Professional Sources Research Articles

Diet and Nutrition Advice After a Solid Tumor Diagnosis

Credible evidence-based diet and nutrition advice is essential for patients with cancer. This study aimed to explore what advice patients with cancer obtained before a formal dietetic visit. A multicenter, observational study was conducted in seven hospital-based oncology services. Consecutive patients were recruited at first dietetic assessment. In addition to routine dietetic assessment, participants completed a four-item questionnaire describing diet and nutrition advice obtained since diagnosis. Seventy-seven patients participated. More than 80% had multiple nutrition-impact symptoms. In total, 53 (69%) obtained advice from professional and nonprofessional sources before dietetic visit. Family and friends were the most common sources of advice. More than one third got advice from (nondietetic) healthcare professionals. Most advice related to "foods to include" (61%) and "foods to avoid" (54%) in the diet. Many of the "foods to avoid" were important sources of micro- and macronutrients. Advice about dietary supplements (31%) and specific diets (28%) was common, rarely evidence-based, and frequently contradictory. Participants found it difficult to discern what advice was trustworthy and reliable. Despite this, most followed the advice. The majority of patients received diet and nutrition advice before first dietetic visit. Most of this came from nonprofessional sources. Any advice from nondietetic healthcare professionals was inconsistent or vague. This was mainly related to the avoidance and/or inclusion of particular foods and was often contradictory. Nevertheless, patients usually followed such advice fully. To help manage their frequent nutrition-impact symptoms and resolve the contradictory advice they had received, many expressed the need for earlier professional dietetic consultation.

Collection Development in the Digital Age

In the digital environment where information is increasingly located by using online databases, it becomes even more important that school library books be current, age appropriate, and of outstanding quality. The presenter will review: (a) professional selection sources, (b) creating a school curriculum chart, (c) weeding guidelines by Dewey numbers, and (d) evaluating a library collection. Other topics will include recommended online reference materials and an explanation of how a Maryland consortium provides basic digital sources for all students in the state. Audience participants will be encouraged to share their experiences and suggestions for creating quality collections.

Between survival and vision: Boundary-crossing Arab teachers in Jewish schools and Arab teachers in their community

This mixed-methods study examined the experiences of belonging/otherness among Arab teachers in Israel. A group of boundary-crossing teachers: Arab teachers in Jewish schools (AJ; N = 57) was compared with Arab teachers teaching in their own community (AA; N = 103). We found that the AJ group had a multicultural orientation, unlike the AA group, who were community-orientated. These orientations are reflected in different otherness sources, different motivations for selecting a workplace, and differences in identity ratings. While professional and social sources promoted teachers’ sense of belonging in the two groups, the source of AJs' sense of otherness was the national divide as opposed to community-oriented aspects in AAs. Selfefficacy ratings were high in both groups with a significant advantage for AJs, an unanticipated finding given that most of them were women, had attended teacher training colleges rather than universities, and were rarely homeroom teachers. Arab teachers' involvement in Jewish schools was partial with a low proportion of classroom educators or teachers in managerial roles. AJs tend to leave their national identity outside the school, and are not involved in political discourse or in the staffroom power relations. The phenomenon of integrating AJs is relatively new, and within a segregated education system that limits the opportunities for Jews and Arabs to meet, it can provide a viable, albeit limited, tool to inhibit prejudice and antagonism between Jews and Arabs.

АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ ДИТЯЧИХ СТРАХІВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ СТЕРЕОТИПІВ ДОРОСЛОЇ ЛЮДИНИ

The childhood fears and demonstration of their consequences in adult life is an important topic of psychology and psychiatry. The analysis of theoretical studies, allows to reveal more deeply consequences of formation and functioning of stereotypes in consciousness and behavior of people. The phenomenon of stereotype from a psychological and psychophysiological point of view is considered in the article. The psychological understanding of the concepts of stereotype and fear is provided on the basis of the analysis and generalization of related materials. The different interpretations of the stereotype have been found to reflect the different aspects of the same phenomenon: physiological basis, social and psychological conditioning, behavioral and verbal realization. The determinants (external and internal) of the appearance of the stereotype of person's behavior have been determined and the relations between the individual determinants have been revealed. In particular, the influence of childhood fears on the formation of adult stereotypes was revealed. The main goal is to systematize and generalize the scientific concepts regarding the influence of childhood fears on the formation of adult stereotypes. The main research methods: Analysis and synthesis of information on professional sources. The problem statement. The one of the most important characteristics of stereotypes is their diversity, which makes them function in all spheres of society in different modifications. It is first necessary to develop its generalized, detailed methodological typology based on various scientific classifications in order to study the problem of the formation of stereotypes of human behaviour under the influence of childhood fears. The various fears, both normal and pathological, influence the adult behaviour. The normal fears of a child are always reactions to real dangers, the consequences of which the child assesses adequately, without overstating or minimizing the consequences. The pathological fears are considered to hinder the development of children, their communication with their peers and their social inclusion, and cause various mental disorders. The reaction of the child to such abnormalities is disobedience, reduced academic performance, behavioural disorders and communication with peers and parents. The greater influence of childhood fears when they are laid down for the future, when adults take certain steps under the influence of stereotypes created by their own experience, in which the fears of different levels of intensity and importance were significant. The stereotypes that define the character of the person and his behavior in adulthood go through a long period of formation. The stereotype takes effect even before the mind, the intelligence, puts a specific imprint on the data that the human senses perceive even before the data reaches the mind. At the same time, certain stimuli, especially those inherited by an adult from his or her childhood, activate a certain part of the stereotype system. Thus, the direct impression and a certain evaluation, which has been formed earlier, appear in consciousness simultaneously. The fears inherited by the adult from the period of childhood can carry out a number of characteristic reconstructions in consciousness, which are reflected in individual links of the system, in the entire system or, finally, in the entire above nervous activity.

Longitudinal changes in child maltreatment reports.

The U.S. annual rate of child maltreatment reports has increased from 38.9 per 1,000 children in 2007 to 47.8 per 1,000 children in 2018 (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2012, 2020). Using national administrative child welfare data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, the present study examined longitudinal trends in child maltreatment reports over the years 2007-2018. Specifically, the following research questions were examined: (a) Do upward trends in child maltreatment reports differ by the source of the report (i.e., professional or nonprofessional sources) and between urban and rural areas?; (b) Do increasing numbers of child maltreatment reports represent reports with a low risk of recidivism (i.e., re-reporting)?; and (c) Do longitudinal trends of Child Protective Services (CPS) responses to investigated reports differ by the source of the report and between urban and rural areas? We found that increases in maltreatment reports were primarily driven by increases in reports from professional sources and that report rates increased across rural and urban areas alike. However, the increases were more significant in rural and small urban areas compared to large urban areas. We did not find evidence that the increasing numbers of reports were due to an increase in reports with low recidivism risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

AGILITY AND SPEED RESISTANCE LEVEL STUDY OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED MID-RACE RUNNERS

The study of professional literature and information sources showed that the improvement of results in the mid-race running depends on the joint development of agility and speed endurance. A study of agility skills of high-class mid-race runners showed that they have a high level of agility, which has a high correlation percent value with an athletic result of 800 m: men - 94.9 %, women - 92.9 %. Thus their agility skills and speed endurance correspond to the principle offered to determining a speed endurance coefficient.

