Collection Program Research Articles

Influence of supervision ratio on functional physical performance and cellular health to collective multicomponent training in untrained adults aged

In pragmatic settings, involving elderly individuals in physical activity programs typically does not require individualized training. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the impact on functional physical performance and cellular health resulting from a high (10 participants to 1 supervisor) versus low (20 participants to 1 supervisor) supervision ratio in a group-based multicomponent training program for older women. The experimental procedure presented three phases: a) pre-assessment (physical functional performance and cellular health); b) multicomponent training program (2 sessions/week); c) post-assessment. Performance variables were normalized with a t-score and the statistical analysis was based on the individual relative position in the t-score. After the collective multicomponent training intervention, 55 % of participants were above the mean t-score; however, low supervision ratio group (20:1) did not change functional physical performance and cellular health. A high supervision ratio is an important condition to improve individual older women response during a collective multicomponent training program.

Where to Start: Creating a Roadmap for Collection Storage Planning Through a Collaborative Values-Based Approach: A National Endowment for the Humanities Sustaining Cultural Heritage Collections project at The New York Public Library

Collection storage is one of the most complex collaborations a museum, library, or archive can undertake. A high-level initial assessment can help overcome the inertia and complexity that overwhelms larger organizations due to the number of stakeholders, spaces, and collections. Large institutions need to rise above room-level preservation issues and focus on global, values-based thinking. With support from the Sustaining Cultural Heritage Collections (SCHC) program of the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), The Research Libraries of the New York Public Library (NYPL) designed a collaborative pre-planning exercise to inform long-range collection storage planning for over fifty storage areas within its Manhattan research centers. Pulling together experts in architecture, preservation environment, and sustainability to review NYPL’s storage needs in collaboration with an internal team of stakeholders, the project established foundations for ongoing values-based collaborative planning. Project design and considerations on synthesizing observations into recommendations are discussed in this article.

Ninguna casa sin jardín

Th. Sørensen was involved in the most important Danish collective social housing programmes between the 1930s and 1950s, in which his aim was to design community gardens designed to complete the modern habitat programme with outdoor public spaces. This article traces the landscape architect's thinking on the design of public space and studies Sørensen's six most outstanding collective gardens with the aim of highlighting the design strategies employed that have consolidated them into spaces of high civic value that are still suitable nowadays. The text is structured in three approaches that depend on the spatial pattern of the buildings and its degree of dispersion. The chapters analyse the programme and the use of topography and vegetation for the definition of a defined character, with a clear spatial order and resources to reconcile the public and human scale.

MSK Engage: A comprehensive program for collection of patient reported outcomes at scale.

e13666 Background: Collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) yields high value data for clinical care and research and is associated with improved survival in oncology. However, collection of PROs at scale requires a multifaceted program that in most institutions is not available. This study describes a comprehensive PRO program to support research and standard clinical care at scale. Methods: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is a high-volume cancer center in New York. Beginning in 2016, we developed a comprehensive PRO program, MSK Engage, with the following capabilities: (i) A governance process to oversee the creation of questionnaires for both research and clinical care. This process includes alignment with the IRB and standardization of questions presented to patients. (ii) Technology to determine which patients should get an assessment (i.e., instance of a questionnaire) at what point in time. (iii) An interactive module in our patient portal that would present the assessment to the patient. (iv) Various methods to present the PRO data to providers to support clinical decision making. These methods included (a) alerts based on threshold logic that would send secure messages to the clinical team, (b) integration of the PRO data into the EHR to be viewed with other clinical data, and (c) the creation of specialized workflows. The results of assessments are also stored in an analytics database to support operations, research, and the creation of smart reports that compare a patient’s responses with other similar patients. Results: We analyzed the use of the program from 2016 to 2023 (Table). 189 questionnaires have been implemented, generating 3,098,574 completed assessments from 314,685 distinct patients. Completion rates varied. The median completion time for all questionnaires was 2 minutes. Examples of programs enabled by patient-reported outcomes include post-operative symptom monitoring, family history questionnaires to support clinical genetics decision making and operations, intake and follow up questionnaires that support clinical documentation and quality of life questionnaires to support goal concordant care. Conclusions: Adoption of PROs at scale for both research and standard of care in oncology is feasible and innovative programs of care can be supported while maintaining a centralized and acceptable patient experience. This model can be applied across institutions seeking to develop or scale PRO programs to assure patient data are meaningfully incorporated into decision-making. [Table: see text]

Unveiling the psychological mechanisms of mutual help groups for addiction recovery: The role of social identity factors.

