Professional Approach Research Articles

Clinicians' use of the structured professional judgement approach for adult secure psychiatric service admission assessments: A systematic review.

The structured professional judgement (SPJ) approach was initially developed to support risk assessment and management decisions. The approach is now being adapted and applied to admission assessments for adult secure services. This systematic review aims to summarise the evidence for the effectiveness and acceptability of the SPJ approach in admission assessments of this kind. A comprehensive electronic search strategy was used to identify studies indexed in PubMed, PsycInfo, Medline and Cochrane Library (January 2007 -January 2024). Two search strategies included terms (and synonyms) for psychiatric patients (quantitative) or clinicians and clinicians' experiences (qualitative), structured professional judgement, admission, and secure services. Twelve quantitative articles (published 2007-2020) were identified. SPJ-informed guidance included were the DUNDRUM-1, DUNDRUM-2, DUNDRUM-3, DUNDRUM-4, and the HCR-20. While findings were variable, the overall pattern indicated that ratings suggestive of more problems were associated with increased likelihood of admission or movement to higher security levels. There is emerging evidence for the use of SPJ guidance to support admission decision-making. Specifically, it should be used as an adjunct to existing decision-making processes rather than as a replacement for those processes. Further research, both quantitative and qualitative, across a wider range of settings and populations is recommended.

Investigating Management and Teacher Professional Development Approaches to Enhance The Excellence of Postgraduate Certificate in Education: A Systematic Review

Investigating Management and Teacher Professional Development Approaches to Enhance The Excellence of Postgraduate Certificate in Education: A Systematic Review

Determinants for the humanitarian workforce in migrant health at the US-Mexico border: optimizing learning from health professionals in Matamoros and Reynosa, Mexico.

Shortages of health professionals is a common problem in humanitarian settings, including among migrants and refugees at the US-Mexico border. We aimed to investigate determinants and recruitment recommendations for working with migrants to better understand how to improve health professional participation in humanitarian efforts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with health professionals working with migrants at the US-Mexico border in Matamoros and Reynosa, Mexico. The study aimed to identify motivations, facilitators, barriers, and sacrifices to humanitarian work, and recommendations for effective learning approaches to increase participation. Participants included health professionals working within humanitarian organizations to deliver healthcare to migrants living in non-permanent encampments. Interviews lasted approximately 45 min and were analyzed in NVivo14 using a validated codebook and team-based methodology. Among 27 participants, most were female (70%) with median age 32. Health professionals included nurses (41%), physicians (30%), logisticians (11%), social workers (7%), an EMT (4%), and a pharmacist (4%) from the US (59%), Mexico (22%), Cuba (11%), Peru (4%), and Nicaragua (4%) working for four organizations. Participants expressed internal motivations for working with migrants, including a desire to help vulnerable populations (78%), past experiences in humanitarianism (59%), and the need to address human suffering (56%). External facilitators included geographic proximity (33%), employer flexibility (30%), and logistical support (26%). Benefits included improved clinical skills (63%), sociocultural learning (63%), and impact for others (58%). Negative determinants included sacrifices such as career obligations (44%), family commitments (41%), and safety risks (41%), and barriers of limited education (44%) and volunteer opportunities (37%). Participants criticized aspects of humanitarian assistance for lower quality care, feeling useless, and minimizing local capacity. Recommendations to increase the health workforce caring for migrants included integration of humanitarian training for health students (67%), collaborations between health institutions and humanitarian organizations (52%), and improved logistical and mental health support (41%). Health professionals from diverse roles and countries identified common determinants to humanitarian work with migrants. Recommendations for recruitment reflected feasible and collaborative approaches for professionals, organizations, and trainees to pursue humanitarian health. These findings can be helpful in designing interventions to address workforce shortages in humanitarian migrant contexts.

