Profile Of Mood States Fatigue Research Articles

Mood, Cognitive Function, and Plasma Kynurenine Metabolites Responses Following Severe Changes in Physical Activity.

To monitor changes in mood, cognitive function, brain electrical activity, and circulating kynurenine pathway metabolites in response to a 3-wk severe physical activity (PA) restriction, followed by 3 wk of resumed activity adding resistance and high-intensity interval exercise training. Twenty healthy participants (14 males, 6 females; 25.4 ± 5.2 yr) underwent 3 wk of limited PA using forearm crutches with one leg suspended (INACT) and then 3 wk of resumed activity plus supervised resistance and high-intensity interval training sessions (ACT, three to six sessions per week). At baseline, after INACT, and then after ACT, venous blood was sampled for analysis of major kynurenine pathway metabolites, a short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaires were completed, and cognitive tests with electroencephalography were performed. During INACT, the depression score on the HADS scale tended to increase (3.5 to 6.8; P = 0.065), whereas it was reduced with ACT compared with after INACT (2.8; P = 0.022). On the POMS scale, depression, fatigue, and confusion increased within INACT ( P < 0.05). Notably, subjects exhibited considerable variability, and those experiencing depression symptoms recorded by the HADS scale ( n = 4) displayed distinct mood disturbances on POMS. All HADS and POMS scores were fully restored to baseline with ACT. Neither INACT nor ACT induced significant changes in cognition, brain electrical activity, or kynurenine pathway metabolites ( P > 0.05). Although young healthy individuals with 3 wk of severely restricted PA do not undergo changes in circulating kynurenine pathway metabolites, cognitive performance, and brain electrical activity, their mood response is quite variable, and depression develops in some. Three weeks of resuming mobility plus exercise training reversed the mood profile.

Acute and Repeated Ashwagandha Supplementation Improves Markers of Cognitive Function and Mood.

Ashwagandha has been reported to reduce stress and attenuate cognitive decline associated with inflammation and neurodegeneration in clinical populations. However, the effects as a potential nootropic nutrient in younger populations are unclear. This study examined the effects of liposomal ashwagandha supplementation on cognitive function, mood, and markers of health and safety in healthy young men and women. 59 men and women (22.7 ± 7 yrs., 74.9 ± 16 kg, 26.2 ± 5 BMI) fasted for 12 h, donated a fasting blood sample, and were administered the COMPASS cognitive function test battery (Word Recall, Word recognition, Choice Reaction Time Task, Picture Recognition, Digit Vigilance Task, Corsi Block test, Stroop test) and profile of mood states (POMS). In a randomized and double-blind manner, participants were administered 225 mg of a placebo (Gum Arabic) or ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root and leaf extract coated with a liposomal covering. After 60-min, participants repeated cognitive assessments. Participants continued supplementation (225 mg/d) for 30 days and then returned to the lab to repeat the experiment. Data were analyzed using a general linear model (GLM) univariate analysis with repeated measures and pairwise comparisons of mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Ashwagandha supplementation improved acute and/or 30-day measures of Word Recall (correct and recalled attempts), Choice Reaction Time (targets identified), Picture Recognition ("yes" correct responses, correct and overall reaction time), Digit Vigilance (correct reaction time), Stroop Color-Word (congruent words identified, reaction time), and POMS (tension and fatigue) from baseline more consistently with several differences observed between groups. Results support contentions that ashwagandha supplementation (225 mg) may improve some measures of memory, attention, vigilance, attention, and executive function while decreasing perceptions of tension and fatigue in younger healthy individuals. Retrospectively registered clinical trial ISRCTN58680760.

Whey Protein Isolate Supplementation Effects on Cortisol Awakening Response, Profile of Mood States, and Heart Rate Variability

INTRODUCTION: Decreases in heart rate variability (HRV), disruptions in cortisol awakening response (CAR), and changes in Profile of Mood States (POMS), have been associated with fatigue and strenuous physical exercise. Whey protein isolate can affect stress responses. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of whey protein isolate supplementation on CAR, POMS, and HRV after strenuous exercise. Methods: Eleven recreationally active women (19 ± 2 yrs) completed a double blinded, crossover trial. Placebo was maltodextrin (PL), intervention was 25 g of maltodextrin and 25 g of whey protein isolate (WH). Exercise was 30 min at 70-75% VO2peak (21.7 ± 0.1 ml/kg/min), 5 min rest, and 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). HRV and POMS were recorded. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to determine differences (p &lt; 0.05) in salivary cortisol AUCg, POMS, HRV, and WAnT fatigue index (FI). Pearson correlation and multiple regression determined associations between CAR, POMS, and HRV to FI. Results: Cortisol AUC were significantly different (p = 0.033) between PL (33.4 ± 2.0 μg*hr/dL) and WH (30.9 ± 0.8 μg*hr/dL), with no significant differences in POMS, HRV, or FI (p &gt; 0.05). Significant Pearson correlation on Day 3 during the PL, between POMS and FI (r = -.582, p = 0.030). Neither CAR, POMS, nor HRV was able to predict FI (all p &gt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Whey protein isolate may decrease CAR, but may have no effect on POMS, HRV, or FI, and no effect on short-duration sprint cycling performance, and or reduction in central fatigue may be minimal. No supporting funding. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Recipe for fatigue: sleep, work patterns, and well-being of galley workers on surface ships of the US Navy.

