Production Activity Research Articles

LIFE SATISFACTION OF OLDER ADULTS: IMPACT OF LEISURE PARTICIPATION AND REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract As Korea is transitioning into an aged-society, improving well-being of older adults has become important, and literature has demonstrated various individual and societal factors that impact their well-being. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of individual and regional factors that are associated with older adults’life satisfaction. Specifically, we used leisure participation as individual factor and regional characteristics include perceived stress and volunteer participation rate. Data were drawn from the 2020 National Survey of Korean Elderly and Statistics Korea. As the individual data were nested in regions (cities and provinces), we used hierarchical linear modeling to analyze the data. Findings show that volunteering, traveling, and participating in club activities were positively related to life satisfaction of older adults. The relationship observed between older adults’ participation in travel, club activities, volunteering, and life satisfaction suggests that engaging in productive leisure activities is a crucial aspect of daily life of older adults. At regional level, perceived stress level was negatively associated with life satisfaction whereas volunteer participation rate was positively related to life satisfaction. The negative correlation between older adults’ perceived local stress and life satisfaction, and the positive correlation between local social volunteer participation rate and life satisfaction suggest that stress perceived by individuals due to their residential area or surrounding environment has a negative impact on their lives. A statistically significant cross-level interaction was observed indicating that the impact of volunteer participation rate on life satisfaction was stronger in regions with higher levels of perceived stress rate.

Boosting Rice Resilience: Role of Biogenic Nanosilica in Reducing Arsenic Toxicity and Defending against Herbivore.

The use of nanoparticles is a promising ecofriendly strategy for mitigating both abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the physiological and defense response mechanisms of plants exposed to multiple stresses remain largely unexplored. Herein, we examined how foliar application of biogenic nanosilica (BNS) impacts rice plant growth, molecular defenses, and metabolic responses when subjected to arsenic (As) toxicity and infested by the insect Chilo suppressalis. We show that BNS significantly increased shoot and root silicon accumulation but reduced the shoot As content by 34.7% under herbivory. Additionally, BNS reduced C. suppressalis larval weight gain by 34.5 and 12.3% without and with As stress, respectively. Importantly, BNS enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity under As stress, herbivore attack, and combined pressures, surpassing the effects of traditional silicate fertilizers. BNS ultimately increased rice shoot biomass by 8.2-23.4% under the respective stress conditions compared to the control treatment. Moreover, while As stress alone diminished the plant's resistance to herbivores, BNS application countered this effect by increasing detoxifying compound (e.g., glutathione) production and antioxidant enzyme activity. This study highlights the impact of biotic and abiotic stress interactions on BNS-enhanced plant resilience mechanisms in rice plants, reallocating resources to counter heavy metal toxicity and herbivore damage in agroecosystems.

Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases in People of Productive Age (15-64 Years) in Banjarmasin City in the Era of Society 5.0

Background: In the current Era of Society 5.0, the use of technology by the majority of society is actually increasing. It is hoped that the use of technological development can provide convenience for users, both in obtaining information, communicating, getting goods easily and even helping with working. It’s just that convenience offered will have a negative impact on society. Among other things, changes in activity patterns and eating patterns of people of productive age. So that the increase in body weight above normal or obesity and the risk of non-communicable diseases increases. Objective: This research aims to describe physical activity patterns, daily food consumption patterns and body weight status which are considered to contribute to the triggering of non-communicable diseases in people of productive age in Banjarmasin City, South Borneo, Indonesia Method: This research is quantitative descriptive research. The sample for this research consisted of 274 people spread across 5 areas in Banjarmasin City. The sample for this research was selected using a non-probability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. This research instrument uses a questionnaire, namely the Baecke Questionnaire for physical activity, anthropometric data collection including height and weight, and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for eating patterns. Data analysis using SPSS version 16 with descriptive analysis. Result: The findings of this research show that the majority of productive age people's activity patterns in Banjarmasin City are in the low category (97.4%), with poor eating patterns (87.2%) and the majority's weight status in the normal category (51.9%). Conclusion: The physical activity of people of productive age in Banjarmasin City tends to be in the low category and their eating patterns are in the poor category. This finding can illustrate that the majority of people in Banjarmasin City are at risk of various non-communicable diseases.

