Profile Of Men Research Articles

Associations between Muscle Strength with Different Measures of Obesity and Lipid Profiles in Men and Women: Results from RaNCD Cohort Study.

We aimed to examine associations between muscle strength and obesity and serum lipid profile in Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study. This study was conducted on 6,455 subjects aged 35–65 years old from baseline data of RaNCD in Iran. The associations between grip strength and adiposity measurements were explored using linear regression with adjustment for age, height, smoking status, alcohol intake, social class, and prevalent disease. The mean of body mass index (BMI) and muscle strength was 27.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2 and 33.3 ± 11.5, respectively. Muscular strength increased with increasing BMI and waist circumference (WC) in both sexes. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a 3.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29, 4.19) kg difference between BMI in top and bottom in men, and 1.71 (95% CI, 0.98, 2.34) kg/m2 in women. After multivariable adjustment, a difference of 2.04 (95% CI, 1.12, 2.97) kg was observed between the top and bottom WC quartiles in men and 1.25 (95% CI, 0.51, 1.98) kg in women. In men, with increase of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, the mean muscle strength was significantly increased. Muscle strength may be associated with body composition and lipid profiles. Muscle strength can be an appropriate indicator for predicting some of the problems caused by body composition disorders, which requires further longitudinal studies.

Evaluation of the Spermatic Profile of Men Consulting for Infertility of the Couple at the Hospital Center of Research and Application in Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproduction, Cameroon

Introduction: Males are found to be solely responsible for 20-30% of infertility cases and contribute to 50% of cases overall. The present research aims to study the spermatic profile in infertile couples in Cameroon. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study over a period of eight months at the Hospital Center for Research and Application in Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproduction. All men living in couples presenting for semen analysis as part of an infertility assessment and having given their informed consent were included consecutively. The statistical analysis of the data was done with the software Epi info version 3.5.4. Results: A total of 346 men were selected for the study. The majority (228, 65.9%) had sperm abnormalities, the most common being asthenozoospermia (48, 21.0%) and oligozoospermia (44, 19.3%). Conclusion: The spermatic profile of men in infertile couples was characterized by the importance of polymorphic alterations, the most frequent being asthenozoospermia and oligozoospermia.

Sex Differences in the Adipokine, Lipid, and Immune Profiles of Men and Women with Severe Carotid Atherosclerosis

Sex Differences in the Adipokine, Lipid, and Immune Profiles of Men and Women with Severe Carotid Atherosclerosis

Sport Performance Profile in Men`s European Modern Handball: Discriminant Analysis between Winners and Losers

Research background and hypothesis. Europeans have won Olympic and world gold medals since modern indoor men’s handball became an international sport (1938) and an Olympic sport (1972) (www. ihf.com). Nevertheless, no research has been carried out in order to find out the tendencies in European modern men’s handball. Research aim of this study was to illustrate discriminant indicators of sport performance between winners and losers in European men’s modern handball match activities. Research methods. Data sets were gathered from the European Handball Federation (EHF) website (http://www.eurohandball.com) covering the five European Men’s Handball Championships (EMHC): 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010 (n = 239 matches). Each match was classified as successful and non-successful for each team, and then the number of analysed matches doubled to 478. We examined 28 variables of sport performance, but only 15 key indicators where significant discriminant between winners and losers at least in one EMHC was shown. Research results. Winners scored more goals (p < 0.01, p < 0.001), were better in total attack (p < 0.001) and positional attack (p < 0.01, p < 0.001), performed more efficiently in shooting total (p < 0.001) and shooting from long distance (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), and goalkeepers saved more throws (p < 0.05, p < 0.001).Discussion and conclusions. Winning and losing teams played in the same pattern (p > 0.05). In many cases the separate match-play was determined by using temporal model of playing style. The phenomenon is that teams scored more goals in the second half than in the first one despite the fact that players’ activities decreased in the second half. Sport performance profile in European modern handball can generate a useful database.Keywords: sports games, performance analysis, elite athletes.

