Generation Program Research Articles

Bike-sharing: History, Impacts, Models of Provision, and Future

This paper discusses the history of bike-sharing from the early 1st generation program to present day 3rd generation programs. Included are a detailed examination of models of provision, with benefits and detriments of each, and a description of capital and operating costs. The paper concludes with a look into the future through discussion about what a 4th generation bike-sharing program could be.

Using Ammonia as Future Energy: Modelling of Reaction Mechanism for Ammonia/Hydrogen Blends

To utilize ammonia-based fuels, it is fundamental to understand chemical mechanisms of combustion process, in which reaction characteristics of such a chemical are described in detail. Detailed chemical-kinetics mechanism of ammonia was modelled by an automatic reaction mechanism generation program to investigate characteristics of premixed combustion for ammonia/hydrogen fuel mixture. To develop an accurate model for practical combustion applications, validation of the reaction mechanism was carried out in terms of laminar flame speed under different conditions. Results suggested that the established mechanism model has satisfying performance under different ammonia/hydrogen ratio conditions. Moreover, comparison with other mechanism models demonstrated that the developed model can be used to describe flame propagation of ammonia/hydrogen fuels. Then characteristics of laminar flame speed were predicted under various ammonia concentration and equivalence ratio conditions. Sensitivity analyses showed that ammonia mole fraction has a prominent impact on kinetics of flame speed for ammonia/hydrogen blends. Flame structure analyses showed that hydrogen can enhance ammonia flames with higher light radical concentrations whilst deteriorate NOx emission in exhaust gases.

The use of a semi‐structured finite‐element mesh in 3‐D resistivity inversion

AbstractCalculating the electric potential for 3‐D resistivity inversion algorithms can be time consuming depending on the structure of the mesh. There have been generally two approaches to generating finite‐element meshes. One approach uses a structured rectangular mesh with hexahedral elements on a rectangular model grid. The distribution of model cells can be designed to follow known boundaries, and directional roughness constraints can be easily imposed. A 1‐D wavelet transform that takes advantage of the regular arrangement of the model cells can also be used to reduce the computer time and memory required to solve the smoothness‐constrained least‐squares equation. However, the structured rectangular mesh uses an unnecessarily fine mesh in parts of the model that are far away from the electrodes where the potential changes gradually. A second approach uses an unstructured mesh with tetrahedral elements created automatically by a mesh generation program with finer elements nearer the electrodes and coarser elements in the more remote regions. This generates a mesh with a much smaller number of nodes. The disadvantage is that an irregular model grid is normally used. We examine an alternative approach that combines structured and unstructured meshes. We employ a regular model grid with a finer mesh near the surface and a coarser mesh in deeper regions using a combination of hexahedral and tetrahedral elements. The semi‐structured mesh reduces the calculation time by more than three times compared with a structured mesh. An adaptive semi‐structured mesh that also uses a coarser mesh for model cells near the surface if they are more than one unit electrode spacing from the nearest electrode was also developed for surveys with non‐uniform data coverage. For the Bonsall Leys field survey, which used a capacitively coupled mobile system and collected a data set with nearly a million electrode positions, the adaptive mesh reduces the calculation time by about 80%. The calculation time can be further reduced by about 93% when it is combined with a mesh segmentation method.

Creation of Automated Reporting on ECG Studies as Part of the SkiaAtlas Software Package

In medical practice, digital technologies are increasingly being used to automate the work of doctors. This is necessary to reduce the risk of medical errors by reducing the impact on neuropsychological indicators, such as concentration, attention and visual apparatus of a person when performing routine procedures. One of these areas is the creation of reporting generator programs that allow you to reduce the time in the formation of a standard workflow.

Mitochondrial respiratory complexes: Significance in human mitochondrial disorders and cancers.

Mitochondria are pivotal organelles that govern cellular energy production through the oxidative phosphorylation system utilizing five respiratory complexes. In addition, mitochondria also contribute to various critical signaling pathways including apoptosis, damage-associated molecular patterns, calcium homeostasis, lipid, and amino acid biosynthesis. Among these diverse functions, the energy generation program oversee by mitochondria represents an immaculate orchestration and functional coordination between the mitochondria and nuclear encoded molecules. Perturbation in this program through respiratory complexes' alteration results in the manifestation of various mitochondrial disorders and malignancy, which is alarmingly becoming evident in the recent literature. Considering the clinical relevance and importance of this emerging medical problem, this review sheds light on the timing and nature of molecular alterations in various respiratory complexes and their functional consequences observed in various mitochondrial disorders and human cancers. Finally, we discussed how this wealth of information could be exploited and tailored to develop respiratory complex targeted personalized therapeutics and biomarkers for better management of various incurable human mitochondrial disorders and cancers.

