Funding For Programs Research Articles

Проблемы и находки депутатов «лихих 90-х»: к 30-летию Народного Хурала Республики Бурятия

A special problem in the work of deputies of regional parliaments of the "dashing 90s" was the constant lack of budget funds for vital social programs, education and health care. The nonpayment of salaries for several months, primarily to teachers and doctors, was difficult to overcome; the unfair privatization of public and state property, the real events of the consequences of the war in Chechnya of 1994-1998, unbridled crime, etc. A special Khural laboratory was established in the structure of the National Academy of Sciences and operated throughout the first convocation. The surveys allowed us to better understand people's psychology, their specific daily aspirations, diagnose their mood and attitude to emerging situations. A truthful and honest diagnosis of public opinion made it possible in some cases to make decisions and legislative acts consistent with the situation. At the fourth session, the symbols of the republic – the coat of arms and the anthem – were adopted, the work on the preparation of projects of which took a long time. Deputies of the People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia managed to hold two parliamentary hearings in Ulan-Ude together with deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation: on the draft law "On Lake Baikal" (1994) and "On the plan of priority measures for the implementation of the concept of State National Policy of the Russian Federation" (1996). In both hearings, they adopted The participation of "neighbors": deputies of the Legislative Assembly of the Irkutsk region, representatives of the administration of the Ust-Ordynsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug.

The Effect of Training and Competence on Career Development Through Talent Management as an Intervening Variable (Case Study of Cahya Kerja Company)

This study uses talent management as an intervening variable to examine how training and competency affect career advancement. PT. Cahya Kerja served as the research subject for this study. The study methodology combines path analytic techniques with a quantitative approach, and smart-pls is used as a data processor. Utilizing pertinent statistical analysis, the gathered data is assessed. According to the study's findings, funding for competency and training programs improves talent management. According to the study's findings, talent management is a factor that modifies the connection between career advancement, competence, and training. These findings offer valuable information to the organization, highlighting the significance of funding employee competency, training, development, and talent management in fostering career growth. This study has useful ramifications for human resource management and contributes to our understanding of the variables influencing career development within the framework of PT. Cahya Kerja.

АНАЛІЗ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МІКРОКВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ ТА ІНШИХ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ КРАЇНАХ

This paper presents the pan-European requirements for micro-credentials, that is, the formalisation of learning outcomes obtained by a person after short-term training. The main goal of the research was to explore the state of implementation and prospects for the development of micro-credentials in the professional education systems of various participating countries of the "Beyond Europe with micro-credentials" project. The main research tool was a detailed questionnaire, which allowed to collect and analyse data on existing programmes and initiatives in Serbia, Montenegro, the Republic of North Macedonia, Georgia, Armenia, and Ukraine. The results of the study testify to the presence of common trends in the development of micro-credentials, such as growing popularity of micro-credentials among employers and students of education; focus on the development of flexible and adaptive programmes that meet the needs of the labour market; use of the latest technologies in teaching and assessment. At the same time, the analysis revealed certain problems and challenges that need to be solved, in particular, the lack of a strong regulatory framework for regulating micro-credentials; insufficient financing of relevant programmes; low awareness of micro-credentials among the population and employers. Threats to the introduction of micro-credentials include the following: competition from traditional education, rapid technological changes, economic instability, non-recognition of educational documents, threat to legislative regulation, regulatory obstacles, and technological barriers. Conclusions were made about the prospects for the development of micro-credentials in the vocational education and training systems of the studied countries, as well as the need for joint efforts of governments, educational institutions, businesses, and other interested parties for the development and promotion of micro-qualifications. Based on the results of the analysis, the following is recommended, in particular: create a favourable environment for the introduction of micro-qualifications; invest in education and innovation; develop partnerships with international organisations, educational institutions, and the labour market; implement technologies and develop digital literacy; constantly update programmes of micro-qualifications.

