Programmable Memory Research Articles

Programmable shape memory bismaleimide composite claw with two-way grabbing function

• A series of shape memory polymers (SMPs) based on bismaleimide (BMI) were synthesized. The BMI-based polymers are made of a 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM) matrix and chain extender polyether diamine poly(propyleneglycol) bis(2-aminopropylether) (D400). Then crosslinking agent 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) was added to form a crosslinking network. Last, it was toughened by adding liquid nitrile rubber (ETBN). • These BMI-based SMPs achieved wide T g ranges of 170-200 °C. This property allows these SMPs to remember two pre-deformed shapes. By designing the second pre-deformed shape similar to the original shape, the 2W-SME can be achieved. • Carbon fabric reinforced BMI-based shape memory composites (SMPCs) were prepared. By exploring the preparation process, the claw structure was formed with this BMI-based SMPC. The composite claw realizes the motion of reach out and grab 250g items. Functional polymer materials with a two-way shape memory effect (2W-SME) have attracted great interest recently. Herein, by introducing 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) into the bismaleimide (BMI) network, the shape memory polymers we synthesized are a series thermosetting polymers with adjustable T g and triple-shape memory effect(triple-SME), and realized two-way behavior by programming. Those shape memory polymers (SMPs) were toughened by acrylonitrile-butadienerubber (ETBN) and reinforced with carbon fabric to make composites. The cured network with varying transition temperatures and flexibility was synthesized by varying the cyanate ester and rubber concentration in the system. Polymers with a broad glass transition temperature ( T g ) range can achieve triple-SME. Due to the complex cross-linked structure, the two-way behavior demonstrated above for BMI-based SMPs stem from its broad T g ranges. Select two temperatures higher and lower than T g as the switching temperature, and fix the pre-deformed shape in the opposite direction at these two temperatures to achieve the two-way behavior. These BMI-based SMPs could grab objects through the design of the structure. Results indicated that the above BMI-based SMPs with two-way function have excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties, which provides the basic attempts for the further development of thermosetting SMPs and their composite materials.

Thermo-responsive self-folding feedstock with excellent shape memory programming

Thermo-responsive self-folding feedstock with excellent shape memory programming

Advancements in Compiler Design and Optimization Techniques

The modern period has seen advancements in compiler design, optimization technique, and software system efficiency. The influence of the most recent developments in compiler design and optimization techniques on program execution speed, memory utilization, and overall software quality is highlighted in this study. The design of the compiler is advanced by the efficient code that is now structured in research with high-speed performance without manual intervention. The influence of the most recent developments in compiler design and optimization techniques on program execution speed, memory utilization, and overall software quality is highlighted in this paper's thorough analysis.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ АРХИВОМ КАК ОБЪЕКТОМ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ

The main purpose of the article was to present an archive as an object of cultural heritage. Since the 19th century the concept of cultural heritage protection has been taking shape in philosophy and international law, which, in addition to architectural, museum and library objects, extends to archival collections. In the late 20th century the development of digital technologies contributed to the elaboration t of a new approach, which involved not only ensuring the safety, but also the availability of cultural property for all. For the effective implementation of new approaches, the cultural heritage protection policy is being replaced by the cultural heritage management paradigm. The management of a cultural heritage site must be carried out based on a specially developed Management Plan. The main aspects of documentary heritage management are regulated by the UNESCO Memory of the World Program. The management of an archive as an object of cultural heritage is carried out through the creation of the projects aimed at promoting information on archives and archival documents in society. The activities aimed at popularization of archives in the Republic of Belarus became especially urgent in connection with the implementation of the national plan of events for the Year of Historical Memory in 2022.

Coupling of the Simulation Planning and Power Flow Calculation Tools: Case Study of the Republic of Serbia