The effectiveness of mutual help groups (MHGs) in promoting addiction recovery has been widely acknowledged. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying the impact of MHGs remain somewhat uncertain. Drawing on a social identity perspective, this study investigated a sequential mediation model in which social support is posited as a driving factor that enhances abstinence maintenance through group identification, recovery identity, and self-efficacy. A sample of 820 smokers, participating in a 6-month collective smoking cessation programme which included access to an online help group, completed measures of social support, group identification, smoker/ex-smoker identity, and self-efficacy at the programme's outset. Smoking abstinence was assessed 6 and 9 months later. The findings supported the proposed model, indicating that social support was positively associated with MHG identification, which, in turn, was related to a stronger recovery identity. Subsequently, recovery identity was associated with increased self-efficacy, and indirectly, with smoking abstinence at both measurement times. Additional analyses testing alternative mediation models further supported the validity of the proposed model. These findings suggest that social identity factors play significant roles in accounting for the effectiveness of MHGs for addiction recovery.

Using social media image to identify threatened elasmobranch species caught by a small-scale fishery in a data-poor area.

Sharing fishing activity via social media attracts millions of views. The data from these shares includes key information for a fisheries database such as the species present in the catches and in many cases the number of specimens caught. Many countries in the Global South do not have official information about basic data on fishing activity, especially small-scale activity. In many of such countries like Brazil, overfishing poses a significant threat to numerous threatened species, including elasmobranchs, due to the frailty of fisheries management and law enforcement. The lack of a national (Brazil) data collection program makes sharing data on social media a potential source of fisheries related information. Hence, this study aimed to verify the potential of social media data to describe artisanal fishing and identify elasmobranch species caught by a small-scale fleet in a data-poor Equatorial Southwest Atlantic region. The identification of elasmobranch species was made based on 250 videos shared by local fishers publicly on social media (Youtube™). Among these, sharks and rays were observed in 19 (8%) and 42 (17%) videos, respectively. A total of 98 specimens were recorded, of which 80% could be identified to a species level. Most of the records comprised the stingrays Hypanus berthalutzae and Hypanus guttatus, while Ginglymostoma cirratum was the most recorded shark. More than half of the elasmobranch species recorded are listed at some level of threat according to the IUCN Red List. According to the Brazilian legislation, at least 20% of the species identified in these videos are considered Endangered (EN) or Critically Endangered (CR). Therefore, fishing activity shared via social media can be considered effective in identifying threatened elasmobranch species, as well as providing data on species occurrence, number of specimens, or rare sightings. It is suggested that fishing activity shared via social media be used in parallel with traditional methods (e.g. on-board data and landing observations) to obtain fisheries information and data about endangered species in data poor areas.

To what extent can a phase-out of pesticides in viticulture be achieved? Learning from the efforts of a large farm network after 10 years

In accordance with European Directive 2009/128/CE, France has set up national policies to curb the reliance of agriculture on phytosanitary inputs. The DEPHY network is one such initiative;, which has been designed to drive, support and document the fieldwork of 3,000 farms voluntarily taking part in a collective input reduction programme. This study aimed to describe the achievements of the network’s viticultural sector, as its perennial crop is heavily reliant on pesticide applications. We chose a sample of 343 wine-growing systems across mainland France, analysed records of their vineyard operations from before they joined the network, and compared them to those from the 2017-2020 period. We used the Treatment Frequency Index (TFI) to assess pesticide reliance together with other techno-economical parameters: production costs, workloads, greenhouse gas emissions and disease control. A significant decrease in pesticide use was found over the whole study period, with, for instance, an average TFI reduction of 24 %, which is consistent with national objectives but unmatched outside of the network. We observed an overall shift towards pesticide inputs with lower repercussions on health or the environment, as well as different TFI reduction trajectories based on initial pesticide dependency. We described the alternative practices introduced to the systems, and our results suggest that reductions in pesticide use stem from quite small and minor changes made to the cropping systems. These new practices only slightly lowered the vineyards’ technical and economical performances in specific situations involving an indepth revamping of the systems; e.g., conversion to organic viticulture. To increase pesticide phase-out, further research is needed on redesigning cropping systems, and on how to scale up the network’s results to the national level.

