Product Profitability Research Articles

Marketing strategies in reward-based crowdfunding: The role of demand uncertainties

Reward-based crowdfunding has become an attractive option for entrepreneurs to launch new businesses. This paper examines crowdfunding entrepreneurs’ decision-making facing uncertain demands to shed light on the quality, pricing, and advertising strategies of crowdfunded products. At the core of our analysis are two fundamental mechanisms of reward-based crowdfunding (the All-Or-Nothing, or AON, funding model and ex-ante pricing) and their interactions with two prevalent demand uncertainties in new product development, namely market size uncertainty and consumer valuation uncertainty. Our results show that AON benefits the entrepreneur by safeguarding against both types of demand uncertainty. Ex-ante pricing, however, is harmful through the uncertainty in consumer valuation but not in market size. AON boosts product quality, price, and advertising spending while ex-ante pricing hinders these important marketing decisions. In further examining how market size versus consumer valuation uncertainty affects new product profitability, we find that greater uncertainty in market size can be profit-enhancing. However, the case of consumer valuation uncertainty is more nuanced, featuring a U-shaped impact on profitability. The paper offers insights and managerial implications to entrepreneurs, investors, and crowdfunding platforms.

Fruit Disease Detection using Image Processing

These days within the agrarian assiduity we've a good reference in fruit field. As we know that India’s frugality is truly dependent upon the agrarian assiduity, so an advanced field is must necessary and important. That is why growers want the homemade process of covering the fruits from crop till its growing phase. Purely homemade observing will not give reasonable results and also consumes a lot of your time, hence proposing an resourceful smart husbandry approach. That helps growers to descry conditions in crops. The proposed work uses image processing ways like preprocessing to enhance the quality of an image and segmentation to partition the images also feature birth to prize some useful information and type to classify the diseases. Fruit conditions are a major problem in profitable losses and product in the agrarian assiduity worldwide. In this paper, an image processing approach is proposed for relating fruit conditions. conditions in fruit cause ruinous problem in profitable losses and producting agricultural assiduity worldwide. According to the Sri Lankan terrain, treatment details are taken by the growers from the field officers. But it can take a multitudinous days. So, this proposed system can be used to identify fruit conditions snappily and automatically. This proposed approach is composed of the following main way; Preprocessing, point birth, Bracket, Training &Testing. Our experimental results express that the proposed result can significantly support accurate discovery and automatic type of fruit diseases. Paper demonstrates the system for discovery of fruit complaint. Present days as there's restrictive interest for husbandry assiduity, successful development and enhanced product of fruit is abecedarian and imperative. For this reason agronomists bear homemade observing of fruits. But all the time primer observing will not give satisfactory results and they generally bear guidance from master. So there's demand for proposing an effective cultivating system which helps for better product and advancement with truly lower mortal trouble, Image processing strategies are employed for performance of proposed system. For image segmentation Four point vectors are used in the proposed system those are colour, morphology, texture and structure of hole on the fruit. The system utilizes two image databases, one for training of formerly stored complaint images and one further for performance of query images. For matching of patterns and identification of fruit conditions GLCM or CNN generality is used.

Traditional or drop-shipping? channel choice and product quality

Compared to the traditional channel, where a retailer bears the inventory risk, the drop-shipping channel operates with a distinct approach: the retailer avoids stocking products while the manufacturer directly handles stocking and shipping to consumers. Due to the different inventory risk allocations, the two channels have different product qualities and profits for the manufacturer and retailer. In this study, we investigate product quality decision of the manufacturer and delve into the impact of product quality on the manufacturer's and retailer's profitability. First, we find that product quality can be weakly higher in the drop-shipping channel than that in the traditional channel. This is because the drop-shipping channel allows the manufacturer who undertakes demand uncertainty to charge a higher wholesale price, resulting in a higher product quality. Second, our study reveals that the traditional channel can concurrently yield higher profits for the manufacturer and retailer when product quality is considered, which is in contrast to the previous works. Third, in the traditional channel, as demand uncertainty rises, the retailer's production quantity increases, while the manufacturer's product quality decreases. Finally, our results indicate that the product quality is more sensitive to the shipping cost when demand uncertainty is low.

