Prognostic Factors For Recovery Research Articles

ASO Author Reflections: Prognostic Factors for Recovery from Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy After Minimally Invasive McKeown Esophagectomy: A Retrospective Study.

ASO Author Reflections: Prognostic Factors for Recovery from Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy After Minimally Invasive McKeown Esophagectomy: A Retrospective Study.

ASO Visual Abstract: Prognostic Factors for Recovery from Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy After Minimally Invasive McKeown Esophagectomy: A Retrospective Study.

ASO Visual Abstract: Prognostic Factors for Recovery from Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy After Minimally Invasive McKeown Esophagectomy: A Retrospective Study.

Clinical Evolution of Acute Vestibular Syndrome: Longitudinal Retrospective Analysis of Epidemiological Data and Prognostic Factors for Recovery

We evaluated the clinical features of patients admitted to the ED with acute vertigo, verifying symptoms after one month and one year to establish epidemiological factors and predictors of resolution. We reviewed 233 records of patients admitted to ED for acute vertigo (125 F and 85 M, mean age 56.12 years). We analyzed the correlation between time of resolution (at one month and one year) and symptoms duration (subjective and/or objective vertigo, instability, cervical pain, audiological, neurological, and neurovegetative symptoms), comorbidities, and therapies, the result of the clinical and instrumental vestibular examination. Resolution of acute vertigo occurred in 81.1%, while persistence of vertigo one year after ED access was reported in 18.8%. There were 135 patients who recovered in one month. The presence of instability, auditory and neurovegetative symptoms, and neck pain represents a significant factor for recovery within one year. Age over 65 and a history of hypertension are associated with a worst recovery. Patients with spontaneous Nystagmus or positive HIT showed a significant difference in symptoms recovery within one month and one year. Presence of positional Nystagmus represents a positive prognostic factor. Our findings emphasize the importance of clinical evaluation of the acute vertigo, helping the clinicians to define central or peripheral diagnosis and predict the resolution of vertigo.

Trajectories and prognostic factors for recovery after hip fracture: a longitudinal cohort study.

The aim of this study was to determine recovery trajectories and prognostic factors for poor recovery in frail and non-frail patients after hip fracture. Patients with a hip fracture aged 65years and older admitted to a hospital in the Netherlands from August 2015 to November 2016 were asked to complete questionnaires at oneweek and one, three, six, 12, and 24months after injury. The questionnaires included the ICEpop CAPability measure for older people, Health Utility Index, and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. Latent class trajectory analysis was used to determine trajectories of recovery. Patient and injury characteristics for favourable and unfavourable outcome were compared with logistic regression. In total, 696 patients were included of which 367 (53%) patients were frail. Overall, recovery trajectories in frail patients were worse compared to trajectories in non-frail patients. In frail patients, poor recovery was significantly associated with dementia. Lower age was a prognostic factor for good recovery. Immobility, loneliness and weight loss were prognostic for respectively poor capability and symptoms of anxiety and depression. In non-frail patients, recovery after hip fracture was associated with loneliness and the type of hip fracture. Although frailty is associated with poor recovery in older patients with hip fracture, a large proportion of frail patients show good recovery. Loneliness determines poor recovery with anxiety and depressive symptoms. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02508675 (July 27, 2015).

The Loss of Smell and Taste in the COVID-19 Outbreak, A Cross Sectional Study

Background: A significant proportion of people infected with COVID-19 report new onset of smell and taste loss. The duration of the chemosensory impairment and prognostic factors of recovery is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the prevalence rate and other signs and symptoms which are predictors in patients. Objective: To find out the association of Anosmia and Ageusia with COVID-19. To find out relationship of Gender with Anosmia and Ageusia in COVID-19 or other URTI. Methods: I was a cross-sectional study, participants were from CMH, Multan, Hospitals of different cities of the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The study was conducted from 1st July to 31st of August 2021. 185. All faculty members and medical Students of CMH Bahawalpur. Results: Out of 185 participants, 99 (53.5%) were male and 86 (46.5%) were female. The mean age was 23.93 ± 6.661years. Pearson correlation of covid-19 with loss of smell is 0.533 which shows that there is strong positive relationship between them. On one-way ANOVA fever sig. is 0.002 which shows high significance. URTI also shows association but other signs and symptoms like dyspnoea, dry cough do not show any significance. Shows the majority of participants are suffering from taste and smell loss (95.1%) along with body aches (82.7%), dyspnoea (94.6%), acute dry cough (36.2%), URTI (19.5%) and fever (36.2%).