The purpose of the study was to compare the fatigue levels, work/rest patterns, health-related behaviors, and well-being of galley workers with other sailors on US Navy ships while underway. Analysis was based on a retrospective comparison of data from 3 fit-for-duty groups of sailors: 67 galley workers, 192 non-watchstanders, and 466 watchstanders. Participants completed questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], and Profile of Mood States [POMS]) and activity logs, and wore actigraphs. Galley workers slept MD = 6.57 (IQR = 1.42) h/d and worked MD = 12.8 (IQR = 2.42) h/d. Approximately 84% of the galley workers were classified as poor sleepers, ~57% reported having excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and ~38% reported elevated insomnia symptoms. Compared to non-watchstanders, galley workers had worse scores on POMS (total mood disturbance, tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue, and confusion-bewilderment), ESS, ISI, and PSQI. Compared to non-watchstanders, galley workers had a higher risk for symptoms of EDS (75%), symptoms of clinically relevant insomnia (126%), and for being classified as poor sleepers (27%). Galley workers slept less and worked on average 2h/d more than non-watchstanders. Compared to watchstanders, galley workers had worse ESS, ISI, and anger-hostility scores. More watchstanders napped compared to galley workers. Although they are considered day workers, the sleep patterns, fatigue levels, and mood of galley workers are comparable to, or worse than, watchstanders or other non-watchstanders. To ameliorate the effects of long work hours on sailor well-being, ship leadership should consider adopting strategies to improve galley workers' well-being.

The Effects of Acute Online Yoga for Anxiety and Mood States: A Pilot Study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects that an acute bout of online yoga has on anxiety. The secondary purpose was to compare the anxiolytic effects of this study to the effect size reported for the effects of acute in-person yoga (1). METHODS: Eligible participants were randomly assigned to a 30-minute, prerecorded Zoom session of either yoga practice or yoga information. Prior to and following completing the recording, participants completed an online survey assessing anxiety and mood. An effect size (SMD) was calculated and compared to the effect size reported in a meta-analysis (1). RESULTS: Statistically significant group X time interactions were found for anxiety outcomes (intensity, frequency, total) (p&lt;.026) and for POMS tension, fatigue, depression, esteem-related, vigor, and total mood disturbance scores, p&lt;.041. Yoga participants reported a greater reduction in total anxiety and total mood disturbance scores compared to information participants. The SMD anxiety scores in this study was .54 (95% CI, .051-1.034), which is comparable to the effect size previously reported (1) which was .55 (95% CI, .29-.79). CONCLUSION: Acute online yoga was found to reduce anxiety. When compared to in person yoga, online yoga appears to have similar anxiolytic effects.

0283 Neurobehavioral Resilience and Vulnerability to Sleep Loss Differs Between Objective and Self-Rated Metrics Regardless of Categorization Method Utilized

Abstract Introduction Trait-like individual differences in neurobehavioral responses to sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) are robust and phenotypic. We investigated whether the concordance between multiple approaches for defining differential vulnerability depends on the methods and metrics utilized for categorization, including comparisons between objective and self-rated metrics. Trait-like individual differences in neurobehavioral responses to sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) are robust and phenotypic. We investigated whether the concordance between multiple approaches for defining differential vulnerability depends on the methods and metrics utilized for categorization, including comparisons between objective and self-rated metrics. Methods Forty-one adults (33.9±8.9y; 18 females) participated in a 13-day experiment (two baseline nights [10h-12h time-in-bed, TIB], 5 SR nights [4h TIB], 4 recovery nights [12h TIB], and 36h TSD). The 10-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Digit Span Task (DS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), Profile of Mood States Fatigue (POMS-F) and Vigor (POMS-V) were administered every 2h during wakefulness. Three approaches (Raw Score [average SR score], Change from Baseline [average SR minus average baseline score], and Variance [intraindividual SR score variance]), and six thresholds (±1 standard deviation, and the best and worst performing 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, and 50%) categorized Resilient and Vulnerable groups. Kendall’s tau-b correlations assessed the group categorization’s concordance between pairings of PVT lapses (reaction time [RT]&amp;gt;500ms), PVT mean response speed (1/RT), DSST number correct, DS total number correct, KSS score, POMS-F score, and POMS-V score (tau-b=0.0: zero; 0.1: weak; 0.4: moderate; 0.70: strong; 1.0: perfect). Results Generally, tau-b correlations comparing Resilient and Vulnerable categorizations between two objective metrics (i.e., PVT, DSST, DS) revealed weak to moderate significant relationships (tau-b=0.29-0.53, p&amp;lt;0.001-0.049) between at least two of the approaches at most thresholds. However, comparisons between one objective (i.e., PVT, DSST, DS) and one self-rated metric (i.e., KSS, POMS) revealed a general lack of significant relationships (tau-b=-0.25-0.28, p=0.052-1.00), regardless of approach or threshold. Conclusion Comparisons between two objective metrics revealed significantly concordant Resilient and Vulnerable categorizations, whereas categorizations were generally not significantly correlated between one objective and one subjective metric, regardless of the method utilized. Our findings support and extend previous assertions that SR differentially impacts objective and subjective neurobehavioral domains and have important implications when assessing resilience and vulnerability to sleep loss in both laboratory and applied settings. Support (If Any) ONR Award No. N00014-11-1-0361; NIH UL1TR000003; NASA NNX14AN49G and 80NSSC20K0243; NIH R01DK117488