The interdisciplinary approach to investigate bona fide agent(s) in flavonoids or alkaloids in treating HCC

Currently, the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is yet to be determined, alternatively, flavonoids or alkaloids from nature have been considered as significant mediators against HCC. In the scenario, we pioneered the most significant agent(s) in either flavonoid(s) or alkaloid(s) against HCC with cheminformatics, bioinformatics, computer screening tools and quantum chemistry concept. In prospect, the intent was to provide the theoretical scaffold in the myriad natural organic molecules. The cheminformatics (natural product activity & species source database (NPASS), SwissADME, PubChem, Similarity Ensemble Approach (SEA) and SwissTargetPrediction (STP)), bioinformatics (DisGeNET, OMIM and STRING) were employed to underpin promising therapeutic components. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to identify the relationships between each target and a bubble chart to elucidate key signalling pathway(s) was constructed via STRING database. Ultimately, computer screening tools (PyMOL and AutoDockTools 1.5.6) and quantum chemistry (GaussView 6 and Gaussian) concept were adopted to decrypt the key molecule(s), target(s) and key mechanism(s). The most significant target was AKT1 in PPI network, AKT1 – isorhamnetin, MCL1 – ochrindole D and PIM1 – heyneanine hydroxyindolenine were the most stable conformers to antagonize JAK–STAT signalling pathway. This study provides scientific manifestation to facilitate the clinical test despite the enormous complexity of herbal medicine, and the devised platform for further clarifying the bioactive(s) and mechanism(s) against HCC.

The Effect of Work Motivation, Service Quality and Employee Workload on Employee Performance

Human resource management is an important field of study in the company because the problems faced by the company are not only the problems of raw materials, capital, work tools, and production, but also the problem of human resources, which in fact is the party that runs and manages the factors of production as well as the purpose of the production activities themselves. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work motivation, service quality and employee workload on the performance of employees of the Bukit Kerman Sub-District Office, Kerinci Regency. This research is quantitative research. The sample in this study amounted to 25 people. Data is processed using the SPSS application. Data analysis techniques used in this study include normality test, reliability test, multiple linear regression test, test and f test. The results of this study are: Work motivation has a positive effect on the performance of employees of the Bukit Kerman sub-district office of Kerinci district, service quality has a positive effect on employee performance in the Bukit Kerman sub-district office of Kerinci district, workload has a negative effect on employee performance in the Bukit Kerman sub-district office of Kerinci district, work motivation, service quality and workload together have a positive effect on the performance of employees of the Bukit Kerman sub-district office of Kerinci district. With an R² figure of 0.680 or 68% of employee performance is influenced by the independent variables of Work Motivation, Service Quality and workload.

Cognitive Experience in Positivism and Pragmatism

Purpose. The main purpose of the article is to compare the anthropological context of the concept of cognitive experience in pragmatism, which is based on an empirical basis and is determined by the result of the interaction of a person as a biosocial being with the surrounding natural and social environment through experimentation and choosing the most optimal way of acting in a given situation in accordance with individual and social values, on the one hand, and the exclusively epistemological significance of cognitive experience in positivism, aimed at observation and verification empirical data, on the other hand. Theoretical basis. The anthropological approach is important for this study, since its defining theoretical idea is the focus on the inseparability of theoretical and practical approaches to the integrity of human activity, proposed by pragmatism. Unlike positivism, which absolutizes theoretical knowledge of reality, supported by empirical experience, pragmatism understands this knowledge as an element of the practical adaptive activity of a person as a biosocial being who constructs the natural and social environment necessary for his/her life, transforming uncertainty into certainty. Thus, from the position of radical empiricism of W. James, a person’s cognitive experience includes not only knowledge of what is before a person’s eyes "here and now", but also values, interests, moral feelings that determine the purpose, prospects and motives of his/her activity. Originality. Thanks to an anthropological approach, pragmatism achieves a more complete understanding of cognitive experience than positivism. If in positivism cognitive experience is valuable in itself, then in pragmatism it, through feedback, performs the function of reflective practical experimentation, which should ensure the effectiveness of practical actions of a person as a biosocial being. Cognitive experience is an important component of habit, which for pragmatism is, on the one hand, the accumulated experience of a person’s long-term practical adaptation to the natural and social environment, and on the other – a person’s ability to find innovative ways of survival in the event of a change in the determining circumstances of life support. Thus, in extreme existential conditions of human existence (ecological and social disasters, wars), human-centred and socio-centred values, including identity values, together with strategically verified pragmatic optimality of actions, provided by cognitive experience, are important for the survival and development of man and society. Conclusions. Using an anthropological approach, pragmatism considers cognitive experience in a human-dimensional aspect. From the entire spectrum of cognitive experience, which enables a person to navigate in the natural and social environment, there is a part that allows a person to apply the acquired knowledge in productive practical activities based on universal values. From the point of view of pragmatism, cognitive experience based on experimentation with reflective feedback is important for ensuring the effectiveness of human practical actions. In the conditions of epoch-making social transformations currently taking place in the world, the survival and development of a civilization based on universal human values largely depends on the effectiveness of the actualized cognitive experience of a person, his or her intellectual and moral resources.