Prognostic factors of recovery with medication in patients with taste disorders.

ObjectivesWe aimed to elucidate the prognostic factors of the patients with taste disorders who were treated with popular and common medication in Japan.Materials and methodsA retrospective study on the medical charts of a total of 255 patients with taste disorders who were treated primarily with oral medication including a zinc agent.ResultsThe factors below were significantly linked with poor prognosis: 1) male gender, 2) taste disorders that began 3 months before starting treatment and 3) a severe taste disorder grade at the initial visit.ConclusionsWe have concluded that the prognosis for the patients with taste disorders who were treated by popular and standard medication therapy in Japan recently was significantly linked to gender, the period of 3 months before starting the treatment and the severity of the disorder at the time of diagnosis. In addition, we recognized some limitations we should resolve in further research including a method of measuring “umami” and so on.Clinical relevanceBetter awareness of these factors should be clinically useful when we manage patients with taste disorders. Earlier treatment should be started to cure the symptoms.

Clinical Prediction of the Prognostic Factors for Recovery of Bell's Palsy

Clinical Prediction of the Prognostic Factors for Recovery of Bell's Palsy

Factors that influence neurological deficit and recovery in lumbar disc prolapse—a narrative review

Neurodeficit due to lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a serious complication and can range from sensory hypoesthesia in a single dermatome to a debilitating condition like cauda equina syndrome (CES). Many authors have described variable clinical and radiological risk factors for neurodeficit in LDH. Similarly the prognostic factors influencing recovery have been variable across the studies. This narrative review discusses the pathogenesis, most consistent factors associated with the occurrence of neurodeficit in LDH patients and also the factors which have a prognostic role in recovery. Pathological mechanisms like venous congestion, neuronal ischaemia and multiple root impairment act either individually or in combination to result in neurodeficit in LDH patients. Among the clinical risk factors, diabetes mellitus and acute onset of symptoms have been associated with neurodeficit while pre-existing spinal canal stenosis, non-contained discs (sequestrated/migrated) are potential radiological risk factors for developing neurodeficit. When considering prognostic factors for recovery, pre-operative muscle strength is the only significant factor. Knowledge about the causative and prognostic factors in neurodeficit following LDH would help in the successful management of this condition.

Prognostic factors for recovery and non-recovery in patients with non-specific neck pain: a protocol for a systematic literature review

IntroductionNeck pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder worldwide. It can result in significant disability and impaired quality of life. More than 50% of patients with neck pain still report symptoms...

Assessment of Glycemic Variability May Be the Next Step in Optimizing Patients for Total Joint Arthroplasty: Commentary on an article by Noam Shohat, MD, et al.: "Increased Postoperative Glucose Variability Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes Following Total Joint Arthroplasty".