GENERATIVE DESIGN AND ITS REFLECTIONS IN CONTEMPORARY INTERIOR SPACE DESIGN

Generative design software allows optimal designs to be created based on a set of system-specific design requirements. Programmers interactively define generative design Aims and requirements, including the types of materials used and manufacturing processes. Based on this information, the generative design mechanism creates variations on design solutions that will serve as a starting point for modification or represent the final product. Through this, the research problem can be identified through the following question: The following question (What is generative design and what are its implications for the future of the designer and contemporary interior design) The aim of the study: to identify the nature of generative design and its working mechanisms in interior design, and to reveal the reflection of generative design applications and their impact on the decisions of the contemporary interior designer. And its applications in architecture and interior design, the researchers used the descriptive approach for selected generative models, and the researchers reached conclusions, the most important of which are: 1. The generative program determines the possibility of the designer with a specific design and determines the formal and functional dimensions of the design. 2. The generative program generates a large variety of design solutions. The designer chooses the optimal option from the options proposed by the program. 3. The program provides the ability to modify the design according to the proposals easily and conveniently..

AIT Foundations of Structured Experience

In this paper, we present a unifying framework to study consciousness based on algorithmic information theory (AIT). We take as a premise that “there is experience” and focus on the requirements for structured experience ([Formula: see text]) — the spatial, temporal, and conceptual organization of our first-person experience of the world and of ourselves as agents in it. Our starting point is the insight that access to good models — succinct and accurate generative programs of world data — is crucial for homeostasis and survival. We hypothesize that the successful comparison of such models with data provides the structure to experience. Building on the concept of Kolmogorov complexity, we can associate the qualitative aspects of [Formula: see text] with the algorithmic features of the model, including its length, which reflects the structure discovered in the data. Moreover, a modeling system tracking structured data will display dimensionality reduction and criticality features that can be used empirically to quantify the structure of the program run by the agent. KT provides a consistent framework to define the concepts of life and agent and allows for the comparison between artificial agents and [Formula: see text]-reporting humans to provide an educated guess about agent experience. A first challenge is to show that a human agent has [Formula: see text] to the extent they run encompassing and compressive models tracking world data. For this, we propose to study the relation between the structure of neurophenomenological, physiological, and behavioral data. The second is to endow artificial agents with the means to discover good models and study their internal states and behavior. We relate the algorithmic framework to other theories of consciousness and discuss some of its epistemological, philosophical, and ethical aspects.

ADMET informatics of Tetradecanoic acid (Myristic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves

In-silico Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) often comprehends virtual screening (VS) of datasets of natural pharmaco-active compounds for drug discovery protocols. Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) still, remains to be a prime source of pharmaco-active compounds due to their unique chemical structural scaffolds and functionalities with distinct chemical characteristic feature from natural source that are much acquiescent to drug metabolism and kinetics. In the Post-COVID-Era number of publications pertaining to PBNPs and publicly accessible plant based natural product databases (PBNPDBs) has significantly increased. Moreover, PBNPs are important sources of inspiration or starting points to develop novel therapeutic agents. However, a well-structured, in-depth ADME/Tox profile of PBNPs has been limited or lacking for many of such compounds, this hampers the successful exploitation of PBNPs by pharma industries. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties play key roles in the discovery/ development of drugs, pesticides, food additives, consumer products, and industrial chemicals. In the present study, ADMET-informatics of Tetradecanoic Acid (Myristic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves to predict drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) outcomes has been taken up. This work contributes to the deeper understanding of Myristic acid as major source of drug from commonly available medicinal plant - Moringa oleifera with immense therapeutic potential. The data generated herein could be useful for NP based lead generation programs.
 Keywords: Moringa oleifera; Secondary Metabolites; Bioactive Substances; Myristic acid (MA); DMPK; ADME/Tox; Natural Products (NPs); PBNPs; PBNPDBs