Health-related benefits and adverse events associated with yoga classes among participants that are healthy, in poor health, or with chronic diseases

BackgroundOur previous study demonstrated that 42% of yoga class participants in Japan had chronic diseases requiring medication. This raises the question as to whether those with chronic diseases would benefit from practicing yoga or if they are at higher risk for specific adverse events compared to healthy individuals receiving the same instruction.MethodsTo address these questions, 328 adults who started practicing yoga for the first time were asked to complete the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 8, standard version (SF-8™) and to record any adverse events on the first day of the yoga class and again three months later. The participants consisted of three groups: a healthy (H) group (n = 70), a poor health (PH) group (n = 117), and a chronic disease (CD) group (n = 141). The degree of subjective symptoms was also compared between the pre- and post-intervention period in the PH and CD groups.ResultsTypically, yoga classes were held once a week for 60–90 min. The programs included asanas, pranayamas, meditation, isometric yoga, and sukshma vyayama. In the PH and CD groups, the POMS tension-anxiety and fatigue scores decreased and the vigor score increased significantly after the first class. Furthermore, PSS scores decreased and the SF-8™ scores increased significantly three months later. The degree of subjective symptoms such as easy fatigability, shoulder stiffness, and insomnia also decreased over three months. Individuals in these groups experienced more frequent adverse events than those in the H group. The PH and CD groups also experienced a greater variety of symptoms, including psychological ones, not reported by the H group. Adverse events were not so serious that participants stopped practicing yoga during the class. About 60% of all participants were highly satisfied with participating in yoga classes.ConclusionsIf yoga classes are conducted with attention to possible adverse events, yoga practice in a yoga studio may have beneficial effects for people with functional somatic symptoms and chronic diseases, as well as healthy participants. These benefits include reductions in perceived stress and uncomfortable symptoms as well as improved mood and quality of life.

Raw scores on subjective sleepiness, fatigue, and vigor metrics consistently define resilience and vulnerability to sleep loss.

Although trait-like individual differences in subjective responses to sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) exist, reliable characterizations remain elusive. We comprehensively compared multiple methods for defining resilience and vulnerability by subjective metrics. A total of 41 adults participated in a 13-day experiment: 2 baseline, 5 SR, 4 recovery, and one 36 h TSD night. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and the Profile of Mood States Fatigue (POMS-F) and Vigor (POMS-V) were administered every 2 h. Three approaches (Raw Score [average SR score], Change from Baseline [average SR minus average baseline score], and Variance [intraindividual SR score variance]), and six thresholds (±1 standard deviation, and the highest/lowest scoring 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, and 50%) categorized Resilient/Vulnerable groups. Kendall's tau-b correlations compared the group categorization's concordance within and between KSS, POMS-F, and POMS-V scores. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped t-tests compared group scores. There were significant correlations between all approaches at all thresholds for POMS-F, between Raw Score and Change from Baseline approaches for KSS, and between Raw Score and Variance approaches for POMS-V. All Resilient groups defined by the Raw Score approach had significantly better scores throughout the study, notably including during baseline and recovery, whereas the two other approaches differed by measure, threshold, or day. Between-measure correlations varied in strength by measure, approach, or threshold. Only the Raw Score approach consistently distinguished Resilient/Vulnerable groups at baseline, during sleep loss, and during recovery‒‒we recommend this approach as an effective method for subjective resilience/vulnerability categorization. All approaches created comparable categorizations for fatigue, some were comparable for sleepiness, and none were comparable for vigor. Fatigue and vigor captured resilience/vulnerability similarly to sleepiness but not each other.

