Professional Norms Research Articles

Making events: How anticipatory infrastructures produce shared temporalities

Anticipatory infrastructures assemble sensors that are ready to detect, networks primed to share data, scientists prepared to confirm events, and news organizations poised to tell stories. This article explains how public time is articulated through sensor-mediated communications by examining two anticipatory infrastructures. Each infrastructure uses similar earthquake data to detect, report on, and convene material publics around earthquakes in Southern California. They are integral to structuring rhythms, coordinating syncronizations, setting deadlines, and making events timely, meaningful, and actionable, yet their governance lives in no one place. Instead, they emerge from an assemblage of sensors, networks, devices, algorithms, people, data, organizations, professional practices, and normative theories of the public. By comparing two different anticipatory infrastructures, we show how imagined publics, forms of journalistic storytelling, representations of earthquake events, and system maintenance can convene different public temporalities. We identify four dynamics involved in making these variable temporalities in material publics: how human-machine relations organize time, how professional norms of timeliness collide, how publics are anticipated by infrastructures, and how sensor infrastructures are maintained or decay over time.

Mediation in Patent Disputes Arising in The Healthcare Sector

Purpose: The study is devoted to the analysis of mediation in patent disputes arising in the field of healthcare. Methods: The research used general and special methods: dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-logical, system-structural method, and comparative-legal method. Results and discussion: The results showed that innovative advances in medicine provide a new range of opportunities, but at the same time generate new legal challenges that require effective regulatory mechanisms. The main advantages of using mediation in patent disputes by medical companies remain the minimization of reputational risks and the confidentiality of information that becomes known to the mediator during the settlement of the conflict or dispute. Implications of the research: The principles of confidentiality of medical information (including scientific and technical, commercial secrets, etc.), the principle of mandatory involvement of experts from the relevant field, the principle of medical ethics and high professional standards, the principle of matching the experience of the mediator to the level of complexity and the subject of the dispute will ensure the most effective resolution of patent disputes in the field of health care through mediation while maintaining the important elements of confidentiality of medical data, medical expertise, and professional ethical norms. Originality/value: The use of mediation in such disputes is relevant within the framework of high competition, the pace of scientific achievements and the steady growth of the volume of medical innovations, therefore it requires new approaches and policies of introduction into legal systems.

Evaluation of Work-Life Integration, Social Isolation, and the Impact of Work on Personal Relationships Among Healthcare CEOs and Administrative Leaders.

The objective of this study was to evaluate satisfaction with work-life integration (WLI), social isolation, and the impact of work on personal relationships (IWPR) among senior healthcare operational leaders. Between June 7 and June 30, 2021, we performed a national survey of CEOs and other senior healthcare operational leaders in the United States to evaluate their personal work experience. Satisfaction with WLI, social isolation, and IWPR were assessed using standardized instruments. Burnout and professional fulfillment were also assessed using standardized scales. The mean IWPR score on the 0-10 scale was 4.39 (standard deviation was 2.36; higher scores were unfavorable). On multivariable analysis to identify demographic and professional factors associated with the IWPR score, each additional hour worked per week decreased the likelihood of a favorable IWPR score. The IWPR, feeling isolated, and satisfaction with WLI were independently associated with burnout after adjusting for other personal and professional factors. On multivariable analysis, healthcare administrators were more likely than U.S. workers in other fields to indicate work had adversely impacted personal relationships in response to the item "In the past year, my job has contributed to me feeling more isolated and detached from the people who are most important to me." Experiencing an adverse IWPR is common among U.S. healthcare administrators, who are more likely than the general U.S. working population to indicate their job contributes to isolation and detachment from the people most important to them. Problems with WLI, isolation, and an adverse IWPR are associated with increased burnout and lower professional fulfillment. Intentional efforts by both organizations and administrative leaders are necessary to address the work characteristics and professional norms that erode WLI and result in work adversely impacting personal relationships.

Critically re-examining professional norms: Medicine's urgent need to look inwards.