Commentary Total joint replacement is recognized as a high-value effective approach to restoring function and quality of life to patients with degenerative joint disease of the hip or knee. In spite of dramatic successes, many patients still suffer complications, and the mortality rate is not insignificant. Recently, an emphasis on preoperative optimization has been advocated and, in many centers, accepted as an important approach to care. Proper management of type-II diabetes with tight control of blood glucose levels is accepted as a key aspect of preoperative optimization of patients before total joint replacement. Currently, the hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), an indicator of chronic glucose control, is the most relied upon laboratory marker in preoperative assessment. Values of <8.0% are considered optimal to avoid diabetic complications following total joint replacement. Serum glucose is a short-term indicator of glucose control and levels should be <200 mg/dL for elective surgery to proceed1. Shohat and coauthors have undertaken a more in-depth assessment of the importance of glucose control for avoiding infection and mortality after elective total joint replacement. They cite the lack of definitive studies on the subject as the rationale for their innovative new approach. They extrapolated the observed importance of glucose variability as a predictor of mortality and infection after cardiovascular surgery to total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA), conducting an intriguing exploration of this clinical variable in predicting poor outcomes in those settings. They use their extensive institutional database to search for associations between various degrees of glucose variability in the postoperative period and periprosthetic joint infection, surgical site infection, and mortality after THA and TKA. The study has many limitations, which the authors point out, but consistent correlations between increasingly severe degrees of glucose variability and the 3 adverse outcomes studied are found. As an initial investigation, this work may prove groundbreaking for future studies and help to reduce the risk of these devastating outcomes following THA and TKA. Investigating glucose variability as a prognostic factor for recovery following THA and TKA is a new concept. Fluctuations in serum glucose levels outside the acceptable range of 70 to 140 mg/dL (hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia) induce considerable oxidative stress that can result in cardiac and vascular complications and typically results in prolonged hospital stays. Glucose variability appears to affect surgical prognosis more than chronic hyperglycemia and can complicate the postsurgical recovery of patients without diabetes. A glycemic diet and obesity are risk factors for glucose variability, and dietary modification and weight loss often help to stabilize glucose fluctuations and could be used as a preoperative strategy to better optimize patients at risk. Postoperative protocols for strict control that maintain serum glucose levels in the range of 70 to 140 mg/dL may be better achieved with frequent or continuous postoperative serum glucose monitoring, new long-acting insulins, and even continuous insulin infusions. This subject has been explored in greater depth2. Shohat et al. have called attention to a medical comorbidity that demands further study. For their findings to be meaningful, future studies must prospectively assess glucose control in a more comprehensive fashion than was presented by Shohat et al. New technologies that allow frequent or continuous glucose monitoring are needed. In addition, studies to identify serum markers for glucose variability, such as glycosylated albumin, are necessary to help in the preoperative assessment of risk2. Finally, strategies that achieve tighter glucose control during the postoperative period must be developed to avoid the complications noted in this study. Collaboration with endocrine and perioperative medicine specialists will be mandatory. I salute Shohat et al. for their interesting study and for bringing this important medical comorbidity to our attention. I look forward to more comprehensive studies that will allow us to advance further from this important beginning.

Lesion locations associated with outcomes for post-stroke aphasia

Several studies identified age, gender, handedness, lesion size, stroke subtype, aphasia/stroke initial severity as prognostic factors for recovery from aphasia. However, prediction of recovery still remains difficult to establish initially for patients with initial severe aphasia. The aim of this study was to identify the lesion location associated with poor recovery. One hunderd aphasic patients were included within fourteen days after a first ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke of the left hemisphere and had analysable MRI sequences. The severity of aphasia was determined using the Aphasia Severity Rating Scale in the acute phase and six months post-stroke. The ASRS is a 6-point Likert scale from the lowest score 0 to 5. A severe aphasia initially was defined as an ASRS score < 3. Good recovery at M6 was defined as an ASRS = 4–5. In a first step, axial diffusion-weighted images, or T2*-weighted images for intra-cerebral haemorrhage, were imported. Lesions were drawn manually as regions of interest blinded to clinical data. Images were normalized to a standard brain template. The resulting normalized lesion maps were analysed in a VLSM approach, which applies the graded information at the behavioural level to voxel-wise binary lesion information. The resulting maps were corrected for multiple comparisons. Regarding all patients, a better outcome was significantly associated ( P < 0.01) with lesion excluding the following areas of the left hemisphere: Putamen, transverse temporal gyrus (Heschl gyrus), Insula, Rolandic Operculum. Regarding patients with severe aphasia initially, a poor recovery (i.e. ASRS at M6 < 4) was significantly associated ( P < 0.05) with lesion in the Putamen and transverse temporal gyrus (Heschl gyrus). The present study identified critical areas associated with poor outcomes for aphasia, particularly lesions of the superior temporal gyrus for patients with severe aphasia initially. These findings are in line with previous results in the literature.

Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review

BackgroundOne-third of individuals who sustain an acute lateral ankle ligament sprain suffer significant disability due to pain, functional instability, mechanical instability or recurrent sprain after recovery plateaus at 1 to 5 years post injury. The identification of early prognostic factors associated with poor recovery may provide an opportunity for early-targeted intervention and improve outcome.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive search of AMED, EMBASE, Psych Info, CINAHL, SportDiscus, PubMed, CENTRAL, PEDro, OpenGrey, abstracts and conference proceedings from inception to September 2016. Prospective studies investigating the association between baseline prognostic factors and recovery over time were included. Two independent assessors performed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment of the studies. A narrative synthesis is presented due to inability to meta-analyse results due to clinical and statistical heterogeneity.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 3396 titles/abstracts after duplicates were removed. Thirty-six full text articles were then assessed, nine of which met the study inclusion criteria. Six were prospective cohorts, and three were secondary analyses of randomised controlled trials. Results are presented for nine studies that presented baseline prognostic factors for recovery after an acute ankle sprain. Age, female gender, swelling, restricted range of motion, limited weight bearing ability, pain (at the medial joint line and on weight-bearing dorsi-flexion at 4 weeks, and pain at rest at 3 months), higher injury severity rating, palpation/stress score, non-inversion mechanism injury, lower self-reported recovery, re-sprain within 3 months, MRI determined number of sprained ligaments, severity and bone bruise were found to be independent predictors of poor recovery. Age was one prognostic factor that demonstrated a consistent association with outcome in three studies, however cautious interpretation is advised.ConclusionsThe associations between prognostic factors and poor recovery after an acute lateral ankle sprain are largely inconclusive. At present, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any factor as an independent predictor of outcome. There is a need for well-conducted prospective cohort studies with adequate sample size and long-term follow-up to provide robust evidence on prognostic factors of recovery following an acute lateral ankle sprain.Trial registrationProspero registration: CRD42014014471

Robotic assessment of the contribution of motor commands to wrist position sense.

Assessing joint position sense for rehabilitation after neurological injury provides a prognostic factor in recovery and long-term functional outcomes. A common method for testing joint position sense involves the active replication of a joint configuration presented via a passive movement. However, recent evidence showed how this sense is mediated by the centrally generated signals of motor command, such that movements produced volitionally may be coded differently from passive movements and accuracy may be different when matching targets presented actively. To verify this hypothesis we asked ten participants to actively replicate a target wrist angle with the help of a visual feedback in two conditions, which differed in the mode of target presentation: active (aaJPM) or passive (paJPM). The accuracy of target matching, directional bias and variability were analyzed, as well as speed and smoothness of the matching movement and criterion movement in the aaJPM. Overall results indicate higher accuracy and lower variability in the paJPM, while directional bias showed the tendency to overshoot the target regardless of condition. The speed did not differ in the two conditions and movements were smoother in the aaJPM, suggesting a higher confidence by participants in their matching ability. In conclusion, this study suggests that motor commands negatively affect the accuracy of joint position sense when matching involves the integration of visual and proprioceptive information.

Long-Term Functional Outcome of Symptomatic Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in an Interdisciplinary Treatment Concept.

In symptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs), data on long-term functional outcome are sparse in the literature, even in the light of modern interdisciplinary treatment decisions. We therefore analyzed our in-house database for prognostic factors and long-term outcome of neurologic symptoms after microsurgical/endovascular treatment. Patients treated between 2000 and 2016 after interdisciplinary vascular board decision were included. UIAs were categorized as symptomatic in cases of cranial nerve or brainstem compression. Symptoms were categorized as mild/severe. Long-term development of symptoms after treatment was assessed in a standardized and independent fashion. Of 98 symptomatic UIAs (microsurgery/endovascular 43/55), 84 patients presented with cranial nerve (NII-VI) compression and 14 patients with brainstem compression symptoms. Permanent morbidity occurred in 9% of patients. Of 119 symptoms (mild/severe 71/48), 60.4% recovered (full/partial 22%/39%) and 29% stabilized by the time of last follow-up; median follow-up was 19.5 months. Symptom recovery was higher in the long-term compared with that at discharge (P= 0.002). Optic nerve compression symptoms were less likely to improve compared with abducens nerve palsies and brainstem compression. Prognostic factors for recovery were duration and severity of symptoms, treatment modality (microsurgery) and absence of ischemia in the multivariate analysis. This recent study presents for the first time a detailed analysis of relevant prognostic factors for long-term recovery of cranial nerve/brainstem compression symptoms in an interdisciplinary treatment concept, which was excellent in most patients, with lowest recovery rates in optic nerve compression. Symptom recovery was remarkably higher in the long-term compared with recovery at discharge.