117 Comparison of Various Methods to Differentiate Resilience and Vulnerability to Sleep Loss Using Self-Rated Measures

Abstract Introduction There are robust, trait-like individual differences in subjective perceptions in response to sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD). How to best define neurobehavioral resilience and vulnerability to sleep loss remains an open question. We compared multiple approaches and cutoff thresholds for defining resilience and vulnerability using scores on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and the Profile of Mood States Fatigue and Vigor (POMS-F and POMS-V) subscales. Methods Forty-one adults (33.9±8.9y;18 females) participated in a 13-night experiment (two baseline nights [10h-12h time in bed, TIB], 5 SR nights [4h TIB], 4 recovery nights [12h TIB], and 36h TSD). The KSS, POMS-F, and POMS-V were administered every 2h during wakefulness. Resilience and vulnerability were defined by the following: average score during SR1-5, average change from baseline to SR1-5, and variance during SR1-5. Resilient and vulnerable groups were defined by the following cutoffs: the top and bottom 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, 50%, and +/-1 standard deviation. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped t-tests compared the scores of resilient and vulnerable groups during baseline and across SR1-5. Kendall’s tau correlations compared the ranking of individuals in each group (tau=0.4:moderate,0.7:strong). Results Resilient and vulnerable groups for POMS-F, as defined by all three approaches, significantly differed in their scores at all cutoffs during SR. However, only raw score and change from baseline approaches defined significantly different resilient and vulnerable groups during SR for KSS, and only raw score and variance approaches defined significantly different groups during SR for POMS-V. Notably, raw scores at baseline significantly differed between resilient and vulnerable groups for all measures. Correlations revealed moderate to strong associations between all three approaches at all cutoffs for POMS-F, between raw score and change from baseline approaches for KSS, and between raw score and variance approaches for POMS-V. Conclusion Defining resilience and vulnerability on self-rated measures by change from baseline was comparable to using raw score for KSS and POMS-F, whereas defining these groups by variance was comparable for POMS-F and POMS-V. Differences across methods may be due to the differential impact of SR on these various distinct subjective states. Support (if any) ONR Award No. N00014-11-1-0361;NIH UL1TR000003;NASA NNX14AN49G and 80NSSC20K0243;NIH R01DK117488

118 Relationships Between Perceptions of Subjective States Differ by Sleep Loss and During Recovery in Healthy Adults

Abstract Introduction The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and the Profile of Mood States Fatigue and Vigor subscales (POMS-F and POMS-V) are commonly used to assess subjective sleepiness, fatigue and vigor in response to sleep loss. However, the detailed time course of relationships between these measures across sleep loss and recovery remains unknown yet is critical for assessing varying changes in perception of subjective states. Repeated measures correlation (rmcorr) examined within-individual association between the measures throughout a highly controlled sleep deprivation study. Methods Forty-one healthy adults (ages 21-49; mean±SD, 33.9±8.9y; 18 females) participated in a 13-night experiment consisting of two baseline nights (10h-12h time-in-bed, TIB) followed by 5 sleep restriction (SR) nights (4h TIB), 4 recovery nights (12h TIB), and 36h total sleep deprivation (TSD). A neurobehavioral test battery, including the KSS, POMS-F, and POMS-V, was administered every 2h during wakefulness. Rmcorr compared KSS, POMS-F, and POMS-V scores by examining correlations by study day (e.g., Baseline day 2) and by time point (e.g., 1000h-2000h). Rmcorr cutoffs were as follows: r=0.1:small, 0.3:moderate, 0.5:large. Results KSS and POMS-F maintained positive correlations throughout the study, whereas POMS-F and POMS-V and KSS and POMS-V were inversely correlated. All correlations were significant except those for POMS-F and POMS-V across recovery day 1 and KSS and POMS-F across recovery day 4. All measure pairs showed moderate to large correlations across baseline and SR1-5, but only small to moderate correlations across recovery. KSS and POMS-F and KSS and POMS-V showed moderate to large correlations across TSD; however, POMS-F and POMS-V only showed a small correlation. All three pairs showed consistent moderate (POMS-F and POMS-V) or large (KSS and POMS-F, KSS and POMS-V [moderate at 2000h]) correlations when analyzed by time point across the study. Conclusion Overall, the strength of relationships between KSS, POMS-F, and POMS-V scores varied as a function of type of sleep loss (SR or TSD) and by fully rested states, but not by time of day. This demonstrates the importance of determining perceptions of sleepiness, fatigue, and vigor in relation to each other, especially during recovery for all three constructs. Support (if any) ONR Award No. N00014-11-1-0361; NIH UL1TR000003;NASA NNX14AN49G and 80NSSC20K0243;NIH R01DK117488

Psychological well-being and illness perceptions in patients with hypopituitarism