Optimal design and experimental validation of emulsified cosmetic products: A multiscale approach

There is an increasing demand for sustainable and cost-effective chemical products, such as eco-friendly emulsified products, contributing to a resource-efficient economy and a reduction in our ecological footprint. This new paradigm challenges the chemical industry due to a lack of accurate predictive models and understanding of emulsified systems. This study presents an optimization strategy to design cosmetic emulsions through a multiscale approach, which represents an opportunity to boost and improve the design of these products. The study employs a model-based design approach considering operating conditions, product formulation, economic performance, consumer preference, and the emulsions properties at different scales. At the macroscopic scale, rheological and textural properties are considered and coupled with a Population Balance Model, which estimates the drop size distribution (i.e., microscopic scale). The optimal emulsion formulation is established for consumer preference and product profit maximization scenarios. According to the economic model, a higher level of consumer preference is expected to lead to increased product sales. However, the results also indicate that consumer preference maximization may not necessarily correlate with higher profits. Thus, the profit maximization scenario offers a better balance between consumer preference and economic performance. Also, experimental validation was performed for the product properties and operating conditions.

A Study on Problems and Prospects of Data Visualization in Super Store using Data Analysis Tools

This study aims to investigate the challenges and opportunities associated with data visualization in superstores utilizing various data analysis tools. By understanding the problems faced and exploring the prospects of effective data visualization this research contributes to the enhancement of decision-making processes within retail sector. In the ever-evolving landscape of retail superstores rely heavily on data-driven insights to make informed decisions and enhance operational efficiency. The sales analysis on Superstore dataset is a comprehensive study that aims to analyze the sales performance of a fictional retail company called "Superstore". The dataset used in this analysis contains information about sales transactions, customers, products, and geographical locations. The analysis involves using Power BI, a data visualization and reporting tool, to create interactive dashboards and reports that provide insights into thesales performance of Superstore. The data is cleaned and transformed using Power Query, and a data model is created using Power BI's data modelling tools. The analysis includes several key metrics, such as sales revenue, profit, and margin, which are visualized using charts, tables, and graphs. The analysis also explores trends in sales over time, product categories, customer segments, and geographical regions. The results of the analysis provide valuable insights into Superstore's sales performance, highlighting areas of strength and weakness. The analysis reveals that Superstore's sales are strongest in the East and West regions of the United States, and that furniture is the most profitable product category. The analysis also identifies opportunities for improvement, such as increasing sales in the Central region and improving customer retention. Overall, the sales analysis on Superstore dataset provides a valuable tool for businesses to better understand their sales performance and make data-driven decisions to improve their sales processes.

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Kualitas Pelayanan dan Citra Perusahaan terhadap Keputusan Nasabah dalam Menabung

This research aims to determine the influence of product quality, service quality and company image on savings decisions. The variables used are product quality (X1), service quality (X2) and company image (X3) on saving decisions (Y). The type of research used is quantitative research using surveys and distributing questionnaires. The sampling technique used was a non-probability sampling method with a total of 80 respondents. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression. Research data processing was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS) tools. The research results showed that simultaneously the variables product quality, service quality and company image had a positive effect on purchasing decisions at the Bank Muamalat Medan City Hall Branch Office. 79% of product quality, service quality, company reputation and profit sharing can influence customer decision variables in saving while the remaining 21% of customers' decisions to take financing are influenced by other variables not examined in this research. 
 Keywords: product quality, service quality, company image, saving decisions.

