Profit Space Research Articles

Revenue sharing contract coordination of wind turbine order policy and aftermarket service based on joint effort

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss how wind farms attract wind turbine manufacturers to get involved in wind turbines’ maintenance service with revenue sharing contract of bundled service under which the background of operation and maintenance (O&M) aftermarket of wind turbine exists. The authors also try to extend the results to the application of product plus service business mode on large-scale equipment O&M service. At present, Chinese wind power industry is suffering from production capacity redundancy. The profit levels for both wind farm and wind turbine manufacturers are relatively low. It is significant for Chinese wind power industry development to coordinate the supply chain of wind power in order to reduce O&M costs and increase revenues.Design/methodology/approachThe present paper discusses product plus aftermarket service contract design on the background of closed-loop product service chain and uncertain equipment demand using revenue sharing contract model.FindingsIf centralized decision making is assumed, the authors find that the wind turbine order increases as the aftermarket service effort level and aftermarket service profit increase; aftermarket service effort level is positively correlative to the service efficiency. On the other hand, if decentralized decision making is assumed, the wind turbine order increases as share of the aftermarket service chain by manufacturer to wind farm increases and share of product supply chain by wind farm to manufacturer decreases. The optimal effort level of wind farm increases as the share of aftermarket service chain increases while the optimal effort level of the manufacturer is a concave function of share of aftermarket service chain if service quality linear correlates with effort level. Meanwhile, the authors find that the revenues of the product supply chain and aftermarket service chain have a concave relationship. This relationship is not affected by the format of relationship between service quality and effort level (linear or exponential).Practical implicationsThe results could potentially be used to provide the wind turbine manufacturer with a greater profit space and satisfy wind farm’s equipment maintenance demand at the same time. It can also guide the practice of revenue sharing in the aftermarket service and manufacturing servitization.Originality/valueIn this model, the authors assumed that both the forward revenue sharing of power generation by wind farm to manufacturer and the backward revenue sharing of maintenance service by the manufacturer to wind farm exist in closed-loop product service chain. Then the authors discussed channel coordination of such cross-revenue sharing contract.

Study on the Transformation and Upgrade of E-Commerce Application in Manufacturing Industry

Under the Internet thinking, manufacturing management mode is changed, it is not depend on the scale, but in the user as the center, more dependent on the reaction rate of user requirements. As the big data, cloud computing, Internet of things technology such as the development of technology, manufacturing is from automatic to intelligent evolution, on the user's personalized customization is possible. Using Internet thinking positive development manufacturing enterprise electronic commerce application mode of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry plays an important role. Promoting the continued ascent of manufacturing industry informatization level, promote the transformation of the manufacturing production mode, provide greater profit space for the export of products. In industrial 4.0 mode, the user is the core of the enterprise, C2B model will be the mainstream of future manufacturing e-commerce application mode. This paper to present the sorted out the basic model of manufacturing enterprise electronic commerce application, point out the existing problems, and the computing technology, communication technology, the constant development of storage technology, such as background, puts forward the corresponding countermeasure, points out that the C2B model is the development direction of manufacturing enterprise electronic commerce application mode.

Research on the Impact of Interest Rate Liberalization on the Profitability of China’s Listed Small and Medium Sized Commercial Banks

In 1996, The People's Bank of China (PBOC) established a national treasury bonds market and inter-bank lending market, marking that the official start of China’s interest rateliberalization. After 20 years of orderly developing, reform has entered the key stage. In October 23, 2015, the PBOC announced that it would no longer set the floating ceiling of deposit rate to commercial banks and rural cooperative financial institutions. Release the control of interest rate means that the entire banking industry will fall into a more intense competition, and the traditional mode of operation will suffer from more threats and challenges. Especially in China's small and mediumsized commercial banks, compared to the large state-owned banks, the capital accumulation is relatively weak, more limited business development, limited customer resources, lack of brand effect, so it is bound to face more difficulties.In empirical research, the article selects 11 listed small and mediumsized banks as the research samples, using panel data model to analyze how the interest rate liberalization impact the profitability of these selected banks. Finally, combining with analysis results, the article proposes some measures to increasing the profit space of small and mediumsized commercial banks under the process of interest rate liberalization.