Development and Implementation of Training Resource Package for School Heads

This study aimed to develop a training resource package and implement and evaluate the training program for Western Visayas school heads based on their priority competency needs, according to the Philippine Professional Standards for School Heads (PPSSH). Using the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) model, this descriptive developmental study identified the priority competency needs of school heads, assessed the quality of the Training Resource Package, measured participants' learning before and after the program, and evaluated their satisfaction with the training sessions, venue and accommodation, program management, and resource persons. Statistical analyses included mean and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a significance level 0.05. Results showed that school heads' needs covered learning assessment, teaching standards, school planning, professional development, learner discipline, school facilities, learning environment, teacher performance feedback, and learner achievement. A Training Design and Proposal encompassed program title, description, prerequisites, duration, management level, target participants, budget, activity requirements, funding sources, rationale, objectives, outputs, training methods, and action plan. The Training Resource Package was rated high quality (M=3.0). Among 104 randomly selected school heads from 21 School Divisions in Region VI, participants' competence increased from "highly competent" (M=66.99%) to "very highly competent" (M=96.19%) post-training, with a significant improvement (p=0.00 < α). Participants reported strong satisfaction with sessions (M=3.99), program management (M=3.99), venue (M=3.99), accommodation (M=3.98), and resource speakers (M=3.99). It is recommended that school heads should apply the competencies acquired from the training program to improve instructional supervision practices, enhance school leadership, and advocate for opportunities for teachers and staff to participate in similar training programs to foster continuous growth and improvement within the school community. Furthermore, as instructional leaders, school heads should design and implement relevant and needs-based professional development programs for teachers.

The CFA Program and Mutual Fund Voting on Environmental and Social Proposals

The CFA Program and Mutual Fund Voting on Environmental and Social Proposals

A narrative review of strategies to improve childhood vaccination coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Background: Childhood vaccination is a fundamental human right and a core component of successful primary care. It has positive benefits on population health as it reduces the burden and costs associated with infectious diseases. Main Body: Despite the immense benefits of childhood vaccination, vaccine coverage remains poor in many Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) due to several barriers. Examples of these barriers include parental misperceptions about vaccine safety, poor vaccine distribution networks and insufficient funding for childhood vaccination programs. It is therefore necessary to design suitable and effective strategies to overcome these barriers. Conclusion: This narrative review article discusses effective strategies to improve vaccine coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).

Estimating the Total Annual Economic Loss Attributed to Climate Variations in Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary: The Case of Fishing and Farming Activities in Talacogon, Agusan del Sur, Philippines

The cost of alterations in the quantity or quality of ecosystem services (ES) that are traded on commercial markets can be approximated with the aid of a revealed preference approach, such as the market price method. This study used the market price method to estimate the total annual economic loss from the changes in the demand and supply of fish and crops due to climate variations in Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary (AMWS). Household interviews were done in the municipality of Talacogon using four sets of structured survey instruments to gather information such as the quantity supplied monthly by fisherfolks and farmers as well as the quantity demanded by residents at different market prices. The consumer surplus and producer surplus during peak and off-seasons were calculated to estimate the annual loss in economic benefits to consumers and producers. The most commonly consumed and produced products in terms of fishing and farming were Channa striata and Oryza sativa L., respectively. Climate variations have an impact on both fishing and farming commercial activities. During the dry season (March to August), fewer fish are caught due to low water levels in rivers and lakes, while crops cannot be planted during the wet season (September to February) because a lot of land areas are flooded. The total annual economic loss was calculated at PHP 99,974.50. This estimated monetary value can be a basis for decision-makers and concerned stakeholders to efficiently allocate funds for sustainable programs to capacitate the fisherfolks and farmers to increase adaptation mechanisms for climate variations.

Identifying key barriers to nonprofit organizations' adoption of technology innovations

AbstractDespite substantial innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) that could benefit non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), NGOs are not using ICT yet to their full potential – especially compared to the ICT use in the private sector. Such behavior appears counterintuitive as one would expect NGOs to use every available resource to further their important mission. However, reservations appear to remain even though several case studies demonstrated the value ICT can generate for NGOs. Through a series of 20 interviews with NGOs of various sizes and backgrounds, we examined the use of ICT along the NGO value chain (program design, fundraising, fund management, and program delivery). We find a distinct prioritization of ICT support along the value chain. Based on these findings, we identify six sector‐specific reasons for NGOs not to use ICT for certain activities. With these, we add to known reasons in the literature and offer important avenues for further research.