Development of an autogeneration program for building a clear height cloud map based on BIM

Because the clear height of a building involves many particularities of buildings, structures and equipment, the traditional design mode can only roughly estimate the clear height of a building and cannot fully reflect the distribution of the clear height of the whole building, which is not conducive to designers’ design and optimization of buildings. To solve this problem, the concept of a cloud map of the clear height of buildings was proposed for the first time. Based on Revit software, a BIM-based, automatic building clear height cloud map generation program, which realized the efficient analysis of BIM model clear height and can quickly obtain the building clear height cloud map, was developed, therefore enhancing the clear height analysis function of Revit. Compared with the traditional clear height area analysis color block diagram, the clear height cloud diagram of BIM was more accurate, which provides an effective technical means for designers to comprehensively evaluate the clear heights of buildings.

Revenue Generation Program of Cities: Implementation, Effectiveness, Challenges, and Best Practices

Tax revenue from local sources constitutes a major source of income for local government units. In the ASEAN, revenues suffered a sharp downturn, due to the pandemic. In the Philippines, the slowdown in economic activities increased unemployment and decreased local revenues. This study determined the extent of implementation of revenue generation programs in cities for the fiscal years 2019-2020 as assessed by 312 implementers and 411 stakeholders. It also assessed the effectiveness of the collection strategies employed and investigated the challenges encountered as well as best practices in implementing revenue generation programs. Using descriptive analysis, the results revealed that the implementation of the revenue generation program is to a great extent. Collection strategies employed were found effective. Three groups of challenges emerged; challenges common to treasurers and assessors, for assessors and challenges for treasurers. The best practice recommended is adopting the electronic payment system. Implementation of revenue-generation programs using effective collection strategies results in self-reliant cities.

Code Analysis and Generation Methods using Neural Networks: An Overview

The global pandemic has outlined the shortfall of human resources in the information technology sector. On the estimation of analysts, the labor shortage of IT-specialists in Russia in 2021 is between 500 thousand and 1 million people. Educating and bringing to market such numerous personnel may take years. The task of optimizing the process of the development of IT-projects is as urgent as ever. This includes automizing repetitive tasks performed by developers. This article presents an overview of the methods of using neural networks in the field of generation and analysis program source code.

(Invited) Modeling Electrochemical and Rheological Characteristics of Suspension-Based Electrolytes for Redox Flow Batteries

Electrochemical energy storage technologies are poised to play a key role in enabling society-wide decarbonization by facilitating the deployment of variable electricity generators and enhancing existing grid infrastructure. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) possess several technology features which are favorable for cost-effective, long-duration energy storage, including independent scaling of power and energy, long service life, and simplified manufacturing.1 In particular, their configuration enables a panoply of electrolyte compositions and cell materials to be considered, either at the beginning of life or during the installation lifetime (e.g., chemistry swaps). While conventional RFBs are based on redox couples dissolved in electrolyte solutions, more recently, suspension-based electrolytes containing solid energy storage materials have emerged as an alternative formulation. Flowable suspensions enable higher charge storage capacities (and thus cell energy densities) and unlock new operating modes (e.g., dissolution and precipitation on suspended particles).2,3 However, such electrolytes also frustrate traditional approaches to cell design and operation, as their complex electrochemical and rheological characteristics present multifaceted operational tradeoffs.4,5 By exploring essential features of these tradeoffs, we aim to better understand fluid dynamic and electrochemical engineering criteria for high-performance flow cells that operate with suspension-based electrolytes.In this presentation, we develop and apply a one-dimensional model to derive scaling relationships for suspension-based electrolytes in RFBs. Specifically, we investigate connections between rheological (i.e., non-Newtonian behavior, shear stress) and electrochemical (i.e., species and charge transport) phenomena for pressure-driven flow through a planar channel. identify key dimensionless groups which describe the relative magnitudes of relevant processes within the flowing suspension-based electrolyte. Through scaling analyses, we assess the importance of each parameter under different dynamic and geometric constraints to enable the identification of favorable materials sets and operating conditions. Ultimately, these dimensionless quantities offer a compact representation of the design considerations for suspension-based electrolytes, allowing more informed materials selection, cell engineering, and system formats. Finally, we hypothesize that these results can be generalized to describe flowable and stationary solid suspensions of utility in multiple electrochemical systems. Acknowledgments This work was funded by the Skoltech – MIT Next Generation Program. B.J.N, N.J.M, and K.R.L gratefully acknowledge the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant Number 1122374. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. References M. L. Perry and A. Z. Weber, J. Electrochem. Soc., 163, A5064–A5067 (2016).H. Parant et al., Carbon, 119, 10–20 (2017).X. Wang, J. Chai, and J. “Jimmy” Jiang, Nano Materials Science, 3, 17–24 (2021).V. E. Brunini, Y.-M. Chiang, and W. C. Carter, Electrochimica Acta, 69, 301–307 (2012).N. C. Hoyt, R. F. Savinell, and J. S. Wainright, Chemical Engineering Science, 144, 288–297 (2016).