Educational framework to train undergraduate medical students in ethics and professionalism in India

As important as it is that medical doctors must possess comprehensive knowledge and desired skills while interacting with their patients, equal importance must be given to a professional approach and ethical conduct by them. Ethics in the medical curriculum has been explicitly stated, but it would not be wrong to state that exposure to medical ethics has been confined to the time frame when Forensic Medicine is delivered to the students. On the other hand, professionalism in the medical curriculum still remains part of the hidden curriculum, and no specific timeframe has been allocated for the training and assessment of professionalism. Realizing the prevailing lacuna in medical colleges with reference to the training in ethics and professionalism, there is an indispensable need to introduce structured training for undergraduate medical students. To conclude, acknowledging the importance of ethics and professionalism in successful clinical practice, there is an immense need to initiate a systematic educational program targeting ethics and professionalism. The proposed educational program is a holistic and systematic initiative to longitudinally expose medical students to the intricacies of medical ethics and practice professional behaviors.

Neuropsicologia, Reabilitação Cognitiva e Dor Crônica: Uma Revisão

Pain is a complex experience, shaped by biological, psychological and social factors. Due to its complexity and subjective component, chronic pain has been the target of psychological research and interventions aimed at promoting mental health, adaptation and the development of coping skills. This paper seeks to explore the interrelationship between neuropsychology, pain and cognitive rehabilitation in individuals experiencing chronic pain. Beyond its impact on daily functioning and mental health, chronic pain can impair attention, memory and executive functions. Consequently, it is necessary for psychologists to adopt a professional approach that goes beyond the subjective understanding of pain. Professionals need to expand their focus in order to better understand the processing of this experience. In addition to the foundational principles of validation and acceptance, which are typical stages of psychotherapy, psychologists working with patients with chronic pain must deepen their practice in pain education and cognitive rehabilitation. Keywords: Chronic pain, neuropsychology, psychological support, rehabilitation in chronic pain, cognitive rehabilitation

Abordagem profissional e o comportamento suicida na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Abstract Objective To describe the professional approach to people with suicidal behavior in Primary Health Care and its associations with the sociodemographic, educational and occupational variables of health workers. Methods Cross-sectional study of 192 health professionals from 20 Basic Health Units in a municipality in greater São Paulo. A questionnaire for sociodemographic, educational and occupational characterization was applied, as well as the instrument for Evaluating Professional’s Assistance to People with Suicidal Behavior. The results were presented using measures of central tendency and dispersion, and parametric and non-parametric tests were used in the analysis, considering the nature of the variables. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results There was a predominance of females, average age of 43.27 years, higher education, and average working time of 10.71 years. The higher scores were reached in the Professional Sensibility and Knowledge/Abilities domains. Lower scores were obtained for Professional Experience and Organization of the Care Network, demonstrating frailty in the professional performance and in network coordination needed in the approach to suicidal behavior. Age, working time in the unit and the frequency of treatment of populations at risk for suicidal behavior were associated with scores in Professional Sensibility, Experience and Knowledge/Abilities. Conclusion Sensibility, knowledge and abilities of Primary Care health professionals contribute to the approach to suicidal behavior, associated with occupational and educational characteristics. Professional experience and Organization of the care network reveal the weaknesses in the coordination necessary to approach suicidal behavior, indicating paths for training and work in health.

Evaluation of postoperative complications after removal of mandibular third molar by conventional bur technique and lingual split technique