Health policy in the European Union

The purpose of this article is to present the problem of medical law in European terms. This article discusses the topic of European Union health policy. The history of EU integration in terms of the law governing medical standards will be traced. Specific provisions of the treaties and the most important directives will be discussed as well as landmark cases decided by the CJEU. Another element of the article is a summary of the community’s activities in terms of EU funding for health programmes through the European Health Plans. The change in funding and the emphasis on different is gradually transforming the way EU health policy is viewed. The article explains how the EU’s solutions work and the phenomena occurring within it, and this translates into understanding and being able to create future solutions that are better for Europeans.

How important is integration to the successful ‘roll out’ of specialist hospital discharge schemes for people who are homeless?

In 2021, we published research funded by the UK National Institute for Health Research that demonstrated the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of specialist hospital discharge schemes for people who are homeless. A key finding of the research was that areas that had a specialist homeless hospital discharge scheme had fewer delayed discharges and could reduce their emergency readmissions among homeless patients by 14%. This positive outcome attracted the attention of national health policy makers who allocated £16 million funding to 17 local authority areas to “roll out” new schemes. This paper reports the preliminary findings of an implementation evaluation. We assess how important integration was in those areas that successfully translated the evidence about “what works’ into practice. This presentation is targeted at academics and commissioners of integrated care.
 The evaluation employed a positive deviance (appreciative enquiry) methodology. This approach seeks out exceptionally performing sites, investigates the underlying factors contributing to the successful behaviours and strategies, and plans an appropriate means to replicate these with the aim to effect a change. The rationale behind appreciative inquiry is that solutions to common problems mostly exist within clinical/practice communities rather than externally with policy makers or managers.
 The first step of the evaluation was to collect audit (performance) data from the 17 local authorities taking part in the programme. Audit data was then used to select three case studies sites that demonstrated high performance against key metrics such as having a shorter length of stay in ‘step-down’ services (longer stays being indicative of housing shortages and difficulties maintaining flow through the system). In the case study sites, reflective interviews and focus groups then sought to establish what factors underpinned this successful implementation. This included interviews with a range of key stakeholders including people with lived experience of homelessness and transitions out-of-hospital (over sixty stakeholders in total).
 Integration was found to be a key factor in understanding successful implementation at many different levels - from building the initial strategic vision to delivering quality in frontline service delivery. Often this was ‘relational’ integration where building social networks in strategic places was the main factor in determining routinization and sustainability. Often boundary spanning was key where ‘homeless commissioners’ needed to cross the divide into the unfamiliar world of health service commissioning. Relational working required a dedicated project manager with highly developed skills in business planning, evaluation and policy literacy to negotiate the many hurdles that stood in the way of the routinization of specialist care. Successful sites also involved people with lived experience of homeless in meaningful rather than tokenistic activities, integrating their knowledge of services and practice to ensure compassion was at the forefront of practice. Taking an in-depth qualitative perspective on successful implementation is important as very few of the 17 test sites managed to sustain their new services once the initial programme funding had run out.

Integrated Health and Social Care In A Woman's Shelter and Multi-Service Agency

Introduction: Evidence exists demonstrating that integrated health and social care (IHSC) can support enhanced care for highly vulnerable and marginalized population groups. One such group are homeless women. Street Haven (SH) is a multi-service women’s agency that serves homeless women who suffers from the intersection of critical health, social and financial disadvantages living in one of the poorest urban neighbourhoods in Toronto, Canada. SH provides shelter, supported housing, addictions treatment and training support services. Over the past ten years, client acuity has increased the health and social care needs of vulnerable women. The pandemic has exacerbated this. Clients have experienced chronic homelessness which is connected to trauma. They also suffer from mental illness conditions, and chronic diseases including respiratory illnesses, and gastro-intestinal illness, and diabetes. Street Haven has engaged in integrated health and social care (IHSC) to ensure that more comprehensive care can respond to the increasing client care complexity. 
 Approach: IHSC coordination with community partners have been undertaken in order to address unmet health and social care. Within the SH shelter services, partnerships with primary health care partners, hospital services and community-based crisis and mental health teams have been established. As a result, a primary care physician and psychiatrist can be accessed once weekly on site by clients. Homeless women are then attached to a physician and psychiatrist while accessing SH services. In addition, when clients experience crisis, community-based outreach mental health and crisis teams are dispatched by other organizations to SH locations. The SH addiction treatment residence services also integrate with psychiatry services with a community clinical services agency and with the community crisis team to introduce crisis and psychiatric supports for addiction service clients. Lastly, SH works with community policing to ensure that women who exhibit behaviours stemming from crisis, may have benefit of community policing services that provide SH and client with protection while offering crisis supports at the same time. They help to divert clients from hospital and correctional services.
 Results: IHSC enables SH to better meet the needs of its highly complex client base within its premises. Several benefits of the IHSC include the identification of unmet health and social care needs of our clients including psychiatric and mental health needs and management of chronic diseases and medication prescription needs; enhanced client community engagement through the referral and coordination of services with community health and social care partner agencies; minimization of crisis events on SH premise sites; and minimizing utilization of acute car and correctional services. The competencies that are absent in the organization are available due to IHSC.
 Lessons Learned: IHSC can act as a lever for women’s shelter and addiction treatment services to provide more comprehensive health and social care services. IHSC is crucial considering the austerity in government program funding in Toronto and Ontario. IHSC is another means to better serve marginalized, homeless and impoverished women to ensure that they have more equitable access to health and social care services especially where there is a gender-bias against women’s services in Toronto. 

