Profitability Of Marketing Research Articles

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RICE MILLING AND MARKETING IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

The study analysed the profitability of rice milling and marketing in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used for the selection of respondents. The respondents comprised rice processors (millers) and marketers. Data were collected using questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting techniques and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that majority (87.5%) of the millers and all (100%) of marketers were male and married with a mean age of 39 and 44 years respectively. However, 43.8% of the millers and 40% of the marketers had a family size of between 6-10 people per household with majority (62.5%) of the millers having tertiary education. The analysis also shows that half (50%) and more than half (53%) of the millers and marketers had a marketing and milling experience of between 11-20 years. The result of the budgeting model revealed that millers had a net income of N714 per bag with a return per naira of N1.46 and marketers had a net income of N1, 672 per bag with a return per naira of N 0.12. The results of the regression analysis revealed that years of milling experience and education level were the factors influencing rice milling while household size and membership of association were significant factors influencing rice marketers’ income. However, high cost of diesel (96.7%) and transportation cost (95%) were the major constraints faced by the millers and marketers in the study area. The study concluded that, milling and marketing of rice is a profitable ventures in the study area. It is therefore, recommended that government together with stakeholders should provide adequate infrastructure and introduce favorable policies to strengthen the rice value chain in the study area.

Banana Supply Chain in Navi Mumbai, India

This study investigates the banana supply chain in Navi Mumbai, aiming to identify existing supply channels, analyze their efficiency, problems faced by producers and anayse the market potential of banana in the study area. Primary data were collected from respondents to accomplish these objectives. Secondary data were obtained from private and government publications, and review papers. Utilizing a descriptive research design and employing a probability sampling method, the study surveyed 50 farmers, 5 village traders, 5 pre-harvest contractors, 10 wholesalers cum commission agents, and 10 retailers using a semi-structured schedule. Three marketing channels were identified. Among them channel-III (Farmer - Wholesaler cum commission agent - Retailer - Consumer) was the most efficient option, offering the highest producer's share in the consumer's rupee (40.05%) and the highest marketing efficiency (0.67), with a price spread of Rs. 1711.55 per quintal. In the study area, banana producers face challenges such as high input costs, delayed availability of planting materials, and losses due to diseases and pests. Marketing hurdles include lower prices, distant selling unit locations, delayed payments, and inadequate transportation and storage facilities. Village traders, preharvest contractors, wholesalers cum commission agents, and retailers also encounter various obstacles such as price fluctuation, handling and transportation losses, low-quality produce, and labour shortages. As the total market demand for banana in Navi Mumbai was estimated to be ₹62.26 crore, addressing these challenges is vital for enhancing the efficiency and profitability of banana marketing in the study area, necessitating coordinated efforts from policymakers, agricultural stakeholders, and market participants. Establishing FPOs and FPCs can ease access to affordable planting materials and address marketing challenges, benefiting all banana market stakeholders.

A profitability and constraints analysis of production and marketing of rice (Paddy) in Satna District of Madhya Pradesh state in India

A profitability and constraints analysis of production and marketing of rice (Paddy) in Satna District of Madhya Pradesh state in India

CHARACTERISTICS AND PROFITABILITY OF DATE PALM MARKETING IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

This study aimed at analyzing Characteristics and profitability of date palm marketing in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was employed for selecting 50 respondents (15 wholesalers and 35 retailers) for the study. The data for the study were collected using structured questionnaires administered to the respondents. Descriptive statistics, Gross marketing margin, Net marketing margin and return per naira invested were used to analyze specific objectives of the study. The findings revealed that wholesalers (35.6 years) and retailers (26.1 years) involved in date palm marketing were primarily within their economically active age range. The marketers had small household sizes of 5 and 6 persons for wholesalers and retailers respectively, and a significant proportion (About 60%) had no formal education. Personal savings were the main source of initial capital for both wholesalers (53.3%) and retailers (54.3%). Co-traders were the primary source of marketing information (53.3%), and Jan Dabino (34%) emerged as the most popular and marketable date palm variety in the study area. The return on investment for the two ventures was estimated at 1.14 and 1.22 for wholesalers and retailers respectively. It was also found that retailers enjoy a higher net marketing margin and gross margin per bag than wholesalers respectively in the study area. Major constraints affecting date palm marketing in the study were inadequate capital (82%) and poor storage facilities (46%). It is recommended that the industry should be rejuvenated in order to meet the demand for domestic consumption and also the creation of job opportunities; and provision of capital through initiatives such as government subsidies