Wood fuel consumption in the city of Barcelona in the medieval and early modern periods. An overview based on archaeological wood charcoal analysis

AbstractWood fuel was essential for urban development in the Mediterranean area during the Middle Ages. Therefore, wood gathering practices and supply can be investigated through the study of wood-charcoal fragments obtained from urban archaeological contexts. This paper considers anthracological remains from 14 archaeological rescue-interventions in Barcelona (NE Iberia), to reconstruct the city’s wood-fuel usage from the 6th to the 17th century ce. The diachronic anthracological sequence, compared with a previous study of the Roman period, reveals significant changes in the city's energy supply and woodland impact over time. Between the 6th and 13th centuries ce, there was a reduction in Quercus ilex (holm oak) wood exploitation and an increase in the use of shrubby vegetation, due to oak woodland degradation, partly caused by agriculture and grazing expansion. The growing use of vine, olive and other fruit tree prunings during the Middle Ages indicates the spread of arboriculture in the Barcelona plain. Furthermore, despite local oak woodland regression, evergreen and deciduous oak wood usage increased from the 14th century onwards, due to fuel imports to meet the growing urban energy demands. Differences in fuel consumption among the city’s socio-economic sectors are discussed, revealing discrepancy between urban fuel and that used outside the city walls on the shore. Finally the fuel used in some urban productive activities is also examined, highlighting a heterogeneous range of solutions, based on local availability and convenience. Overall, this research provides the first extensive diachronic analysis of fuel consumption in a Mediterranean city, illustrating the importance of archaeobotany for understanding pre-industrial urban resource management.

Human-animal relations in El Impenetrable National Park, an area of confluence of environmental conservation, tourism and livestock

Since 2011, in the area currently known as El Impenetrable National Park (Chaco, Argentina), certain animals were “protected” and became part of the attractions offered to tourists. This article aims to describe and analyze the relationships between humans and animals in the mentioned area, where environmental conservation and tourism converge with family livestock production. It is an ethnographic research carried out between 2021 and 2023 that encourages us to think about ways to reconcile conservation with human presence in the environment. The physical space of the park underwent changes linked to the productive activities’ humans carried out there. The environmental conservation promoted seeks to eradicate the harmful hunting of "wild animals". Although such animal condition (wild) reflects separation between humans and nature, it is relative (it does not apply to all humans or to all animals) and permeable (through the physical movement of animals and humans across park borders and through the similar treatment that locals give to animals). Finally, the promotion of experiences with animals within the park prioritizes the presence of some to the detriment of others. The criteria of animal differentiation reveal a territorial and animal strategy aimed at transforming sources of income generation.

SCOR model Application to identify improvement opportunities in the production system of an SME clothing manufacturing. Case study

The SCOR model frames a set of processes through a common language. Companies or organizations use the SCOR model as a reference for the diagnosis of their production process. This article presents the SCOR model application to determine opportunity areas in the production system of a blouse manufacturing SME. To carry out this study, information was collected on the production process and the operations were documented under the provisions of the SCOR model. It was identified that the process called "manufacture to order" is the process in which there are opportunities for improvement due to late deliveries in orders and high production costs, with critical processes in scheduling production activities, product manufacturing, and product inspection and testing.

Identifying Transformations in Labor and Production Activities of Industrial Park Workers in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Case Study of Dong Nai Industrial Parks

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has been a pivotal force driving transformations in labor and production activities, including innovations in production methods and improvements in working environments. These developments profoundly impact workers across all sectors. In industrial parks, technological advancements significantly influence how workers perform their jobs, necessitating rapid adaptation and continuous skill enhancement in an increasingly professional and competitive working environment. The adoption of technology in production processes enhances efficiency, increases productivity, reduces costs, and improves product quality. However, it also poses challenges such as technological unemployment for workers. Dong Nai, one of the provinces with the largest number of industrial parks in Vietnam, has attracted investors from 43 countries and territories, maintaining its position as an industrial hub in recent years. In Dong Nai’s industrial parks, the intensification of technology transfer and development presents both challenges and opportunities. These dynamics enable workers to enhance their skills, boost competitiveness, and integrate more deeply into global value chains. This paper analyzes key transformations in the labor and production activities of workers in Dong Nai’s industrial parks amidst the context of this new industrial revolution. It also proposes solutions to enhance the capabilities and skills of industrial park workers to meet current demands.