Prognostic Factors Associated with Recovery of Ambulation and Urinary Continence in Dogs with Acute Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury.

BackgroundLimited information is available about prognostic factors for recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) to the L4‐S3 segments. Previous research suggests that L4‐S3 SCI does not have a worse prognosis than T3‐L3 SCI.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo elucidate prognostic factors for regaining urinary continence and ambulation in dogs with L4‐S3 SCI and compare prognosis to T3‐L3 SCI.Animals/MethodsA retrospective study on 61 nonambulatory dogs with L4‐S3 SCI, matched to dogs with T3‐L3 SCI, compared 3 weeks after onset. Prognostic factors explored using logistic regression and used for matching: nonchondrodystrophic dogs >15 kg versus dogs that were chondrodystrophic or <15 kg; compressive versus noncompressive lesions; presence versus absence of conscious pain perception (CPP); and lower vs upper motor neuron (LMN/UMN) incontinence.ResultsFewer L4‐S3 dogs regained continence compared to T3‐L3 dogs (64 vs 85%, P = .0033), but no difference existed for regaining ambulation (66 vs 75%, P = .1306). In L4‐S3 SCI dogs, fewer dogs regained continence with loss of CPP (P < .001), LMN incontinence (P = .004), and noncompressive lesions (P = .006). Negative prognostic factors for regaining ambulation included absent CPP (P < .001) and large nonchondrodystrophic breed (P = .022).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with L4‐S3 SCI have a poorer short‐term prognosis than do dogs with T3‐L3 SCI. Dogs with L4‐S3 SCI had a poor prognosis with loss of CPP, or noncompressive lesions combined with LMN incontinence. Small‐breed or chondrodystrophic dogs with retained CPP, compressive lesions, and UMN incontinence had an excellent prognosis. These findings may help guide decision‐making in L4‐S3 SCI.

Prognostic Factors for Recovery from Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Study.

Background and ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate prognostic factors in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).Subjects and MethodsFrom January 2007 to December 2011, a retrospective chart review identified 494 consecutive patients with ISSNHL. Demographic, audiometric, and clinical data were analyzed using a logistic regression test.ResultsHearing recovery from ISSNHL was significantly associated with factors such as age, duration from onset of symptoms to commencement of treatment, severity of the initial pure tone threshold, and the treatment method. Intratympanic (IT) steroid administration alone showed a comparable efficiency to oral steroid administration with or without IT steroid injection. In patients who received IT steroid injection, the duration from onset to treatment, severity of initial hearing loss, and sequential IT steroid injection following systemic steroid administration were statistically associated with hearing improvement.ConclusionsAge, severity of initial pure tone threshold, duration from onset to treatment, initial speech discrimination, and initial pure tone threshold are statistically significant prognostic factors related to hearing improvement in ISSNHL. IT steroid injection as an initial single treatment is comparable to systemic oral steroid administration.

Prognostic factors for recovery in Portuguese patients with Bell’s palsy

Objective: The main aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors that contribute to complete recovery at 6 weeks and 6 months in patients with Bell’s palsy.Material and Methods: This is a prospective, longitudinal, and descriptive study that included 123 patients diagnosed with facial nerve palsy (FNP) at a hospital in Guimarães, Portugal. However, only 73 patients with Bell’s palsy (BP) were included in the assessment of recovery at 6 weeks and 6 months. We analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, including sex, age, paralyzed side, occupation, previous and associated symptoms, seasonal occurrence, familial facial palsy, patient perception, intervention options, and baseline grade according to the House-Brackmann facial grading system (HB-FGS).Results: Of the 123 cases with FNP, 79 (64.2%) patients had BP. Age, sex, and baseline HB-FGS grades were significant predictors of complete recovery at 6 weeks. Patients with HB-FGS grade III or lower (6 weeks baseline) had significant recovery of function at 6 months.Conclusions: Baseline severity of BP, elderly patients, and male sex were early predictors of poor prognosis. Patients with mild and moderate dysfunction according to the HB-FGS achieved significant normal facial function at 6 months. Further prospective studies with longer observation periods and larger samples are needed to verify the results.