Perceived Peer Norms and Help Seeking for Depression in Indian College Youth

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2020,10,4,152-154.DOI:10.5530/ijmedph.2020.4.33Published:November 2020Type:Original ArticlePerceived Peer Norms and Help Seeking for Depression in Indian College YouthFathima MA, Seema Mehrotra, and Paulomi Sudhir Fathima MA, Seema Mehrotra*, Paulomi Sudhir Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Low rates of professional help seeking are observed in college youth despite high prevalence of common mental health problems. Perceptions regarding social norms related to help seeking can be one of the factors that influence help seeking inclination. Aim: The present study examined perceived peer norms related to help seeking for depressive symptoms and their relationship to one’s own help seeking inclination in urban Indian college youth. Methods: A cross- sectional survey design was used. College youth (N=300) in a metropolitan Indian city constituted the study sample. A modified version of the General Help Seeking Questionnaire was used. This incorporated two depression vignettes; one described depressive symptoms in the context of a life event and another one depicted similar depressive symptoms without any life event. The likelihood of oneself as well as one’s peers seeking help from different sources was inquired into, for both the vignettes. Results: Friends were rated as the most likely source of seeking help for depressive symptoms. Seeking help from a professional by self and by one’s peers was rated as less likely when depression was preceded by a life event than when it was not. College youth rated their own likelihood of seeking professional help to be higher when they perceived their peers’ likelihood of seeking professional help to be higher. Conclusion: Perceived peer norms about help seeking for depression can play an important role in influencing inclination to seek help from professional sources in college youth. Implications for designing interventions to improve help seeking in youth are highlighted. Keywords:Depression, Help seeking, Social norms, Treatment gap, YouthView:PDF (100.43 KB)

Tuberculosis diagnosis or immunodiagnostics in the practice of a pediatric nurse

Tuberculosis is one of the 10 leading causes of death in the world. According to the WHO global strategy, one of the health targets of the Sustainable Development Goals is to end the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030. The article summarizes the basic theoretical data from various professional sources required by the nurse of the vaccination room of the pediatric profile during the performance of measures on tuberculosis diagnostics.

Awareness of Stroke Warning Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Response to Acute Stroke in Biswanath District, Assam, India

This study was undertaken with the following objectives: (a) to find out the awareness of warning symptoms and risk factors of stroke, (b) response to acute stroke, and (c) factors associated with awareness, risk factors, and response to acute stroke among community-dwelling adults in Biswanath district of Assam. Using a cross-sectional design, a community-based study was done among 340 adults (mean age 38 years, men 55%) selected using multistage cluster sampling. Information on sociodemographic variables, stroke warning symptoms, risk factors, and response to acute stroke was collected using an adapted World Health Organization (WHO) STEPs stroke surveillance tool. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis were done to find out the factors associated with stroke warning symptoms, risk factors, and response to acute stroke. A "P" value < .05 was considered for statistical significance. Awareness of stroke was significantly higher among males (P < .01), better educated (P < .01), government employees (P < .05), high-income group (P < .01), and those who reported receiving information from a professional source (P < .01) compared to their counterparts. Knowledge of at least one stroke risk factor and providing at least one correct response to acute stroke was higher among males, better educated, government employees, higher income groups, and those who received information from professional source compared to their counterparts (P < .05). Awareness of stroke warning symptoms, risk factors, and response to acute stroke needs to be improved focusing on women, low education groups, those working in the nongovernment sector, and low-income groups by health professionals.

Who refers parents with intellectual disabilities to the child welfare system? An analysis of referral sources and substantiation

Parents with intellectual disabilities (ID) have higher rates of child welfare involvement than their non-disabled peers. One common explanation for the high rates of child welfare involvement is that they are more likely to be referred to child protection because of their substantial, ongoing involvement with professionals who are mandated reporters. Professionals are the largest overall source of child protection referrals in the United States, however prior to this study, there has not been any exploration into referral sources in cases specifically involving parents with ID in the United States. This study explored report sources to child welfare using the 2014 National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System data, comparing parents with ID, parents with other disabilities, and parents with no disabilities. Secondary data analysis showed that parents with ID and parents with other disabilities had higher odds of referral by social services personnel than parents without disabilities. Additionally, among cases that entered the system from both professional and non-professional report sources, caregivers with an ID had higher odds of case substantiation than those whose caregiver did not have an ID. Implications for practice, policy and future research are discussed.