ObjectiveThe primary aim of the current study was to objectify a spectrum of persisting subjective psychological complaints in patients with hypopituitarism, at least six months after normalizing of the hormonal disturbances. Also, gender differences on these outcomes were investigated. The secondary aim was to identify illness perceptions and causal attributions within this patient group.MethodsA total of 42 adult participants (60% females) with treated hypopituitarism once filled out a number of psychological questionnaires. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) assessed mood and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) assessed well-being. Illness perceptions were identified using the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Brief Dutch Language Version (IPQ-B DLV) and causal attributions by using the Causal Attribution List (CAL). Patient outcomes were compared to reference values of healthy norm groups.ResultsParticipants scored significantly worse on the POMS depression, anger, fatigue and tension subscales, the SCL-90 psychoneuroticism, depression, inadequacy of thinking and acting and sleeping problems subscales and all subscales of the WSAS when compared to reference data. Women also scored worse on depression (HADS) and somatic symptoms (SCL-90). Compared to other illnesses, patients with hypopituitarism have more negative and realistic illness perceptions on consequences, timeline, identity and emotions. Participants attributed their complaints more to physical causes than psychological causes.ConclusionDespite normalization of hormonal disturbances, patients with hypopituitarism in general can still experience problems during daily living, such as negative mood states and a decreased psychological well-being.

Effects of exercise training on autonomic modulation and mood symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

We evaluated the effects of exercise training (ET) on the profile of mood states (POMS), heart rate variability, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and sleep disturbance severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty-four patients were randomized into 2 groups, 18 patients completed the untrained period and 16 patients completed the exercise training (ET). Beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure were simultaneously collected for 5 min at rest. Heart rate variability (RR interval) was assessed in time domain and frequency domain (FFT spectral analysis). BRS was analyzed with the sequence method, and POMS was analyzed across the 6 categories (tension, depression, hostility, vigor, fatigue, and confusion). ET consisted of 3 weekly sessions of aerobic exercise, local strengthening, and stretching exercises (72 sessions, achieved in 40±3.9 weeks). Baseline parameters were similar between groups. The comparisons between groups showed that the changes in apnea-hypopnea index, arousal index, and O2 desaturation in the exercise group were significantly greater than in the untrained group (P<0.05). The heart rate variability and BRS were significantly higher in the exercise group compared with the untrained group (P<0.05). ET increased peak oxygen uptake (P<0.05) and reduced POMS fatigue (P<0.05). A positive correlation (r=0.60, P<0.02) occurred between changes in the fatigue item and OSA severity. ET improved heart rate variability, BRS, fatigue, and sleep parameters in patients with OSA. These effects were associated with improved sleep parameters, fatigue, and cardiac autonomic modulation, with ET being a possible protective factor against the deleterious effects of hypoxia on these components in patients with OSA.

Cannabidiol normalizes resting-state functional connectivity in treatment-resistant epilepsy

ObjectiveResting-state (rs) network dysfunction is a contributing factor to treatment resistance in epilepsy. In treatment-resistant epilepsy (TRE), pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies have been shown to improve such dysfunction. In this study, our goal was to prospectively evaluate the effect of highly purified plant-derived cannabidiol (CBD; Epidiolex®) on rs functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity (rs-FC). We hypothesized that CBD would change and potentially normalize the rs-FC in TRE. MethodsTwenty-two of 27 participants with TRE completed all study procedures including longitudinal pre-/on-CBD rs-fMRI (8M/14F, mean age = 36.2 ± 15.9 years, TRE duration = 18.3 ± 12.6 years); there were no differences in age (p = 0.99) or sex (p = 0.15) between groups. Assessments collected included seizure frequency (SF), Chalfont Seizure Severity Scale (CSSS), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Adverse Events Profile (AEP), and Profile of Mood States (POMS). Twenty-three healthy controls (HCs) received rs-fMRI and POMS once. ResultsParticipants with TRE showed average decrease of 71.7% in SF (p < 0.0001) and improved CSSS, AEP, and POMS confusion, depression, and fatigue subscores (all p < 0.05) on-CBD with POMS scores becoming similar to those of HCs. Paired t-tests showed significant pre-/on-CBD changes in rs-FC in cerebellum, frontal areas, temporal areas, hippocampus, and amygdala with some of them correlating with improvement in behavioral measures. Significant differences in rs-FC between pre-CBD and HCs were found in cerebellum, frontal, and occipital regions. After controlling for changes in SF with CBD, these differences were no longer present when comparing on-CBD to HCs. SignificanceThis study indicates that highly purified CBD modulates and potentially normalizes rs-FC in the epileptic brain. This effect may underlie its efficacy. This study provides Class III evidence for CBD's normalizing effect on rs-FC in TRE.