“The broken schippus he ther fonde”: Shipwrecks and the Human Costs of Investment Capital in Middle English Romance

Featuring prominently in the romance imagination as terrifying obstacles in the hero’s path, shipwrecks are nevertheless often presented from the salvager’s perspective. Romances abound with knights, clerks, and merchants who obsessively observe nearby beaches and cautiously (yet excitedly) examine the contents of wrecked vessels. Washed ashore, such fruits of maritime disaster delineate medieval English conceptions of seashores as dangerous yet profitable spaces, wherein seaside harvests of (un)natural resources help to stimulate local economic networks. Designations of these shipwrecks as “magical” or “fortuitous” cannot, however, completely elide the source of such wealth in others’ suffering—an unavoidable implication that interrogates contemporary means of attaining investment capital. As such, this paper examines how the littoral space of the seashore is cast as a source of perilous and problematic material bounty in many Middle English romances.

Study on the Application of PLC in Coal Sorting System

In order to reduce the coal production cost and labor, PLC is designed as the core technology of coal sorting, and a lot of sensor to distinguish colors and properties of coal join in this system. The sorting effect is very good. PLC coal sorting system has stable, safe, simple, reliable and other advantages, can improve the efficiency of coal production, and has brought the huge profit space for the enterprise. This paper first analyzes the PLC sorting system requirements and functions, and then discusses the control principle of PLC automatic sorting, the total design scheme of automatic sorting and related hardware design analysis, researches and hopes to help PLC coal sorting technology.

基于时间竞争的供应链响应时间研究

如何快速响应顾客需求是从时间竞争角度对供应链所做的战略考虑。以一个三阶的供应链为研究对象，在对供应链响应时间的概念模型和计算模型的进一步研究基础上，通过对整条供应链的响应时间和利润权衡，考虑潜在收益情况下在供应链的利润空间可接受范围内对响应时间进行压缩。最后参考价值流理论，对整个供应链的响应时间进行研究，以便压缩响应时间提高整个供应链的竞争力。 How to respond to customer requirements quickly is a strategical consideration of the supply chain from the point view of time competition. Using a three-order supply chain as the object of research, based on the further research on the conceptual model and calculation model of response time of the supply chain, by weighting the response time and the profit of the entire supply chain, we consider compressing the response time within the acceptable range of the profit space of the supply chain under the condition of gaining profits. Finally, referring to the theory of value stream, we study the response time of the whole supply chain to compress the response time and enhance the competitiveness of the entire supply chain.

Research on Financial Management Method of Fixed Assets of Large Enterprise Based on Computer Information Technology

for large enterprises, the fixed assets of enterprise are the material foundation for the development of enterprises. It is of important significance to do well the financial management of fixed assets. In China, many large enterprises are the manufacturing enterprises. The profit space of manufacturing enterprises is relatively low. In this case, it must strengthen the management level of enterprise fixed assets, improve the use efficiency of fixed assets, reduce production costs, so as to make the enterprises have a greater economic benefits. In this background, this paper has established the financial management scheme controlled by computer for the fixed assets of large enterprise, and has established the investment planning mathematical model of the double financial management of the fixed assets. Besides, it has made rational financial allocation of fixed assets for the large enterprises, which has obtained the financial management objective function of enterprises maximum benefits. Finally, the paper combines with the VB computer information software, it takes a large enterprise as an example to control the program for its financial investment, and obtains the optimal allocation model of fixed assets, which provides theoretical guidance for the study of financial management of large enterprises.