Integrating Activity Based Costing (ABC) with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) for Effective Management: A Literature Review

In the age of a global competition environment, the accurate costing measurement is important for planning and decision-making. To achieve this goal, contemporary costing methods are tested and applied such as the Activity Based Costing (ABC) in conjunction with the use of modern Information Technology (IT). The review study attempts a comparative analysis of both ABC and Traditional Costing Accounting (TCA), examining the main themes emerging from academic research and practitioners concerning the challenges, benefits, and barriers of ABC, analyzing the impact of the integration between ERP and ABC systems and its effect on management performance. A review of the literature generated an initial pool of 322 studies. Upon extensive review, 38 studies were found to be relevant to this topic. It appears from the review and analysis of the academic literature and professional sources that a successful integration among ERP and ABC minimizes the operation costs, enhances competitiveness, improves the management of the enterprise, due to its abilities to provide more accurate costing information for a strategic decision. However, practical implications in adopting ABC under ERP could be very challenging, requires a huge amount of internal resources, commitment among employees, and top management. In closing, additional research studies employing both qualitative and quantitative methods as well as case studies are needed in order to provide insights into the impact of ERP and detailed implications of how the ABC accounting system is adapting to the ERP environment and its effect on firm performance.

Media trust and infection mitigating behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis. It is becoming increasingly clear that people’s behavioural responses in the USA during this fast-changing pandemic are associated with their preferred...

S3154 Can Yoga Relieve Symptoms of IBS: What Are Patients Reading Online?

INTRODUCTION: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of an organic disease. Affected individuals often seek online sources for self-education as well as to find alternative treatments for symptomatic relief. This study evaluated the quality, readability, and content of readily accessible online resources on yoga and IBS using validated assessment tools. METHODS: An internet search of the terms “yoga and irritable bowel syndrome” using the Google search engine to obtain the first 100 websites. Websites that were non-accessible, included videos and photos without transcripts, ads to magazines or books, study enrollment, event invitation or duplicates were excluded. Websites were categorized by intended audience: patient vs professional. Quality was evaluated using the validated DISCERN instrument with scores categorized as Excellent 56-75, Good 36-55 or Poor < 36. Readability was determined using the validated Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Calculation. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two-tailed Fisher’s Exact Test and a Two-Sample T-test, with a P-value set at < 0.05. RESULTS: 100 websites were evaluated with 73 websites meeting the inclusion criteria. 50 (68.5%) websites were intended for patients and 23 (31.5%) were for medical professionals. The average Flesch-Kincaid grade level was 11.5, with a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between patient (10.1 grade level) and professional (14.6 grade level) websites. The mean DISCERN score was Good (score 43.5): 11 websites scoring Excellent (15%), 35 websites scoring Good (47.9%), and 27 websites scoring Poor (37.1%). Patient sites were less likely (P < 0.0001) to provide references (30%) compared to professional sources (91.3%). CONCLUSION: Online information on yoga and IBS is readily available for patients and professionals. Based on the validated DISCERN tool, the quality of website information was rated as good, but readability exceeded the NIH 6th grade reading level recommendation. Online websites targeted towards patients should be readable and written in patient-centered language. This study highlights the likely need for improvement in the current online sources available for both patients and professionals regarding IBS and yoga.