'Are physicians who they ought to be?' This commentary advocates for a critical re‐examination of what is at the core of being a physician via a process of inclusive co‐construction

Denunciation and resistance in post-crisis sensemaking

Many stakeholders require some form of post-crisis sensemaking to help them better understand what happened, and why. Through this lens, we review public inquiry oral evidence sessions with the incriminated company leaders from three major business failures in the UK. While the stated objective of these public inquiries was to ‘learn lessons’, we mobilize Harold Garfinkel’s writings on ceremonies of degradation to offer an alternative perspective. We identify and discuss the strategies employed by the denouncers intended to lower the targets’ identities in the social order. We find that the denouncers frequently rely on accounting-oriented challenges. Following this, we explore the company leaders’ responses as they attempt to resist the denunciation. We identify four key resistance strategies: reframing, recalibration, refocusing, and blame-shifting/-sharing. As part of their response, the denounced provide their own accounting-oriented counter-explanations, emphasising that their choices were consistent with professional norms. We discuss the implications of these findings and what they mean for the management and maintenance of social order in the wake of a financial scandal. Specifically, we point to the inherent ambiguity built into established accounting norms which become a key battleground in the fight for the preservation (or ritual destruction) of the target’s identity.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ЦЕННОСТНЫХ ОРИЕНТАЦИЙ БУДУЩИХ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ПО РАБОТЕ С СЕМЬЁЙ, КАК МОТИВАЦИОННОГО КОМПОНЕНТА РАЗВИТИЯ ИХ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО САМОСОЗНАНИЯ

Introduction. Modern researchers do not lose interest in the study of value and meaning spheres of human personality at different stages of its development. Understanding the motivation of students and the process of their professional formation requires a constant and comprehensive study of value orientations that contribute to the formation of self-consciousness of future specialists of different profiles. The prevalence or shortage of certain values at the initial stage of students' education can become a starting point for creating favorable conditions for their professional development. Improvement of the motivational component of professional training will allow to understand more deeply the processes of formation of professional self-consciousness, to consider the system of professional training in different profiles in a new way. Purpose of the study. To study the prevailing values (groups of values) of freshmen students studying in the profile "Psychological and pedagogical work with family" and to identify the features of their value orientations for the organization of quality professional training. The article presents a theoretical review of modern research on the problem of formation of value orientations, which gives an idea of the conflicting nature of motivational components and value structures of modern representatives of youth. The professional self-awareness of future specialists of helping professions undergoes a complex path of interiorization of professional knowledge and inclusion of this knowledge in their personal system. The article describes the main results obtained in the course of empirical research of values (groups of values) of the first-year students, which allow to determine their orientation to the helping profession, the ability to harmonious development of professionally significant values, readiness to become a representative of professional culture and norms, as well as to identify value deficiency that will hinder the formation of a professional.

The Equipoise Ruler: A National Survey on Surgeon Judgment About the Value of Surgery.

To understand professional norms regarding the value of surgery. Agreed-upon professional norms may improve surgical decision-making by contextualizing the nature of surgical treatment for patients. However, the extent to which these norms exist among surgeons practicing in the United States is not known. We administered a survey with 30 exemplar cases asking surgeons to use their best judgment to place each case on a scale ranging from "definitely would do this surgery" to "definitely would not do this surgery." We then asked surgeons to repeat their assessments after providing responses from the first survey. We interviewed respondents to characterize their rationale. We received 580 responses, a response rate of 28.5%. For 19 of 30 cases, there was consensus (≥60% agreement) about the value of surgery (range: 63% to 99%). There was little within-case variation when the mode was for surgery and more variation when the mode was against surgery or equipoise. Exposure to peer response increased the number of cases with consensus. Women were more likely to endorse a nonoperative approach when treatment had high mortality. Specialists were less likely to operate for salvage procedures. Surgeons noted their clinical practice was to withhold judgment and let patients decide despite their assessment. Professional judgment about the value of surgery exists along a continuum. While there is less variation in judgment for cases that are highly beneficial, consensus can be improved by exposure to the assessments of peers.

Development, Dissemination, and Revision of Good Scientific Practice for Research on UAP

Research on UAP experiences, especially in the form of a single case study or investigation, is primarily conducted by lay or citizen scientists worldwide. There is a need for responsible and methodically justified research to be established to receive verifiable, comparable work results and to ensure ethically conscientious interactions with other researchers and experience reporters. In this article, principles of good scientific practice for research on UAP in Germany are presented. In part, these principles are derived from existing professional norms, but they are further specified for UAP research. Predecessors of the principles are identified; then the process of their development and different stages of review are described. Furthermore, the application of the principles and their revision process are discussed. The paper concludes with the presentation of the research principles in the current version. In conclusion, the establishment and application of such principles can improve the quality of research conducted by volunteering individuals or non-profit organizations and thus generate better data on UAP.