Expectations of recovery: A prognostic factor in patients with neck pain undergoing manual therapy treatment.

Expectations have been investigated in populations seeking care for neck pain, however not considering potential confounding factors. The aim of this study was to investigate if pretreatment expectations of recovery is a prognostic factor for recovery from neck pain at 7weeks follow-up in patients seeking manual therapy treatment. The study was based on the Stockholm Manual Intervention Trial, a randomized controlled trial investigating efficiency of three combinations of manual therapy. The patients with neck pain were included in this study (n=716). Expectations of recovery was measured at baseline; 'How likely is it, according to your judgment, that you are completely recovered from your neck/back problems in 7weeks'. Patients answered on a 11-point scale, further categorized into low, moderate and high expectations. The outcome was measured at 7weeks follow-up by a modified version of the Global Perceived Recovery Question. Potential effect measure modifiers and confounders were measured at baseline. Multivariable log binomial regression models were used to analyse the association between expectations and recovery, presented as relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI). High expectations of recovery yielded a 47% increased probability of being recovered at 7weeks follow-up. High expectations of recovery yielded improved recovery in both men and women separately, but moderate expectations yielded improved recovery only among men. Our results suggest that expectations of recovery is a prognostic factor for recovery in patients with neck pain seeking manual therapy treatment. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: We found that high expectations of recovery yielded a higher probability of recovery compared to having low expectations, also when considering potential confounding factors. Expectations seemed to have a more distinct influence on recovery among men.

The added prognostic value of MRI findings for recovery in patients with low back pain in primary care: a 1-year follow-up cohort study.

Information on the prognostic value of MRI findings in low back pain patients in primary care is lacking. The objective of this study is to investigate the added prognostic value of baseline MRI findings over known prognostic factors for recovery at 12-month follow-up in patients with low back pain referred to MRI by their general practitioner. Patients referred by their general practitioner for MRI of the lumbar spine were recruited at the MRI Center. The questionnaires at baseline and at 3 and 12-months follow-up included potential clinical predictors from history taking and the outcome recovery. The MRI radiology reports were scored. Analysis was performed in 3 steps: derivation of a predictive model including characteristics of the patients and back pain only (history taking), including reported MRI findings only, and the addition of reported MRI findings to the characteristics of the patients and back pain. At 12-months follow-up 53% of the patients reported recovery (n = 683). Lower age, better attitude/beliefs regarding back pain, acute back pain, presence of neurological symptoms of the leg(s), and presence of non-continuous back pain were significantly associated with recovery at 12-months follow-up: area under the curve (AUC) 0.77. Addition of the MRI findings resulted in an AUC of 0.78. At 12-months follow-up, only 53% of these patients with low back pain referred for MRI in general practice reported recovery. Five clinic baseline characteristics were associated with recovery at 12-months follow-up; adding the MRI findings did not result in a stronger prediction of recovery.

Influence of Sexuality in Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major clinical condition and research is commonly done to find suitable treatment options. However, there are some degrees of spontaneous recovery after SCI and gender is said to be a contributing factor in recovery, but this is controversial. This study was done to compare the effects of sexual dimorphism on spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury in Wistar Rats. Spinal cord lesions were made by compressing the cord at T9 level and making a spinal cord contusion. Routine care of each rat was done daily. The LSS scoring system was used to measure the locomotion of these rats and to compare the recovery rate between male and female rats. The results suggested that there was no significant difference between the two sex in recovery. To be female does not seem to be a prognostic factor for recovery after SCI. However, this preliminary study should be repeated in other animals and in larger cohorts.