Do We Trust the Crowd? Effects of Crowdsourcing on Perceived Credibility of Online Health Information

ABSTRACT Crowdsourcing websites such as Wikipedia have become go-to places for health information. To what extent do we trust such health content that is generated by other Internet users? Will it make a difference if such entries are curated by medical professionals? Does the affordance of crowdsourcing make users feel like they themselves could be contributors, and does that influence their credibility judgments? We explored these questions with a 2 (Crowdsourcing: absence vs. presence) × 2 (Professional source: absence vs. presence) × 2 (Message: sunscreen vs. milk) between-subjects experiment (N = 189). Two indirect paths for crowdsourcing effects were found. The crowd-as-source path suggests that crowdsourcing negatively affects content credibility through decreased source trustworthiness and information completeness. In contrast, the self-as-source path indicates that crowdsourcing elevates source trustworthiness via heightened interactivity and sense of control. Although the additional professional source raises perceived gatekeeping on the site, it does not have substantial influence on credibility judgments. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

A systematic review of risk assessment tools for contaminated sites – Current perspectives and future prospects

Health and safety hazards associated with the redevelopment of contaminated sites can be complex and pose considerable risks. A systematic literature review was conducted on risk assessment tools for contaminated sites. These tools have been identified from searching through leading academic databases and other professional sources. For each of the identified tools the relevant risk assessment stages, harm type, hazard category, receptor type and pathways are reported. Findings reveal that despite growing interest in the development of risk assessment tools, there are persistent knowledge gaps identified in this study, which serve as a basis for future research direction to where more advanced practical tools could be invented. For instance, it is evidenced there is a shortfall in practical tools available to contaminated site assessors conducting investigations at the preliminary risk assessment stage. Addressing this opening can benefit the planning process, coordinated between relevant stakeholders and, moreover, reduce uncertainty in the decision-making of contaminated site developers.

Investigating HPV- and HPV Vaccine-Related Knowledge, Perceptions, and Information Sources among Health Care Providers in Three Big Cities in China.

The limited access to vaccination and vaccine hesitancy are prevalent even among health care providers in less developed countries. This study assessed the relationships between (i) health care providers’ knowledge on human papillomavirus (HPV) and vaccination for HPV and (ii) their perceptions, demographic characteristics, and the use of information sources. In this large-scale online survey, participants (n = 1394) were recruited from hospitals of three big cities in China (Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen). Descriptive analysis, the chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used to answer different research questions. Health care providers’ overall knowledge scores are consistent with their perceptions about HPV and HPV vaccine. Occupation, specialty, the type of hospitals, and the frequency of participants’ search for information using professional informational sources are the most significant characteristics that are closely associated with their knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. Targeted educational interventions are needed to improve health care providers’ engagement in the promotion of the HPV vaccine. Such interventions, besides increasing knowledge, should also emphasize the importance of appropriate information sources to acquire information.

Experience of mobile nursing workforce from Portugal to the NHS in UK: influence of institutions and actors at the system, organization and individual levels.

In UK, since 2010 shortages of nurses and policy changes led many health service providers to become more active in recruiting nurses from the European Union Member States. This article analyses the experience of Portuguese nurses working in the English NHS considering the individual and organizational factors that affect the quality and duration of nurses’ migration experience, future career plans and expectations. Twenty-seven semi-structured interviews were conducted at the individual, organizational and policy levels in UK with Portuguese nurses and NHS healthcare staff in 2015–16. The results demonstrate that organizational settings, conditions, actors’ attitudes and level of support influence nurses’ level of commitment to their employer and their overall mobility experience. Professional achievements, professional and personal sources of support made these nurses evaluate their overall mobility experience as positive, even overcoming personal challenges such as homesickness. The results reveal that migration is accomplished through constant interaction between institutions and individual actors at different levels. Understanding the influencing factors as well as the complex and dynamic nature of a professional’s decision-making can design more effective retention responses.