ABSTRACT Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect and safety including postoperative outcomes in the extraction of impacted mandibular third molar by conventional bur technique and lingual split technique. Methods, Selection Criteria, and Search Strategy: A total of 40 healthy individuals, both male and female, aged from 18 to 40 years, underwent surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia in a single session. An intensive electronic search was conducted on Google, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Directory of Open Access Journals, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane Central online databases from their respective inception dates to November 2020. Initially, the search criteria included the terms: ((mandibular OR lower) AND (third molar OR wisdom) AND lingual split). The following outcomes were investigated: pain, swelling, trismus, and dry socket on the first day before surgery, the second (post 24 h), and on the seventh day. Results and Observations: The present retrospective comparative study evaluates the postoperative complications after the removal of the third molar. A total of 40 subjects of either sex were randomized to be treated either with the conventional bur technique (Group A) or the lingual split technique (Group B). The ages of Groups A and B ranged from 19 to 40 years and from 19 to 42 years, respectively, with a mean ± SD of 26.20 ± 6.01 and 27.15 ± 6.21 years, respectively. The mean age of Group B was slightly higher than Group A. Comparing the mean age of the two groups, t-test revealed similar (P > 0.05) age between the two groups (26.20 ± 6.01 vs. 27.15 ± 6.21, t = 0.49; P = 0.626). The subjects in both groups were age-matched, suggesting that age may have had minimal influence on the outcome measures (swelling, trismus, and pain). Conclusion: In the realm of mandibular third molar (M3) extraction, it is acknowledged that this surgical procedure can present challenges, and there exists a diversity of professional approaches between dentists and oral surgeons. Prior to determining a treatment course for each M3, it is imperative to possess a comprehensive understanding of the pertinent anatomical structures, including the inferior dental and lingual nerves. Additionally, a thorough clinical assessment and the utilization of radiographic imaging are essential for carefully evaluating each case and balancing the advantages and disadvantages of various treatment plans. Timely removal of the third molar (tooth M3) can significantly reduce the adverse complications associated with delayed extraction.

Aborted Women's Feelings and Experiences with Abortion: A Qualitative Study

Objective: This study aimed to reveal the feelings and experiences of women who had abortions based on their own experiences. Method: The qualitatively designed study was conducted with 11 women who applied to a Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul for abortion and met the inclusion criteria. The data were collected by the researchers with an 11-question participant information form and a semistructured interview form consisting of five questions. Results: The themes obtained from the research were determined as "The meaning of abortion", "The meaning attributed to the abortion decision", "Family and social support", "Community attitude" and "Attitude of healthcare professionals". Conclusion: Women who have had abortions are influenced by the perspective of society, religious values, and the approach of health professionals. There is a need to develop procedures that will positively affect women's abortion experiences.

Інформаційна технологія оцінювання теплоізоляції багатошарових стін

In today's conditions, the problem of insulation of surfaces is very relevant for wide circles of the population of Ukraine. Everyone knows that surface insulation allows to reduce heat transfer due to the use of materials with low thermal conductivity. In the absence of permanent heating, the issue of thermal insulation of cylindrical pipes is very relevant. The issue of insulation selection and structural design requires a complex and professional approach. To calculate the problem of thermal insulation, a specialist needs to have a toolkit for calculating the temperature field and saving the obtained results for further analysis. The work presents the developed information technology that allows a specialist to calculate the temperature field for multilayer cylindrical pipes. The object-oriented programming language C# and the Microsoft Visual Studio integrated development environment were used to build the IT toolkit. It should be noted that when making calculations, there is no need to specify the characteristics of pipe and insulation materials, since all data is stored in the IT database. The object-relational database management system - PostgreSQL was used to build the data module. After the calculations, all the built calculation models and the received numerical models of the results are also stored in the database. This allows you not to recalculate if necessary, but to use the data that is already available. To analyze the results, the developed toolkit allows you to plot temperature changes of a multilayer wall. At the same time, the user selects the necessary calculation models independently from IT database data. The DirectX three-dimensional graphics development tool package is used for visual representation of numerical model calculations. The authors developed an algorithm for constructing a color temperature field according to the calculations. Red is chosen for the highest field temperature, and blue for the lowest temperature. A feature of the proposed information technology is that its functionality allows three users with different levels of access to work with the toolkit: a database administrator, a mathematical model construction engineer, and a numerical model analysis specialist.