Planning of the national energy system by looking at alternative investment decisions through annual simulations (using the EnergyPlan tool) due to its (combinatorial) complexity leaves little room for explicitness regarding the network's impact on planning decisions and therefore there is a need to look at the power flows in the network. The investment decisions that are made remain with a degree of vagueness in the technical aspect, which can be removed with this connection. The CASE tool is used for numerous system calculations of power flows, shortcircuit currents, series faults, stability to small disturbances and transient stability. Calculations based on the calculation of power flows are also implemented in the program: network reduction, security (N-1 and N-X), NTC and OTDF/PTDF. The coupling of the CASE program and EnergyPlan was achieved through the output text file of EnergyPlan, which contains the total production of power plants by type, the total consumption of the system divided into several subtypes, export and import from the regulatory area. CASE loads the output file of EnergyPlan and distributes the total production by power plant types to each individual power plant in the system according to predefined distribution coefficients, while the total consumption is distributed proportionally to the existing loads by network nodes. Thus, a system model for power flow calculation is defined for each hour of the year. Calculation results for each hour are stored in the working memory of the CASE program and can be sorted by the most loaded element of the system, the largest exchange of the observed control area, losses in the control area, production by a certain type of power plant, consumption, etc. In this way, it is possible to efficiently analyse the operation of the system according to different criteria. First of all, the goal of this work is to couple the two software tools, which has not been realized until now, as well as the presentation of some of the most significant results selected from among the numerous options of state sorting. The result of the work is the integration of software tools that serve the benefit of planning activities in terms of their technical feasibility, that is, to examine more precisely whether a prospective scenario is realistic from the aspect of power flows in transmission grid.

«Экранизация» памяти о советской космонавтике: (вос)производство образов в современном российском космическом кино

This article is devoted to the analysis of the content and pragmatics of the memory of the Soviet space program in contemporary Russian cinema. The relevance of the problem is connected with the fact that in recent years the «cosmos» has again become a stable object of social imagination and an attractive setting for the mass media. Memories of Soviet cosmonautics feature prominently in modern Russian culture. This article, referring to full-length Russian films of the 2010s, considers the cinematographic representations of the Soviet space past as memory practices. Studying them with an emphasis on the semiotic, narrative, and discursive realities of films and images offers interpretations of the past that are relevant in the concrete historical conditions of socio-cultural production. The materials of the study showed that the film history of Soviet cosmonautics has two memory frames. The heroic image of Soviet cosmonautics embodied in a specific formula of historical cinema produces a kind of restoration of the Soviet patriotic canon turning the image into an inspiring symbol of history. The revision of images of the past also leads to the release of symbolic meanings attached to the Soviet space program, which allows film memory to become not a static snapshot of the past, but a dynamic cultural force.

Nanoarchitectonics composite hydrogels with high toughness, mechanical strength, and self-healing capability for electrical actuators with programmable shape memory properties.

Hydrogel materials show promise in various fields, including flexible electronic devices, biological tissue engineering and wound dressing. Nevertheless, the inadequate mechanical properties, recovery performance, and self-healing speed still constrain the development of intelligent hydrogel materials. To tackle these challenges, we designed a composite hydrogel with high mechanical strength, rapid self-recovery and efficient self-healing ability based on multiple synergistic effects. With the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonds, metal coordination bonds and electrostatic interaction, the synthesized hydrogel could reach a maximum tensile strength of 6.2 MPa and a toughness of 50 MJ m-3. The interaction between the weak polyelectrolyte polyethyleneimine and polyacrylic acid aided in improving the elasticity of the hydrogel, thereby endowing it with prompt self-recovery attributes. The multiple reversible effects also endowed the hydrogel with excellent self-healing ability, and the fractured hydrogel could achieve 95% self-healing within 4 h at room temperature. By the addition of glycerol, the hydrogel could also cope with a variety of extreme environments in terms of moisture retention (12 h, maintaining 80% of its water content) and freeze protection (-36.8 °C) properties. In addition, the composite hydrogels applied in the field of shape memory possessed programmable and reversible shape transformation properties. The polymer chains were entangled at high temperatures to achieve shape fixation, and shape memory was eliminated at low temperatures, which allowed the hydrogels to be reprogrammed and achieve multiple shape transitions. In addition, we also assemble composite hydrogels as actuators and robotic arms for intelligent applications.

Information storage materials based on liquid crystalline networks with programmable colors and shape memory

Information storage materials based on liquid crystalline networks with programmable colors and shape memory

Initial Experiences with Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in Patients Receiving Aducanumab Following Accelerated Approval.

Aducanumab is the first FDA-approved amyloid-lowering immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease. There is little real-world data to guide management of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), a potentially serious side-effect which requires surveillance with magnetic resonance imaging. We report our experiences in managing ARIA in patients receiving aducanumab at the Butler Hospital Memory and Aging Program during the year following FDA approval. We followed the Appropriate Use Recommendations for aducanumab to guide patient selection, detection, and management of ARIA (1). ARIA-E occurred in 6 out of 24 participants treated; all APOE-ε4 carriers. Treatment was discontinued in 4 cases of moderate-severe ARIA-E, temporarily held in 1 moderate case, and dosed through in 1 mild case (mean duration = 3 months, range, 1-6 months). No participants required hospitalization or high dose corticosteroids. Participants on anticoagulation were excluded and no macrohemorrhages occurred. These data support the measured approaches to treatment outlined in the Appropriate Use Recommendations.