Haynesville shale play economic analysis

Unconventional gas resources in the U.S. are abundant, but their development is capital intensive and subject to technologic risk, geologic uncertainty, and gas price volatility. In the Haynesville shale, wells are characterized by high initial production rates and rapid decline, and it is the tradeoff between these conditions and high investment that define the profitability of the play. The purpose of this paper is to examine the economic viability and sustainability of the Haynesville shale play. We characterize the operating envelope under which Haynesville wells are economic and describe the profit space based on a technical review of production and cost characteristics in the region. We explore two-variable factor models using type curves and construct before and after tax functional relationships. The majority of Haynesville wells fail to break-even on a full-cycle basis at prevailing gas prices. For $6/Mcf gas, average producers are expected to generate pre-tax returns between 1 and 11.5% for 1 to $0.5/Mcf operating expenses and $7.5 million capital expenditure. P10 wells are expected to generate a pre-tax return of 52 to 25% for $7.5 to $10million capital expenditures and post-tax returns of 40 to 20%. We show that gas prices in the first year of production are an important determinant of well profitability.

Profitability assessment of Haynesville shale gas wells

The Haynesville shale in Louisiana is one of several unconventional gas plays that have been discovered in the U.S. in the past decade and promise to dramatically change the course of future energy development given its enormous resource potential. Unconventional gas resources are abundant, but their development is particularly sensitive to technologic risk, geologic uncertainty, and gas price. To produce at commercial rates, shale gas wells require horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing which significantly increases the capital cost. The purpose of this paper is to examine the price sensitivity of Haynesville wells and the economic viability of the play. We characterize the operating envelope under which Haynesville wells are economic and describe the profit space based on a review of production and cost characteristics. The majority of Haynesville wells fail to break-even on a full-cycle basis at prevailing gas prices. This harsh economic reality will control future activity after new entrants fulfill their drilling requirements. For $5/Mcf gas, the average Haynesville well is expected to generate a 10% return when drilling and completion costs are $7 million and operating expenditures are $1/Mcf. We explore two-variable factor models using type curves and introduce functional relations for the multiple variable case.

Financial Crisis and the Cyclical Changes of Financial Supervision

This article is to search the underlying reasons of financial crisis and economic cycle. This article, from a new Angle of view(human nature), explain the reasons of economic crisis and its cycle, reveals the interaction of capital greed and financial supervision in the process of economic cycle and the inevitability of economic crisis in capitalism's system. Conclusion: because the progress of science and technology and the development of social economy cannot continue to meet the need of capital greed, capital will collectively seek institutional breakthrough——relaxing on financial supervision Relaxed financial supervision make capital win more profit space, but also lead to the rampancy of capital greed, and then cause economic bubble and economic crisis. Economic crisis makes people to seek the new, strict financial supervision. Economic cycles arise there from.

Cooperative Pricing of Apparel Supply Chain Based on API

The purpose of this paper is to construct a multi-objective optimization model for cooperative pricing in the management of apparel supply chain. Firstly, by using Apparel Popularity Index (API) model, a kind of pricing model for supply chain has been built. Then, by introducing cooperation and other constraint conditions, a kind of cooperative pricing model was constructed. This model is a kind of Stackelberg game. The manufacturer and the retailer obtained their excess profits through the game. Lastly, this paper gave a numerical example which demonstrated that the excess profit of the cooperative supply chain was constant, and when the constraint conditions changed, the excess profit space would change at the meantime. This research result can help partners on apparel supply chain to practice Quick Response strategy.

