Profession Of Public Trust Research Articles

Deontologia profesjonalnego działania w zawodach pomocowych w świetle analizy kodeksów etycznych

Helping professions, zawody zaufania publicznego to niewątpliwie materia wyjątkowa i skomplikowana ze względu na doniosłość realizowanych potrzeb i interesów drugiego człowieka – klienta, beneficjenta, ucznia, pacjenta. Wydaje się, iż z ogromną odpowiedzialnością wiąże się objęcie pewnego rodzaju opieką i pomocą podmiotu, który jest słabszy i tym samym narażony na daleko idące konsekwencje w postaci podwójnego wykluczenia społecznego w przypadku podjęcia niewłaściwych działań pomocowych.
 Prezentowany artykuł wpisuje się w aktualną, społecznie ważną interdyscyplinarną dyskusję o deontologii profesjonalnego pomagania. Przedstawiona analiza wybranych kodeksów etycznych dostarcza wiedzy na temat wspólnych cech czy też podstaw aksjologicznych w zawodach pomocowych, a w konsekwencji wskazuje na obowiązki etyczno-moralne łączące osoby zaufania publicznego w ich codziennych działaniach.

Konstytucyjne podstawy statusu farmaceutów jako zawodu zaufania publicznego

Konstytucyjne podstawy statusu farmaceutów jako zawodu zaufania publicznego

Criminal liability for performing laboratory diagnostics without necessary authority

The laboratory diagnostician’s profession is classified as the so-called professions of public trust. One of their features is limiting access to the profession through, among others, determining specific qualifications, education and skills, verified by appropriate bodies in the legal procedure, and awarded with so-called right to practice. The purpose of this procedure is allowing professional activities to be carried out only by persons who will guarantee their necessary quality. This requirement is particularly important in the case of medical employees, whose activities determine the life and health of patients. The Polish legislator secured the implementation of these requirements by means of the penal code. In art. 71 of the Act on laboratory diagnostics, a prohibited act has been described, which included performing laboratory diagnostic activities by a person who does not possess the authority do so. This is called a halved act, i.e. depending on the degree of social harm, may be considered an offense (section 1) or felony (section 2). This article discusses the terms of criminal liability for this act, including the circumstances qualifying it as a felony, in the form of actions to obtain a financial advantage or misleading as to the possession of authority. It explains who could be the perpetrator of this act and why the protection of criminal law was restricted only to activities performed in the laboratory. Penalties and criminal measures that can be imposed for this act, as well as the procedure for its prosecution, were also indicated. Deficiencies of this regulation and proposals for its amendment are also presented. The argument has been enriched by judicial decisions illustrating the presented theses.

Architekt jako synergetyk

W artykule przedstawiono krytyczną analizę zmieniającego się w czasie zakresu działania i statusu architekta, ze zwróceniem uwagi na obecną sytuację w Polsce. Witruwiański Architectus zakresem działania sięgał od planowania miast po budowanie zegarów; obowiązywała go cała wiedza inżynierska. Architektura traktowana była jako Matka Sztuk. Owocem syntezy sztuk był dziewiętnastowieczny Gesamtkunstwerk. Jeszcze Żórawski (1961) pisał o organicznej więzi architektury z innymi sztukami. Le Corbusier (1929) definiował architekturę jako grę brył w świetle. Dzisiaj ogarnięcie całości dyscypliny przez pojedynczą osobę jest niemożliwe. Zawód architekta zaczął się rozszczepiać i specjalizować. Z architektów wyrośli urbaniści, konstruktorzy, architekci krajobrazu, ekologowie, ostatnio nawet pośrednicy między interesariuszami (użytkownikami i zespołem projektowym) służący behawioralnej interwencji publicznej – wszyscy z architekturą powiązani. Do niezbędnego zakresu analizy doszły zagadnienia środowiskowe wszelkiego rodzaju (przyrodnicze, społeczne, zawodowe, prawne), ekologiczne i ekonomiczne. Samo projektowanie otrzymało komputerowe narzędzia koordynacyjne, modelujące, kreślarskie i prezentacyjne. Zarysowano proces zmian w okresie 2014-2018 w dotyczącym kształtowania przestrzeni polskim ustawodawstwie. Przedstawiono pozycję architekta w Polsce dzisiaj, który jako urbanista, został zdelegalizowany (2014), jako architekt istnieje w izbie samorządu, ale nie panuje nad innymi sztukami. W ustawie Kodeks Urbanistyczno-Budowlany (2017) nie wspomina się architekta. Praktyka budowania potwierdza zaniechanie synergicznego rozumienia zawodu, upadek twórczości i odpowiedzialności moralnej przedstawicieli nominalnie zawodu zaufania publicznego. Samo słowo „architektura” używane jest dziś przez dziennikarzy w skrajnie negatywnych określeniach dotyczących sytuacji politycznych czy gospodarczych, co wypacza istotę rozumienia pojęcia architektura. Przywrócenie niezbędnej synergetyczności działaniom w przestrzeni według autora wymaga prawnie umocowanej i skutecznie realizowanej partycypacji świadomych obywateli tworzących społeczeństwo obywatelskie jako partnera w dialogu niezbędnym dla uzyskania jakości.