Return-to-Work Coordinators' Perceptions of Their Roles Relative to Workers: A Discourse Analysis.

This paper describes how Canadian Return to Work coordinators (RTWC) framed their job roles relative to workers in ways that went beyond the usual professional norms of helping worker recovery. In-depth interviews were conducted with 47 RTWCs across Canada in 2018-2019. We used critical discourse analysis to analyze the way coordinators viewed workers in the complex, multi-stakeholder system of RTW. We identified four ways that RTWCs positioned themselves relative to workers: as trust builders, experts, detectives and motivators. These roles reflected RTWCs position within the system; however, their discourse also contributed to the construction of a moral hierarchy that valued worker motivation and framed some workers as attempting to exploit the RTW system. RTWCs' positions of power in the coordination process warrant further investigation of how they exercise judgement and discretion, particularly when the process depends on their ability to weigh evidence and manage cases in what might be seen as an objective and fair manner.

Doctoral students from Chinese prestigious universities who wish to work in the government sector: Perceptions and mechanisms

AbstractThis paper addresses the perceptions and mechanisms of doctoral student job decisions regarding the pursuit of careers in the government sector in China. Through the lens of social cognitive career theory (SCCT), we analysed 30 semi‐structured interviews that had been conducted with doctoral students from two prestigious Chinese universities who wish to work as civil servants. This study describes doctoral students' understanding of careers in government employment from the perspectives of work content, promotion channels and professional norms. The mechanisms influencing student career choices include personal goals, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations and environment. The clear goal of political ambition and work–life balance directly drives doctoral students to choose government institutions for employment. The diploma signal of doctoral degree itself and academic training give doctoral students a high sense of self‐efficacy, which is necessary for their choice of employment in the government. Occupational safety, occupational benefits and occupational value constitute the expectations of positive outcomes providing doctoral students with good feedback. In the current environment, the labour market situation and the impetus of universities combine to form a push force and the preferential recruitment policies of the state form a pull force, which jointly promote doctoral students to make decisions to work in government sector. In this paper, the fact that the Chinese government introduced the ‘special selected graduates’ scheme for doctoral students from prestigious universities in hope of recruiting intellectual elites to improve the quality of civil servants and the modernization level of social governance. Universities encourage PhD graduates to enter the government, hoping that this would enhance their social influence and reputation, thereby safeguarding their status as prestigious universities. From an institutional perspective, the process of doctoral students becoming civil servants can be said to be a form of cooperation between the government and universities.

The everyday work of farm advisors as interface bureaucrats in greening French agricultural policies

For the last three decades, public agricultural policies in France and in Europe have progressively integrated environmental objectives through a wide range of instruments. Whereas a large body of research has examined the extent to which the greening of agricultural policies has shaped farmers' decisions and practices, few studies have considered how these normative policy orientations may trigger tensions within the agricultural bureaucratic apparatus, and notably among local farm advisors who play the role of interface bureaucrats. In this article, we have explored how farm advisors from different types of advisory structures develop multiple subjectivities and deal with the tensions that they face when navigating between policy goals, professional norms, and their personal beliefs and values. Drawing on plural qualitative methods, we focus on the implementation of two national public agroecological schemes in southwest France that support the emergence and facilitation of farmers' groups engaged towards agroecology. We find that organizational strategies shape the type of tensions advisors face and their ability to manage these. The type of policy instrument we considered also matters in the forms of creative bricolage that farm advisors develop: in the case of organizational instruments based on farmers' participation, maintaining relationships with farmers is critical to give meaning to their work. If such instruments enlarge the creative space of farm advisors, the schemes we examined also hold in-built limitations in empowering farm advisors as they fail to address the structural constraints that shape agroecological transitions.

Assessing the professionalism of nursing internship students from the perspective of educational instructors students in Namazi Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2021