Optimizing Zakat Management to Improve Education Quality in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

This study aims to discuss the zakat management optimization in improving education quality at National Zakat Charity Agency (BAZNAS) of Palu. This study used a qualitative approach and the data was gathered through field observation, in-depth interviews, and written document analysis. The data analysis, then, was analysed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study show that the process of optimizing zakat to improve education quality at Baznas Palu city was conducted according to Islamic zakat management principles which includes planning, implementation, reporting, and monitoring process in the program of collection, distribution, and utilization at National Zakat Charity Agency Palu. The agency also follows professional administration principles such as transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, fairness, and Islamic shariah compliance. This study also found that the agency has focused zakat distribution for specific educational institutions, both formal and informal. The agency also provide scholarships for academic achievement, and educational cost assistance for underprivileged children. Furthermore, the agency provides capital support for productive businesses runned by disadvantaged families or communities to improve their incomes.

Pengelolaan Dana Zakat untuk Pemberdayaan Pendidikan Anak Yatim Dhuafa

Ziswaf (Zakat, Infaq, Sadaqah and Waqf) is the practice of giving gifts or endowments in Islam. Ziswaf plays a very important role in teaching Islam in a social, economic and spiritual context. The Ziswaf program itself aims to facilitate the practice of Ziswaf in society. This program can take the form of a zakat, infaq, sadaqah and waqf collection program organized by social or religious institutions. The aim of this research is to examine how zakat funds are managed to empower the education of orphans and poor people in Yatim Mandiri Pasuruan. The research carried out in this study used qualitative methods with the aim of interpreting and describing the data in question. The qualitative method we use in this research is a literature study. Literature study is a research method in which information is sought through books, magazines and other literature. The Ziswaf program aims to facilitate the practice of ziswaf to make it easier and more effective and ensure its usefulness. managed well and used for purposes that are truly beneficial to society

Design and Evaluation of a Collective Preventive Program for Musical Performance Anxiety (ConfiDance).

Musical performance anxiety (MPA) is considered a subtype of social phobia and affects musicians who must face musical exposure in public, potentially severely affecting their emotional stability and significantly impairing the quality of their performance. This research has utilized previous scientific knowledge on the issue and a qualitative approach to musicians' needs through focus groups in order to design a collective preventive program for MPA that could be implemented within the training curriculum of professional musicians. To evaluate the adequacy of the preventive program 'ConfiDance', a pilot test was conducted with a sample of 17 professional musicians in training, all post-graduate students in classical music performance. For the pilot test, a quasi-experimental model with a repeated measures methodology (pre-post and one-year follow-up after application) was carried out. The results indicate a significant decrease in MPA after the program implementation, with a notable improvement in effect one year post-application, demonstrating an even greater positive impact over time. These data should be interpreted cautiously due to sample limitations but represent an opportunity for the future implementation of a program that can prevent and treat MPA in music education centers.

Healthcare Practices and Employee Performance in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Kenya: Moderating Effect of Top Management Commitment

Employee welfare practices, such as health care practices, play a crucial role in employee performance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between health care practices and employee performance in non-governmental organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya: moderating effect of top management commitment on the relationship. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized in a cross-sectional survey involving 403 respondents, including top managers, middle-level managers, and lower-level managers selected through purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling procedures from a target population of 14,323 NGO employees in Nairobi County, Kenya. Questionnaires were used as primary data sources, while secondary data were gathered from reviewed journals, books, and articles. The study incorporated relevant theories such as Herzberg's two-factor theory, the Human Relations Theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A pilot study was conducted to ensure the validity and reliability of the tools used. Data analysis was performed using Version 25 of the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences software, employing frequencies, means, correlations, and multiple linear regression. Inferential and descriptive statistics were utilized as diagnostic tests, and the findings were presented using pie charts, graphs, and tables. The study revealed a positive and significant relationship between healthcare practices and employee performance when moderated by the top management commitment in NGOs in Nairobi County, Kenya, emphasizing the importance of top management support in enhancing employee health practices and performance within the organization. For collective mental programming, the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Kenya should develop staff health care policies. In order to decrease personal work stress and improve counselling facilities, frequency, and resources, it is necessary to increase employee access to healthcare practices. Access to counsellor outreach services and expert support can be acquired by forming relationships with colleges or institutions of counselling and psychology.