Polskie i europejskie standardy wykonywania wolnych zawodów

For some time Poland has been debating the issue of the existence and functioning of professional corporations. This debate concerns only those professions that are deemed professions of public trust and which have been granted the privilege of developing their respective professional self-governing bodies. European solutions for regulating the issue of such professions are varied and have attracted the attention of the European Union. Contemplating the evolution of the Polish political system in the field of self-governing bodies it is worth paying attention to the European standards regulating the functioning of free professions, which include what are considered professions of public trust in Poland. The said regulations set certain standards for the Polish regulator to be followed and implemented.

Medical professions in Poland – selected legal aspects

Abstract This article is a voice in the discussion of legal problems related to understanding the concept of a medical profession. The considerations were divided into three main parts. In the first one, the concept of “medical profession” was reconstructed and problems in the classification of particular professions to the category of medical professions were pointed out. Not every medical profession is characterized by the quality of public trust, although due to the good that medical professions are dealing with, such a state would most likely be the most desired one. In the second part of the text, based on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal, the features determining the recognition that a given profession is a profession of public trust were indicated. These remarks were related to medical professions. The content of the third part is a consequence of the fact that it is difficult to precisely establish a catalog of medical professions. The practical significance of the lack of systemic solutions in defining a medical profession is given in the example of tax law, in the scope of the exemption from the Goods and Services Tax.

Midwife’s professional functions prescribed by the law

Abstract A midwife is an independent medical profession regulated by law. It is treated as a mission, a profession of public trust. The independence of midwife expresses in the professional activities which are performed in accordance with professional competences. Moreover, it is a universal feature of the midwife profession. International and national regulations are important in process of shaping the legal status of the midwife profession. Due to its nature, this profession requires from the midwives continuous, lifelong learning and professional improvement. National and European legislation on midwife profession indicates professional functions which are characteristic for this profession. Knowledge of professional legislation and its conscious application in professional practice is a basic obligation in the midwife’s practice. Lack of knowledge in this regard has serious legal and moral consequences, as well as might pose a risk to the patient safety. This study contains an analysis of the legislation that determine the professional functions of midwives and influence the rules of the professional performance for midwifery profession.

An image of nurses and nursing in Poland in the media and in the opinion of various social groups. Systematic review of scientific literature from the years 2010-2017

Abstract Introduction. Nursing is a profession of public trust with a fairly high position in various rankings examining the prestige of professions. Aim. Analysis of published research results on the image of nurses and nursing in Poland in the media and in the opinion of various social groups. Material and methods. A systematic review of Polish scientific literature from the years 2010-2017 was undertaken. A multi-stage search process was carried out in accordance with the adopted inclusion criteria, and then articles identified and accepted were subjected to a qualitative analysis. Results. Searching the Google Scholar database by accepted key words resulted in 10,663 records. After analyzing the titles and abstracts of these papers, 19 articles were subjected to further analysis. As a result of searching journals included in the Arianta database according to established key words, 10 articles were identified, 8 of which were qualified for further analysis. After removing duplicates, 17 articles were approved for the final analysis. Qualitative analysis of the research results published in these papers allowed to distinguish the following categories: an image of nurses and nursing in various social groups, elements of nurses’ image in the media and society, actions aiming at improving the image of nurses and nursing in Poland, changes in the image of nurses and nursing in Poland over the years and the direction of these changes. Conclusions. The issue of an image of nurses and nursing in the media and in the society has been a frequent subject of research of nurses in Poland in the recent years. These studies concern primarily opinions on the image of nurses and nursing, factors which determine the image of nurses and nursing in Poland, constitutive elements of the image, the possibility of improving the image and people/ institutions responsible for it.

Obowiązek zachowania tajemnicy adwokackiej jako okoliczność uzasadniająca odmowę zeznań w trybie art. 180 § 2 k.p.k.

The paper is devoted to the institution of refusal to testify by a witness in criminal proceedings with indication to the obligation to keep the advocate’s professional secrecy. The refusal itself, though it constitutes an obstacle to the reaching of the material truth, stems from the special character of the profession of an advocate which belongs to the group of the so-called professions of public trust. The paper stresses the ambiguous relationship between corporation regulations and the provisions of the Polish Code of Criminal Proceedings from 1997 and two forms of the secrecy are distinguished, i.e. the strict attorney’s secrecy and the secrecy of the legal defence. The imprecise conditions for releasing a person from the advocate’s secrecy on the basis of Art. 180 § 2 of the Code of Criminal Proceedings have been criticised.