0291 Recovery Sleep Alleviates Mood Disturbance Following Chronic Sleep Restriction, Albeit Transiently and in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Abstract Introduction Fatigue is one contributor to mood disturbance observed following sleep restriction; however, the contribution of other factors remains unclear. This study examined contributions to mood disturbance resulting from sleep restriction beyond that of fatigue, evaluated the benefit of recovery sleep, and assessed whether recovery sleep buffered the re-emergence of mood disturbance upon re-exposure to sleep restriction. Methods N=223 healthy participants (48% female; n=108) approximately 30-years-old (SD=6.89, range=22–45 years) completed two baseline nights of 8h time in bed (TIB), followed by five nights of 4h TIB, and were then then randomized to one of 7 sleep recovery opportunities (i.e., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 hours TIB). Following the sleep period, a subset of participants (n=72) were re-exposed to five consecutive nights of 4h TIB. The profile of mood states (POMS) was completed every 2h during wakefulness and daily averages were calculated. The POMS total mood disturbance (TMD) score without the fatigue subscale (i.e., mood disturbance = TMD - fatigue) was the primary outcome to isolate changes in mood disturbance beyond fatigue. Individual growth curve models were applied to the trajectory of mood disturbance. General linear models were used to evaluate the dose-response function of mood disturbance after recovery sleep. Results Mood disturbance (absent the POMS fatigue scale) increased with each day of sleep restriction (β=1.550 per day; P&amp;lt;0.0001), and decreased with longer recovery sleep durations in a dose-dependent manner (β=-1.614 for every 2h increase; P&amp;lt;0.0001). The benefits of recovery sleep were abated by the second night of 4h sleep during re-exposure, where mood disturbance was slightly higher than that observed before recovery, but this difference was not statistically significant (β=0.046; P=0.85). Conclusion The study findings suggest that fatigue is not the only contributor to mood disturbance following sleep restriction. Recovery sleep attenuates mood disturbance in a dose-dependent manner, albeit transiently. Candidate pathways linking sleep restriction and mood include the immune system and the dynamics of sleep physiology. Support This work was funded by National Institute of Health NIH R01NR004281 and National Space and Biomedical Research Institute NSRBI NCC 5–98.

Curcumin improves hippocampal function in healthy older adults: a three month randomised controlled trial

AbstractThe flavonoid curcumin is believed to be responsible for the purported health benefits of turmeric. Like other flavonoids, curcumin affects several systemic and central processes involved in neurocognitive aging. We have previously shown that one month administration of a highly bioavailable curcumin extract (Longvida™) improved working memory and reduced fatigue and workload stress in an older, cognitively intact cohort(1). This study focused on the effects of the same extract, focusing on memory tasks subserved by the hippocampus, one of two areas of the adult brain believed to be capable of adult neurogenesis.Eighty healthy older participants (aged 50–80 years, mean = 68.1, ± SD 6.34) took part in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groups trial. Volunteers were randomised to receive administration of 400 mg daily Longvida™ (containing 80 mg curcumin) or a matching placebo. Assessment took place at baseline and 4 and 12 weeks thereafter. Outcomes included two tasks evaluating memory processes relevant to hippocampal function. These were i) a human analogue of the widely used rodent Morris Water Maze - the virtual Morris Water Maze (vMWM) and ii) a Mnemonic Similarity task evaluating pattern separation. Measures of mood, cardiovascular function and other blood biomarkers were collected, and a subset of the cohort underwent neuroimaging using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Compared with placebo, there were a number of improvements in the curcumin group. The curcumin group had significantly better performance at 12 weeks on the virtual Morris Water Maze (p = .019). Curcumin was also associated with better performance on a pattern separation task (p = .025). Curcumin was also associated with number of significantly benefits to mood, including, from the Profile of Mood States (POMS), including, at 28 days only, total mood disturbance (p = .006), tension-anxiety (p = .028), confusion-bewilderment (p = .019), anger-Hostility (p = .009). There were also significant benefits to the POMS fatigue scores at both assessments (p ≤ .011). There were no group differences in biomarker levels.These results confirm that Longvida™ curcumin improves aspects of mood and working memory in a healthy older cohort. The pattern of results is consistent with improvements in hippocampal function and may hold promise for alleviating cognitive decline in populations at risk of pathological cognitive decline.

