Oilseed Production Research Articles

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ОЛІЙНО-ЖИРОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ

In the article is defined the essence of the organizational and economic mechanism. The main tasks of the organizational and economic mechanism of managing of the development of enterprises of the oil and fat complex at the national and regional levels, as well as at the level of a separate business entity are formed. It is proved that the need for the formation of organizational and economic mechanism of managing of the development of enterprises of the oil and fat complex is due to the disagreed of cross-sectoral links at all stages of the oil and product chain. It is determined that the organizational and economic mechanism of managing of the development of oil and fat complexes is a totality of organizational forms, administrative, economic and socio-psychological methods and management tools through which are done the regulation of organizational, technological and socio-economic relation for the purpose of realize the interests of subjects of these relations. The dynamics of the volume of production of major oilseeds in Ukraine is analyzed. Proposed and justified the feasibility of establishing a regional cluster of production of the organic high-oleic sunflower oil in the Odessa region, by which is meant as a voluntary association of companies and other organizational structures within the oil and fat industry that leading joint activities for the production of organic high oleic sunflower oil. Specificity of functioning of regional cluster from the production of organic high-olein sunflower-seed oil consists in that with satisfaction of economic interests of one participant efficiency of activity rises all other, and as a synergistic effect is development in Ukraine of market of organic products.The management structure of the cluster for the production of organic high-oleic sunflower oil has been developed. It is determined that the main task of the cluster is to balance the economic relations of its members, which provides the maximum value of effect indicators and efficiency. It is proved that the common interest for the cluster members should be the production and the sale of the organic high-oleic sunflower oil in order to obtain a high level of profit.

Productivity of oil crops in the conditions of forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Ingushetia

The paper presents the study conducted in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Ingushetia on the productivity of new oilseeds in order to recommend their production as an alternative to traditionally grown crops. The morphobiological characteristics, features of growth and development of spring canola, sunflower, mustard, soybeans and camelina, and their yields are distinguished and described.

The use of mineral fertilizers in sunflower crops in the conditions of Ryazan region

The most important direction of increasing the production of sunflower oilseeds is improvement of technology elements that provide a fuller use of the productivity potential in soil and climatic conditions of a particular region. In this regard, the aim of the research was to identify the varieties and hybrids of sunflower most adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of Ryazan region, accounting for different levels of mineral nutrition. In order to identify biological features and economically valuable traits, a field experiment was conducted in 2017–2019. Agrotechnical measures for the cultivation of sunflower were carried out in accordance with zonal recommendations. As a result of the studies, it was found that variety Poseidon 625 was the most adapted to the climatic conditions of Ryazan region. Sunflower plants of Poseidon 625 variety were noted to have the smallest height (158–172 cm), the largest leaf surface area (11.61–16.53 thousand m2/ha), the largest number of seeds formed in one basket (1,194–1,247 pcs), the largest mass of 1,000 seeds (49.9–59.8 g) and the highest yield (2.37–2.99 t/ha). On average, in 2017–2019, the introduction of full mineral nutrition in doses of N125P60K60 and N125P120K120 contributed to an increase in the yield of sunflower oil seeds by 0.06–0.45 and 0.07–0.62 t/ha, depending on the cultivated variety and hybrid.

Интродукция и продуктивность масличных культур семейства Asteraceae в условиях Среднего Поволжья

The article presents an assessment of the productivity and quality of oilseeds of the Asteraceae family in the agro-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The object of the research: safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), guizotia (Guizotia abyssinica). Insufficient amount of precipitation was observed during the growing season of 2019 (Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) – 0.68). In 2020, a moderate precipitation deficiency was observed during the growing season (166.9 mm); year was characterized as arid (HTC 0.78). The growing season 2018 was severely arid (HTC 0.34). The length of the safflower growing season during the monitoring years was 108–121 days, guizotia — 111–130 days, milk thistle — from 111 to 117 days. The number of developed flower heads per one safflower plant was 15.3, guizotia – 112.5, milk thistle – 7.5. The productivity of one plant varied from 9.2 to 19.2 g; the coefficient of variation (CV) was 8.1–29.3 %.1000-seed weight did not vary significantly; CV ranged from 2.5 (guizotia) to 7.3 % (milk thistle). All crops in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region formed a high yield of oilseeds (0.88–1.68 t/ha) with oil content up to 24.51–40.62 % and were characterized as highly drought tolerant (62.1–71.3 %). Guizotia abyssinica provided a high yield of seeds (1.54–1.68 t/ha) and a significant content of oil in them (40.62 %). The drought-tolerant coefficient (DC) was 68.5 %. Carthamus tinctorius is an amazing drought tolerant plant; DC – 71.3 %. On average, its seed yield amounted to 1.37 t/ha; oil content – 24.51 %. Content of oleic acid in Silybum marianum oil was high (29.43 %), seed oil content – up to 29.31 %, seed productivity – 0.70–0.88 t/ha. In general, these crops combine high oilseeds’ productivity and quality and are of interest for introduction in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region.