Optimizing Child-Friendly School Environments through Ethnopedagogical Management Strategies

This study discusses implementing the Child Friendly School program based on ethnopedagogy concepts in Gorontalo Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was used through research at MTs Negeri 1 Telaga Biru, SMP Negeri 1 Limboto, and SMA Negeri 1 Telaga. The subjects of the study involved the entire school community directly involved in the program's implementation. Purposive sampling techniques are used to determine research subjects according to the objectives of this study. Data collection instruments consist of interviews, observations, and documentation. The study results show that Ethno pedagogy in the Child-Friendly School Program is integrated into various school activities, such as integrated activities, literacy and environmental management, that refer to Gorontalo's local values and culture. However, there are obstacles and challenges related to school-institution collaboration, school infrastructure renewal, program funding, cultural facilities, geographical location, and foreign cultural influences. This finding is expected to be a reference for other educational institutions in implementing the Child-Friendly School Program and as an evaluation for the three institutions studied to improve and improve the process of implementing this program.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction with Tunable Selectivity

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the core reaction in electrocatalysis systems such as fuel cells, metal-air batteries and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) electro-generation. The ORR reaction mechanism has two possible pathways, namely, two-electron (2e−) or four-electron (4e−) processes that enable a reduction of oxygen into H2O2 or water (H2O), respectively. Both paths are useful where the former can provide on-site direct production of H2O2 and the latter is desired in fuel cells and batteries since it enables higher energy efficiency. Optimal ORR electrocatalyst should exhibit high activity, selectivity, stability, and low cost. Carbon materials modified with heteroatoms (e.g. nitrogen (N)) are considered potential alternatives for costly noble metal catalysts including Pt for ORR in fuel cells, and Au for the ORR to H2O2 (1,2). The typical synthesis procedure for the porous nitrogen-doped carbons (N–C) is based on the single or multiple pyrolysis steps of nitrogen-rich carbon precursor. The reactions required a pyrolysis step at the temperature range of 500-1200 °C and timing of one to tens of hours. Such processes showed a highly negative environmental impact due to high energy consumption. The production of 1 ton of activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock requires 669.83 kWh (equivalent to an emission of 62.78 tons of CO2) (3). The synthesis of the N–C by microwave (MW) irradiation can reduce energy usage and ensure a more environmentally sustainable and economically viable approach. This procedure necessitates non-transparent materials to electromagnetic waves that can convert MW energy into heat and simultaneously enable the carbonization of the starting material.This work investigated the electrocatalytic activity towards ORR for N–C–MW catalysts derived from polyaniline (PANI) prepared in a one-step MW carbonization approach. PANI was selected due to two reasons: (i) N–C made by thermal pyrolysis of PANI showed improved electrocatalytic activity toward ORR where both the 4e− and the 2e− electron transfer pathways are feasible depending on the nature of active sides (4), (ii) PANI displayed good MW adsorption properties (5). The work aimed to identify the influence of the MW reaction condition on the resulting structure of the N–C–MW and the direction of the ORR. The N–C–MW samples were prepared under MW power of 450 and 800 W and time of 70, 140 and 210 s. The ORR activity of N–C–MW samples was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in the alkaline media (O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH). The experiment was performed in a three-electrode configuration composed of a rotating ring (Pt)–disk (glassy carbon) electrode (RRDE), a graphite rod as the counter electrode and a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) as the reference electrode. An influence of catalyst loading on disk electrode (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/cm2) was analyzed. All investigated MW reaction conditions resulted in the formation of porous disordered carbon structures with nitrogen and oxygen functionalities confirmed by X-ray photon-electron spectroscopy. The shorter time (70 s) and lower power (450 W) of MW treatment resulted in the formation of structures with a low carbonization rate and simultaneously a relatively poor catalytic activity for ORR (an onset potential of ∼0.65 V vs RHE). The samples carbonized under moderate (power of 450 W and 800 W, time of 140 s) and severe (power of 450 W, time of 210 s) reaction conditions showed higher selectivity to H2O2 or water H2O, respectively. The selectivity of 80 % to H2O2 was achieved for the N–C–MW-800W-140s sample at the potential of 0.6 V vs RHE at the catalyst loading of 0.05 mg/cm2. The results showcase the potential of MW carbonization in producing ORR electrocatalysts with diverse functionalization, leading to modified reaction selectivity that can be utilized in various electrocatalytic applications. Acknowledgments The research leading to these results was supported by the Johannes Amos Comenius Programme, European Structural and Investment Funds, project 'CHEMFELLS V‘ (No. CZ.02.01.01/00/22_010/0003004). References Yang, S. et al., Toward the decentralized electrochemical production of H2O2: A focus on the catalysis. ACS Catalysis, 2018.Bouleau, L. et al., Best practices for ORR performance evaluation of metal-free porous carbon electrocatalysts. Carbon, 2022.Wang, YX. et al., Quantifying environmental and economic impacts of highly porous activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass for high-performance supercapacitors. Energies, 2022.Silva, R. et al., Efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction: Polyaniline-derived N- and O-doped mesoporous carbons. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013.Oyharçabal, M. et al., Influence of the morphology of polyaniline on the microwave absorption properties of epoxy polyaniline composites. Composites Science and Technology, 2013. Figure 1

ON THE FRONTLINES: TRAINING A DEMENTIA CAREGIVING WORKFORCE IN CALIFORNIA

Abstract Direct care workers who provide in-home care – such as caregivers hired by consumers of California’s Medicaid-funded In-Home Supportive Services (IHSS) program – are well positioned to observe changes in their consumer’s cognition, health, or behaviors. This proximity to consumers better allows for reporting to healthcare partners, which may reduce risk of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and other adverse outcomes that are disproportionately high among people living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Despite their vital role in supporting people living with ADRD, IHSS caregivers receive minimal formal training for their unique position. To address this training gap, the IHSS+ ADRD Training Project is a five-year effort funded by the California Department of Public Health to train 720 IHSS caregivers in Alameda and Los Angeles counties, with classes in English, Spanish, Cantonese, and Mandarin. To date, 582 IHSS caregivers have been trained. Using a pre-posttest design, our preliminary findings indicate statistically significant increases in dementia knowledge and self-efficacy that could bolster caregiver’s skills. These results also reveal that IHSS caregivers value training opportunities to better support their consumers. Correlations between caregiver training outcomes and healthcare utilization patterns of their consumers were further examined by evaluating administrative data before and after the training. The results need to be further understood in the context of COVID-19 and the ADRD illness trajectory. Implications include expanding long-term funding for multi-week training programs, which aligns with the California Master Plan for Aging’s goal to support and create one million high-quality caregiving jobs by 2030.