Effects of Caffeine and Menstrual Phase on Performance of Female Athletes during Heat Stress

The effects of menstrual phase on athletic performance are controversial, but commonly ascribed to temperature‐related impairments in physical and cognitive performances. Caffeine stimulates the CNS to enhance endurance performance, and while effects persist for men exercising in the heat, little work has been done with women. Moreover, many female athletes use oral contraceptive steroids (OCS) to regulate their menstrual cycles, which may pronounce the effects of caffeine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of menstrual phase and caffeine supplementation on physical and cognitive performances of women exercising in the heat. Six recreationally active female subjects (20.3 ± 1.6 yr, 1.67 ± 0.05 m, 69.3 ± 5.5 kg, 49.8 ± 3.3 ml·kg−1·min−1) concurrently taking monophasic OCS volunteered for this study. Each subject completed four trials: in the early follicular (EF, days 3–5) and midfollicuar (MF, days 19–21) phases of the menstrual cycle, after administration of either a placebo (P, corn starch) or caffeine (C, 5.5 mg/kg). Placebo and caffeine were administered in 355 mL “diet” cranberry drink (0 kcal), 1 hour prior to performing a self‐paced 5km time trial (TT) in the heat (29.6 ± 0.1°C, 55.8 ± 1.5 % relative humidity). Heart rate was recorded continuously and RPE was collected at 1‐km intervals. Oral temperature, Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaires and 2 tests of reaction and cognition (FitLight) were performed immediately prior to and following exercise. Time trial performance was improved in the EF‐C trial vs. EF‐P, ML‐C and ML‐P (1883 ± 203 vs. 1918 ± 224, 1898 ± 196, 1907 ± 205 seconds). Oral temperature tended to be elevated post‐TT in EF‐C vs. all other trials (37.4 vs. ~37.0 °C), while HR AUC tended to be decreased in the EF trials (5404 ± 167 vs. 5544 ± 181 beats, p = 0.09). The POMS Fatigue index was significantly higher post‐TT in the ML‐C trial (15.0 ± 1.9 vs 12.7 ± 0.4, 10.8 ± 1.1, ±11.2 ± 1.0). RPE and cognitive test responses were not different between trials. In heat stress, caffeine improves time trial performance in the EF phase despite an increased post‐exercise oral temperature. While heart rate response tended to be lower in the EF phase, no differences were observed in any other physical or cognitive performance measure between trials.Support or Funding InformationScotia Scholars Award, Nova Scotia Health Research FoundationThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

The power of yoga: Do you have time?

Event Abstract Back to Event The power of yoga: Do you have time? Paige J. Linegar1*, Gail Moloney1 and Christopher J. Stevens2 1 Department of Psychological Science, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Australia 2 School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Australia Aim: Yoga can improve mood and frequent yoga practice has been associated with decreased symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders. The relaxation-response has been used to explain this mood improvement after ‘mind-body’ practices and may be elicited within minutes. However, research also suggests that the magnitude of mood improvements may be greater for exercise durations up to 60-minutes. Whether this extends to the practice of power yoga is uncertain. The current study compared the effects of a 30-minute and 60-minute power yoga practice on several mood states. Method: Thirty-seven participants (male =14, female =23, Mage= 41.16 SD=15.87) took part in separate 30-minute and 60-minute power yoga sessions one-week apart in a randomised cross-over design. Pre- and post- profile of mood states (POMS; abbreviated version) measures were taken before and after each class, and perceived pleasure and enjoyment were measured at the completion of each class. Results: The POMS total mood disturbance improved from pre- to post-practice in both the 30-minute and 60-minute durations with no significant difference between durations. For both durations, the negative subscales of the POMS (tension, anger, depression, fatigue and confusion) significantly decreased from pre- to post-practice. An increase was found for the POMS positive mood subscale esteem-related affect, but not vigour. The responses across all mood subscales were of the same magnitude regardless of duration. No significant differences were found between durations for the pleasure and enjoyment ratings with both practices perceived as pleasant and enjoyable. Conclusion: A 30-minute duration of power yoga practice resulted in mood improvement, with no further improvements observed for the longer 60-minute session. These findings offer tentative support that power yoga can be practised in shorter durations and achieve similar psychological effects as longer durations. Short duration yoga practices have the potential to overcome time-restraints which may limit exercise engagement. Keywords: mood, Exercise, Yoga, Mind-body and relaxation techniques, Duration (time) Conference: 15th Annual Psychology Honours Research Conference , Coffs Harbour, Australia, 4 Oct - 5 Oct, 2018. Presentation Type: Research Topic: Abstract for 15th Annual Psychology Honours Research Conference Citation: Linegar PJ, Moloney G and Stevens CJ (2019). The power of yoga: Do you have time?. Front. Psychol. Conference Abstract: 15th Annual Psychology Honours Research Conference . doi: 10.3389/conf.fpsyg.2018.74.00027 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 18 Sep 2018; Published Online: 27 Sep 2019. * Correspondence: Miss. Paige J Linegar, Department of Psychological Science, School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia, p.linegar.10@student.scu.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Paige J Linegar Gail Moloney Christopher J Stevens Google Paige J Linegar Gail Moloney Christopher J Stevens Google Scholar Paige J Linegar Gail Moloney Christopher J Stevens PubMed Paige J Linegar Gail Moloney Christopher J Stevens Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

The effect for Japanese workers of a self-help computerized cognitive behaviour therapy program with a supplement soft drink