Input Mapping Design for Batch-to-Batch Optimization With Limited Memory

This brief discusses data-driven design techniques for batch-to-batch optimization problems and proposes a new input-mapping-based online uncertainty compensation method for optimization-based iterative learning control (ILC) with limited memory. Since process uncertainties are generally inevitable, we collect historical data that incorporates past inputs and outputs to provide more insight into plant uncertain dynamics, resulting in a more accurate optimization model for optimal ILC solution. Instead of learning from a single step, our proposed method maintains a memory of the latest executed steps and updates the ILC solution using a linear combination of the memory and quadratic programming. A rigorous theoretical analysis shows that such a design provides robust benefits as well as asymptotic and monotonic stability properties under mild conditions. Finally, we demonstrate our design through an illustrative numerical example.

Разработка микроконтроллерного FMU ядра на базе ПЛИС для научной космической аппаратуры

A FMU (Flexible Microcontroller Unit) model of the core of a domestic FPGA is proposed with the purpose of obtaining characteristics superior in speed and type of data processing over modern domestic and foreign microcontrollers. The FMU core and its corresponding peripherals are designed on FPGA, which makes the architecture of the entire microcontroller flexible and allows its characteristics to be varied without the need to acquire other chips. The entire architecture is a single configuration file, written in the Verilog HDL and combining the core and peripheral blocks. At the request of the user, the number of peripheral modules сan be either increased or reduced. Parallel (multicore) data processing is also available, which function is absent in modern microcontrollers. The program for the configured microcontroller is written in a C-style language, which is converted into a binary package of a program loaded separately into the program memory of the microcontroller in question. To convert the source code into such a package, a corresponding C++ compiler was developed. The paper provides a block diagram of the kernel architecture, time diagrams of various packages and instructions, as well as a list of kernel commands. The test results presented in the paper demonstrate small time expenditures on executing some instructions for working with internal and external RAM. Conclusions are formulated and brief characteristics of the core are given.

Literature Review: The Description of the Stunting Memory Program Evaluation as an Effort to Optimize the Decline in the Stunting Incidence in the Pandemic Covid-19 Era

Background: Stunting is included in the category of chronic nutritional problems in children which is currently a top priority for nutritional problems in Indonesia. The condition of stunting can be described through the nutritional status of under-five during the growth and early development period of life caused by a lack of child nutrition at the age of the golden period or the 1000 HPK period (the first 1000 days of life). The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia reached 24.4% in 2021, which has decreased from 2018, which was 30.8%, this figure is high when compared to the world's stunting prevalence of (21.7%). The stunting prevention and control program (children born shortly) during the Covid-19 pandemic still needs to be reviewed and re-evaluated to optimize efforts to reduce the incidence of stunting. Objective: Knowing the description of the evaluation of the stunting prevention program as an effort to optimize the reduction in the incidence of stunting in the Covid-19 Pandemic era. Discussion: This journal article was written with inclusion criteria related to the stunting prevention program from 2021 to 2022 during the Covid-19 pandemic. The focus of the stunting prevention program led to the selection of ten journal articles for review in the writing of this journal article. According to the findings of the literature review, the evaluation of stunting prevention programs during the Covid-19 pandemic was quite good when implemented offline. Directly implemented programs effectively increase understanding of the intended research objectives. The results obtained through the stunting prevention program are aimed at research objectives, namely, the aim is to understand and understand the dangers of stunting in children, how to treat and prevent stunting in children, and how to prepare solid complementary food or healthy complementary food for stunted children. Conclusion: The health coaching approach to stunting targets uses various educational media and the provision of MP-ASI and PMT, which has been extensively researched, and is considered very effective in increasing public awareness paying attention to health, especially fulfilling nutrition during the Covid-19 pandemic, so that efforts to reduce the incidence rate of stunting can be optimized.

Rebalancing TGFβ1/BMP signals in exhausted T cells unlocks responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

T cell dysfunctionality prevents the clearance of chronic infections and cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic programming in dysfunctional CD8+ T cells limits their response to immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, it is unclear which upstream signals drive acquisition of dysfunctional epigenetic programs, and whether therapeutically targeting these signals can remodel terminally dysfunctional T cells to an ICB-responsive state. Here we innovate an in vitro model system of stable human T cell dysfunction and show that chronic TGFβ1 signaling in posteffector CD8+ T cells accelerates their terminal dysfunction through stable epigenetic changes. Conversely, boosting bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling while blocking TGFβ1 preserved effector and memory programs in chronically stimulated human CD8+ T cells, inducing superior responses to tumors and synergizing the ICB responses during chronic viral infection. Thus, rebalancing TGFβ1/BMP signals provides an exciting new approach to unleash dysfunctional CD8+ T cells and enhance T cell immunotherapies.