MP07-07 SERUM TESTOSTERONE PROFILES IN MEN ON TESTOSTERONE THERAPY AFTER BILATERAL ORCHIECTOMY

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfertility: Therapy II1 Apr 2018MP07-07 SERUM TESTOSTERONE PROFILES IN MEN ON TESTOSTERONE THERAPY AFTER BILATERAL ORCHIECTOMY Jose Torremade, Coskun Kagacan, Yanira Ortega, and John P Mulhall Jose TorremadeJose Torremade More articles by this author , Coskun KagacanCoskun Kagacan More articles by this author , Yanira OrtegaYanira Ortega More articles by this author , and John P MulhallJohn P Mulhall More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.3070AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES A low but well recognized incidence of bilateral testis cancer occurs. Such men, requiring bilateral orchiectomy, rely entirely on adrenal androgens, sustaining a testosterone (T) level not compatible with a healthy life and thus testosterone therapy (TT) is mandatory. The objective of this study was to define the outcomes of transdermal therapy in such men. METHODS Men who had undergone bilateral orchiectomy and presented for testosterone therapy were studied. All such patients received 200mg of intramuscular testosterone injection in the recovery room at the completion of their second orchiectomy prior to discharge. 2-4 weeks later they were commenced on transdermal TT at maximum dose. 2 weeks later they had a serum total testosterone (T) level checked. If less than 300 ng/dl switching to intramuscular (IM) TT was discussed with the patient. For those who opted to switch, 100mg IM testosterone cypionate was administered and was to be injected by the patient every 7 days. An attempt was made using multivariable analysis to find predictors of achievement of a total T level >300ng/dl on transdermal TT. RESULTS 47 patients were studied with a mean age of 26±11 (22-41) years. 4 had had synchronous, 43 metachronous bilateral orchiectomy. 19 of these men had been on transdermal TT between the 2 orchiectomies, all with good levels achieved. On transdermal TT, mean total T level was 246±196 (184-480 ng/dl), 20 men (42%) having levels above 300ng/dl. All 27 of the men failing to achieve a physiological T level opted to pursue IM T, as did 11/20 men who did achieve total T levels above 300. All 38 of these men achieved total T levels above 300 while injecting. On IM TT, mean total T was 711±140 (548-902) ng/dl. No predictors were found of achievement of physiological total T level on transdermal TT. CONCLUSIONS Many men who have undergone bilateral orchiectomy struggle to achieve physiological total T levels using transdermal testosterone administration. This information should be helpful to clinicians in their discussion with such patients. © 2018FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 199Issue 4SApril 2018Page: e90 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2018MetricsAuthor Information Jose Torremade More articles by this author Coskun Kagacan More articles by this author Yanira Ortega More articles by this author John P Mulhall More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Sociodemographic And Clinical Profile Of Men Assisted In A Psychiatric Detoxification Service In Natal, Rn, Brazil

Introduction: The male population has a high probability of abandoning treatment, avoidance of health services, great exposure to violence, mainly due to abusive use of alcohol and other drugs, and high crime rates also associated with this problem.
 Objective: To characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of men admitted to a Psychiatric Detoxification Hospital Unit for alcohol and drug abuse.
 Method: It is a cross-sectional and retrospective study, with data collection in 2015, with a temporal cut in patients´ records between 2008 and 2014, reaching a sample of 1,152 medical records. The data collection instrument was composed of a structured form. The data were analyzed in a descriptive way.
 Results: Regarding the age, the age group between 21 and 50 years old had 30.73% between six and ten days hospitalized, and 11.98% had readmissions. The main diagnoses for this disorders were linked to the use of opiates, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics.
 Conclusion: The profile of internal and assisted men was characterized such as adults of productive age, residents of the metropolitan area of the city, with long periods of hospitalization, generally with improved type discharge, low readmission and diagnoses of mental disorders related to the excessive use of alcohol and other drugs.