Integrated Profitability Evaluation for a Newsboy-Type Product in Own Brand Manufacturers

Effective inventory management depends on accurate estimates of product profitability to formulate ordering and manufacturing strategies. The achievable capacity index (ACI) is a simple yet efficient approach to measuring the profitability of newsboy-type products with normally distributed demand, wherein profitability is presented as the probability of achieving the target profit under the optimal ordering quantity. Unfortunately, the ACI is applicable only to retail stores with a single demand. In the current study, we addressed the issue of measuring the integrated profitability of newsboy-type products sold in multiple locations with independent demand levels, such as own-branding-and-manufacture (OBM) companies with multiple owned channels. We began by formulating profitability in accordance with multiple independent normal demands, and then developed an integrated ACI (IACI) to simplify expression. We also derived the statistical properties of the unbiased estimator to determine the true IACI in situations where demand patterns are unknown. Finally, we conducted hypothesis testing to determine whether the integrated profitability meets a stipulated minimum level. For convenience, we tabulated the critical values as a function of sample size, confidence level, the number of channels, and the stipulated minimum level. One can make decisions simply by estimating the IACI based on historical demand data from all channels and then looking up the critical value in the corresponding tables. Consequently, the proposed methods make it possible for OBM managers to address integrated profitability evaluation, which is effective in deciding the optimal timing to pull unprofitable items from the shelves by looking up generic tables. Furthermore, we also performed numerical and sensitivity analyses for a real-world case to illustrate the applicability and some managerial implications of the proposed scheme.

인공지능 기반 농작물 성숙도 체크와 농산물 시장가격 변동을 고려한 출하시기 결정시스템 연구

This study aims to develop an integrated agricultural distribution network management system to improve the quality, profit, and decision-making efficiency of agricultural products. We adopt two key techniques: crop maturity detection based on the YOLOX target detection algorithm and market price prediction based on the Prophet model. By training the target detection model, it was possible to accurately identify crops of various maturity stages, thereby optimizing the shipment timing. At the same time, by collecting historical market price data and predicting prices using the Prophet model, we provided reliable price trend information to shipping decision makers. According to the results of the study, it was found that the performance of the model considering the holiday factor was significantly superior to that of the model that did not, proving that the effect of the holiday on the price was strong. The system provides strong tools and decision support to farmers and agricultural distribution managers, helping them make smart decisions during various seasons and holidays. In addition, it is possible to optimize the distribution network of agricultural products and improve the quality and profit of agricultural products.

Linear Programming Approach for Optimal Profit Mix of Cassava Grates and Flour

The research aimed to identify the optimal combination of cassava grates and flour to maximize the profit of a project initiated by the Philippine Root Crops Research and Training Center at Visayas State University. The findings revealed that the most profitable combination consisted of 125 kg of cassava grates and 25 kg of flour, resulting in an optimum profit of Php 4,250.00 for the entire production. The study highlighted that the project was constrained by limited inputs, preventing it from exceeding the optimal quantities of the two products. To enhance the profitability of both products, adjustments in the resources utilized during production were necessary. While the current production of cassava grates falls below the optimum quantity, indicating room for increased production with the existing inputs, the production of cassava flour had already reached its optimal level. To achieve optimal quantity and profit, the project must implement strategies to prevent resource wastage.

Economic assessment for TFC-RO membranes production for water desalination

Cutting-edge membranes employed in various desalination applications are polyamide thin-film composite (TFC) membranes, created through interfacial polymerization (IP). Despite their widespread use in desalination, these membranes face several technical impediments in real-world applications. In recent years, there has been notable attention directed towards graphene oxide (GO) and materials derived from it, particularly in the field of membrane synthesis and functionalization. Capitalizing on their distinctive and adjustable characteristics, numerous nanomaterials based on GO have been explored and employed as efficient nanofillers in diverse membrane applications, ranging from water treatment and purification to desalination. The research contributes to (1) the developed concept of reverse osmosis membrane production, and the description of the step-by-step process design to produce modified reverse osmosis membranes(longer lifetime membranes with chlorine resistant properties); (2) the improved methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of reverse osmosis membrane manufacturing process adjusted to the specifics of the process design and the time factor; and (3) substantiation of the economic efficiency of the reverse osmosis membrane production project without and including the time factor impact.The project’s net present value is 664,074.76 EUR, with an internal rate of return of 13.20 %, while the return on investment is 21.23 %. The discounted payback period is longer than the simple payback period by 24.32 % but still acceptable at 9.15 years. The product profitability is 17.99 %. The comparative analysis of previous publications presenting alternative reverse osmosis modules revealed a market potential for new reverse osmosis modules and a sufficient reserve of the business.