A Gate Programmable van der Waals Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Vertical Heterojunction Memory.

Ferroelectricity, one of the keys to realize non-volatile memories owing to the remanent electric polarization, is an emerging phenomenon in the 2D limit. Yet the demonstrations of van der Waals (vdW) memories using 2D ferroelectric materials as an ingredient are very limited. Especially, gate-tunable ferroelectric vdW memristive device, which holds promises in future multi-bit data storage applications, remains challenging. Here, a gate-programmable multi-state memory is shown by vertically assembling graphite, CuInP2 S6 , and MoS2 layers into a metal(M)-ferroelectric(FE)-semiconductor(S) architecture. The resulted devices seamlessly integrate the functionality of both FE-memristor (with ON-OFF ratios exceeding 105 and long-term retention) and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOS-FET). Thus, it yields a prototype of gate tunable giant electroresistance with multi-levelled ON-states in the FE-memristor in the vertical vdW assembly. First-principles calculations further reveal that such behaviors originate from the specific band alignment between the FE-S interface. Ourfindings pave the way for the engineering of ferroelectricity-mediated memories in future implementations of 2Dnanoelectronics.

Evaluation of the Shape Memory Effect of Random and Aligned Electrospun Polyurethane Mats with Different Fibers Diameter.

Fibrous shape memory scaffolds composed of thermoplastic polyurethane based on a mixture of polycaprolactone diols were fabricated. The effect of the fiber diameter and arrangement- random (rPU) or aligned (aPU), on crystallinity, mechanical properties, and shape memory was analyzed. The diameters of the fibers were controlled by changing the concentration of polyurethane (PU) solutions in the range of 5% to 16% and fibers alignment by utilization of different collectors. The chemical structure was confirmed by Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), crystallinity was evaluated based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC,) and mechanical properties were measured by the tensile test. Additionally, shape memory programming was performed using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and shape recovery was evaluated in the air and in the water environment. DSC results showed that the electrospinning process did not change the crystallinity or melting temperature of synthesized thermoplastic polyurethanes. The melting temperature of the crystalline switching segments was around 26-27 °C, and the crystalline phase of hard segments was around 130 °C. Shape memory properties were analyzed in the contest of the fiber diameter and alignment of the fibers, while changes in the fibers' diameters from 360 nm to 1760 nm did not result in significant changes in shape recovery coefficient (Rr) especially evaluated in the air. The longitudinal fiber alignment enhanced mechanical and shape recovery to up to 96% for aPU, with the highest fiber diameter when evaluated in water.

Deep learning based data prefetching in CPU-GPU unified virtual memory

Unified Virtual Memory (UVM) relieves the developers from the onus of maintaining complex data structures and explicit data migration by enabling on-demand data movement between CPU memory and GPU memory. However, on-demand paging soon becomes a performance bottleneck of UVM due to the high latency caused by page table walks and data migration over interconnect. Prefetching is considered a promising solution to this problem given its ability to leverage the locality of program memory access patterns. However, existing locality-based prefetching schemes can not handle all the situations. An ideal prefetcher should not only look at narrow regions of the requested address space but also capture global context to deliver a good prediction of the memory access pattern. This paper proposes a novel framework for page prefetching for UVM through deep learning. We first show that a powerful Transformer learning model can provide high accuracy for UVM page prefetching. We then perform analysis to interpret this Transformer model and derive several insights that allow us to design a simpler model to match the unconstrained model's accuracy with orders of magnitude lower cost. We use a pattern-based method to make the UVM page preditor general to different GPU workloads. We evaluate this framework on a set of 11 memory-intensive benchmarks from popular benchmark suites. Our solution outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) UVM framework, improving the performance by 10.89%, improving the device memory page hit rate by 16.98% (89.02% vs. 76.10% for prior art), and reducing the CPU-GPU interconnect traffic by 11.05%. According to our proposed unified metric, which combines the accuracy, coverage, and page hit rate, our solution is approaching the ideal prefetching scheme more than the SOTA design (0.90 vs. 0.85, with the perfect prefetcher of 1.0).