Effect of anxiety on students’ academic performance at secondary school level researchers

Anxiety has numerous hindering factors that distract students from achieving satisfactory results in their examinations. The purpose of this study was to explore factors anxiety and their effects on students' academic performance at the secondary school level. For this purpose, three research objectives were made. The quantitative research design was used for this study and a convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample of 200 public secondary school teachers from Killa Saif Ullah and Muslim Bagh. The questionnaire comprised 36 close-ended statements developed on 5 5-point Likert-type scale. The reliability of the questionnaire was found at 0.81. The data were analyzed by using analysis and descriptive statistical techniques. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and an independent t-test was used through SPSS to find out the difference between genders' views. The findings of the study indicate that factors of anxiety (academic pressure, exams and assessments, parental expectations, competition, absent-mindedness, learning difficulties, and teacher-student relationships) exist and have a great effect on the academic performance of students. However, the study suggested a few strategies through which students can overcome their anxiety. The study recommended that students should keep themselves busy in productive activities, they should think positively about things and keep themselves focused.

МЕЛКОЗЕРНИСТЫЕ БАЗАЛЬТОФИБРОБЕТОННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ ПОЛУСУХОГО ПРЕССОВАНИЯ ИЗ МЕХАНОАКТИВИРОВАННЫХ СЫРЬЕВЫХ СМЕСЕЙ НА КАРБОНАТНЫХ ЗАПОЛНИТЕЛЯХ

This article is devoted to the study of pressed fine-grained basalt fiber concrete from mechanically activated raw materials mixtures based on limestone waste from stone mining. The microstructure of the pressed samples was investigated. A pilot test of the technology of mechanical activation and pressing of small-piece products was carried out. It is shown that bricks and paving slabs made using this technology meet the maximum requirements of GOST and have a brand of compressive strength of at least M400 (B30), frost resistance of at least F200, abrasion resistance of G1.

Model for Managing Economic Sustainability in Small-Scale Cacao Producers

In Huila, Colombia, small cacao producers (Theobroma cacao L) carry out their productive activities using traditional agroforestry practices, within an economic environment of globalization and free market. However, despite having a centuries-old cacao culture, cacao production systems show evidence of not being economically sustainable and may lose their function in the long term. The purpose of this article is to present the research findings to formulate a methodological model that ensures economic sustainability for cacao production systems, conducted at the Universidad Surcolombiana. The proposed new methodological model is based on calculating eleven indicators of financial sustainability for the cacao system, covering production, management, and marketing approaches and their subsequent synthesis into five indices, using techniques for standardization, weighting, and aggregation of indicators. The empirical results obtained through surveys of 228 cacao producers and 13 experts served as the basis for deriving economic sustainability indices, which reveal the heterogeneity in the management of cacao production systems and classify them into five groups. It is concluded that 6.58% of the plantations have very low sustainability, 22.81% have low sustainability, 47.37% are moderately sustainable, 21.93% have high sustainability, and 1.32% have very high sustainability. It also identifies an opportunity to increase the productivity of the cacao system in Huila by 60%.

<b>Determinant of Pastoralist Participation in Dry Fish Agribusiness Value Chain Activities: An Implication for Employment Opportunities</b>

Dry fish agribusiness has proven to be a lucrative venture for pastoralist communities, allowing them to generate additional income during the dry season, when livestock productivity is low. This study aims to determine pastoralist participation in dry fish agribusiness value chain activities in the Akobo district. Akobo district, kebelles, and respondents were selected using purposive, random, and systematic sampling techniques, respectively. The data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A binary logistic model was used in this study. Qualitative data were analyzed using a five-point Likert scale. This study found that pastoralists actively participate in production, transportation, processing, and marketing activities. The major constraints that limit their participation in dry fish agribusiness were a low level of education, lack of modern storage facilities, poor rural infrastructure, and lack of external training, poor rural market, and high transportation costs. The results of the binary logit model showed that educational level, market access, and household size were significant and positive, whereas technology access was significant and negatively influenced pastoralist participation in dry fish agribusiness value chain activities. Dry fish agribusiness value chain activity is vital for improving the livelihood of pastoralist inhabitants in Akobo district. Therefore, pastoralists in this district should be better equipped to actively participate in dry fish agribusiness value chain activities.