EDUKASI PENCEGAHAN CACINGAN SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM GENERASI SADAR STUNTING

Referring to the problem, the impact of worms related to stunting, it is necessary to undertake community service activities (CSA) regarding education on the prevention and treatment of intestinal worms as the implementation of the stunting awareness generation program. This community service activity aims to equalize understanding and provide knowledge about the prevention and treatment of intestinal worms that are integrated with the stunting program. The method of implementing this activity is carried out online in the form of a webinar using the Zoom Meeting application. The target audience includes high school/vocational high school students, students, teachers, lecturers, and health workers. CSA implementation includes preparation (producing materials and publication flyers), implementation (exposure to materials on prevention and treatment of intestinal worms in children), and evaluation (pre-test and posttest assessments). The realization of this activity showed the number of participants was 117 which included 104 students, 10 health workers, and 3 housewives. The indicators for the success of this activity are indicated by the increase in the average score from the pre-test of 63.19 to the post-test of 74.86 with a percentage increase in knowledge of the prevention and treatment of intestinal worms by 16%. This CSA concludes that participants can understand the material on prevention and knowledge of worms. The recommendation from this activity is that it is necessary to carry out direct follow-up activities in worm-endemic areas in the form of treatment measures, prevention programs, and periodic monitoring in worm-endemic areas in collaboration with local health centers.

FACTORS GOVERNING FOOD SECURITY AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN TRIBAL DISTRICT OF SOUTH GUJARAT

Availability of food is associated with purchasing power and food insecurity is caused by poverty. The needs of the poor should be protected by improving their purchasing power, through proper planning of agricultural activities for future that can produce more employment and income generation programmes. Around 20.4 per cent of Gujarat's current population does not get enough calories from food as compared to the all-India figure of 13.4 per cent. The problem of food insecurity is basically not found in all sections of the people, rather it is mostly confined to certain marginalized sections. It includes scheduled tribes (STs) as they are socially and economically disadvantaged due to their isolation both geographically as well as culturally from the mainstream population. The attempt has been made to study the major factors governing food security in the Dangs - a tribal district of south Gujarat having 95 per cent scheduled tribe population. Results showed that household size, dependency ratio and age of the household head has significant negative association with food security whereas animal herd size and above poverty level status of household have positive influence on food security. The government should focus on awareness creation on effective family planning and the impact of large family size on ensuring food security, Government can initiate or strengthen old programmes for alternative income generation through facilitation of labour-intensive schemes.

FPGA-based real-time implementation of a digital reactivity-meter

The aim of this paper is to present a Hardware/Software design approach for the real-time implementation of a digital reactivity meter on a Zynq SoC platform (FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array). As a primary design tool, the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) programming tool has been used. The elementary hardware digital processing units, used to solve the inverse kinetics equations, have been implemented inside the Programming Logic (PL) part of the Zynq platform. Other secondary tasks, such as communication with the host PC, data storage and display have been devoted to the software application running on the Processing System (PS) part. A dedicated Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been also developed on a remote host computer. This application will be essentially used to handle the communication with the embedded reactivity measurement system and to display the reactivity evolution curves through the time. The design has been validated by comparing the obtained results with those proposed in the literature. Real plant data, acquired from Es-salam research reactor, has been also used to confirm the online efficiency of the design. Experimental results demonstrate that the system works well for both negative and positive reactivity insertions.