Confidence-based Syntax encoding network for better ancient Chinese understanding

While neural-based models continue to make rapid strides, syntax remains a foundational element in the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly in the context of Chinese language understanding. However, there exists a significant gap in research that integrates syntactic information for the understanding of ancient Chinese, primarily due to the lack of high-quality syntactic annotations. This paper explores the untapped potential of syntax to enhance ancient Chinese understanding, leveraging the “not-so-perfect” noisy syntax trees generated by unsupervised derivations and modern Chinese syntax parsers. To achieve this, we introduce a novel syntax encoding component: the confidence-based syntax encoding network (cSEN). This component is tailored to mitigate the side-effects arising from the noise associated with unsupervised syntax derivations and the incompatibility between ancient and modern Chinese. We validate the importance of syntax information and the efficacy of our cSEN through experimental tasks, specifically ancient poetry theme classification and ancient–modern Chinese translation. Our findings suggest that proper implementation of syntactic information can effectively enhance model understanding of ancient Chinese. The introduced cSEN proves vital in noise-rich environments, potentially revolutionizing the way information professionals approach and utilize ancient Chinese texts.

“Light through Life”– an inter-disciplinary long-term integrated health promotion programme for overweight and obese people

Introduction/Background: In 2019, around half of the Austrian adult population was overweight or obese, and this has only worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. While research is clear that sustainable weight loss needs a long-term and holistic approach to support lifestyle changes and address the underlying causes of overweight and obesity, most weight loss programmes offer only short-term and single intervention solutions, with a focus on either raising physical activity or changing nutritional habits. To raise the potential for success and translate research into practice, the Austrian Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries developed “Light through Life”, a long-term integrated health promotion programme, which started in January 2022.
 Who is it for? The programme was developed by an interdisciplinary team of the social insurance fund and is offered to their adult insurees, who are overweight or obese. They can register themselves, be transferred by their GP or continue after other health promotion and rehabilitation programmes offered by the social insurance fund. The programme itself consists of three phases, which are designed to progressively enable participants to not only manage their weight, but self-sufficiently design their own healthy lifestyle. Regular monitoring, participant feedback and an independent evaluation ensure that a continuous improvement process takes into account the needs of the participants and adjust the programme accordingly.
 What did you do? “Light through Life” aims to strengthen health literacy and self-management skills of the participants by focussing on four themes: clinical aspects, physical activity, nutrition, and mental health. In addition they receive ongoing support through prevention coordinators. The first phase is a 6-months intensive basic programme, which combines face to face lectures with practical classes covering the four topics. The focus is on creating an understanding of what influences their health and thus their weight and how to manage it differently. The participants learn in groups to create a community of practice. The programme encourages participants to set their own goals and monitor them. In the second phase, the year- long “Pro” programme the support offered changes to coaching and more person-focussed training. In this phase, participants should be able to manage themselves, with thematic workshops and trainings reinforcing the learned content or addressing specific needs. Participation throughout the programme is voluntary.
 What results did you get? What impact did you have? The programme was introduced with an independent evaluation in place. The evaluation uses a mixed methods approach, analysing both process and outcome measures for participants and professionals. The comprehensive quantitative data collected through regular clinical examinations and an extensive lifestyle questionnaire will enable a better understanding of which elements work and which need improvement. A first, preliminary analysis of the baseline data and after 6 months shows weight and waist circumference reductions in all groups safe obese men (above BMI of 36). More detailed analyses also including mental health and e.g. the urban-rural divide will be available for the conference.
 With a comprehensive analysis of the first year of the programme, recommendations will be formulated.
 
 

Enhancing the Adult and Paediatric Palliative Care System: Spanish Professionals' and Family Caregivers' Suggestions for Comprehensive Improvement.

This research critically explores deficiencies in the palliative care system, focusing on evaluation and treatment aspects for both adult and paediatric patients. Using a qualitative methodology, the study engages healthcare professionals and family caregivers to uncover perspectives on the existing state of palliative care. Conducted through three focus groups and a semi-structured in-depth interview with participants recruited from Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, this research illustrates critical issues, highlighting the insufficient healthcare workforce and resources to meet the comprehensive needs of patients and their families. Recommendations include holistic care addressing social, emotional, psychological, socio-familiar, and economic dimensions, supported by embedded support groups and the enforcement of relationships with palliative associations. This study also advocates for improved health institutional coordination, social worker support, and ongoing health professional satisfaction monitoring. In paediatric care, specific demands involve specialised units, medical team continuity, 24 h paediatrician care, and a more professional paediatric approach. Beyond problem identification, this study offers valuable insights for shaping health policies and tools, incorporating new indicators and introducing grief bereavement support in clinical reports, contributing to the advancement of patient evaluation in palliative care.

