback; building resilience; use of coaching approaches; commentary driving; self-assessment; understanding of risk factors; and supporting safe vehicle choices and graduated licensing schemes. The program review sought to determine the extent to which Keys2drive is aligned with best practice according to the checklist criteria. Evaluations of driver education programs should recognize that novice drivers, in discussions with their instructors/supervisors, may have differing interpretations and values concerning various GDE goals, such as their awareness of critical risk factors. As a best practice, instructors should be prepared to ask the novice ‘How?’ and ‘Why?’ questions relevant to their GDE goal interpretations and values.

Substance use, social support and socio-demographic factors among commercial drivers in Ibadan

Commercial drivers often engage in long and irregular working hours, and as such suffer back pain, fatigue, stress and thereafter use some psychoactive substance to cope with their job. Even though most studies on substance use have been on general population, limited information is available on the use of substance and roles of socio-demographic factors among commercial drivers. This study therefore examined the roles of socio-demographic factors (age, years of driving, gender and social support) in substance use among commercial drivers in Ibadan, Nigeria.The study employed a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique to recruit 250 commercial drivers. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on socio-demographic information, social support and substance use from the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, Analysis of Variance and Independent t-test analysis. Results showed that years of driving significantly have a positive correlation with substance use. However, duration and hours spent on the driving did not have a significant independent relationship with substance use. Younger participants significantly engage more in substance use than older individuals. Similarly, female participants significantly engage more in substance use than male drivers. Additionally, participants with high social support mostly engage in substance use than participants with low social support. The study concluded that years of driving, age, gender and social support network of the drivers significantly plays an influencing roles in substance usage among commercial drivers in Ibadan. The study recommends that, in the organized substance use and abuse preventive program for drivers, the consideration for drivers’ socio-demographics factors is quite imperative, especially as more females and younger individuals with more social support are getting more involved in substance use.

Agresivní řízení a jeho projevy ve vztahu k rysům osobnosti, dalším osobnostním proměnným, situačnímu kontextu a možná preventivní opatření

Aggressive driving is an important phenomenon today. Our study describes aggressive driving, its specific manifestation, and analyses possible causes and the main context. It´s shown that aggressive driving is a complicated construct with multifactorial causes and has a wide range of manifestations, from mild forms to road rage. The main point of aggressive driving is such driver´s behaviour, which threatens or restricts other road users and leads to risky situations. Lots of studies find as the main reason for aggressive driving the personality characteristics (sensation-seeking, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and irritability), the personality structure Big Five seems to be a good predictor seems. Other studies rate as the key causes the situational factors, like traffic congestion, anonymity on the roads, and time pressure. The multifactorial approach evaluates this phenomenon as the result of internal and external factors. The important influencing factors are social norms and driving culture in a country. In conclusion, we discuss possible preventive measures for minimization of aggressive driving behaviour that should be complex and effect as individuals (therapeutic programs for aggressive drivers, education in driving schools preventive campaigns) so external environment (changes in road environment with the goal of minimization the driving pressure).

Improvement of hazard prediction accuracy after training: Moderation effect of driving self-efficacy and road safety attitudes of learner drivers

This paper explores effectiveness testing of a newly developed online hazard prediction training program for learner drivers. It also aims to evaluate the role of participants’ driving self-efficacy and road safety attitudes on program effectiveness. Eighty learner drivers who participated in standard driving training took part in the study. Forty-two of them were assigned to the experimental group and thirty-eight – to the control group. The experimental group was exposed to 2 × 45 min. intervention sessions delivered by a trained driver instructor in an online format. The scores of driving self-efficacy and road safety attitudes were assessed by self-reported measures at pre-test. The effectiveness of the program was tested by the improvement of Hazard prediction test accuracy from pre-test to post-test.Results reveal that hazard prediction skills improved only slightly in both experimental and control groups. The training effect occurs only for learner drivers who are men (effect size – d = 0.73), whereas no significant effect is found for women participants. The difference between pre-test and post-test variable does not correlate with either driving self-efficacy or road safety attitudes, therefore, the hypothesis of moderation effect is rejected.The new online program for hazard prediction skills improvement shows promising results for learner drivers, especially among men. The authors of the study advise a replication of the gender effect on the program effectiveness, and a gender-tailored alteration for the program.