User-Generated Content and Copyright Liability: Assessing the Role of User in Copyright Infringement Detection

User-generated content (UGC) exists in various formats on digital platforms, including images, audio, and videos. The capital market has turned UGC into profitable products, benefiting content creators and game companies. This reciprocal relationship presents opportunities in the digital market. However, due to current legislation and public sentiment, UGCs lack sufficient protection under intellectual property laws. This research aims to investigate the copyrightability of user-generated videos in the game industry. Specifically, it seeks to justify the copyright protection of user-generated game videos and propose potential solutions. Furthermore, this paper acknowledges live streaming recordings as a distinct type of game video. The entertainment industry's exponential growth, especially in video games, has sparked a surge in game live streams and videos among gamers. However, this has also led to copyright infringement issues, particularly with fair use defenses. The Copyright Act of 1976 grants exclusive rights, and game videos and live streams infringe on reproduction, display, public performance, and distribution rights. While recognizing the social value, the current statutory framework, like the DMCA, is ineffective. Implementing improvements like a new compulsory license would address copyright issues and foster creativity. A flexible legal standard allowing commercial and fair use would promote economic development, social harmony, and cultural enrichment, while failure to do so could hinder freedom of expression and innovation.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ СЕБЕСТОИМОСТЬЮ ПРОДУКЦИИ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

Managing the cost of production in modern conditions of market economy development becomes a key factor in the successful functioning of organizations. The rapid development of technology, changes in consumer demand, increased competition and the instability of the economic environment create the need for effective cost management to reduce product costs. This is especially true for companies engaged in the production and sale of their own brands. The article analyzes the existing concepts of “organization”, its structure, role, functions and types, the main aspects of cost and cost management, as well as the methods and tools used to effectively manage them. A recommendation is made to compare the results in different time periods, between different departments of the organization or with industry standards. It was concluded that profitability of products, analysis of deviations, comparative analysis and benchmarking, efficiency factors are the main methods used to assess the effectiveness of cost and cost management of products. Each of these methods has its own features and advantages, and their combination allows you to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of cost and cost management processes. The application of these methods helps to identify opportunities to reduce costs, increase profitability and ensure the competitiveness of the organization in the market.

Knowledge Management: High-Quality Production Decisions in Partial Volume Flexibility to Create Value for Customers

Uncertainty in the demand of individual customers increases demand volatility in the entire market. In this context, partial volume flexibility can help hedge against demand uncertainty and competition pressure, and subsequently help create value by means of high-quality production decisions and market responsiveness, within the assumption of transformation and applied knowledge incorporated into the production stages. The article aims to investigate this phenomenon. To achieve this, as part of the methodology, a unified measure, the flexibility degree, is taken to represent the level of partial volume flexibility. We find that under demand uncertainty, a firm goes through a process with four stages—capacity decision, stable production, flexible production, and pricing. In a monopoly model, we find that a slight change in the flexibility degree could significantly increase a firm's adjustable production range to respond to demand changes. Furthermore, we develop a general asymmetric duopoly model. We characterize the equilibrium and find that a firm with a higher flexibility degree is more sensitive to demand changes. Accordingly, in response to specific demand, a higher flexibility firm obtains more profit only when the demand is sufficiently high or low, otherwise, the lower flexibility firm wins. Finally, we observe that a firm's capacity increases in its flexibility degree and decreases in its rival's flexibility degree; this is because the firm balances the market share and product profitability.