MultiFusedNet: A Multi-Feature Fused Network of Pretrained Vision Models via Keyframes for Student Behavior Classification

This research proposes a deep learning method for classifying student behavior in classrooms that follow the professional learning community teaching approach. We collected data on five student activities: hand-raising, interacting, sitting, turning around, and writing. We used the sum of absolute differences (SAD) in the LUV color space to detect scene changes. The K-means algorithm was then applied to select keyframes using the computed SAD. Next, we extracted features using multiple pretrained deep learning models from the convolutional neural network family. The pretrained models considered were InceptionV3, ResNet50V2, VGG16, and EfficientNetB7. We leveraged feature fusion, incorporating optical flow features and data augmentation techniques, to increase the necessary spatial features of selected keyframes. Finally, we classified the students’ behavior using a deep sequence model based on the bidirectional long short-term memory network with an attention mechanism (BiLSTM-AT). The proposed method with the BiLSTM-AT model can recognize behaviors from our dataset with high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores of 0.97, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively. The overall accuracy was 96.67%. This high efficiency demonstrates the potential of the proposed method for classifying student behavior in classrooms.

Transforming Animal Husbandry: Leveraging Herd Management, Automation and Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Productivity and Sustainability

Herd management in livestock enterprises is a complex business endeavor that demands technical expertise, vigilant attention to animal health and welfare, quality assurance, and the monitoring of worker productivity and well-being. It necessitates the evaluation of diverse data through a well-defined logic and demands a professional approach for precise decision-making. As a result, herd management systems, automation, and artificial intelligence applications have progressively become indispensable tools on livestock farms. These applications play a pivotal role in ensuring the sustainability and profitability of production in both the short and long term, given the perpetual nature of this cycle. This article explores the evolution and benefits of herd management systems, automation, and artificial intelligence applications as advanced technologies in animal husbandry enterprises from the past to the present.

Optimization of Business Organizational Communications Between the University and Governmental and Administration Bodies in the Context of the RBM Methodology

The relevance of the article. In the modern information era, strategic communications management has become one of the conditions for competitiveness and effective development of any organization. Thanks to improved communication processes, social institutions make a significant leap in the direction of improving management, interaction with various audiences and interested parties in solving strategic tasks. There is also an increase in the intensity of organizational communications, which are now necessary for the effective operation of commercial and government structures.
 Organizational communications help enterprises and organizations interact more effectively with the environment by exchanging information. Representatives of various fields of activity become participants in organizational communications, and they include various forms of business communication. The relevance of this problem is determined by the fact that modern organizational communications are already an independent management function, the effective implementation of which is possible only under the condition of a professional approach. The effectiveness of organizational communications is a guarantee of success for all organizations and institutions, especially for those with a wide branched branch structure.
 The purpose of the article — to analyze the main aspects and advantages of the RESULTS BASED MANAGEMENT (RBM) methodology, to consider the current directions of organizational communications between the educational institution and local authorities and management in the context of the modern information age, to outline the ways of using the tools of the RBM methodology to optimize organizational communications between the university and authorities.
 The methodology. Analytical method, methods of description, comparison and generalization were applied in the research process.
 The results. The essence and basic principles of the RBM methodology are described. The specifics, forms, ways and methods of communication in the context of the RBM methodology are outlined. The issue of active participants in external communications was considered. An algorithm for building a detailed scheme of external communications is provided, and a kind of map of all authorities and management bodies interested in communication is created. A table with a list of communication formats (information interaction) has been developed for each local authority and management. The expediency of choosing a communication format is specified.
 The scientific novelty. In this study, for the first time, an algorithm for optimizing external communications between the university and local authorities and management in the context of the RBM methodology is proposed.
 The practical significance. Research materials and conclusions can be used for the development of information and communication strategies of universities and the optimization of communication policies in the work of public authorities and management.
 Conclusions. The practical application of the methodology of results-based management (Results-Based Management) is extremely relevant in the cooperation of university institutions with authorities and local administration, since it is precisely such interactions that currently require development, planning, implementation and monitoring.
 Communications, information campaigns, interaction and cooperation with institutions and stakeholders play a key role in this methodology.