From Green Vision to Market Reality: Exploring Sustainable Initiatives and Challenges in India

In the era of globalization and heightened environmental awareness, the relevance of green marketing has surged in India. This exploratory study investigates the evolution and significance of green marketing, shedding light on its golden rules and integration into the marketing mix. Emphasizing the imperative for sustainable green marketing, the study explores its objectives and delves into challenges faced by Indian companies. Recent data underscores the profitability of green marketing, propelled by consumer demand. A scrutiny of the Indian corporate sector reveals noteworthy green initiatives by key players such as H.C.L., O.N.G.C., Kansai Nerolac, Wipro, I.T.C., Tata, and Godrej. Challenges encountered include conveying new environmental concepts, managing costs, and gaining stakeholder cooperation. The study advocates aligning marketing practices with environmental considerations for holistic, eco-friendly approaches fostering sustainable growth in both business and the environment.

Profitability of Palm Kernel Marketing in Southeast Nigeria: The Intervening Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

The actual impact of ICT facilities on the profitability of palm Kernel marketing remains inadequately understood. Thus, this study investigated the intervening role of ICT on the profitability of palm kernel marketing in Southeast Nigeria. Data for this study were collected from 360 palm oil marketers from 30 markets of three randomly selected states of Southeast Nigeria using multistage sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary techniques. The result on ICT facilities available for marketing of palm kernel revealed that majority of the palm kernel marketers in Abia (65%), Imo (68.3%) and Anambra (86.6%) used social media marketing platform in the marketing of palm kernel in the study area. The findings on the cost and return in the use of ICT in the marketing of palm kernel revealed that the labour constituted the highest percentage (18.10%) of the total variable. Cost of palm kernel marketing in the study area followed by cost of purchases (18.04%), cost of transportation (13.63%) and the least, cost of packaging (2.59%). The return on investment (ROI) realized by the marketers of palm kernel using ICT to aid the business was ₦0.27 implying that for every ₦1 invested in palm kernel marketing in Southeast, a return of ₦0.27 was realized. Evidence from the findings shows that palm kernel marketing with the use of ICT facilities is a profitable enterprise in Southeast Nigeria. It was recommended that marketers awareness on how usage of ICT facilities could improve their marketing returns should be intensified through enlightens campagna and that marketers utilization of ICT facilities for marketing palm kernel should be intensified through training to acquire requisite skills in using these facilities.

Income analysis of turmeric marketing in Onitsha agricultural zone, Anambra state, Nigeria

The study examined income analysis of turmeric marketing in Onitsha agricultural zone, Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, it described the socioeconomic characteristics, profitability, economic efficiency, and constraints of turmeric marketing. Multistage and sample random sampling methods were used to select 160 intermediaries 80 wholesalers and 80 retailers for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, enterprise Budgeting, Shepherd-Futrell techniques, and relative index techniques. Findings from socioeconomic characteristics revealed that the turmeric market is dominated by males mostly at wholesale marketing than women (60.00%) showing signs of gender sensitivity at different levels in the study area. Findings from the profitability of turmeric marketing showed that for every 1 Naira invested in the business, wholesalers returned 24 kobo while retailers returned 1.61 kobo. The result of the analyses revealed that both the wholesalers and retailers did not attain efficiency of 100% in the marketing of turmeric implying the existence of good level of inefficiencies among the actors (wholesalers and retailers). The level of inefficiency was higher (80.29%) among the wholesalers than the retailers (38.3%) implying that the retailers were more efficient in the marketing of turmeric than the wholesalers. The findings on constraints showed that online marketing, transportation and taxes, and LGA charges were the most perceived constraints on the wholesale level while on the retail level were online marketing, irregularity of market days, and insufficient start-up capital. Marketers should be encouraged to learn the act of on-line marketing to avoid being left out in modern trading and soft loan and grants should be made available for genuine marketers for efficient marketing were recommended.

Determinants of profitability of fresh catfish marketing in Uvwie Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria

Determinants of profitability of fresh catfish marketing in Uvwie Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria

Profitability Analysis of Onion (Allium Cepa(L)) Marketing in Gusau Central Market, Zamfara State

The study analysed the profitability of onion marketing in Gusau central market, Zamfara State. Data for the study were obtained from primary sources via a simple ramdom sampling technique. 80 onion marketers registered with onion marketers association of Nigeria were selected for the study. Therefore, a total of 80 respondents were interviewed and a structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents. Analytical tools used to analyse the data were descriptive statistics, Marketing margin, rate of return ratio and net marketing margin.This study revealed that onion marketing was predominantly dominated by married males. With regards to marketing margin analysis the study revealed that onion marketing was profitable with a margin of N745/50kg and N425/50kg at peak and off-peak period were realised. The net marketing margin of N1170/50kg indicating high profit. The study recommended that there is need for onion marketer to create a more community base storage facility that would accommodate large number of onions and also serves as a measures to be taken to avoid the loss of onion at marketing stage. However, Onion marketer’s association leaders should be very active and partner with financial institutions so as to easily have access to loans at reduced interest rate. This would help the onion marketers to have more capital base and in turn improve their business and their living standard.