The profitability of flat-price broadband with an over-the-top subscription content product – benefits from cooperation

We investigate the effect on the broadband market when an over-the-top subscription content product is introduced. Does it necessarily increase or decrease profitability of the broadband product when it (a) boosts the utility of broadband but (b) imposes additional costs to deliver the broadband service? The short answer is it depends. The different scenarios that we choose to illustrate this demonstrate that in many cases, the broadband and content providers can jointly benefit from coordination on how the content product is priced. Empirical evidence confirms that coordination does take place where 'network neutrality' is not mandated. In addition to the illustrative scenarios, we run a large number of simulations with a single broadband and single content provider, restricting the firms to integer prices, for different distributions of the customer valuations. The results show that cooperation between the firms (possibly through paid peering) generally produces better outcomes (also from the consumer point of view) than when the broadband provider reacts by raising the price of broadband independently.

ПЛАТЕЖЕСПОСОБНОСТЬ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ

The solvency of agricultural sector organizations is a key factor in their sustainable development. However, many organizations are facing problems in this area due to ineffective financial management, declining profitability of agricultural products, high production costs and rising debt. To solve these problems it is necessary to take comprehensive measures. It is important to analyze the financial condition of an economic entity. An analysis of the solvency of organizations is an assessment of their ability to fully pay off their obligations. In this article, a comparative analysis of agricultural organizations in the Krasnodar Territory was carried out, and measures were proposed that would improve their solvency. The significance of this analysis lies in the fact that it allows management to identify possible risks and problems in the financial condition of the organization, as well as develop proposals for minimizing them.

INNOVATIVE MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN BELAGAVI RURAL.

This research explores and evaluates innovative marketing strategies tailored for the unique context of Belagavi Rural's agricultural sector. The study investigates the challenges and opportunities in marketing agricultural products in this specific region, considering factors such as local traditions, consumer preferences, and distribution challenges. By analyzing successful case studies and incorporating insights from key stakeholders, the research aims to identify effective strategies that can enhance the market presence and profitability of agricultural products in Belagavi Rural. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights to marketers, policymakers, and businesses seeking to optimize their approach in rural agricultural markets. Key words: Agricultural products, Belagavi Rural, Marketing strategies, Rural marketing, Innovation

НАУЧНО-ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННАЯ КООПЕРАЦИЯ КАК ФАКТОР ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНОЙ КОРПОРАЦИИ

The article studies scientific and production cooperation (RPC) as a factor in the effective development of a high-tech corporation. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that RPC is a mechanism that allows us to combine scientific and technical knowledge and competencies, the owners of which are mainly scientific and educational organizations with the production resources of enterprises in order to create new products, improve existing technologies and optimize business processes. The importance of RPC increases specifically for a high-tech enterprise that produces innovative, technically complex products. The study of this topic allows us to identify key aspects of successful cooperation, as well as develop recommendations for streamlining this process. The object of study is a high-tech corporation (VPK NPO Mashinostroeniya). The subject of the study is economic, organizational, financial and production relations that arise in the process of scientific and production cooperation in a high-tech corporation. The purpose of the study is to study RPC as a factor in the effective development of a high-tech corporation. The article proposes methodological support for determining the economic efficiency of the strategic development of a high-tech corporation based on the use of factor, retrospective and regression analysis methods. During the study, it was highlighted that an increase in the ratio of research and development costs to revenue from sales of products negatively affects the profitability of goods, products, works, and services sold. This led to the development of tools that make it possible to predict the results of an enterprise’s activities for the long term, depending on the volume of RPC costs. This toolkit has its limitations, but in the current economic situation it can be used by both enterprises and government agencies to modernize production. The results of the study can serve as the basis for further research in the field of identifying internal reserves for the development of enterprises based on RPC.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МУЛЬТИВИТАМИННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА НА зООТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ГИБРИДНОГО МОЛОДНЯКА КРОЛИКОВ НА ОТКОРМЕ