LESSONS LEARNED FROM DIGITAL EQUALITY RESEARCH WITH COMMUNITY PARTNERS

Abstract Despite strong interest among policymakers and service providers and a pipeline of Federal funding for programs that address digital inequalities in older adults, there is limited research on the challenges and outcomes of programs designed to reduce the digital divide. To better understand these issues, we compared and contrasted challenges and lessons learned administering digital inclusion projects in California and Rhode Island. In California, challenges included the complexity of state and local interface, managing public-private partnerships, and deciding on and communicating roles and responsibilities through the required formal channels. In Rhode Island, timing and communication were challenging because universities and community partners operate on different calendar systems and cater to different demands. For both programs, ensuring that training and technical support were available, accessible, and appropriate for diverse populations of older adults was a challenge. However, the training and support approaches were different as California leveraged private and non-profit partnerships while Rhode Island used university student mentors. Further, the rollout and data collection needed to evaluate the programs created barriers and slowed the process, including partners’ language capabilities not matching the participants’ and the time-consuming nature of data collection via telephone. Nevertheless, in both states, research opportunities afforded by collaborating with state and local agencies and private sector providers were invaluable. Partnerships allowed older adults to participate in research via a trusted organization with linguistic and cultural sensitivity, and researchers accessed underserved populations less likely to participate in research.

LEVERAGING PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) APPROACH FOR TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES

he study examined leveraging Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach for technology-driven teaching and learning of entrepreneurship in Southeast Nigerian Universities. Two research questions were answered while two hypotheses were tested. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 203 respondents for the study. The instrument for data collection for the study was a structured questionnaire and face-validated by three experts. To obtain the reliability of the instrument, Cronbach Alpha reliability technique was used which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.934, indicating that the instrument was about 93% reliable for data collection for the study. Out of the 203 copies of the questionnaire administered, 194 copies were completely responded to, returned and considered suitable for the study. Data were analysed using mean and t-test statistics. From the data analysed, the results identified 12 Public Private Partnership (PPP) approaches for technology-driven teaching and learning of entrepreneurship studies and 15 potentials of well-coordinated Public Private Partnership (PPP) for technology-driven teaching and learning of entrepreneurship studies in southeast Nigerian Universities. The results on the hypotheses tested showed that no significant (p<0.05) difference existed in the mean ratings of the responses of Entrepreneurship Studies Lecturers and Administrators. Based on these findings, the study recommended improved collaborations of public institutions with private investors for adequate funding and management of entrepreneurship programmes to actualize technology-driven instruction for quality education in Nigeria.

Funding The Student Creativity Programs (PKM) In The Triple Helix For The Independence Of The Defense Industry

The urgency of funding student creativity programs within the Triple Helix framework to encourage the independence of the defense industry is a step forward in making economic progress, especially the defense industry. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis method is used as a research framework to evaluate the internal and external factors that influence the success of the program. This research reveals that funding for student creativity programs has a significant urgency in strengthening the defense industry. Through collaboration between students, industry and the government, this program is able to generate innovation, research and development of new technologies that can increase the competitiveness of the defense industry. The SWOT analysis shows that the strengths of the student creativity program in Triple Helix include access to fresh and innovative student intellectual resources, the ability to combine academic knowledge with the needs of the defense industry, and the encouragement of collaboration and knowledge exchange between all parties involved. Weaknesses identified include a lack of adequate funding, challenges in integrating student activities into a complex industrial environment, and a lack of understanding of the long-term benefits of the program. However, the SWOT analysis also identified significant opportunities, such as the increasing need for innovation and new technologies in the defense industry, government support for collaborative programs involving students, and the potential to develop long-term partnerships between the defense industry and universities. The threats faced include intense global competition, the need for constant updating of defense technology, and the potential for gaps between academic knowledge and industry needs if there is not adequate collaboration. In order to realize the independence of the defense industry, this research recommends adequate funding for student creativity programs, provision of supporting infrastructure, increased collaboration between universities, industry and government, as well as the development of a long-term strategy to ensure the sustainability of this program.