Utilization of the standard questionnaire in specific health checkups

Objectives Interviewing people about their health behaviour in specific health checkups (SHCs) is thought to promote awareness of and help improve such behaviour. The standard questionnaire (SQ) for SHCs consists of 22 items presented in the guidelines of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. However, using items other than those necessary for stratification for specific health guidance (SHG) is optional. We believe that clarifying the actual utilization of SQ items could contribute to improving the procedure used for the fourth SHCs and SHG, which will be initiated in 2024. This study seeks to clarify the actual utilization of the SQ for (1) conducting SHCs, (2) planning, implementing, and evaluating SHG and health programs aimed at preventing lifestyle-related diseases, and (3) planning, implementing, and evaluating the data health plan.Methods We enrolled 3,179 people from 1,741 departments in charge of national health insurance, 47 Japan Health Insurance Association branches, and 1,391 health insurance societies across all municipalities in Japan. One participant among the study participants was the main person in charge of SHCs and SHG at each facility. We conducted a self-reported survey on the implementation of SHCs and SHG in February 2022. This study was approved by the ethics review board of the institution to which the first author belongs.Results A total of 1,221 (38.4%) were received. The proportions of valid responses from national health insurance departments, Japan Health Insurance Association branches, and health insurance societies were 816 (46.9%), 47 (100%), and 358 (25.7%), respectively. Over 96% of responders used the group SHCs method, and over 93% of those adopting the individual SHCs method used each of the 22 SQ items. However, 187 (18.2%) responders found it difficult to use the item "If you had the opportunity to receive health guidance for lifestyle improvement, would you take it?" The reason was that the on-request SHG system was misunderstood. Additionally, only approximately 50% of respondents used the SQ to develop, implement, and evaluate their health program.Conclusion We believe there will be no problem in implementing the SQ even if using all its component items is required. However, the aforementioned item needs to be revised. Methods to encourage health insurers and their supporters to use the SQ for health-related data collection and health program planning should be devised.

Acute care utilization among individuals with sickle cell disease and related cardiopulmonary and renal complications.

Cardiopulmonary and renal end organ (CPR) complications are associated with early mortality among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, there is limited knowledge regarding acute care utilization for individuals with SCD and CPR complications. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of CPR complications in a state specific SCD population and compare acute care utilization among individuals with and without CPR complications. We leveraged 2017-2020 data for individuals with SCD identified by the Sickle Cell Data Collection program in Wisconsin. The prevalence of CPR complications is determined for distinct age groups. Generalized linear models adjusted for age compared the rate of acute care visits/person/year among individuals who had cardiopulmonary only, renal only, both cardiopulmonary and renal, or no CPR complications. There were 1378 individuals with SCD, 52% females, mean (SD) age 28.3 (18.5) years; 48% had at least one CPR complication during the study period. The prevalence of CPR complications was higher in adults (69%) compared to pediatric (15%) and transition (51%) groups. Individuals with SCD and cardiopulmonary complications had higher acute visit rates than those without CPR complications (5.4 (IQR 5.0-5.8) vs 2.4 (IQR 2.1-2.5), p <0.001)). Acute care visit rates were similar between individuals with SCD who had renal only complications and no CPR complications (2.7 (IQR 2.5-3.0) vs 2.4 (2.1-2.5), p = 0.24). The high acute care visit rates, especially for those with cardiopulmonary complications, warrant further investigation to understand risk factors for CPR complications, the underlying reasons and identify effective disease management strategies.

Economic and environmental benefits of e-waste management networks design in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia

Purpose: Electronic devices consumption, especially smartphones for communication, have increased significantly, causing the potential for electronic waste to increase too. However, the high potential of this flow has not been matched by good waste management. This study aims to develop a management network for e-waste that collaborates formal and informal channels to provide optimal supply chain benefits in terms of economic and environmental aspectsDesign/methodology/approach: This research designs an e-waste management network followed by building a single-objective mathematical model that considers economic and environmental aspects. This model was solved using Mixed Integer Linear Programming.Findings: The supply chain will benefit from the proposed management network by collaborating formal and informal channels. With an incentive of 10,000 IDR, it is hoped that it will be able to invite consumers and informal collectors to collect waste informal channels. The total profit from managing electronic waste supply every month from Yogyakarta Province is 5.529 x 1010 IDR with the composition, consumers 81.2%, informal 13.3% channel obtained from informal collectors and repairing centers and 2.1% for formal channels, and there is an intangible profit of 3.4%. The formal channel provides more significant benefits than the informal, but requires a significant investment. This formal channel feasible if at least 33% of the total supply goes to this channel.Research limitations/implications: The model designed is deterministic. Therefore, it can be developed into a probabilistic model for further research to represent more real cases in the field.Practical implications: Regulation is the factor that most influences consumers' intentions and behavior to participate in e-waste management programs. It will be able to change consumer behavior by forcing consumers to participate in e-waste collection programs. Therefore, a government regulation is needed that organizes and supervises the implementation of the proposed management model.Social implications: Currently, the practice developing in the community is that the informal sector carries out smartphone waste management, therefore in the designs made, informal actors are still given space in waste management for the repair process and the secondhand market. Meanwhile, further processing, such as recycling, must be carried out through formal channels taking into account the environmental impact.Originality/value: Few studies have developed an electronic waste management model by collaborating informal and formal channels that consider economic and environmental aspects, and its implementation is organized and supervised by government regulations.