ЭКСПОРТ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО МАСЛА – ДРАЙВЕР ЭКОНОМИКИ АПК

The growth in the production of vegetable oils in recent years has created an opportunity to increase their exports. Exports in 2020 increased in all major groups of goods that Russia supplies abroad: grain, fat and oil, meat and dairy products, as well as food and processing industry products. Foreign supplies of fat and oil products increased by 12%, to 8.1 million tons, in physical terms and by 22%, to $ 5 billion, in monetary terms. The growth was provided primarily by the export of sunflower oil, of which 3.7 million tons (+ 19%) were shipped for $ 2.8 billion (+ 28%). Sales were particularly strong in the first half of 2020 after a record sunflower harvest in 2019. In 2020, foreign exchange earnings from the export of sunflower and rapeseed oils could have been higher, if not for the restrictive measures taken by the government. Foreign exchange earnings from the export of vegetable oils from Russia can be significantly increased by reducing the sale of oilseeds. At the same time, additional jobs can be created in Russia, and most importantly, the most valuable by-product (meal) will remain to ensure livestock breeding in the country. This requires the modernization of the material and technical base of the processing industry and the restoration of domestic seed production of oilseeds.

The effectiveness of technological methods for the cultivation of oil flax

Oilseeds and products of their processing, both for the individual and for the entire economy of the country, are of great importance. This is also due to the fact that in recent years there has been an increase in interest in the production of oilseeds due to the high demand for oilseeds and products of their processing on the world and Russian markets. Oil flax provides a high-quality technical oil used in the paint and varnish and leather and footwear industries for the production of paints, varnishes, putties, soaps, oilcloths, waterproof fabrics, linoleum and rubber substitutes. It is also used in metalworking, electrical engineering and other industries. Flax is an environmentally friendly culture. When cultivating it, a minimum amount of chemical protection and fertilizers is required. Flax crops free the earth from heavy metals and radionuclides. Flax seeds obtained from contaminated land do not even show any trace of radiation. In the last three years, a kind of oil flax boom has been observed in Russia. The high demand for products made from it makes it very profitable to grow, which explains the annual growth of the cultivated area.The article provides an economic substantiation of the project for organizing the cultivation of oil flax. With the help of technological maps, the costs of production are calculated.

Effectiveness of National Mission on Oilseed and Oil Palm on Adoption of Mustard Crop Interventions

National Mission on Oilseed and Oil palm (NMOOP) for oilseeds & oil palm development program in India was started in July 2014. The present study was conducted in the Bikaner district of Rajasthan. Bikaner district has been selected purposely because of Bikaner district has highest production of oilseeds (472026 tones) among all districts of the state. Further, two panchayat samities namely Lunkaransar and Khajuwala were selected based on highest area and production of these crops and NMOOP scheme was also operated in these panchayat samities. Two villages from each selected panchayat samiti were selected randomly where NMOOP activities have been in operations in the year 2014-15. From each village 20 beneficiaries and the equal number of non-beneficiary farmers were selected randomly. The findings revealed that majority of beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers belonged to medium adoption category. It was found that there was a significant difference in level of adoption between beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers about recommended interventions of mustard crop.

Modern approaches to production of high-quality spring rape

Spring rape is the main oilseed crop in the non-chernozem zone of Russia, which includes Ryazan region. The area with the crop has increased to 60 thousand ha in the last five years. Rape, being an important oilseed crop, belongs to feed crops of the region. Sale of oilseeds brings agricultural enterprises high profit from the crop production industry. Clearfield technology of rape growing was studied on gray forest loamy soil in Ryazan region in comparison with conventional oilseed production technology. Clearfield technology is the combined action of Nopasaran herbicide and the use of special hybrids which are resistant to this herbicide. High crop efficiency does not depend largely on weather conditions, mainly due to activity of the two active substances, which determine the novelty and relevance of the studies. According to the research results, the highest average spring rape yield in the experiment was obtained at the first sowing period in the 1st decade of May. It was 20.8 dt/ha for hybrid Salsa KL. The maximum crop yields were observed on options using Clearfield, regardless of the sowing period. On average, the growth, development, yield and its structure of domestic Ratnik variety were not inferior to Ozorno hybrid. Sowing in the first decade of May can be recommended as the most productive one for spring rape in the southern part of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia.