Programmable logic controller memory management vulnerability analysis

Programmable logic controller (PLC) is omnipresent in industrial control system (ICS), which plays an imperative part in critical infrastructures. However, once a PLC is compromised by an attacker, it will create destructive effects on critical infrastructures. The memory systems in PLCs are considered significant targets for attackers to disrupt real-world physical processes. In this paper, we proposed five types of attacks on the PLC memory management mechanism. Furthermore, we evaluated the feasibility of our memory attack generation approach on six PLCs from three leading controller vendors. A total of 22 memory attack payloads are implemented with several vulnerabilities on the target PLCs.

Association Between Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Blood‐Based Autoantibody Biomarkers

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms are frequently observed along the Alzheimer disease (AD) continuum. Recent research has shown that blood‐based biomarkers are able to identify early AD‐related pathological changes associated with (1) preclinical AD (before the onset of clinical/functional symptoms), (2) mild cognitive impairment (MCI; with clinical symptoms and relatively spared functional decline), and (3) AD (obvious clinical and functional symptoms). Evidence for the potential diagnostic utility of serum autoantibodies has been extensively studied. The purpose of this study is to explore whether blood levels of specific autoantibodies used in the diagnostic biomarkers panels are linked with specific behavioral changes observed along the AD continuum.MethodUsing a customized panel of three AD‐specific autoantibody biomarkers and Luminex xMAP® technology, sera from patients (n=46; female = 30, mean age = 73.4) from the Memory and Aging Program at Rowan University were analyzed. All patients, irrespective of diagnosis (cognitively normal, MCI, AD) were included. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to gather data pertaining to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Partial correlations, controlling for age and education, for each neuropsychiatric symptom was employed.ResultTwo of the three autoantibody biomarkers showed an association with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Biomarkers 2 and 3 both showed a significant correlation with total neuropsychiatric score (r= .255, p= .047; r= .345, p= .01, respectively). Delusions, hallucinations, depression, anxiety, and irritability symptoms were not associated with either biomarker. Biomarker 2 was associated with apathy (r= .365, p=.007), agitation (r= .345, p= .011), disinhibition (r=.316, p=.018), and appetite changes (r= .302, p= .023). Biomarker 3 was associated with elation (r= .328, p= .015), aberrant motor behaviors (r= .331, p=.014), sleep behaviors (r= .483, p=.001), and appetite changes (r= .372, p=.006).ConclusionResults demonstrate an association between neuropsychiatric symptoms often observed in the AD continuum and specific blood‐based autoantibody biomarkers using Luminex xMAP® bead‐based technology. The autoantibody biomarker panel serves as an accurate, non‐invasive, and inexpensive diagnostic screener for preclinical AD, MCI, and AD. These biomarkers can not only distinguish different stages of AD, typically diagnosed using cognitive/functional assessments, increased blood levels of specific autoantibody biomarkers are also associated with commonly observed neuropsychiatric features.

Combining reduction with synchronization barrier on multi‐core processors

SummaryWith the rise of multi‐core processors with a large number of cores, the need for shared memory reduction that performs efficiently on a large number of cores is more pressing. Efficient shared memory reduction on these multi‐core processors will help share memory programs be more efficient. In this article, we propose a reduction method combined with a barrier method that uses SIMD read/write instructions to combine barrier signaling and reduction value to minimize memory/cache traffic between cores, thereby reducing barrier latency. We compare different barriers and reduction methods on three multi‐core processors and show that the proposed combining barrier/reduction methods are 4 and 3.5 times faster than respectively GCC 11.1 and Intel 21.2 OpenMP 4.5 reduction.

Optimization and fabrication of programmable domains for soft magnetic robots: A review.

Driven by the aim of realizing functional robotic systems at the milli- and submillimetre scale for biomedical applications, the area of magnetically driven soft devices has received significant recent attention. This has resulted in a new generation of magnetically controlled soft robots with patterns of embedded, programmable domains throughout their structures. This type of programmable magnetic profiling equips magnetic soft robots with shape programmable memory and can be achieved through the distribution of discrete domains (voxels) with variable magnetic densities and magnetization directions. This approach has produced highly compliant, and often bio-inspired structures that are well suited to biomedical applications at small scales, including microfluidic transport and shape-forming surgical catheters. However, to unlock the full potential of magnetic soft robots with improved designs and control, significant challenges remain in their compositional optimization and fabrication. This review considers recent advances and challenges in the interlinked optimization and fabrication aspects of programmable domains within magnetic soft robots. Through a combination of improvements in the computational capacity of novel optimization methods with advances in the resolution, material selection and automation of existing and novel fabrication methods, significant further developments in programmable magnetic soft robots may be realized.