Strategic Optimization of the Middle Domain IIIA in RBP-Albumin IIIA-IB Fusion Protein to Enhance Productivity and Thermostability.

The protein therapeutics market, including antibody and fusion proteins, has experienced steady growth over the past decade, underscoring the importance of optimizing amino acid sequences. In our previous study, we developed a fusion protein, R31, which combines retinol-binding protein (RBP) with albumin domains IIIA and IB, linked by a sequence (AAAA), and includes an additional disulfide bond (N227C-V254C) in IIIA. This fusion protein effectively inhibited hepatic stellate cell activation. In this study, we further optimized the sequence. The G176K mutation at the C-terminus of RBP altered the initiation site of the first α-helix in domain IIIA, shifting it from P182 to K176, and promoted polar interactions between K176 and adjacent residues, enhancing the rigidity of the RBP/IIIA interface. The introduction of an additional disulfide bond (V231C/Y250C) connecting helices 3 and 4 in IIIA resulted in a three-fold increase in productivity and a 2 °C improvement in thermal stability compared to R31. Furthermore, combining the G176K mutation with V231C/Y250C further enhanced both productivity and anti-fibrotic activity. These findings suggest that the enhanced stability of domain IIIA, conferred by V231C/Y250C, along with the increased rigidity of the RBP/IIIA interface, optimizes interdomain distance and alignment, facilitating proper protein folding.

Оценка энергоэффективности скоростного и высокоскоростного железнодорожного транспорта

analysis and definition of energy efficiency criteria for high-speed and high-speed rail transport. Methods: development of a comprehensive system of indicators for assessing the efficiency of production in rail transport, taking into account the specifics of various types of transportation and technological processes, in particular the energy efficiency of high-speed and high-speed rolling stock, focused on the practical significance and economic feasibility of the results. Results: the efficiency of high-speed rolling stock is indicated, the energy efficiency of high-speed rolling stock is assessed, the indicators of energy efficiency of rail transportation are considered, the differences between a high-speed train and a conventional train are analyzed, the system for assessing the energy efficiency of high-speed rail transportation is considered, the energy efficiency of high-speed transportation is considered in relation to increasing travel speeds. Practical significance: the use of absolute energy consumption indicators for a more accurate assessment of the efficiency of rail transportation does not allow for an adequate assessment of the scale of production activities. Specific indicators, such as energy intensity per net ton-kilometer, although more informative, do not take into account the diversity of technological processes and rolling stock in the railway industry. This article will allow us to revise the existing assessment of the energy consumption of high-speed trains, and will allow us to consider the use of this indicator in assessing the efficiency of energy consumption of highspeed trains in Russia.

Light Regulates Secreted Metabolite Production and Antagonistic Activity in Trichoderma.

Secondary metabolism is one of the main mechanisms Trichoderma uses to explore and colonize new niches, and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) is an important secondary metabolite in this process. This work focused on standardizing a method to investigate the production of 6-PP. Ethanol and ethyl acetate were both effective solvents for quantifying 6-PP in solution and had limited solubility in potato-dextrose-broth media. The 6-PP extraction using ethyl acetate provided a rapid and efficient process to recover this metabolite. The 6-PP was readily produced during the development of Trichoderma atroviride growing in the dark, but light suppressed its production. The 6-PP was purified, and its spectrum by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy was identical to that of commercial 6-PP. Light also induced or suppressed other unidentified metabolites in several other species of Trichoderma. The antagonistic activity of T. atroviride was influenced by light, as suppression of plant pathogens was greater in the dark. The secreted metabolite production on potato-dextrose-agar was differentially regulated by light, indicating that Trichoderma produced several metabolites with antagonistic activity against plant pathogens. Light has an important influence on the secondary metabolism and antagonistic activity of Trichoderma, and this trait is of key relevance for selecting antagonistic Trichoderma strains for plant protection.