Profitability of Beef Value Chain Marketing in Delta State, Nigeria

Profitability of Beef Value Chain Marketing in Delta State, Nigeria

An Analysis of Yam Flour Marketing in Olorunda Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria

Yam flour marketing is one of the Agribusiness ventures undertaken mainly by women (100%) in the study area. The business was profitable in that the Gross Margin (GM) of N 199,312.84 and the Marketing Margin of (MM) of N 19,575 were high and appreciable per caput. The marketers were in one or the other in a married state and no single woman was involved. They had a relatively large family size (6-10 members) and had at least one form of education. They were of mixed religion and funded their business mainly through cooperatives and daily contributions. They were all retailers and they mostly sold white yam flour (90%). It was revealed that Loan, Cost of Yam flour, Cost of Transportation and The total amount sold were the factors influencing profitability of Yam flour marketing in the study area. While Loan and Total amount sold had positive coefficients and were statistically significant at 10% and 1% respectively, Cost of Yam flour and Cost of Transportation impacted negatively on profitability and they were statistically significant at 5% and 1% respectively.

ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE of WOMEN HONEY MARKETERS in ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

Honey marketing is an important off-farm economic activity for women's livelihood and sustenance. Despite this, there is scant information in the literature about the economic performance of women honey marketers. Therefore, this study investigates the economic performance of women marketers, its drivers, and its challenges. Data collected from 120 women honey marketers were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross profit, net profit, benefit-cost ratio, return on capital invested, operating ratio, marketing margin, and multiple regression. We found that honey marketing was a profitable venture, as indicated by the high gross profit (USD 262.08), net income (USD 257.03), marketing margin (56%), benefit-cost ratio (1.72), and return on capital invested (0.72) per 58.14 liters sold. Honey marketing also had a low operating ratio of 0.57. Thus, women honey marketers performed economically well. The significant factors that enhanced the profitability of honey marketing were education, experience in honey marketing, credit, and membership in an association. While age, purchasing costs, and transportation costs reduced honey marketing profitability. Inadequate capital and credit, price fluctuations, a poor road network, high transportation costs, adulteration, and poor marketing information were the major severe constraints faced in honey marketing. These call for the provision of credit, training, and education to honey marketers by the government to enhance the profitability of the enterprise.

ANALYSIS OF CASSAVA TUBER MARKETING IN RURAL AND URBAN MARKETS IN EDO SOUTH AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONE, EDO STATE, NIGERIA

Cassava farmers and marketers are faced with problems bothering on poor pricing of the product locally, with attendant negative implications on their profitability. Hence, this study focused on the profitability of cassava marketing in rural and urban markets in Edo South Agro-Ecological Zone, Edo State, Nigeria. A three-stage sampling procedure was used in drawing up a sample of 161 cassava marketers from seven purposely selected major cassava markets. Data collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and regression analysis. Cassava tuber marketing was shown to be profitable in the study area with a monthly gross margin of ₦29,061.4 and a return per Naira invested of 0.29 (29%) for rural marketers. Urban marketers had a mean monthly gross margin of ₦19, 961.3 per marketer and a return per Naira invested of 0.32 (32%). Rural markets were found to be more efficient (576.78%) than urban markets (168.84%). The major factor militating against the farmers and marketers in their adopted management practices was having little money to spend. It is concluded that in order to improve the profitability of cassava tuber marketers in the study area, measures should be taken to cut down on the cost of transportation.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PROFITABILTY OF FISH MARKETERS IN SELECTED FISH MARKETS IN LAGOS AND OGUN STATES