Studying driving behavior and risk perception: a road safety perspective in Egypt

Roadway safety research indicates a correlation between drivers’ behavior, the demographics, and the local environment affecting the risk perception and roadway crashes. This research examines these issues in an Egyptian context by addressing three groups: private cars drivers, truck drivers, and public transportation drivers. A Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) was developed to capture information about drivers’ behavior, personal characteristics, risk perception, and involvement in crashes. The risk perception was captured subjectively by exposing participants to various visual scenarios representing specific local conditions to rank their perception of the situation from a safety perspective.Results indicated that the human factor, in particular, failure of keeping a safe following distance, was a major cause of crashes. The analyzed data was used to predict expected crash frequency based on personal attributes, such as age, driving experience, personality traits, and driving behavior, using negative binomial models. The study recommends that the DBQ technique, combined with risk perception scenarios, can be used to understand drivers’ characteristics and behaviors and collect information on the crashes they experience.Practically the study findings could provide series of recommendations to the local authorities about the introduction of the traffic management and noise control act; raising awareness of driving etiquette; setting and enforcing driving hours’ regulations, and consider specific training programs for beginners drivers.

Chinese Livery Drivers' Perspectives on Adapting a Community Health Worker Intervention to Facilitate Lung Cancer Screening.

Chinese immigrant livery drivers with a smoking history are at high risk for lung cancer. A culturally adapted community health worker (CHW) program may be an effective approach to increase lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake in this underserved group. Five focus groups were conducted with 39 Chinese immigrant male livery drivers with a smoking history in New York City to assess their needs, priorities, and preferences regarding the proposed intervention. Transcripts were qualitatively analyzed using Atlas. ti. Focus group participants were uncertain about whether smoking was associated with cancer, unfamiliar with LCS, and reported numerous barriers to LCS uptake. Most believed a CHW program to facilitate LCS would be acceptable and feasible, if tailored to meet their needs. Our results have implications for improving access to early detection of lung cancer and preventive care (e.g., culturally appropriate smoking cessation and health education programs) for Chinese livery drivers.

PECULIARITIES IN PERFORMING MEDICAL EXAMINATION TO ASSESS THE EXTENT OF ALCOHOL INTOXICATION OF DRIVERS ACCORDING TO THE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE AND SOME OTHER COUNTRIES

The aim: This study is aimed at conducting a comprehensive analysis of the Ukrainian legislation regulating the alcohol testing procedure for drivers, investigating the practice of its implementation, reviewing international experience in this field, and elaborating proposals for its improvement. Materials and methods: During the writing of the article, the current legislation of Ukraine is regulated, which regulates the procedure for medical examination to establish the state of intoxication of drivers, namely the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. This work meets the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki. Methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (dialectic method, inductive and deductive approaches), special investigative techniques. Conclusions: Our study has underlined the necessity to improve the legal regulation for more effective alcohol testing program for drivers in Ukraine. This implies the elaboration of guideline for alcohol testing procedure and its approval by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine; to specify and legislate maximum permissible indicator values of blood alcohol concentration; to set the list of drugs and other substances through regulation; to adopt administrative responsibility for driving while intoxicated with alcohol (from 0.2 ppm to 1.1), and criminal liability for driving under severe alcoholic intoxication (1.1 ppm and above).

Drink driving among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: What has been done and where to next?

The Australian Government will set the direction for addressing road safety over the next decade with its 2021–2030 National Road Safety Strategy. This road map will detail objectives and goals agreed upon by all Australian states and territories. Similar to previous national strategies, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australians are a high priority population. Indigenous Australians are over‐represented in serious injury and fatal road crashes, with alcohol a leading factor. Therapeutic and educational programs are a major strategy among the suite of measures designed to reduce and prevent drink driving in Australia. The release of this new strategy provides a timely opportunity to reflect on what is known about drink driving among Indigenous Australians and to consider the suitability of existing therapeutic and educational drink driving programs for Indigenous Australian contexts. Here, we summarise factors that contribute to drink driving in this population and identify outstanding knowledge gaps. Then, we present an overview of drink driving programs available for Indigenous Australians along with suggestions for why tailored programs are needed to suit local contexts. The response to address drink driving among Indigenous Australians has been fragmented Australia‐wide. A coordinated national response, with ongoing monitoring and evaluation, would improve policy effectiveness and inform more efficient allocation of resources. Together this information can help create suitable and effective drink driving programs for Indigenous drivers and communities Australia‐wide.