INTEGRATING AHP ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES AND GIS TECHNOLOGY TO ESTABLISH THE DRY MAP OF HA TINH PROVINCE

Drought is a complex natural phenomenon that develops slowly and causes serious impacts on people’s living environment and production activities. Researching technologies that can assess the current situation while also providing early warnings or predicting drought risks is essential. To date, numerous methods and approaches for assessing, monitoring, and forecasting drought have been researched and applied. Notably, research has focused on developing and calculating drought indices derived from remote sensing images, which offer many advantages in assessing drought levels over large areas. In this study, five component indices (TCI, SAVI, VCI, WSVI, TVDI) are classified into different levels of importance, extracted from Landsat 8 data, and assigned weights based on their level of influence according to the direction of the index using the Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP). The results have established a drought risk map for Ha Tinh province with five levels: No drought, low drought, moderate drought, high drought and very high drought. The findings indicate that the majority of ​​Ha Tinh province is at non-drought and low drought levels (accounting for 88.59 % of the province’s natural area). Moderate, high and very high drought levels make up 11.41 % of the province's natural area. Specifically, the area at moderate drought level accounts for 8.82 %, concentrated in Huong Son, Huong Khe, Cam Xuyen districts, as well as in the coastal communes of Thach Ha, Can Loc and Ky Anh districts. Areas affected by high and very high drought levels account for about 2.59 % of the province’s natural area, appearing locally at some parts of Ky Anh, Nghi Xuan and Cam Xuyen districts.

Muslim Consumer Behavior in Consuming Halal Food in Muslim Minority Communities

Consumption is an important factor that drives production and distribution activities. Halal food consumption is increasingly becoming a concern, especially in non-Muslim majority countries. As Indonesia's leading tourism destination, Bali has great potential to contribute to economic growth through MSMEs. Halal food consumption preferences are easier to find in Muslim-majority areas but have become an interesting issue in areas with Muslim minorities, especially in understanding halal consumption choices in these communities. This reflects challenges in the distribution and accessibility of halal products in some areas. This study aims to analyze Muslim consumer preferences for halal food consumption in minority Muslim communities in Bali Province. This research uses an associative quantitative approach. Data were obtained from primary data and secondary data. The sample analyzed was 390 using a questionnaire. The tests carried out include the data stationarity test, lag optimum, model stability, Granger causality, and cointegration. The results showed that: 1) Price is not a significant factor for Muslim consumers in minority communities; halal and spiritual beliefs are prioritized. 2) Taste is an essential factor, where consumers choose halal food that suits local flavors and culture. 3) Trust in halal labeling is crucial, especially in areas with limited information on halal products. 4) Religiosity remains a key driver in halal food consumption, with high levels of religiosity in minority communities in Bali. 5) Subjective norms significantly influence Muslim consumer preferences in consuming halal food 6) Limited accessibility of halal food forces consumers to rely on local communities and halal labels. Based on the results of the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that although Balinese society is generally not dominated by Muslim consumers, these factors remain relevant for the halal food market in Bali, especially for Muslim tourists or local Muslim consumers who are looking for products that are by their beliefs.

MOF-Derived Hollow C, N-Doped Co3O4 Dodecahedral Nanostructure Enwrapped with MgIn2S4 Nanosheets for Enhanced Photocatalytic N2 Reduction.

Design of hierarchical hollow nanoheterostructure materials through interfacial and defect engineering is an innovative approach for achieving optimal charge separation dynamics and photon harvesting efficiency. Herein, we have described a facile technique to fabricate hollow MOF-derived C, N-doped-Co3O4 (C, N-Co3O4) dodecahedral particles enwrapped with MgIn2S4 nanosheets for enhanced N2 reduction performance. ZIF-67 was initially used as a sacrificial template to prepare hollow C, N-Co3O4 using a carbonization route followed by low-temperature calcination treatment. The controlled synthetic protocol not only led to nonmetal doping but also produced an interwoven carbon matrix that improved the photoelectron mobility. Density functional theory calculations further substantiated the creation of atomic defects through substitution of C at tetrahedral Co2+ sites and N at lattice O2- sites of the Co3O4 structure. C, N-Co3O4 was subsequently coupled with MgIn2S4 nanosheets to prepare the C, N-Co3O4/MgIn2S4 [C, N-CM (X)] p-n heterojunctions. The photocatalytic study revealed that the NH4+ ion production activity of the optimal C, N-CM (1:1) material (334 μmol g-1 h-1) was significantly higher (4-10 times) than that of pure components. The enhanced activity of the composite was ascribed to its distinct topological features, superior charge carrier dynamics, and creation of atomic defects that afforded a large number of surface-active sites.