ROLA EDUKACYJNA STOWARZYSZENIA KSIĘGOWYCH W POLSCE PO DEREGULACJI ZAWODU KSIĘGOWEGO

Due to the commonly perceived need to specialize in one professional activity, the role of education is increasing. This includes accounting specializations which are important as professions of public trust. In connection with such expectations, the role of education among professional groups of accounting professionals at all levels is increasing. The article presents the educational requirements for the professional specialization on accounting against the IFAC International Education Standards and in the context of the deregulation of the accountancy professions in Poland. As a solution to the problems of appropriate education, the role of the Accountants Association in Poland (AAP) was pointed out, based on the courses provided by it, aimed at not only improving the qualifications of the individuals who are involved in accounting professionally, but also on the supporting ethics. The courses taught were analyzed in across-section of their participants in the years 2013-2016. The method adopted to achieve the intended purpose was the analysis of the available literature, the laws in force and the sources provided by the AAP. On the basis of the research, it was found that despite the absence of mandatory professional certification for accounting and bookkeeping, the professionals in this area do see the need for continuous education and take diverse action to raise the quality of the services they provide.

Przewinienie zawodowe farmaceuty. Uwagi w kontekście zawodu farmaceuty i statusu samorządu zawodowego

The aim of the paper is to discuss professional misconduct on the basis of doctrine and jurisdiction. Furthermore, such an approach to the subject draws special attention to the imprecise scope of this term by reference to a pharmacist as a free profession and a profession of public trust, as well as obligatory membership of professional self-government in the context of rights and duties. Professional responsibility of a pharmacist is indispensably connected with obligatory membership of professional self-government. The professional self-government is assigned two duties: the first one pertains to supervision which should encompass evaluation of the way the profession is practised, as well as ethical attitudes. The other duty refers to being guided by the public interest which must be protected as a priority, in connection with obligatory membership of professional self-government. The specific features of conduct with respect to professional responsibility of pharmacists demand compliance with high standards which are indispensably connected with membership of a professional association.

Nadawanie uprawnień zawodowych w zakresie szacowania nieruchomości

Empowerment in terms of the real estate evaluationIn Polish jurisprudence we can distinguish two specific groups of professions: the liberal profes­sions and the professions of public trust. The profession of the real estate appraiser for sure may be ranked as aliberal profession. Nevertheless, there is no certainty if this profession may be ranked as a profession of public trust. Qualification of the real estate appraisers to this second group of pro­fessions could be areason to justify achange of the existing regulation concerning empowerment in terms of the real estate evaluation. Therefore there is aneed to determine the legal status of the real estate appraiser profession and to judge the regulations which concern empowerment in terms of real estate evaluation.

Nursing as a profession of public trust - young people’s opinion

Introduction. Introduction. Nursing as a profession of public trust is being continuously evaluated by the recipients of nursing services due to the nature of their activities, functions, the responsibility and the applicable moral and ethical standards. The quality and effects of nursing activities have an impact on the public opinion about the entire group of nursing professionals. The perception of this profession among young people is also crucial with regard to their educational choices. Aim of the Study. The objective of the study has been to identify the opinions of young people on nursing as a profession of public trust. Material and Methodology. The study was carried out among 116 students of secondary schools and non-medical higher education institutions in Lublin. The diagnostic survey research method was applied with the use of the questionnaire prepared by the author. The statistical analysis was performed based on the Pareto method, which allows arranging the collected data according to the selected criteria. Results. All the surveyed were of the opinion that the nursing profession holds a great social significance and is needed due to the nature of the performed professional tasks. Most of the respondents claimed that nursing enjoys public trust and therefore should belong to the group of professions of public trust. The survey results and the analysis carried out using the Pareto method have demonstrated that the major characteristics conditioning public trust are a caring attitude, responsibility, professionalism, attentiveness, empathy, patience and communicativeness. Conclusions. According to the surveyed young people, nursing enjoys trust and belongs to professions of public trust. The factors determining the social position of nurses are: education, remuneration, responsibility for the life and health of other people and appreciation among patients.

History of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics in Poland

Background: Medical laboratory diagnostics in Poland has a long history, however there is lack of studies in this field. Main Findings: The first clinical laboratories on ethnic Polish territory were founded in the mid. 19 th Century. After the World War I, rapid development of laboratories in Poland, similar to pan-European trends, occurred. During the World War II many laboratory professionals were killed and laboratory infrastructures were destroyed or severely damaged. In the post-WW II period, during the communist era, the development of laboratory diagnostics in Poland was not significant due to the lack of access to the latest western technologies. However, some unique solutions to some problems were developed. For example, special M.Sc. studies for laboratory staff were introduced. Towards the end of the 20 th Century, in the postcommunist era, significant development of private laboratories was observed with subsequent integration into several companies. In Poland, laboratory diagnostician is a profession of public trust and over 14,000 professionals are registered in The Polish Chamber of Laboratory Diagnosticians. Conclusions: The history of medical laboratories in Poland reflects the development of this key element of healthcare. The recent history has several unique and valuable solutions as teaching laboratory staff in specific medical colleges and organizing them in associations of professionals.