Research on Supplier Collaborative Product Development Mechanism under Condition of Manufacturing Outsourcing

The pressure of financial turmoil and global competition drive domestic manufacturers to seek additional profit space besides low-cost labor and raw materials so that they could gain more competitive strength than the other companies in the world. The article maintains that in the manufacturing outsourcing environment domestic manufacturers could effectively reduce cost, shorten R&D cycle time and improve product quality in the manner of collaborative product development with outsourcing suppliers. With supply chain management and synergy theory, the article makes analysis of the definition for supplier collaboration, and then summarizes main activities of collaborative product development including specification, concept design, detail design and product design. Meanwhile, collaborative product development shall satisfy 6 key preconditions. Based on this, the article brings forwards the mechanism of collaborative product development, which is concerned with 5 phased key activities and collaborative manner from customer requirement to initial operational testing. Eventually, predict that collaborative mechanism need to be further analyzed under industry background From the beginning of the 21st century, the variation of macroscopic and microscopic environment that the global industrial field has faced was far fiercer and much more difficult to forecast than ever before. Now mass manufacture can only be accomplished by close cooperate with outsourcing partners, because of the new globalized manufacture network is becoming more and more digitized, decentralized, virtualized, intellectualized and agile. In last few decades, Chinese production has won innumerable outsourcing orders by the advantage in low cost and flexibility, which built a solid foundation of the trade surplus of China. However, in the past two years, because of the financial crisis, RMB appreciation, prices of raw material shy rocketed, and the rigorous quality and service requirement which customers always asked, the profit margin of Chinese manufacturing businesses become much smaller than ever. If these manufacturing companies keep going as before, the existing advantage they have would be soon eroded. Therefore, from ideality of supply collaborative, if these outsourcing companies can build a close relationship actively with their supplies who could significantly affect the total cost of these outsourcing companies, by using the advantages and experience these supplies have, they can design products cooperatively, save cost from the beginning, shot the development stage, and create a significant positive impact on the price and quality of the end products of these outsourcing companies

The (re-)positioning of the doctorate through the eyes of newly qualified researchers

Policy interest in doctoral education has burgeoned in Europe and the UK with a realisation of its importance for producing highly skilled knowledge workers to sustain the knowledge economy. In the UK, doctoral education is increasingly constructed as a training ground for professional researchers, rather than as an entry to an academic career. With the aim of producing a cadre of knowledge workers primed to seek employment across different work sectors, a stream of UK government funding has targeted the skills development of doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers, recently redefined as ‘early career’ or ‘early stage’ researchers. These emergent concepts reflect a new area of social enquiry where there is a paucity of data. This article reports on a small-scale, exploratory, mixed-method study that was positioned in this gap and which was conceptualised through post-positivist theories of learning and identity. Drawing upon an online survey followed by semi-structured interviews with 15 respondents, it explored the career trajectories of newly qualified researchers who had graduated with doctorates between 2006 and 2008. Although policy discourses before and in response to the recent economic crisis seem to reflect a rather restricted and instrumental view of research and education, the data suggest that newly qualified researchers maintain wider visions. Although recognised as a small-scale, exploratory study, the data also illuminate gender and social class inequities in the transition from the doctorate into employment, as well as equity issues within higher education employment structures, where it is suggested that the appeal of more traditional visions of higher education in society as an autonomous or ‘not for profit space’ is still powerful, but at the same time the appeal and commitment to such visions may paradoxically contribute to a perpetration of inequities.

Mobile Web 2.0. Theoretical-technical framework and developing trends.

More recently, synergy between novel technology and new usage patterns has enabled the convergence of mobile devices and Web 2.0 applications. This synthesis is embodied in a new conceptual and profitable space called mobile Web 2.0, where an always on empowered web consumer, is sought after by manufacturers, operators, business developers and media actors. In this article, we will mainly focus on mobile Web 2.0 as defined above. This piece of research delineates an original theoretical and technical framework that helps introduce the reader to the mobile Web 2.0 phenomenon. For this, the central aspects in the evolution of mobile phone usage towards Internet-based collaborative applications will be emphasized. In addition to it, the difficulties and limitations faced by the industry, the seven principles of Web 2.0 for mobile devices, and product, content and GUI aspects of this incipient market will be analyzed. A computer graphics have been included as a summary of this piece of research.