BackgroundProfessionalism is a multidimensional and evolving structure with has socio-cultural information that affects patient satisfaction, and health care outcomes. An important part of nurses' professional behavior is formed during their student years and through education and learning. The aim of this study was assessing the professionalism in internship nursing student. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The data collection instrument was a nursing professionalism questionnaire that was completed by 2 instructors for 70 final-year nursing students in the internship. Method of sampling used non-probability convenience sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 16, for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistics (mean and percentage) were used to describe demographic characteristics and mean scores of professionalisms and its dimensions. Histograms and the bias-kurtosis and Shapiro–Wilk test were used to evaluate the normality. Comparisons between the two groups were made by independent samples t-test. To compare more groups, the Kruskal–Walli’s test was used. ResultThe findings of this study show that the mean score of professionalism was 75.26(±10.5), the highest mean was related to the dimension of behavior based on professional values and norms (80.36 ± 9.93) and the lowest mean was related to the dimension of professional interactions (75.00 ± 13.72). Students with perfect regular participation in their internship had a significantly higher professionalism score than other students (P-value = .0001). There was no significant relationship between students' gender and score professionalism (P < .571). ConclusionGiven the importance of familiarity of undergraduate students with the concepts of professionalism in theory, providing practical training of these concepts through experienced instructors and role models can be an effective step in developing professionalism in nurses after their graduation.

Аксиолого-деонтологический статус журналиста

As the most recent information and communication technologies (ICT) are incorporated into various areas of life, including journalism, new axiological and deontological dilemmas, ethical disputes, and heated discussions have arisen in the media. To maintain a balance between the advancement of technology andthe defense of citizens' interests, this calls for thoughtful consideration of the renewal and improvement of professional attitudes, legal norms, and ethical principles of journalism, as well as an analysis of the likely outcomes of the dissemination of knowledge-intensive techniques. The axiological-deontological standing of a journalist might legitimately be regarded as the most crucial component of professionalism with the advent of ICT into media practice.

Akuntabilitas Auditor dalam Perspektif Ajaran Karmaphala

The significance of an auditor's accountability is widely recognized in the execution of their professional duties. Numerous auditors encounter significant challenges stemming from the disregard of ethical principles, instances of error, and breaches of professional norms and codes of ethics. The concept of karmaphala, or cause and effect, is recognized in the Hindu religion. This study investigates the concept of auditor accountability via the lens of karmaphala teachings, building upon the aforementioned context. This study employs a qualitative methodology, specifically utilizing a library research strategy. The findings of the study indicate that auditors exhibit heightened diligence in their evaluation of facts, assumptions, and ethical boundaries while applying the karmaphala philosophy. This approach aims to prevent unethical conduct that may have adverse consequences for several stakeholders.

Concept Paper on Perceived Risk and Online Purchase Intentions: The Role of Profession.

The purpose of this study will be to investigate the impact of perceived risk on online purchase intentions among online shoppers in Malaysia, while also examining the role of profession as a moderating factor in this relationship. A quantitative approach will be adopted, utilizing a survey method to collect primary data from individuals who have engaged in online shopping within the preceding three months. The collected data will be subject to analysis employing descriptive statistics and various inferential statistical techniques, including correlation analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA, and t-test. The findings of this study are expected to reveal that perceived risk will hurt online purchase intentions, and that professional identity and norms will moderate this relationship. Moreover, the study will offer implications for online retailers and marketers seeking to target young professionals in Malaysia, with strategies to align products and services to meet their specific needs and expectations. Additionally, these strategies will reduce perceived risk while fostering trust and loyalty among this demographic. Lastly, the study will suggest directions for future research in this area.

Promoting dignity in nursing education – How educators manoeuvre to promote dignity

BackgroundDignity is a core value in nursing. One of the objectives in nursing education is to promote dignity and contribute to the students' discovery of this value. Research shows that dignity in nursing education is threatened, due to lack of attention and an increasing problem with incivility. PurposeThe study aims to explore how nursing educators experience their contribution in promoting dignity in nursing education. MethodFive focus group conversations were conducted with nursing educators, and Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics was chosen as the study's scientific theoretical approach. FindingsThe educators experienced that they promoted dignity by safeguarding the dignity in the nursing profession in general, by promoting the dignity of the nursing students in particular, and through promoting dignity in challenging situations. ConclusionThe study emphasizes the importance of promoting dignity in nursing education. It found that the nursing educators promoted dignity by safeguarding the dignity of both the nursing profession and the nursing students, and by manoeuvring judiciously between these two when there was disharmony between them. By manoeuvring challenging situations using discretion, the ethical demand will be given room. Dignity can then be fulfilled between people in harmony with professional, social and cultural norms, and in that way promote dignity in nursing education.