Stakeholder perspectives on short-stay joint replacement programs: results from a national cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe capacity to meet anticipated growth in joint replacement demand requires safe, efficient models of care. While short-stay joint replacement programs are being used internationally, they have not been widely implemented in many countries. Importantly, the critical challenges that need to be addressed ahead of large-scale program implementation remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate stakeholder perspectives on short-stay joint replacement programs, including perceived barriers and enablers to implementation and sustainability, and understand current practices in Australia.MethodsFour key stakeholder groups were invited to participate in this national study: (1) health professionals who provide joint replacement care; (2) hospital administrators involved in joint replacement provision; (3) patients with recent joint replacement; and (4) carers of people with recent joint replacement. Data on perceived feasibility (0 (not at all feasible) − 10 (highly feasible), appeal (0 (not at all appealing) − 10 (highly appealing), current practices, and barriers and enablers were collected using visual analogue scales, multiple response option and open-ended questions, via an online platform. Descriptive analysis and free-text content analysis was undertaken.ResultsData were available from 1,445 participants including 360 health professionals, 20 hospital administrators, 1,034 patients, and 31 carers. Short-stay program implementation was considered moderately feasible by health professionals (median 6, interquartile range (IQR) 3–8) and hospital administrators (median 5, IQR 5–6). Short-stay programs were moderately appealing to patients (median 7, IQR 2–9) but of little appeal to carers (median 3, IQR 1–7). Prominent implementation barriers included perceived limited appropriateness of short-stay programs, inadequate home supports, and issues around reimbursement models or program funding. Not having daily physiotherapy access and concerns about pain and mobility at home were common barriers for patients. Concern about patients’ ability to manage daily activities was the most common barrier for carers. Access to post-discharge services, better funding models, improved staffing, and consistent protocols and national care standards were prominent enablers.ConclusionsThis national study has uniquely captured multiple stakeholder perspectives on short-stay joint replacement programs. The findings can guide future quality improvement and implementation initiatives and the development of resources to best support patients, carers, clinicians, and hospitals.

Decision making in continuing professional development organisations during a crisis.

Early in COVID-19, continuing professional development (CPD) providers quickly made decisions about program content, design, funding and technology. Although experiences during an earlier pandemic cautioned providers to make disaster plans, CPD was not entirely prepared for this event. We sought to better understand how CPD organisations make decisions about CPD strategy and operations during a crisis. This is a descriptive qualitative research study of decision making in two organisations: CPD at the University of Toronto(UofT) and the US-based Society for Academic Continuing Medical Education (SACME). In March 2021, using purposive and snowball sampling, we invited faculty and staff who held leadership positions to participate in semi-structured interviews. The interview focused on the individual's role and organisation, their decision-making process and reflections on how their units had changed because of COVID-19. Transcripts were reviewed, coded and analysed using thematic analysis. We used Mazmanian et al.'s Ecological Framework as a further conceptual tool. We conducted eight interviews from UofT and five from SACME. We identified that decision making during the pandemic occurred over four phases of reactions and impact from COVID-19, including shutdown, pivot, transition and the 'new reality'. The decision-making ability of CPD organisations changed throughout the pandemic, ranging from having little or no independent decision-making ability early on to having considerable control over choosing appropriate pathways forward. Decision making was strongly influenced by the creativity, adaptability and flexibility of the CPD community and the need for social connection. This adds to literature on the changes CPD organisations faced due to COVID-19, emphasising CPD organisations' adaptability in making decisions. Applying the Ecological Framework further demonstrates the importance of time to decision-making processes and the relational aspect of CPD. To face future crises, CPD will need to embrace creative, flexible and socially connected solutions. Future scholarship could explore an organisation's ability to rapidly adapt to better prepare for future crises.

Strategi Pengembangan BUMG dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Gampong Pasar Aceh Kecamatan Johan Pahlawan Kabupaten Aceh Barat

This research aims to examine how the strategy for developing Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMG) in Gampong Pasar Aceh achieves the objectives of each program to increase village origins (PAG), and to find out what obstacles are faced in each program implemented. implemented in Gampong Pasar Aceh in order to increase village income. The type of research used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The location of this research was carried out in Pasar Aceh village. Johan Pahlawan District, West Aceh Regency. Data collection techniques use interview techniques, documentation and field observation. Informants in this study used a purpove sampling technique, namely the sample was addressed to (the village head of Pasar Aceh, head of finance, director of Pasar Aceh and 7 people in the community). The results of this research indicate that gampong development in Pasar Aceh has been good in terms of increasing gampong income, seen from 3 development strategy indicators, namely: (1) Organizational strategy through the vision and mission of developing new markets; (2) Strategic resource support is seen in 4 dimensions, namely facilities and infrastructure, natural resources, human resources and financial resources; (3) strategic programs, namely implicit programs in organizations and implicit programs in society. However, behind the development of new market BUG, there are obstacles in management activities, such as weather factors, budget limitations so that they cannot maximize the use of funds for program needs, and a lack of human resources in financial management.