Comparative Study of Early and Late Maturing Rapeseed and Mustard Genotypes for Yield-related Traits and Fatty Acid Profiles

Rapeseed and mustard are the leading oilseed crops in Bangladesh. The demand for edible oil is growing irrespective of Bangladesh's low oilseed production. An intensified rapeseed and mustard cultivation can mitigate the ongoing oilseed crisis in Bangladesh. The purpose of this analysis was to define the difference between late maturing and early maturing rapeseed and mustard genotypes in terms of yield, yield contributing characteristics and fatty acid profile. Two early maturing and twenty late-maturing rapeseed and mustard lines were used in the experiment. Two late maturing lines M-215 and M-219 showed noteworthy results yielding 4.56 tons and 4.16 tons per ha, respectively. These late maturing genotypes achieved higher yield by producing bigger plants with a greater number of primary, secondary, and tertiary branches along with a higher number of siliqua per branch. Notably, the early maturing variety BARI Sarisha-14 recorded the highest number of seeds per siliqua. These two late-maturing lines also measured slightly lower oil content, higher oleic acid content, and a lower erucic acid profile.

ПЕРЕДОВОЙ ОПЫТ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ЯРОВОГО РАПСА НА СЕМЕНА В ООО «МТС «ИЛИШЕВСКАЯ»

The Republic of Bashkortostan is a leading region for the production of oilseeds. In addition to traditional oilseeds such as sunflower, farmers of the Republic are increasing the area of rapeseed, ginger, flax, mustard. In recent years, the acreage under spring rapeseed for seeds has been steadily increasing. Among the producers of spring rapeseed for seeds, farms with a high crop of agriculture and stable yields have appeared. One of these enterprises is MTS Ilishevskaya LLC in the ilishevsky district in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic. In the farm, the yield of spring rapeseed is 25-28 C/ha. The profitability of production is 140-150%. In 2019, local cooperatives launched a shop for processing rapeseed seeds into vegetable oil produced at the enterprise.

Does trade protectionism promote domestic food security? Evidence from Tanzanian edible oil imports

As many African countries adopt tariffs and other trade barriers to stem the rising tide of food imports, we ask, when are these policies effective? Our focus is on edible oils, for which African imports grew over 10% per year between 2006 to 2015, and which accounted for 34% of the growth in food imports for the continent over the period — the highest share of any food group. In the same period, several African countries experienced a boom in the local production and processing of oil-seeds. The combination of import growth and domestic production booms points to a gap in the literature on edible oils and food security in Africa. We begin to fill this gap by estimating the price-responses of households, and how they substitute between palm and sunflower oils, using a QUAIDS model on Tanzanian household level data. For Tanzania, the two leading edible oil varieties – imported palm and domestically produced sunflower oil – accounted for more than 70% of edible oil use. We find a surprisingly low level of substitution between domestic and imported edible oils. Simulated budget shares from our estimates suggest that a 10% tariff increase on palm oil leads to less than a 0.06% change in the budget share of sunflower oil. The main implication of our finding is that other policy initiatives are required to stimulate demand for domestic food options that appear to be substitutes for imports, beyond tariffs.

Trait Association, Genetic Analyses and Fatty Acid Profiles in Oilseed Producing Rapeseed-Mustard (Brassicaspp.) Genotypes

Short duration oilseed Brassica varieties are important to increase cropping intensity as well as total oilseed production. In this research, genetic and multivariate analyses were conducted for 19 morphological characters of 48 rapeseed and mustard genotypes. Evaluation of oil content and fatty acid profiles were done for ten selected rapeseed and mustard genotypes. Significant genotypic variations were observed for all morphological characters except 1000 seeds weight. Days to 50% flowering, plant height, total number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, length of siliqua and days to maturity exhibited high broad sense heritability along with high genetic advance. Length of primary branches, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, total number of siliqua per plant, number of siliqua per main axis and number of siliqua per primary branches had a significant and positive correlation with yield per plant. According to principal component analysis and cluster analysis, BARI Sarisha-9, BD-110455, BD-7113, BD-6954 and BD-6953 were the earliest genotypes and BD-10112, M-395 and M-119-5 were comparatively high yielding genotypes. The genotypes BD-6953, BD-6954, BD-10455, BD-10112 and BD-7113 had comparatively lower erucic acid and saturated fatty acid profiles that are regarded as better edible oil characteristics. The selected genotypes and associated traits could be utilized for developing short duration, high yielding and edible quality rapeseed-mustard varieties.