Different Phenotyping Approaches Lead to Dissimilar Biologic Profiles in Men With Chronic Fatigue After Radiation Therapy

ContextCancer-related fatigue (CRF) persists months after treatment completion. Although a CRF biomarker has not yet been identified, validated self-report questionnaires are used to define and phenotype CRF in the discovery of potential biomarkers. ObjectivesThe purposes of this study are to identify CRF subjects using three well-known CRF phenotyping approaches using validated self-report questionnaires and to compare the biologic profiles that are associated with each CRF phenotype. MethodsFatigue in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer receiving external beam radiation therapy was measured at baseline (T1), midpoint (T2), end point (T3), and one-year post–external beam radiation therapy (T4) using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Fatigue (FACT-F) and Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Fatigue. Chronic fatigue (CF) and nonfatigue subjects were grouped based on three commonly used phenotyping approaches: 1) T4 FACT-F <43; 2) T1–T4 decline in FACT-F score ≥3 points; 3) T4 Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Fatigue T-score >50. Differential gene expressions using whole-genome microarray analysis were compared in each of the phenotyping criterion. ResultsThe study enrolled 43 men, where 34%–38% had CF based on the three phenotyping approaches. Distinct gene expression patterns were observed between CF and nonfatigue subjects in each of the three CRF phenotyping approaches: 1) Approach 1 had the largest number of differentially expressed genes and 2) Approaches 2 and 3 had 40 and 21 differentially expressed genes between the fatigue groups, respectively. ConclusionThe variation in genetic profiles for CRF suggests that phenotypic profiling for CRF should be carefully considered because it directly influences biomarker discovery investigations.

Influence of H. pylori CagA Coupled with Alcohol Consumption on Cytokine Profiles in Men.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) coupled with chronic alcohol ingestion on cytokine profiles.A total of 215 male subjects were divided into the following 4 groups: 130 alcohol H pylori CagA-negative consumers (CagA−) (group A), 50 alcohol H pylori CagA-positive consumers (CagA+) (group B), 24 nonalcohol H pylori CagA-negative consumers (group C), and 11 nonalcohol H pylori CagA-positive consumers (group D). The serum CagA, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, E-selectin, adiponectin (ADP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).After adjusting for age and mean alcohol drinking history, a multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that the mean daily alcohol consumption, IL-6, TNF-α, and ADP levels were significantly increased with increases in the serum CagA concentrations (P = 0.008, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, and P = 0.006, respectively). The serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels of group A were significantly lower than those of group B (all P = 0.000). Furthermore, the serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels of groups A and C were significantly lower than those of group D (all P = 0.000), and the serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels of group C were significantly lower than those of group B (all P = 0.000). The serum ADP and E-selectin levels of groups B and D were significantly higher than those of group A (P = 0.000). The serum ADP levels of group B were significantly higher than those of group C (P = 0.000), and the serum ADP and E-selectin levels of group C were significantly lower than those of group D (P = 0.000 and P = 0.005, respectively). Finally, the serum TNF-α levels of groups B, C, and D were significantly higher than those of group A (all P = 0.000), and the serum TNF-α levels of group C were significantly higher than those of group D (P = 0.005).In conclusion, H pylori CagA may result in significantly higher levels of several inflammatory markers in both alcohol consumers and nonalcohol consumers. However, chronic alcohol ingestion coupled with H pylori CagA positivity does not result in significant changes in cytokine profiles.

The Effects of Resistance Exercise at Different Intensity on Blood Lipid Profiles in Men

The Effects of Resistance Exercise at Different Intensity on Blood Lipid Profiles in Men

HCT as a Point of Entry for HIV Prevention and Treatment - Profile of Men and Women Presenting at HCT Centers in Durban, South Africa

HCT as a Point of Entry for HIV Prevention and Treatment - Profile of Men and Women Presenting at HCT Centers in Durban, South Africa

Ejaculation Profiles of Men Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Ejaculation Profiles of Men Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Bone Marrow Biopsy: RNA Isolation with Expression Profiling in Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer—Factors Affecting Diagnostic Success