The problem of increasing the production of highquality, profitable and in-demand livestock products on the market is acute at the present stage of agricultural development. Rabbit breeding today is a promising branch of beef farming, the main product of which is highquality dietary meat. The article presents the results of a study of age dynamics and live weight gain of hybrid young rabbits for fattening when different doses of the multivitamin complex “NutriCel” are included in their diet. From August to October 2023, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out on the territory of the rabbit breeding farm of Russian Rabbit LLC, Kostroma district, Kostroma region. As a result of the scientific experiment, the following data were obtained: the best results were obtained in experimental group No. 2, the animals of which were fed 0.5 ml/animal/day: a significant increase in live weight of young fattening rabbits was 3.06 kg (P≤0.05), which is 0.11 kg (3.59%) more than the control. The absolute increase had an advantage over the analogues of the control and experimental groups No. 1 and No. 3 by 20 g (6.4%; P≤0.01). The average daily gain was higher by 2.64 g (5.77%; P≤0.01) compared with peers in the control group. The relative increase exceeded the control by 0.14% (1.41%). At the same time, the safety of the young animals was 100%. In order to increase live weight gain, we recommend including the multi-vitamin complex “NutriCel” in the diet of rabbits with a dosage of 0.5 ml/bird/day for preventive purposes within 3–5 days from the moment of weaning. It showed a positive effect not only on the zootechnical parameters of young rabbits, but also on immunity in general.

How Social Media Marketing Impacts Darry Ring (DR)

This essay analyzes to what extent does social media marketings the profit model, competitive advantage, target audience, product, and social media strategy of Darry Ring (DR), a Chinese jewelry brand that specializes in engagement and wedding rings. DR claims to be the world’s first brand that requires ID verification before purchasing a ring, and limits each customer to buy only one ring in their lifetime. DR’s slogan is “One True Love in a Lifetime”, and its mission statement is to promote the value of true love and commitment in the modern society. The essay shows that social media marketing helps DR to enhance its brand image, increase its brand awareness, and retain its customers. Social media marketing also helps DR to differentiate itself from other jewelry brands, and to create a loyal community of true love advocates. The essay concludes that social media marketing has a significant impact on DR’s business performance and success.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МУЛЬТИВИТАМИННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА НА зООТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ГИБРИДНОГО МОЛОДНЯКА КРОЛИКОВ НА ОТКОРМЕ

The problem of increasing the production of highquality, profitable and in-demand livestock products on the market is acute at the present stage of agricultural development. Rabbit breeding today is a promising branch of beef farming, the main product of which is highquality dietary meat. The article presents the results of a study of age dynamics and live weight gain of hybrid young rabbits for fattening when different doses of the multivitamin complex “NutriCel” are included in their diet. From August to October 2023, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out on the territory of the rabbit breeding farm of Russian Rabbit LLC, Kostroma district, Kostroma region. As a result of the scientific experiment, the following data were obtained: the best results were obtained in experimental group No. 2, the animals of which were fed 0.5 ml/animal/day: a significant increase in live weight of young fattening rabbits was 3.06 kg (P≤0.05), which is 0.11 kg (3.59%) more than the control. The absolute increase had an advantage over the analogues of the control and experimental groups No. 1 and No. 3 by 20 g (6.4%; P≤0.01). The average daily gain was higher by 2.64 g (5.77%; P≤0.01) compared with peers in the control group. The relative increase exceeded the control by 0.14% (1.41%). At the same time, the safety of the young animals was 100%. In order to increase live weight gain, we recommend including the multi-vitamin complex “NutriCel” in the diet of rabbits with a dosage of 0.5 ml/bird/day for preventive purposes within 3–5 days from the moment of weaning. It showed a positive effect not only on the zootechnical parameters of young rabbits, but also on immunity in general.