Weed Management in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with Phosphorus in Southern Rajasthan

Background: Agriculture sector is vital for food and nutritional security of the nation. Contrary to great stride in cereals and millets production during last few decades, desired rise in production of oilseeds has yet to be achieved though India has 14 and 9 per cent of global acreage and production.Methods: The present investigation was conducted during kharif seasons of 2016 and 2017, at Instructional farm, MPUAT, Udaipur to access the effect of different pre - post herbicides for weed control in groundnut under phosphorus application. This experiment was operated with six weed management practices and four phosphorus levels thus, 30 treatment combinations; all were evaluated in split-plot design with three replications.Result: Our investigations results revealed that herbicidal treatments as well as weed free check significantly control weed population and recorded the highest values of N, P, K concentration in weeds, kernel, biological yields and total chlorophyll content over weedy check while, significantly maximum N, P, K uptake and soil available phosphorus were noted under weedy check over rest of the treatments. Further, the results also showed that application of phosphorus exhibit significant increase in nutrient concentration and their uptake by weeds, kernel, biological yields, total chlorophyll content and soil available phosphorus over control during the course of investigation.

Response of phosphorous and growth regulators on oil seed crops: A review

Oilseeds are rich in protein, and additionally, they contain a high level of fat. Hence, they're not only good sources of protein but also concentrated sources of energy. The proteins in oilseeds are often fed either as a part of the oil-intact seed or as a meal from which the oil has been removed. For better production of oilseeds, it's compulsory to specialize in the appliance of various essential nutrients within the sort of fertilizers. We’ve to focus on the foremost important oilseed crops within the world. As practices, a properly balanced supply of phosphorous and application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is one among the foremost important factors to extend higher yield and oil content in oilseed crops. PGRs play a crucial role in mitigating stress, increasing flower set, yield, and physiological efficiency of the crop. Many field experiments conducted on different oilseed crops from which it is often reported that the optimum level of phosphorous and growth regulators significantly enhanced the expansion, yield, oil content, and protein in oilseeds. This paper directly focuses on the role of phosphorus and growth regulators of naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid in improving oilseed crop production.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Yield Attributes and Quality Groundnut (G -7)

Background: Groundnut is the premier oilseed crop of India and contributed nearly 40 per cent of the total oilseed production. But the average yield of the crop in India is as low as 900 kg ha-1. Among the several constraints, improper nutrient management is the reason for low productivity. It is necessary to provide edible oil to the growing population on the basis of minimum requirement of oils and fats, it should be 5.49 million tonnes, against the present production of only 2.9 million tonnes leaving a gap of 2.6 million tonnes. Peanut seed contains 25 to 30% digestible protein, 45 to 50% oil, 20% carbohydrate and 5% fibre and ash which make a substantial contribution to human nutrition. Groundnut being a legume oilseed crop, P, S and Ca requirement is quite high. Keeping the above facts in view, the present investigation is proposed to study the effect of INM on yield, uptake of nutrients and soil fertility status in groundnut crop.Methods: A field experiment was conducted during February 2017 at Semmedu village, Panruti taluk, Cuddalore district to study the effect of integrated nutrients management on growth and yield of groundnut (G-7). The experimental design adopted in this study was randomized block deisgn with following thirteen treatments.Result: The results of this experiment showed that combined application of 100% RDF + Basal application Rhizobium and Phosphobacteria @ 2 Kg ha-1 (T5) recorded highest growth and yield parameters viz., plant height (82.20 cm), leaf area index (2.76), dry matter production (5776.20 kg ha-1), number of pods plant-1(20.96), 100 kernel weight (49.76 g), shelling percentage (72.83), pod yield (2576.4 kg ha-1), haulm yield (3174.5 kg ha-1) and kernel yield (2044.46 kg ha-1), recorded with significantly higher values.