This research examined the socio-economic characteristics and profitability of fish marketing participants in the selected fish markets in Lagos and Ogun States. Both descriptive statistics and econometric tools were employed to analyse data collected with structured questionnaire that was administered to 327 respondents in the study area. The significant socioeconomic variables identified are sex, age, household size, access to credit, experience and education. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed that R-square was found to be 0.658 which implies that 65.8percent of the variation in the socioeconomic characteristics affecting the profitability of fish marketing was explained by the independent variables. The result also revealed that the coefficient of fish marketing experience was positively related to profitability at 1% level of significance. This implies that the more the years of experience of the respondent in fish marketing, the more profit they will realize. The coefficient of household size negatively affected the output of fish marketers at 10% level of significance. This implies that the higher the population of the fish marketers’ household size, the lower the profitability of fish marketing. This is because members of the household did eat from the sales stock. The study also revealed that the coefficient of the respondents’ access to credit is positively related to fish profitability at 5% level of significance. This implies that the more the marketers have access to credit, the higher the sales stock with variety of fish. The study showed that high cost of fish, inaccessibility to credit facilities and shortage of supply are most critical constraints facing fish sellers in the study area. The authors suggested that logistics to make cooperative societies to provide adequate credit support to the members should be developed. Individual fish sellers should belong to as many cooperative societies as possible. Government should make fish marketing more attractive to enable more women and youth engage in the business to reduce youth unemployment rate. Locally production of fishes should be encouraged to bridge the supply gap.

Financial Profitability of Production and Marketing of Buffalo Milk in Lalitpur District, Nepal

Dairying is considered as a prestigious occupation among the agricultural sub-sectors in Lalitpur. The production of milk is concentrated in the peri urban and rural areas with the increase in demand for fresh milk in the urban areas. This study was conducted to analyse the economics of the production and marketing of buffalo milk in Lalitpur district, Nepal. This research was conducted from July 2021 to July 2022 collecting data from 123 respondents including farmers, collectors, key informants, and cooperatives working for milk related functions in Lalitpur district. The cost of rearing a milking buffalo was estimated NPR 5,762 per month, with the highest share of feed cost (47.8%) followed by labor cost (21.5%) and animal cost (13.1%). Results of Cobb-Douglas production function showed an increasing return to scale for milk production. Gross income, net income (per buffalo per month), and BCR were NPR 13,828, NPR 8,066, and 1.4, respectively. The cost of producing milk at the farmer’s level was far low than the National Dairy Development Board reported cost of production. The estimated mean technical efficiency was 92.41% for buffalo grower in a range of 88- 98%. Average monthly marketed surplus which was 92.7% of total production was around 3.05% less than the marketable surplus. Among the four milk marketing channels for buffalo milk supply, the longest channel i.e. Farmer-Collector-Large milk processors-Consumer has the highest price spread of 50.59% and producers’ share of 49.4%. The shortest channel i.e. Farmer – Collector –Consumer has the estimated price spread of 9.89% and producers’ share of 91.03%. Improving production and productivity is important in order to improve profit. The extension workers are suggested to make efforts and motivate farmers to acquire technical and management knowledge to increase dairy producers’ profits. Infrastructure development was below the standard for milking buffalo keeping and selling. Improving these weaknesses, study further suggest turning peri-urban regions of Lalitpur district as the primary milk production location within Kathmandu valley.

Marketing of Fresh Imported Frozen Fish in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria

Women, (64.4%) dominated the marketing of imported frozen fish in study area and they were active economically. They were married(81.1%) with a relatively large family(6 or more members) that served as a source of labor; Most of the traders were Muslims(54.4%) while others were Christians showing that fish marketing is not affected by religious bigotry. Most of the marketers, (86.6%) had access to credit gotten from daily contribution collectors and trough cooperatives. Most respondents (74.4%) were in associations, where they paid membership dues and the Herfindahl index was 1.17%, which indicated high market concentration. Frozen fish marketing is profitable in the study area with a Marketing Margin of 47.36 %. Factors affecting profitability of fish marketing in the study area were Age, which is significant at 5% and it is negatively signed, Religion which is significant at 5% but also negatively signed, Household size, which is significant at 1% level and it is highly positively signed. Interest paid although against expectation is significant at 5% and positive; Other Business is positively significant at 1%. Amount paid as dues in the market and Fish type had negative signs

Economic Analysis of Market Performance of Fresh Fish in Lagos State, Nigeria

This study analysed the market performance of fresh fish marketing in Lagos state, Nigeria. It critically focused on ascertaining the market structure, determine the profitability of fish marketing and determining the marketing efficiency of fresh fish marketing in the study area. Multistage sampling procedure was used to sample 80 fresh fish marketers from Lagos state. The data collected for the study were analysed using Gini coefficient, budgetary technique and shepherd efficiency model. The study revealed that there was inequality in the income distribution among the fresh fish marketers with Gini coefficient of 0.78, it further shows that fresh fish marketing is profitable with gross margin of #27,101.36 and that fish marketing activities among fish marketers is highly efficient (517.5%). Thus, government should help in the provision of a soft loan to the marketers so as to promote fresh fish marketing being a profitable and efficient business. Keywords: Market Performance, Market Structure, Profitability, Market Efficiency DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/13-7-01 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