Investigating the borders of autism spectrum disorder: lessons from the former diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis is relatively consensual in typical forms. The margins of the spectrum and their degree of extension, however, are controversial. This has far-reaching implications, which extend beyond theoretical considerations: first, peripheral forms of autism are more prevalent than central forms; second, we do not know how relevant typical-targeted recommendations are for atypical forms. In DSM-IV-TR, these margins of autism were studied within the category of Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). In spite of its low reliability, this former diagnosis was of particular interest to shed light on the gray area of margins. The aim of this systematic is therefore to investigate the clinical characteristics of PDD-NOS in comparison with Autistic Disorder. A stepwise systematic PRISMA literature review was conducted by searching PubMed and Web Of Science databases to select corresponding studies. The systematic review included 81 studies comprising 6,644 children with PDD-NOS. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies comparing PDD-NOS and AD showed that PDD-NOS corresponds to milder form of autism with less impact and less associated disorder, with the exception of schizophrenia and mood disorder. Our review challenges initial views of PDD-NOS, and shows the clinical relevance of this diagnosis when dealing with the margins of autism, and the de facto diversity included in the spectrum. However, in view of the many limitations of PDD-NOS (low reliability, instability through time, low acceptability), we suggest taxonomic changes in DSM-5: we introduce a new category based on three main dimensions related to socialization impairment, emotional lability and psychotic symptoms. Our review argues for a distinction between AD and PDD-NOS on clinical characteristics and thus highlights the need to study the margins of autism. While the limitations of the PDD-NOS category made it irrelevant to investigate these margins from a research perspective, we believe that a multidimensional approach for mental health professionals taping socialization, emotion lability and psychotic symptoms would be interesting. Our review therefore encourage future studies to test relevant criteria for a new category and possibly identify developmental trajectories, specific interventions and treatments.

PORTRAYING HOW GENRE-BASED APPROACH WAS EMPLOYED BY EFL TEACHER UNDER KURIKULUM MERDEKA

Merdeka Curriculum is a newly implemented curriculum in Indonesia, making it an important topic for discussion, particularly regarding the teaching approaches. However, there is limited research related to this matter. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the teaching approaches employed under Merdeka Curriculum. This qualitative research adopts a study design and involves observation. The data are gathered from an English teacher in one of the junior high schools that has implemented Merdeka Curriculum. The findings indicate that the teacher implemented the Genre-based Approach in the EFL classroom, which is recognized by Merdeka Curriculum. However, it was found that one crucial stage known as the Joint Construction of the Text (JCoT) was missing in the implementation, and the teacher did not provide feedback to students. Therefore, it is important for teachers to incorporate various pedagogical strategies. These include visualization techniques, instructional house training, collaborative lesson study, and evidence-based professional development approaches like attending genre-based teaching workshops or seminars. By integrating these measures into their teaching repertoire, teachers can optimize their instructional practices and create a more motivating learning environment for students.