To determine the rate at which computed tomographically guided pelvic percutaneous bone biopsy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) yields adequate tissue for genomic profiling and to identify issues likely to affect diagnostic yields. This study was institutional review board approved, and written informed consent was obtained. In a phase II trial assessing response to everolimus, 31 men with mCRPC underwent 54 biopsy procedures (eight men before and 23 men both before and during treatment). Variables assessed were lesion location (iliac wing adjacent to sacroiliac joint, iliac wing anterior and/or superior to sacroiliac joint, sacrum, and remainder of pelvis), mean lesion attenuation, subjective lesion attenuation (purely sclerotic vs mixed), central versus peripheral lesion sampling, lesion size, core number, and use of zoledronic acid for more than 1 year. Of 54 biopsy procedures, 21 (39%) yielded adequate tissue for RNA isolation and genomic profiling. Three of four sacral biopsies were adequate. Biopsies of the ilium adjacent to the sacroiliac joints were more likely adequate than those from elsewhere in the ilium (48% vs 28%, respectively). All five biopsies performed in other pelvic locations yielded inadequate tissue for RNA isolation. Mean attenuation of lesions with inadequate tissue was 172 HU greater than those with adequate tissue (621.1 HU ± 166 vs 449 HU ± 221, respectively; P = .002). Use of zoledronic acid, peripheral sampling, core number, and lesion size affected yields, but the differences were not statistically significant. Histologic examination with hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that results of 36 (67%) biopsies were positive for cancer; only mean attenuation differences were significant (707 HU ± 144 vs 473 HU ± 191, negative vs positive, respectively; P < .001). In men with mCRPC, percutaneous sampling of osseous metastases for genomic profiling is possible, but use of zoledronic acid for more than 1 year may reduce the yield of adequate tissue for RNA isolation. Sampling large low-attenuating lesions at their periphery maximizes yield.

Differential Spermatozoal Protein Expression Profiles in Men With Varicocele Compared to Control Subjects: Upregulation of Heat Shock Proteins 70 and 90 in Varicocele

To identify candidate proteins with potential roles in varicocele. This case-control study recruited 20 patients with varicocele (grade II) and 20 age-matched healthy control subjects. Two-dimensional gel electrophoreses (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used to screen for and identify differentially expressed proteins in sperm samples from the 40 study subjects. A total of 15 proteins were repeatedly detected with significant differences in percent spot volume (P<.05) and were identified as proteins of interest. Of these, 4 showed significantly lower expression in the varicocele group compared to the control group, and 11 showed significantly higher expression in the varicocele group, including heat shock proteins (HSPs) 70 and 90. Significant upregulation of HSP 70 and HSP 90 in subjects with varicocele was further validated by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. These results suggest that increased expression of HSP 70 and HSP 90 may be associated with infertility in varicocele. Delineation of a potential subset of heat-related proteins specifically regulated in the context of varicocele may allow for the detailed elucidation of the mechanism underlying infertility in this condition.