Analysis of Mango Marketing Channels in Siraha, Nepal

The Siraha district of Nepal experiences surplus mango production during the season that ends up being wasted or sold at throw-away prices due to imperfect marketing. Thus, this survey research was conducted to investigate the market channels of mango, post-harvest mechanisms, constraints, marketing margins, market shares, consumer purchasing behaviors, and patterns of purchasing in Siraha.The research survey was done with thirty producers, five wholesalers, thirty-two retailers, and twenty-five consumers within the Golbazaar and Dhangadimai municipalities through a semi-structured questionnaire. Mango trading was dominated by males. It was revealed that the market demand for mango in Siraha was produced in Siraha itself(91.49%). The wholesalers supplied 30.66% of their mango to retailers, and 14.73% to consumers. Gulab Khas and Banaganapalli were the most imported varieties from India. Each variety of mango provided an almost equal margin, although Bombay was slightly higher than others. The market share was dominated by the Maldah variety as most of the farmers cultivated this variety.It was found that in addition to the varieties and arrival time, the distance to markets and farming practices were significant factors influencing the profitability of mango marketing. There is great potential to industrialize and substitute the Indian mango in the market through commercial production of mango, efficient storage, and post-harvest management, and in increasing the efficiency of the mango marketing system through subsidies and aids to the mango growing farmers from concerned stakeholders. A collaborative approach is required among all stakeholders for sustainable mango marketing and establishing it as an economic profession.

Profitability and Determinants of Edible Insects Marketing in Oji-River and Udi Local Government Areas, Enugu State, Nigeria

The study examined the profitability and determinants of edible insects marketing and utilization in Oji-River and Udi Local Government Areas, Enugu State, Nigeria. Specifically, it described the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, estimate the profitability of edible insect marketing and determined the influence of socio-economic characteristics of the respondents on net marketing income. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents and data collection was on primary source using well structured questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, enterprise budgeting, Shepherd-Futrell and multiple regression techniques. Finding on socioeconomic characteristics showed that majority of the marketers (35.83%) are within the age bracket of 41-50 years with mean age of 39% and there is female (80.83%) dominance in the enterprise. Profitability indicators such as; net marketing income (N,736,952.83), input cost (cost of harvesting and marketing) (N3,223,247.15), return on investment (N2.159), net return on investment (N1.15) and coefficient of marketing efficiency (0.463) proved the enterprise profitable. The implication of the net return on investment figures revealed that the marketers return N1.15 for every 1 naira invested in the business. Findings also indicated marketing efficiency level of 46.30%. It implies that the marketers are less efficient in marketing of edible insect. Age, gender, household size, other source of income and marketing cost significantly determined net marketing income realized by the edible insect marketers. However improvement in the marketing strategy which will benefit the harvesters/marketers and provision of modern storage and preservative facilities by the union and other relevant agencies for a longer period of time were recommended. Keywords: Profitability, determinants, marketing and edible insects.

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF BAMBARA GROUND NUT MARKETING IN ENUGU METROPOLIS, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

This study explored the profitability of raw Bambara groundnut marketing in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria. Multi-stage survey design was used to sample 60 respondents by means of well structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to realise the objectives. Majority of the respondents (78.3%) were males; the modal age was 43-53; mean years spent in school was 16.07 years. Only (28.3%) had access to credit, while (71.7%) financed their businesses through personal savings. Quantity of bambara groundnut sold was significantly and positively influenced by: household size (p < 0.05); access to credit (p < 0.01); and access to market information (p < 0.01). The following results were also observed: GPM 16.5%, NPM 14.7%, BCR 1.17:1, and ROI 17.3%. Major constraints include: inadequate finance with mean score of (3.93), seasonal price fluctuations (3.93), poor road network (3.70), weevil attacks (3.23) and high cost of goods (3.28). The study recommends that the relevant government agencies should formulate policies that will enable the marketers to have access to cheap credit facilities for expansions and even for new entrants, in order to reduce unemployment and poverty levels in the area. Good road networks and commodity storage systems should be provided by the agencies to ensure easy movement of goods, as well as curtail post-harvest losses. Also, the marketers should form/join cooperative societies, and other market associations for easy access to finance and other resources.