“Good for me to Leave it for Good”: A Longitudinal Study on How Emotion Labor in Teaching Contributes to a Beginning EFL Teacher's Resignation

AbstractSeldom have studies linked the early‐career teacher attrition problem to teachers' emotion labor, especially with a longitudinal design. Grounded in the poststructural approach, we designed a longitudinal study to investigate qualitatively how a second‐year English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) teacher's emotion labor triggered by implicit feeling rules contributed to her resignation. We interviewed the novice EFL teacher about her experiences of teaching practice and emotion labor. Findings revealed that: (1) The sources of feeling rules could be complex but were mainly institutional wills, professional norms, and social expectations; (2) many factors triggering emotion labor existed in educational institutions, indicating the necessity of institutional reform; (3) the long‐term residual effects of emotion labor led to teacher attrition through the mediation of elevated burnout and decreased teacher wellbeing. Our study considers the teacher's resignation as her resistance to feeling rules and provides empirical evidence for the link between the power imbalance behind emotion labor and early‐career resignation. These findings point to a possible need for institutional support and reform as effective methods to increase teachers' wellbeing and career longevity.

Personal factors of self-governance among security and defence sector personnel in Ukraine (on the example of the National Guard of Ukraine)

The article is devoted to the study of personal factors of self-government of servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine. It has been determined that the general ability to self-governance is an important condition for the effective performance of professional activities in complex and atypical conditions. It has been noted that the formed ability to self-governance implies a positive attitude to oneself based on a high assessment of relevant and practically implemented knowledge, skills and abilities, which provides an attitude to unconditionally overcome a difficult situation and perform the task. Emotional and volitional, intellectual and communicative personal characteristics as substantive components of self-government in the National Guard of Ukraine have been analysed.&#x0D; The article presents the results of an empirical study of emotional and volitional, intellectual and communicative personal characteristics of the servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine. It has been found that the ability to self-governance is associated with conscious adherence to professional norms and values. Their emotional stability allows them to maintain clarity in the vision of the goals of their activities. It has been found that servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine who did not participate in hostilities are more capable of self-government if they are confident in the correctness of what they do and are able to apply the professional knowledge they have acquired in changing circumstances. It has been concluded that the ability to self-governance of the servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine is derived not so much from individual stable communicative, intellectual, emotional and volitional personal characteristics, but depends on the general ability to trust oneself, one's professional knowledge and skills.

Transitioning Thailand: Techno‐professionalism and nation‐building in the transgender entertainment industry

AbstractThe workplace is a key site through which sex and gender are organizationally produced and unequal gender relations take place. Technologies, which are embedded with and impacting gendered power relations, are also integral to work and workplaces worldwide. As nation‐states promote technologies and rebrand themselves, how do technologies catalyze new forms of gendered embodiment and work—and how might this contribute to a nation‐state's development plans and rebranding efforts? How do the intersections between states, labor, and technologies also reify inequalities, both in and beyond workplace settings? Based on 14 months of fieldwork and interviews with 62 participants, this article analyzes how Thai transgender women's work in the entertainment industry simultaneously advances technological growth and national rebranding efforts. In 2016, the Thai state launched “Thailand 4.0,” an economic plan centered on technological growth, alongside efforts to restore its reputation from a sex tourism destination. In this context, Thai transgender entertainers promote what I call “techno‐professionalism,” or professionalism that is not only enhanced by technologies, but that also supports state development plans and rebranding efforts. The concept of techno‐professionalism underscores how technologies figure centrally into new iterations of state development and nation‐branding promoted in global workplaces, adding to our understanding of the linkages between gender, labor, and national development. By highlighting how state development plans intersect with technologies and norms of professionalism, this article reveals how the economy and professions are made up of intimate social relations, including gendered technologies and gendered social roles.

Use of vignettes in an international comparative social work research

The aim of this article is to reflect on the strengths and challenges in qualitative comparative research on personal social services. The specific methodological approach that these reflections emerge from is the application of case vignettes in focus group interviews with social workers, working in different welfare regimes. We describe the process of vignette construction and implementation in focus group interviews, and relate this to findings in a large international project with researchers and data from Chile, Mexico, Norway, Sweden, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Ireland and the UK. Findings reveal that some globally spread professional norms prevail when they are applied locally, while others are more formed through welfare systems with strong contextual norms and legal and socio-economic barriers. Furthermore, the project showed that to use case vignettes and focus groups, in order to compare ‘social work’ in its totality between countries, is really difficult. It appears more fruitful to use such research methods to compare subsectors and sub-disciplines instead of social work as a whole. The strength of the data retrieved from the study is that it makes it possible to separate information on actual practice from information on principles and system norms, thus providing in-practice and on-practice reflections.