Practical training as a means of reflecting on practice: an evaluation of a vocational and education and training programme for rescue officers

AbstractIn a revision of a vocational and education and training (VET) programme for rescue officers, practical training in the rescue company was supplemented with periods of training in hospital wards. The purposes of this were to teach the rescue officers basic nursing and to qualify them to inform the patients in the ambulances about the procedures at the hospital. An evaluation of the revised programme showed that these two purposes were fulfilled. However, the trainees also described another kind of outcome, which could be called awareness of own practice. The practical training in the hospital seems to provide a profitable space for reflection. In this article, the trainees’ learning from their practical training in the hospitals is investigated in order to explain why the hospital succeeds as a space for reflection.

Diary of a Film Reviewer

Diary of a Film Reviewer

A cognitive tool for teaching the addition/subtraction of common fractions: a model of affordances

The aim of this research is to devise a cognitive tool for meeting the diverse needs of learners for comprehending new procedural knowledge. A model of affordances on teaching fraction equivalence for developing procedural knowledge for adding/subtracting fractions with unlike denominators was derived from the results of a case study of an initial prototype of a graphical partitioning model. Offering affordances in our model makes available profitable spaces for learners to interact in ways that meet their needs. This model of affordances was evaluated by a pre-test–post-test control group design to study the performance of the experimental group in learning with the model. Results of the study indicated that the model afforded learners, with various abilities for learning, knowledge of fraction equivalence. The key for mediating the generation of procedural knowledge for adding/subtracting fractions with unlike denominators in working with our cognitive tool was the concept of fraction equivalence and the capability of computing this.

A graphical partitioning model for learning common fraction: designing affordances on a web-supported learning environment

The aim of this study is to design cognitive tools for mediating the cognitive capabilities of learners on learning common fraction. A web-supported learning environment (WSLE) with the use of a graphical partitioning model (GPM) to encourage knowledge construction on common fraction was designed and developed. The design of the WSLE originated from the nature of the subject matter and mediated for meeting diverse needs of learners by offering affordances. Offering affordances in the GPM is to make available scaffold or profitable spaces and ample opportunities for the learners to interact and to meet their own needs. The model of affordances is derived from the results of an evaluation study of an initial prototype of the cognitive tool, leading to the design of the GPM of a WSLE, which aims to assist learners in developing concepts and procedural knowledge for learning fraction addition/subtraction with unlike denominators. The three functions of cognitive tool in the GPM are: graphical presentation tool, partitioning device and hypothesis testing bed. Affordances are accessible for fulfilling the diverse needs of learners. Pedagogical implications for interactions with the GPM and future evaluation work were discussed.

Approximating Multiobjective Knapsack Problems

For multiobjective optimization problems, it is meaningful to compute a set of solutions covering all possible trade-offs between the different objectives. The multiobjective knapsack problem is a generalization of the classical knapsack problem in which each item has several profit values. For this problem, efficient algorithms for computing a provably good approximation to the set of all nondominated feasible solutions, the Pareto frontier, are studied. For the multiobjective one-dimensional knapsack problem, a practical fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS) is derived. It is based on a new approach to the single-objective knapsack problem using a partition of the profit space into intervals of exponentially increasing length. For the multiobjective m-dimensional knapsack problem, the first known polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS), based on linear programming, is presented.

The Fully Polynomial Approximation Algorithm for the 0-1 Knapsack Problem

A modified fast approximation algorithm for the 0-1 knapsack problem with improved complexity is presented, based on the schemes of Ibarra, Kim and Babat. By using a new partition of items, the algorithm solves the n -item 0-1 knapsack problem to any relative error tolerance e > 0 in the scaled profit space P * /K = O ( 1/ e 1+δ ) with time O(n log(1/e )+1/ e^{2+2δ}) and space O(n +1/ ɛ^{2+δ}), where P^{*} and b are the maximal profit and the weight capacity of the knapsack problem, respectively, K is a problem-dependent scaling factor, δ={α}/(1+α) and α=O( log b ). This algorithm reduces the exponent of the complexity bound in [5].