국어 교육용 정보 텍스트의 목록화

Objectives The purpose of this study is to list information texts for Korean language education.&#x0D; Methods Four steps were taken: texts collection, evaluation, classification, and computer program implementation.&#x0D; Results Approximately 2,000 information texts were listed by grade bands from the 1st grade to 8th grade.&#x0D; Conclusions Computer program allows users to search and utilize texts for their own purposes. Users can also analyze new texts.&#x0D;

Sustainability of Medtronic Surgical Devices

Background&#x0D; Medical devices used in surgery have the potential to impact the environment. While it is essential for medical devices to be accessible, of quality design &amp; manufacture, and cost effective, they must also aim at inducing the lowest environmental impact. Industry partners have a role in advising on end-of-life pathways and designing devices that lessen their impact on the environment.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods&#x0D; Medtronic has multiple initiatives underway to reduce the environmental impact of its devices from design pathways to commercial programs. We summarize a few of the key surgical programs.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results&#x0D; Surgical staplers and energy devices are critical in many commonly performed surgeries. Medtronic’s Signia™ powered stapler has a reusable battery and can be used for 300 procedures, whereas the competitor’s powered stapler is used for one procedure. Similarly, Medtronic developed stapler reloads such as Tri-Staple™ reinforced reload with pre-loaded buttress material that not only reduces the clinical workflow demands but also reduces packaging waste compared to competitor buttress products that are sold separately. Medtronic’s Sonicision™ 7 cordless ultrasonic dissection device features a reusable generator and battery pack, whereas the competitors’ is single use with a large, bulky generator. Medtronic offers a LigaSure™ vessel sealing device collections program to ensure appropriate end-of-life pathway for the device.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; Medtronic is playing a critical role in reducing the environmental impact of its devices while meeting customers’ needs and quality expectations.

Assessing Patterns of Telehealth Use Among People with Sickle Cell Disease Enrolled in Medicaid During the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Telehealth can be defined as using remote technologies to provide health care. It may increase access to care among people with sickle cell disease (SCD). This study examined (1) telehealth use, (2) characteristics of telehealth use, and (3) differences between telehealth users and nonusers among people with SCD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of Medicaid claims among four states [California (CA), Georgia (GA), Michigan (MI), Tennessee (TN)] participating in the Sickle Cell Data Collection program. Study participants were individuals ≥1 year old with SCD enrolled in Medicaid September 2019-December 2020. Telehealth encounters during the pandemic were characterized by provider specialty. Health care utilization was compared between those who did (users) and did not (nonusers) use telehealth, stratified by before and during the pandemic. Results: A total of 8,681 individuals with SCD (1,638 CA; 3,612 GA; 1,880 MI; and 1,551 TN) were included. The proportion of individuals with SCD that accessed telehealth during the pandemic varied across states from 29% in TN to 80% in CA. During the pandemic, there was a total of 21,632 telehealth encounters across 3,647 users. In two states (MI and GA), over a third of telehealth encounters were with behavioral health providers. Telehealth users had a higher average number of health care encounters during the pandemic: emergency department (pooled mean = 2.6 for users vs. 1.5 for nonusers), inpatient (1.2 for users vs. 0.6 for nonusers), and outpatient encounters (6.0 for users vs. 3.3 for nonusers). Conclusions: Telehealth was frequently used at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic by people with SCD. Future research should focus on the context, facilitators, and barriers of its implementation in this population.

Accrual Quality Improvement Program for clinical trials.