Training assessment: prevention of major accidents through the approach of proactive safety, risks, and emergencies (APSRE)

This article presents Training Assessment: Prevention of Major Accidents through the Approach of Proactive Safety, Risks, and Emergencies (APSRE), for senior, full, junior, and undergraduate professionals and university graduate and postgraduate students, with the aim of improving the way thinking about a Proactive Safety Environment. With the development of research on Risk Management and the conception of the Proactive Safety Approach, with the aim of preventing major accidents and the damage arising from these events, the need to train people in organizations was verified, to support the survey and research of information, warning signs, analysis of proactive safety demands, planning, and development of actions, for the prevention of these major accidents, which are historically recurrent. The training for this course is made up of four free online consultation modules and is hosted on the Internet. The course presents in Module 1, an introductory basis, in Module 2, the theory of accidents, in Module 3, case studies of major accidents in the world, and in Module 4, activities and exercises to prevent and mitigate these major accidents. After the creation of this course, training was developed individually and in classes. In total, 12 classes of the Risk Management and Major Accident Prevention Course were trained, around 250 people in the class format, and around 50 people individually, totaling 300 people. The qualification of the Course Management of Risks and Prevention of Major Accidents, according to the validation presented in this article, can be used to meet different profiles, for senior professionals with knowledge in this subject, the qualification can be propitious for debates and reflections, for the full levels, training can be conducive to deepening the concepts and proposals, for junior levels and students, training can provide an initial base of learning for development in Risk Management and Major Accident Prevention. Conventional risk assessments can be reassessed, due to the contents presented in this article, and the Approach of Proactive Safety, Risks, and Emergencies (APSRE) through the presented framework, can be used to supplement conventional risk assessments.

‘It Will Be a Ripple Effect:’ Coaches Cultivating Teacher Leadership for Inclusive Education through Professional Learning Communities

Traditional approaches to professional development for inclusive education narrowly frame inclusive education as a special education reform. Such approaches emphasize technical practices rather than surfacing and disrupting harmful ideologies that normalize the segregation of students with disabilities. Alternatively, there is potential for a transformative ripple effect for inclusive education when professional development prioritizes the critical inquiry, collaboration, and collective action of teacher leaders. Professional learning communities offer a model for professional development through which teacher leaders can cultivate the tools and support needed for taking action for inclusive education in their own contexts. Coaches are uniquely positioned as advocates and teacher leaders who can facilitate such professional development. This action research study explored how four inclusive education coaches (1) worked to cultivate a professional learning community for developing inclusive teacher leaders in response to the needs of their district and (2) reflected on the impact of this professional development to plan for their ongoing support of the district’s inclusive teacher leaders. The findings highlight the importance of professional learning communities as a professional development approach for supporting the collaboration and agency for teacher leaders for inclusive education.

Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of and Experiences With Professional Development Approaches for Enhancing Clinical Documentation.

Little is known about how athletic trainers (ATs) learn clinical documentation, but previous studies have identified that ATs have a need for more educational resources specific to documentation. To obtain ATs' perspectives on learning clinical documentation. Qualitative study. Web-based audio interviews. Twenty-nine ATs who completed 2 different continuing education (CE) clinical documentation modules. Participants averaged 36.2 ± 9.0 years of age and included 16 women and 13 men representing 21 US states and 8 clinical practice settings. Participants were recruited from a group of ATs who completed 1 of 2 web-based CE clinical documentation modules. Within 3 weeks of completing the educational modules, participants were interviewed regarding their perceptions of how they learn clinical documentation, including their experiences completing the modules. Using the Consensual Qualitative Research approach, 3 researchers and 1 internal auditor inductively analyzed the data during 5 rounds of consensus coding. Trustworthiness measures included multianalyst triangulation, data source triangulation, and peer review. Two themes emerged from the data, including (1) mechanisms of learning documentation and (2) benefits of the educational modules. Athletic trainers primarily learn documentation through professional education and workforce training, but training appears to be inconsistent. Participants perceived that both educational modules were effective at increasing their knowledge and confidence related to learning documentation. The CE modules incited a growth mindset and intention to change behavior. Athletic trainers are satisfied with web-based CE learning experiences specific to clinical documentation and may benefit from more CE offered in these formats. Educators are encouraged to integrate clinical documentation principles throughout the curriculum during both didactic and clinical education. Workforce training is also valuable for improving knowledge and skills related to clinical documentation, and employers should onboard and support ATs as they start new positions.