Association between driver and child passenger restraint: Analysis of community-based observational survey data from 2005 to 2019

Introduction: Crash data suggest an association between driver seatbelt use and child passenger restraint. However, community-based restraint use is largely unknown. We examined the association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint using data from a state-wide observational study. Methods: Data from Iowa Child Passenger Restraint Survey, a representative state-wide survey of adult seat belt use and child passenger safety, were analyzed. A total of 44,996 child passengers age 0–17 years were observed from 2005 to 2019. Information about driver seatbelt use and child restraint was directly observed by surveyors and driver age was reported. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint adjusting for vehicle type, community size, child seating position, child passenger age, and year. Results: Over the 15-year study period, 4,114 (9.1%) drivers were unbelted, 3,692 (8.2%) children were completely unrestrained, and another 1,601 (3.6%) children were improperly restrained (analyzed as unrestrained). About half of unbelted drivers had their child passengers unrestrained (51.8%), while nearly all belted drivers had their child passengers properly restrained (92.3%). Compared with belted drivers, unbelted drivers had an 11-fold increased odds of driving an unrestrained child passenger (OR = 11.19, 95%CI = 10.36, 12.09). The association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint was much stronger among teenage drivers. Unbelted teenage drivers were 33-fold more likely (OR = 33.34, 95%CI = 21.11, 52.64) to have an unrestrained child passenger. Conclusion: These data suggest that efforts to increase driver seatbelt use may also have the added benefit of increasing child restraint use. Practical applications: Enforcement of child passenger laws and existing education programs for new drivers could be leveraged to increase awareness of the benefits of seatbelt use for both drivers themselves and their occupants. Interventions aimed at rural parents could emphasize the importance of child safety restraints.

Assessing the Road Traffic Crashes among Novice Female Drivers in Saudi Arabia

Background: Recently (in 2018), females were legally allowed to drive and use automobiles in Saudi Arabia (SA) for the first time. This study investigated and analyzed the general fear of driving (GFDS), perceived self-confidence (PSCR), socio-economic variables, demographic distribution, and self-reported RTCs in novice female drivers from SA. Methods: The work was based on survey responses from 9608 participants from the first generation of female drivers from SA. Factor analysis was used to extract GFDS and PSCR scales. Results: Cronbach’s α values of 0.781 and 0.800 were observed for GFDS and PSCR, respectively. Logistic regression was employed to model road traffic collisions (RTCs) as a function of all significant variables. The results showed that of the 17.4% of geographically distributed respondents who reported RTCs, only 4% reported severe or minor injuries, and the rest (96.0%) of the accidents involved property damage. The GFDS and PSCR values showed a positive association with the RTCs of novice female drivers. Furthermore, age was not a significant influencing factor in the RTCs of novice female drivers. However, exposure factors were positively associated with the risk of RTC involvement. Conclusions: Female novice drivers who were single, divorced/widowed, employed, and had higher individual incomes were at higher risk of getting into RTCs. The female drivers who hired personal trainers, compared to those who did not, exhibited similar chances of getting involved in RTCs. An extra on-road in-traffic driving lesson is suggested to be included in the new-driver license training program for drivers with higher GFDS in SA.

A Concussion Education Programme for Motorsport Drivers: A Field-Based Exploratory Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Objective Concussion education strategies that improve knowledge and attitudes long term are needed. This exploratory study piloted an interactive concussion education program, adopting concepts from the learning sciences and attitude change literature, for the underserved and high-risk population of motorsports. Method Forty UK motorsport drivers (ages 16–20 years) participated. The workshop group received a two-phased workshop-based program. The comparison group received a concussion leaflet. Participants completed an adapted version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS-ST) at pre-, post- and 2-month follow-up. Within-group analysis for the workshop group explored the differential effect of the individual difference variable, Need for Cognition (NfC), and effectiveness was explored through post-workshop questionnaires and interviews. Results Unlike the comparison group, the workshop group showed a significant improvement in knowledge over time (F(2,58) = 45.49, p < .001, η2p = .61). Qualitative data indicated workshop-program participants developed safer attitudes toward concussion following programming. Preliminary evidence suggested individuals’ responses to concussion education aligned with differences in NfC. Conclusion This study piloted the first concussion education program for motorsport drivers and explored whether aligning educational provision with the NfC construct may help to improve program effectiveness. Findings are relevant to addressing the public health issue of concussion through educational approaches.