BackgroundComputerized cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT) programs can provide a useful self-help approach to the treatment of psychological problems. Previous studies have shown that CCBT has moderate effects on depression, insomnia, and anxiety. The present study investigated whether a supplement drink that includes L-carnosine enhances the effect of CCBT on psychological well-being.MethodsEighty-seven participants were randomly allocated to a control group, CCBT, or CCBT with supplement drink. The CCBT and CCBT with supplement drink groups received six weekly self-help CCBT program instalments, which consisted of psycho-education about stress management and coping, behaviour activation, and cognitive restructuring. The CCBT group consumed a bottle of the supplement soft drink every morning through the 6 weeks. This program was delivered by an e-learning system on demand and also included a self-help guidebook. Seventy-two participants completed the program or were assess at the end of the study.ResultsANOVA revealed that there were significant interactions (times × groups) for POMS tension-anxiety and fatigue. The CCBT group showed significantly improved tension-anxiety scores, whereas the CCBT with drink group showed significant improvements on fatigue.ConclusionThe self-help CCBT program reduced the subjective experience of tension-anxiety in this group of workers. The addition of a supplement drink enhanced the effect of CCBT on fatigue, providing one possible approach to enhancement of such programs.Trial registrationThis study was registered on September 2, 2016 at UMIN. The registration number is UMIN000023903.

Brief internet-based cognitive behavior therapy program with a supplement drink improved anxiety and somatic symptoms in Japanese workers

BackgroundSelf-help cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a useful approach for the treatment of psychological problems. Recent research on the effectiveness of self-help internet-based CBT (ICBT) indicates that the paradigm moderately improves psychological problems. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that food and drinks containing supplements improve various health conditions. We investigated the effect of a brief self-help ICBT administered with a supplement drink on psychological well-being and somatic symptoms.MethodsIn total, 101 healthy workers were enrolled in the 4-week ICBT program, which consisted of psychoeducation on stress management, behavior activation, and cognitive restructuring. The supplement soft drink was taken every day during the program. The participants were instructed to watch on-demand video clips and read the self-help guidebook and supporting comic strip weekly on the Internet or smartphone. The Japanese version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) was administered before and after completion of the program. Scores on the POMS tension-anxiety (POMS-TA), depression (POMS-D), and fatigue (POMS-F) subscales were used to assess the effect of the program. Somatic symptoms were assessed using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 75 participants continued the program for 4 weeks; however, of those, 27 failed to complete all weekly tasks or meet the post-assessment deadlines. Therefore, the data of 48 participants were included in the analysis. Pre-post intervention comparisons using paired t-tests revealed significant improvement on the POMS-TA, but not the POMS-D or POMS-F subscales. Moreover, participants reported a significant reduction in the severity of low back pain.ConclusionOur brief intervention moderately improved anxiety levels and the symptom of low back pain. These findings suggest that the brief ICBT program is effective in non-patient populations. Future directions for brief ICBT are discussed.Trial registrationThis study was registered on February 10, 2016 at UMIN. The registration number is UMIN000020962.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of the effects of levetiracetam on cognition, mood, and balance in healthy older adults.

The cognitive and mood effects of levetiracetam (LEV) in older adults are not known. This study compared the cognitive and mood effects of LEV to placebo in healthy older adults. Cognitive, mood, and balance variables were compared between LEV and placebo using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with two 5-week treatment periods. Healthy volunteers (n = 20) aged 65-80 (mean age 72.4) received either LEV or placebo in which the LEV target dose was 1,000 mg/day. Volunteers, aged 65-80, were without epilepsy to limit potentially confounding the impact of seizures and/or underlying neuropathology on outcomes. LEV was initiated at 250 mg twice a day for 2 weeks, then increased to 500 mg twice a day for 2 weeks, and then tapered to 250 mg twice a day for 1 week. This was randomized with placebo for the two treatment arms. Measures included standardized neuropsychological, mood, and balance tests yielding 32 variables. Balance was assessed using subjective report (e.g., A-B neurotoxicity scale) and objective data (e.g., Berg Balance Scale). Average LEV serum concentration was 16.9 (standard deviation [SD} 7.7). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) found no differences between LEV and placebo phases for 29 (90.6%) of 32 variables including no change in balance. Performance on LEV was better than placebo on a visual memory (MCG Complex Figure Recall; p = 0.007) and two attention tests (Trail Making Test, Part A, p = 0.009; Stroop Interference, p = 0.004). There was a trend for greater irritability and fatigue (POMS Anger and Fatigue) during the LEV phase (p = 0.029, p = 0.035). Effect-size changes were generally small (Cohen d < 0.5). LEV was well tolerated in this elderly population in terms of cognition, mood, and balance. When anticonvulsant medication is indicated for older adults, LEV has pharmacokinetic advantages, and these data indicate no adverse impact on cognition or balance.