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Portrayal of Vocal Health in YouTube Videos

PurposeThe current study examines metadata, upload source, type of informational content, understandability, and actionability of YouTube videos related to vocal health.MethodA search for videos related to vocal health in YouTube was completed. Metadata (i.e., number of views, video length, thumbs-up, thumbs-down), upload source (i.e., consumer, professional, media), and type of informational content were identified. The Patient Education Material Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials was used to assess understandability and actionability of the 100 most frequently viewed videos.ResultsA total of 166 videos were obtained. The collective number of views was 19,799,299. A significant difference between video source groups was found for number of views and thumbs-down, but not for video length or thumbs-up. The YouTube videos were primarily educational, and a majority of the content focused on tips and techniques for professional voice users. Videos had adequate understandability (i.e., 71.5%) and actionability scores (i.e., 74%). Videos uploaded by consumers were superior to professional sources in actionability, but no difference was noted between video source for understandability.ConclusionsStudy insights about metadata, source, type of informational content, understandability, and actionability of YouTube videos may help professionals understand the nature of online content related to vocal health. Study implications and recommendations for further research are discussed.

Low-Income Mothers’ Use of Technology to Find Nutrition Information: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Objectives Pregnant and breastfeeding women are motivated to improve their diets for the health of their infants, but have difficulty maintaining changes postpartum or post-breastfeeding. Tailoring nutrition education to the mother-infant dyad versus individually, and providing mothers with information on the continued connection between them and their infants, may be effective at promoting healthful behaviors for both. However, low-income mothers report barriers to in-person education; technology may therefore help reach this audience. The objective of this study was to explore the receptivity of low-income mothers to the use of technology in providing nutrition education for themselves, their infants and families. Methods Women with a child &amp;lt;3 years were recruited through WIC to participate in focus groups. Topics explored were sources of nutrition information for themselves, infants and families, and use of technology to find information. Groups were recorded, transcribed and analyzed with N-Vivo to develop overarching themes. Results African American, Hispanic and White (N = 13) women participated in 4 mixed groups. Overarching themes developed from the data are (1) Prioritization: Women seek health information (from any source) for their infants and family, not themselves; (2) Context: Women accept nutrition information from health professionals, but seek to make it relevant to their lives through social networks, both personal and online; (3) Online Usage: Women seek nutrition information online in the same manner they do with other topics, including the platforms used (social media), at the time information is needed, and valuing resources they consider appropriate to their individual needs and their culture, values and lifestyles. Health professional sources online are not prioritized. Conclusions Online resources are currently used by low-income mothers as support for implementing nutrition information. Making use of this technology to provide education that is relevant, but also-evidence based, is needed. Funding Sources NIFA USDA Hatch Grant.

HOMEMADE FIREARMS PRODUCED USING THE 3D PRINTING METHOD – THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND THE PECULIARITIES OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION

The development of a new technology of material processing known as 3D printing in 2013 lead to posting on the Internet blueprints of the first pistol made with the use this technology. The pistol got the name Liberator. Within the first two days after the post, the blueprints of this pistol were downloaded more than a hundred thousand times. The difference of this construction from other constructions is that all the parts, except the firing pin, are printed on the 3D printer. For manufacturing this type of pistols special equipment (which has become easily available lately) is needed, as well as the knowledge and skill to operate it. At the same time, no special knowledge about the development and manufacturing of firearms is necessary. Availability of ready blueprints (the programs for printing the elements in 3D printer) without the need to do manual or machine treatment, lead to the wide spread of this type of homemade firearms. The law enforcements of many countries have already got cases of illegal trafficking of homemade firearms made with the use of 3D printing technology. The article discusses the construction features of Liberator pistol, as well as the peculiarities of its forensic examination. Special attention is paid to the problem of reliability and durability of this type of pistols. The possibility of damage or destruction of the pistol construction during a shot was investigated. The influence of different parameters, such as the size of the pistol, the material of its elements, the caliber of the cartridge on the possible destruction of the pistol, was also discussed. The damages in the pistols, made of different polymers, were illustrated in this article by the results of investigations taken from a few foreign professional sources. The problem of establishing the fact of a shot, which had been made from pistol printed in 3D printer, before the evidence came for forensic examination, was discussed. The article deals with the problem of the influence of this shot on the possibility of determination of the constriction durability and with the question if the evidence meets the criteria of firearms. Possible defects in the examined evidences, which should be checked be the examiners before the experimental shot, were pointed out.