Analysis of Changes in Soil Organic Carbon, Energy Consumption and Environmental Impact Using Bio-Products in the Production of Winter Wheat and Oilseed Rape

Agricultural management, environmentally friendly technologies, chemical, organic and bio-based substances used, as well as meteorological factors, have a significant impact on the fluctuations of soil organic carbon (SOC). The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of different biopreparations on the changes of SOC content and the winter wheat and winter oilseed rape yields by assessing the energy consumption efficiency and the environmental impacts. The experimental research was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in three different treatments, in two of which were used either a molasses and magnesium sulphate based-biopreparation (T1) or a bacteria-based biopreparation (T2), while treatment T3 was applied as a control where no biopreparations were used. The dynamics of SOC content were analyzed at two depths: 0–10 and 10–20 cm. For the analysis of energy efficiency indicators and environmental impacts, the greenhouse gas (GHG) and energy consumption conversion equivalents were used. A summary of the results showed that both types of biopreparations had a positive effect on the changes of SOC content, which was especially evident in the deeper layers at 10–20 cm depth, where, irrespective of the crop type, a more significant increase of the SOC content was observed every year of the experiment compared to the control treatment. Biopreparations had a significant effect in increasing the winter wheat and winter oilseed rape yield. The best energy efficiency ratio was observed in winter wheat (4.84) and winter oilseed rape (5.11) in treatment T1. The results of the environmental impact assessment showed that the lowest GHG emissions were recorded in the winter wheat production in treatment T1 at 108.7–149.1 kg CO2eq Mg−1, while the highest were observed in oilseed rape production in the control treatment T3 at 343.4 kg CO2eq Mg−1.

WORLD TRENDS OF OIL MARKET DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. Oilseeds in the world occupy significant areas of production, their consumption is growing every year. The share of domestic oilseeds in total oilseeds production is significant, and domestic demand is stable with a tendency to increase. Therefore, the analysis of trends and vectors of development of the oilseeds market is a priority area of research of the modern agricultural market. Methods. Theoretical and methodological basis for the analysis of the oilseeds market, determining changes in the structure of production and export of oilseeds, factors influencing the further development of this market were scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the dynamics and development of the world market of oilseeds. In the course of research the following methods were used: system generalization, abstract-logical, analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison, graphic. Information base for analysis – production and economic indicators of gross production, exports, prices of sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans for 2014-2019. Results. The tendencies and changes of world and domestic production and export of sunflower, soybean, rape in the conditions of development of the agricultural markets during 2014-2019 are investigated. Changes of structure of production of oilseeds in the world and in Ukraine are revealed. Thus, there is a redistribution of the structure of world sunflower production between the leading countries, and world rapeseed production is declining. It is established that the share of Ukraine in the total structure of world production of oilseeds has increased: for sunflower from 26 to 28%, for rapeseed – from 3 to 4,8%, for soybeans – from 1,2 to 1,3%. Discussion. The analysis of the main trends that have formed in the world and domestic market of oilseeds, as well as the dynamics of changes in the structural ratios of production indicators of oilseeds provides an opportunity to assess and predict market conditions. Keywords: agricultural market, oilseeds, sunflower, soybean, rapeseed, gross harvest, export.

Impacts of Oilseed production on Socioeconomic of the communities in Abay chomen Distinct, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Impacts of Oilseed production on Socioeconomic of the communities in Abay chomen Distinct, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

English

English

Study the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Funds of Usha Martin for Socio-economic Development in Ranchi District of Jharkhand

The impact of Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) funds was studied in Hutup village in Ormanjhi Block of Ranchi district of Jharkhand, where CSR sponsored project was implemented by KGVK under the guidance of Usha Martin Ranchi for improving the quality of life of the work fore and their families as well as of the community and society at a large. Out of total 270 beneficiaries 30 farmers were selected as respondents in the study. It was observed that 27.40 percent of farmers come below the socio-economic status group, whereas 61.1240 in medium and 11.48% comes from a high socio-economic status group. Due to the creation of water harvesting structure in the village overall 38.21% assured irrigation has been increased. The productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables has been increased 76.47, 116.66, 125 and 88.23 percent respectively, resulting thereby 24.56, 52.94, 60.86 and 83.33 percent income of farmers has been increased through cultivation of Cereal, Pulses, Oilseeds and vegetables respectively. Result reveals that development of water harvesting structure is an important intervention for enhancing production and productivity of agricultural crops in Jharkhand. The results also suggested that demonstration of improved production technologies coupled with capacity building of farmers through trainings of improved package of practices of different crops and vegetables as well as timely input support services increase the production and availability of local market for selling of produce at remunerative price enhance the income of farmers.