Drive aware training: A computerized training program for older drivers’ detection of road hazards

Objective Cognitive training for reducing crash rate can be delivered to older drivers via in-person on-road sessions, a driving simulator, or using computer-based cognitive methods. Despite established effectiveness, in-person on-road assessment and rehabilitation are expensive, and limited professional service may not be readily accessible; simulator-based training may not fit every driver due to simulator sickness. In comparison, computerized training is easier to implement and could be delivered with little cost to older drivers with computer access. Based on the Drive Aware Task, a validated measure of attentional processes in hazard detection, we developed a computerized cognitive training method with a focus on hazard detection. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of this newly-developed interactive training program in improving older drivers’ detection of road hazards. Methods Using a matched-pair design, nine triads of three older drivers (aged 65 or above) with matched pretest performance and gender were formed. For each triad, each participant was randomly allocated to one of the three groups: 1) active training group to receive the two training sessions (1.5–2.5h per session); 2) passive training group to receive two video-watching sessions (i.e., watch the video of training session performance from the corresponding paired participant); 3) no-contact control group. Older drivers’ performances on hazard detection and simulated driving were measured before and after training. Results The active training group showed significant training effects on the computerized hazard detection task and simulated driving performance, while there were only marginal effects in the passive training group and no effects in the no-contact control group. A post-training survey suggested older drivers were receptive to the Drive Aware training program. Conclusions The computerized Drive Aware training program has the potential to be used as a prevention and intervention tool to improve older drivers’ hazard detection performance. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of this tool in more diverse samples and in long-term outcomes.

Design of Multi-mode Heterogeneous Fusion Terminal for Power System

With the increasing demand of users and power supply quality in the power grid market, this puts forward higher requirements on the power system. However, the traditional power system has many limitations. People need to be able to upgrade on the basis of the traditional power grid to adapt to changing requirements. The purpose of this paper is to study the design of multi-mode heterogeneous fusion terminal in power system. This article is based on two wireless network technology solutions, GPRS wireless public network and LTE-230 wireless private network, a hardware development platform with STM32F107VCT6 microprocessor as the core, and a μ C/OS-III embedded real-time operating system software development platform, has designed the multi-mode heterogeneous fusion terminal of the electricity information collection system. This article deeply analyzes the demand for multi-mode heterogeneous fusion terminals of the electricity consumption information collection system, which is mainly used for the collection of electricity consumption information and the marketing and distribution automation management of power services; then it analyzes the work of the GPRS network and the LTE-230 network Principle and network system structure. This article designs the communication driver and application program, and analyzes the software architecture in detail. According to the logic processing structure of the internal data of the multi-mode heterogeneous fusion terminal, this article designs the data forwarding process in detail. In this paper, protocol conversion test, interface test and communication test are carried out on multi-mode heterogeneous fusion terminal. The test results show that when the system buffer K is 2 or 4, that is, if the average size of each message in the system is 100 Bytes, and the buffer is set to 800 Bytes, the system loss rate will approach zero.

Psychoactive Substance Use and Its Associated Factors among Truck Drivers in Ethiopia.

Background Road traffic accidents (RTAs) remain an important public health issue worldwide. Psychoactive substance use is one of the main contributors to the occurrence of traffic accidents, and its use by truck drivers is a global problem. Also, psychoactive substance use is a commonly observed behavior among truck drivers. To the best of our knowledge, no evidence shows the prevalence and factors associated with psychoactive substance use among truck drivers in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with psychoactive substance use among truck drivers in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 systematically selected truck drivers at Modjo dry port in Ethiopia, from February 1 to March 1, 2018. The data were collected through face-to-face individual interviews using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 4.2.0.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed to determine the association using crude and adjusted odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals. The level of significance was declared at p value < 0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 400 truck drivers interviewed, the overall one-month self-reported prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 70% (n = 280). In the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, aged 38 years and above (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.23-0.69]), Christianity religion (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.28-0.97]), college and university education (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI [1.27-9.47]), having a family size of 3 or more (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.20-0.60]), having 6 or more hours spent sleeping at night (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.28-0.75]), and rest breaks between driving (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI [1.14-3.97]) were significantly associated with psychoactive substance use. Conclusion The one-month prevalence of psychoactive substance use among truck drivers was remarkably high. We can conclude that psychoactive substance use is a public health problem among truck drivers, which is a major threat to themselves and others on the road. The sociodemographic and occupational factors are the factors associated with drivers' psychoactive substance use. Therefore, devising health education and counseling program for drivers to tackle the problem plays paramount importance.