1398 ORGASM PROFILES IN MEN ON ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY (ADT) FOR PROSTATE CANCER

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Function/Dysfunction/Andrology: Evaluation (II)1 Apr 20131398 ORGASM PROFILES IN MEN ON ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY (ADT) FOR PROSTATE CANCER Patrick Teloken, Clarisse R. Mazzola, and John P. Mulhall Patrick TelokenPatrick Teloken New York City, NY More articles by this author , Clarisse R. MazzolaClarisse R. Mazzola New York City, NY More articles by this author , and John P. MulhallJohn P. Mulhall New York City, NY More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.2752AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES ADT is a recognized management strategy for prostate cancer. ADT is associated with numerous sexual function sequelae, including erectile dysfunction and loss of libido. Little attention has been paid to orgasm function in such patients. This analysis evaluated orgasm profiles in these patients. METHODS All patients presenting to our sexual medicine clinic are interviewed in a comprehensive fashion regarding erection, ejaculation, orgasm, libido and penile morphology. To be included in the analysis, patients needed (i) to have residual libido (ii) to be sexually active (iii) to be seen within 6 months of commencing treatment. With regard to orgasm, questions were asked regarding its presence with partner of with self-stimulation, its nature, ease of achievement, associated pain or urinary leakage. Patient demographic and prostate cancer data were also recorded. RESULTS 112 men were included in the study with mean age = 68±11 years. 86% were partnered. All had pre-ADT orgasm with their partner. 102/112 had prior radical prostatectomy or prostate radiation. 89/102 were using ADT as a salvage therapy (PSA elevation), the remainder as adjuvant therapy for high risk disease. 72 were capable of sexual intercourse (68 on intracavernosal injections, 4 using a penile implant). Mean libido level = 5±3 (on 10 point scale). Mean sexual activity frequency = 1±1.2/month (0.5-4). 13/112 (12%) experienced orgasm on at least one occasion but with time all lost this ability. Mean time to complete loss of orgasm = 5±2.5 months on ADT, with 12% capable of orgasm within 6 months of starting ADT, 8% 6-12 months and none beyond that time-point. Of the 13 men with orgasm, all declared a significant reduction in orgasmic intensity and significant prolongation of intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT). 76 patients had IIEF question 10 data. Mean scores were 1.8±0.6 at ≤6 months on ADT, 0.9±0.6 at 6-12 months, and 0 after that. CONCLUSIONS ADT results in significant orgasm dysfunction with loss of orgasmic capability in all patients with time and reduced intensity and increased IELT in all. Patients undergoing ADT should be counseled regarding changes in orgasm. © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 4SApril 2013Page: e572 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Patrick Teloken New York City, NY More articles by this author Clarisse R. Mazzola New York City, NY More articles by this author John P. Mulhall New York City, NY More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Study of Sperm Protein Profile in Men With and Without Varicocele Using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

To compare the sperm protein profile between men with and without varicocele. The present study was designed as a case-control study. The research patients were recruited from the Infertility Unit of the Royan Institute in 2009. We included 20 sperm samples from normozoospermic men without varicocele (control group) and 20 sperm samples from oligozoospermic patients with varicocele, grade 3 (varicocele group) in the present study. The sperm protein profile in the 2 groups was characterized using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Differences in protein expression were established using gel analysis software, and protein identification was performed using mass spectroscopy analysis. In the varicocele group, we noted 15 consistent differences in protein expression (1, spots missing; 12, less abundant; and 2, more abundant) compared with the control group (P < .01). The findings revealed that heat shock proteins, mitochondrial proteins, and cytoskeleton proteins are the proteins mainly affected by varicocele disease. To our knowledge, the present study is a novel study, with few studies describing the correlation between sperm protein in men with and without varicocele obtained using a 2-dimensional proteomic approach. It could be an important prerequisite to the development of diagnostic tests to predict varicocelectomy outcomes in patients with varicocele and abnormal findings on a spermogram in the clinical environment.

Evoked Resistance Training Improves Metabolic Profile in Men with Spinal Cord Injury

Evoked Resistance Training Improves Metabolic Profile in Men with Spinal Cord Injury

Effects of age, gender and physical activity on plasma lipid profile

Effects of age, gender and physical activity on plasma lipid profile Study aim: To assess the effects of gender, age and engagement in physical activities of elderly subjects on their plasma lipid profiles. Material and methods: Four groups of subjects, n = 11 each, participated in the study: young men (YM) and women (YW), aged 25 - 32 years, and sedentary, elderly men (EM) and women (EW), aged 58 - 66 years; additionally, a group of 7 women (AW), aged 60 - 65 years, who trained twice weekly (45-min sessions) for 8 months, was studied. The following concentrations of lipids in plasma were recorded: triacylglycerols (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions: HDLC and LDLC (computed), as well as the TC/HDLC ratio. Results: Lipid profiles were, generally, less favourable in elderly than in younger subjects, high HDLC values noted in active, elderly women being an exception. In elderly subjects, men's profiles were closer to those of younger subjects than in elderly women and differed significantly (p&lt;0.001) lower for TC and LDLC compared with EW group. Triacylglycerols were within normal limits in all groups except EW; LDLC values were mostly abnormally high, the percentages of subjects having normal values ranging from 0 (YM and EW) to 27% (YW). Conclusions: The age-dependent worsening of lipid profiles increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases in sedentary elderly subjects. On the other hand, the beneficial effects of motor activities on lipid profile observed in elderly women evidence the indispensability recommending of physical exercises to the elderly.