The Early Phase Cancer Prevention Clinical Trials Program (Consortia), led by the Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, supports and conducts trials assessing safety, tolerability, and cancer preventive potential of a variety of interventions. Accrual to cancer prevention trials includes the recruitment of unaffected populations, posing unique challenges related to minimizing participant burden and risk, given the less evident or measurable benefits to individual participants. The Accrual Quality Improvement Program was developed to address these challenges and better understand the multiple determinants of accrual activity throughout the life of the trial. Through continuous monitoring of accrual data, Accrual Quality Improvement Program identifies positive and negative factors in real-time to optimize enrollment rates for ongoing and future trials. The Accrual Quality Improvement Program provides a web-based centralized infrastructure for collecting, analyzing, visualizing, and storing qualitative and quantitative participant-, site-, and study-level data. The Accrual Quality Improvement Program approaches cancer prevention clinical trial accrual as multi-factorial, recognizing protocol design, potential participants' characteristics, and individual site as well as study-wide implementation issues. The Accrual Quality Improvement Program was used across 39 Consortia trials from 2014 to 2022 to collect comprehensive trial information. The Accrual Quality Improvement Program captures data at the participant level, including number of charts reviewed, potential participants contacted and reasons why participants were not eligible for contact or did not consent to the trial or start intervention. The Accrual Quality Improvement Program also captures site-level (e.g. staffing issues) and study-level (e.g. when protocol amendments are made) data at each step of the recruitment/enrollment process, from potential participant identification to contact, consent, intervention, and study completion using a Recruitment Journal. Accrual Quality Improvement Program's functionality also includes tracking and visualization of a trial's cumulative accrual rate compared to the projected accrual rate, including a zone-based performance rating with corresponding quality improvement intervention recommendations. The challenges associated with recruitment and timely completion of early phase cancer prevention clinical trials necessitate a data collection program capable of continuous collection and quality improvement. The Accrual Quality Improvement Program collects cumulative data across National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention early phase clinical trials, providing the opportunity for real-time review of participant-, site-, and study-level data and thereby enables responsive recruitment strategy and protocol modifications for improved recruitment rates to ongoing trials. Of note, Accrual Quality Improvement Program data collected from ongoing trials will inform future trials to optimize protocol design and maximize accrual efficiency.

Pemaknaan Pesan Guru dengan Wali Murid pada Whatsapp Group Masa Pandemi Covid-19

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;One of the sectors impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic is education. Distance Learning encourages the learning process in the selected Network as a solution so that teaching and learning activities continue. Cikal Cendekia Islamic Elementary School (IES) is one of the education providers that implemented distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Social media WhatsApp as a means of distance learning communication by IES Cikal Cendekia. Communication between teachers and students through intermediary guardians of students is carried out via WhatsApp class groups. The use of WhatsApp as a means of communication for distance learning encountered problems. Constraints occur because of differences in the meaning of teachers and guardians of students. This research examines the meaning of the messages of teachers and guardians of students in the WhatsApp group of IES Cikal Cendekia Class 3 Uwais Al-Qarni. Three topics as research analysis namely change in main group settings, Off-Network data collection programs, Parents Teacher interviews implementation programs. Qualitative descriptive research method. Message analysis uses Encoding-Decoding analysis. The reception of Stuart Hall's Message Theory to see the position of receiving messages. The results of the encoding-decoding analysis show that the communicant interprets the messages differently. There is a distortion of the message received by the communicant because it is by the teacher who is often ambiguous and the differences in the characteristics of the sources. The position of receiving teacher messages by parents of two messages by negotiation. One message is opposition, and no message is accepted dominantly.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

닥터헬기 응급의료종사자의 탑승자 집체 교육 경험에 관한 질적 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of Doctor Helicopter Emergency Medical Workers in collective training programs. Data collection was conducted through focus group interviews with six Emergency Medical Workers from March 25 to April 1, 2021. Analysis of data collected from in-depth interviews and field notes revealed that the collective education experiences of these professionals consist of three main themes and seven sub-themes: 1) Perfunctory gateway education, 2) Inflexible competency, 3) Non-implementation of quality management. According to the results of this study, the collective training programs for Emergency Medical Workers were merely perfunctory basic education. There is a need for new, field-applicable collective training programs that are practical and capable of enhancing teamwork and individual skills among Doctor Helicopter emergency medical workers. To establish a safe air transport system, it is necessary to provide scientific and systematic education that reflects on-site demands, along with quality management.