Applying genetic programming to PSB2: the next generation program synthesis benchmark suite

Applying genetic programming to PSB2: the next generation program synthesis benchmark suite

Thailand’s Balancing Behavior, 1947–1991: Some Empirical Evidence

This study examines the determinants that shaped the balancing behavior of Thailand from 1947 to 1991 by testing hypotheses developed from arguments on three competing theories of balancing behavior, namely the systemic balance of power and balance of threat theories, as well as Martin’s simple model of balancing behavior. We found that a combination of power, geographic distance, and perceived offensive intentions was the factor that prompted Thailand to balance against threatening states. The finding was found using quantitative data extracted from the Correlates of War (COW) Project and the Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP) Project and those generated by Expected Utility Generation and Data Management Program (EUGene) software to test the hypotheses. The statistical evidence confirms the historical narrative of Thai diplomatic history: that is, Thailand did not try to balance against communist China, its giant neighbor, but rather against Vietnam and Cambodia, which were perceived as essentially dangerous to the country’s security and territorial integrity. In addition, we found that the major-power capability concentration of the Cold War international system had a mild effect on Thai behavior. However, it is difficult to generalize how such systemic attributes dictated directions in Thai foreign policy.

The time-resolved atomic, molecular and optical science instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source.

The newly constructed time-resolved atomic, molecular and optical science instrument (TMO) is configured to take full advantage of both linear accelerators at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the copper accelerator operating at a repetition rate of 120 Hz providing high per-pulse energy as well as the superconducting accelerator operating at a repetition rate of about 1 MHz providing high average intensity. Both accelerators power a soft X-ray free-electron laser with the new variable-gap undulator section. With this flexible light source, TMO supports many experimental techniques not previously available at LCLS and will have two X-ray beam focus spots in line. Thereby, TMO supports atomic, molecular and optical, strong-field and nonlinear science and will also host a designated new dynamic reaction microscope with a sub-micrometer X-ray focus spot. The flexible instrument design is optimized for studying ultrafast electronic and molecular phenomena and can take full advantage of the sub-femtosecond soft X-ray pulse generation program.

'Income Generation Programs' for Patients at Psychiatric Rehabilitation Centers

'Income Generation Programs (IGPs)' for patients are practiced at psychiatric rehabilitation centers for vocational training or productive engagement. IGPs are similar to work programs with the added benefit of the opportunity to generate revenue and contribute to patients' income. Based on our experience and visits to several psychiatric rehabilitation centers running IGPs, we conceptualize how existing work programs can be translated into IGPs and/or new IGPs can be established. We also discuss the benefits of IGPs, the facilitators and challenges, and various stakeholders' roles.

Spatial Differences in Diet Quality and Economic Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in Bangladesh: Results from the 2016 Household Income and Expenditure Survey

The study explored the spatial differences in diet quality and economic vulnerability to food insecurity with the association of sociodemographic characteristics at the household level in Bangladesh. This study was a secondary data analysis of Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data of 2016. Both statistical and spatial analyses were applied while assessing diet qualities in terms of the household dietary diversity score (HDDS), percentage of food energy from staples (PFES), and percentage of expenditure on food (PEF) as an indicator of the economic vulnerability to food insecurity (EVFI). The study’s findings revealed that the quality of people’s diets worsened as they moved from urban to rural area, and EVFI increased as they moved from the center to the periphery of the country. Nationally, the average HDDS was about 6.3, and the average PFES per household per day was about 70.4%. The spatial distribution of HDDS and PFES showed that rural regions in terms of settlements and the north, northwest and southeast regions had mostly low diet diversity. Besides, the average PEF per household per day was about 54%, with the highest in Mymensingh (57.4%) and the lowest in Dhaka division (50.2%). The average PEF in the households illustrated was highest in rural (55.2%) and lowest in the city (45.7%). Overall, based on the PEF at the sub-district level, the medium level of vulnerability comprised the highest share (69%) in Bangladesh. Age, gender, literacy, educational qualification and religion of the household’s head along with the number of earners, monthly income, area of settlements and divisions were significantly correlated with HDDS, PFES and EVFI. The study findings suggest that targeted interventions, including access to education, women empowerment and employment generation programs should be implemented in peripheral areas (north, northwest and southeast) to increase diet quality and minimize economic vulnerability to achieve sustainable food and nutrition security in Bangladesh.