American Heroes: Profiles of Men and Women Who Shaped Early America

Book Review| April 01 2010 American Heroes: Profiles of Men and Women Who Shaped Early America American Heroes: Profiles of Men and Women Who Shaped Early America, EDMUND S. MORGAN. ROBERT J. IMHOLT ROBERT J. IMHOLT Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Connecticut History Review (2010) 49 (1): 144–146. https://doi.org/10.2307/44370355 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation ROBERT J. IMHOLT; American Heroes: Profiles of Men and Women Who Shaped Early America. Connecticut History Review 1 January 2010; 49 (1): 144–146. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/44370355 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressConnecticut History Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Stress Induced Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Responses and Disturbances in Psychological Profiles in Men With Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Chronic pelvic pain in men has a strong relationship with biopsychosocial stress and central nervous system sensitization may incite or perpetuate the pain syndrome. We evaluated patients and asymptomatic controls for psychological factors and neuroendocrine reactivity under provoked acute stress conditions. Men with pain (60) and asymptomatic controls (30) completed psychological questionnaires including the Perceived Stress, Beck Anxiety, Type A behavior and Brief Symptom Inventory for distress from symptoms. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function was measured during the Trier Social Stress Test with serum adrenocorticotropin hormone and cortisol reactivity at precise times, before and during acute stress, which consisted of a speech and mental arithmetic task in front of an audience. The Positive and Negative Affective Scale measured the state of emotions. Patients with chronic pelvic pain had significantly more anxiety, perceived stress and a higher profile of global distress in all Brief Symptom Inventory domains (p <0.001), scoring in the 94th vs the 49th percentile for controls (normal population). Patients showed a significantly blunted plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone response curve with a mean total response approximately 30% less vs controls (p = 0.038) but no differences in any cortisol responses. Patients with pelvic pain had less emotional negativity after the test than controls, suggesting differences in cognitive appraisal. Men with pelvic pain have significant disturbances in psychological profiles compared to healthy controls and evidence of altered hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis function in response to acute stress. These central nervous system observations may be a consequence of neuropsychological adjustments to chronic pain and modulated by personality.

The survey of preference between Korean and Korean American

The purpose of this study was to survey a preference to the esthetic profile between Korean women and Korean American women. The interviewee were consisted of 30 Korean women and 30 Korean American women respectively. The survey has been done by using questionnaire. Altered facial profile of each normal male and female was got by moving maxilla, mandible to the front and back to survey the preference among the various profile. Then results were analyzed by SPSS program. The results were as follows, 1. In Korean women, in choosing the men's profile, 9 people out of 30, picked the standard profile as a most preferred profile, and bimaxillary retrusion and bimaxillary protrusion profile were followed by 6 people and 5people respectively. 2. In Korean American women, in choosing the men's profile, the 18 people out of 30, pick the bimaxillary retruded profile as a most preferred profile, and the standard profile were followed. 3. In Korean women, in choosing the women's profile, 18 people out of 30, picked the bimaxillary retruded profile as a most beautiful profile, and standard profile were followed by having 10people's voting. 4. In Korean American women, in choosing the women's profile, the 14 people out of 30, chose the bimaxillary retruded profile as a best one and the standard profile were followed by 12 people's voting. The preference of men's profile was significantly different between two groups (p&lt;0.05) but the both group picked the bimaxillary retruded profile as a most beautiful when they choose the women's profile and then there was no statistical difference between the groups.