Investment Products Research Articles

Strategy to Increase Investment Portfolio at Retired Priority Banking Customers of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Yogyakarta Adisucipto Branch Office

This study aims to determine the strategy of increasing investment portfolio for retired priority banking customers at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Yogyakarta Adisucipto Branch Office. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Yogyakarta Branch Office Adisucipto is a company under the auspices of the Head Office of Bank Rakyat Indonesia located in Yogyakarta. The research method used in this study is by using observation, interviews, and documentation. This research data is sourced from primary data obtained through data collection techniques based on the process of observation, documentation, and interviews conducted directly to companies and retired priority banking customers who meet the criteria, as well as secondary data obtained from quoting books, internet, and so on containing information about priority banking Bank BRI. Therefore, researchers are able to draw conclusions descriptively. The interview was conducted with 5 respondents who are employees and customers of retired priority banking Bank BRI Yogyakarta Branch Office Adisucipto. The results of this study show what investment products are suitable to be offered to retired priority banking customers and how the profitability of investment products owned by retired priority banking customers for BRI Prioritas. The author recommends increasing the offering of certain investment products and the Bank strengthening the implementation of ESG especially Environmental principles.

Weigh benefits of outside financial advisors versus skilled board members

For many nonprofits, the question of who to have to manage their investments is a non‐issue. After all, it's not uncommon for nonprofits to need access to all cash they have on hand to meet monthly expenses, and if they have any reserves at all, they want it in an easily accessible, “liquid” account they can access without having to sell any stocks, bonds or other investment products.

A multifaceted approach to global health

World Health Day underscores the scientific community's commitment to achieving health equity for all. It is paramount to eliminate bias in research that has traditionally focused on men, neglecting the specific needs of diverse populations. Innovative clinical trial designs are being developed with more inclusive enrollment. Ensuring equitable access to essential antibiotics, coupled with robust infection prevention and control measures, is vital to safeguarding public health. The pursuit of health equity extends beyond the realm of medicine. Investments in local food production and robust social safety nets are critical for mitigating the effects of climate change on access to healthy diets. Additionally, in times of polycrisis, prioritizing the unique needs of children and empowering community-led healthcare initiatives in conflict zones are essential steps. By taking these actions, we can move closer to realizing everyone's fundamental right to health.

Matheuristics vs. metaheuristics for joint lot-sizing and dynamic pricing problem with nonlinear demands

This paper considers a joint dynamic pricing and production planning decisions problem for a profit-maximizing firm that produces and sells multiple products. The objective is to develop a coordinated decision approach for multi-product pricing and lot sizing decisions for a manufacturer considering a limited production capacity. The demand for each product is assumed to be iso-elastic and integrates the complementarity and the substitution effects between the products. First, the problem is formulated as a non-convex mixed integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) incorporating capacity constraints, setup costs, and nonlinear demand functions. Then, since the model is nonlinear and non-convex, a set of approximate approaches based on the Genetic algorithm, Late Acceptance Hill Climbing and Simulated Annealing methods are designed to solve this problem. Based on this study, the performances of two variants of approximate methods: matheuristics and metaheuristics are discussed and analyzed. The extensive experimental study, performed on real-world inspired instances, shows that matheuristic methods with setup-variables encoding scheme outperform the rest of the methods. The research outcomes show that coordinating a decision-making process by optimizing both prices and production plans simultaneously can result in significant profit for a company. However, one must consider the joint effect of the parameters of the demand function as well as the impact of the production capacity. This comprehensive understanding enables the company to avoid excessive investments in less lucrative products with lower sales potential, thereby ensuring resource allocation aligns with profitability and market demand.

A predictive strategy to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Saudi economy

This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Saudi Arabia's economy and to propose a strategy based on forecasting to lessen the negative effects of the pandemic while looking ahead to economic opportunities after the pandemic. The research utilized ARIMA models to predict important economic measures in Saudi Arabia, such as GDP, exports, imports, investment in assets, consumer spending, unemployment rates, inflation rates, and oil production, up to 2028, using the Box-Jenkins method. The results showed that the pandemic initially had a detrimental effect on the Saudi economy, with decreases in GDP, exports, and imports, as well as increases in unemployment and inflation. However, the study forecasts a positive recovery and growth in the economy after COVID-19. It recommends the adoption of a national policy to address the COVID-19 challenges, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive economic strategy to tackle the issues brought by the pandemic and to navigate the post-pandemic economic environment. This approach is in line with Vision 2030 and is intended to guide policymakers in developing and implementing strategies to reduce the pandemic's economic impact and support economic recovery.

Cryptocurrency Adoption in Traditional Financial Markets in the United States

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the cryptocurrency adoption in traditional financial markets in the United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Cryptocurrency adoption in traditional financial markets in the United States has been marked by a gradual but significant increase in interest and integration. Studies indicate that while the adoption rates vary across different sectors, there's a growing acceptance and utilization of cryptocurrencies among institutional investors, particularly in the form of investment products like Bitcoin futures and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Regulatory clarity and institutional infrastructure developments have played crucial roles in fostering this adoption. Additionally, the involvement of prominent financial institutions and corporations, such as banks offering cryptocurrency custody services and major companies integrating Bitcoin into their balance sheets, highlights a broader acceptance of cryptocurrencies within traditional finance. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Technology acceptance model (tam), diffusion of innovations theory and institutional theory may be use to anchor future studies on assessing the cryptocurrency adoption in traditional financial markets in the United States. Develop educational initiatives aimed at enhancing financial literacy and cryptocurrency awareness among investors, financial professionals, and policymakers. Advocate for clear and coherent regulatory frameworks that provide legal certainty and consumer protection while fostering innovation and market development.

Relationship between Financial Literacy and Investment Behavior among Millennials

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between financial literacy and investment behavior among millennials. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Several studies have highlighted a significant relationship between financial literacy and investment behavior among millennials. Findings suggest that millennials with higher levels of financial literacy tend to exhibit more proactive investment behaviors, such as saving for retirement, diversified portfolio allocation, and increased participation in the stock market. Additionally, greater financial literacy correlates with better understanding of investment products and associated risks, leading to more informed decision-making. Conversely, those with lower financial literacy are more prone to behavioral biases, such as overconfidence or risk aversion, which can hinder their investment activities. These findings underscore the importance of promoting financial education initiatives targeted at millennials to enhance their investment knowledge and ultimately improve their financial well-being. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Behavioral finance theory, human capital theory and social learning theory may be use to anchor future studies on assessing the relationship between financial literacy and investment behavior among millennials. Financial institutions, educational institutions, and employers should collaborate to develop tailored financial education programs targeting millennials. Policymakers should advocate for the integration of financial literacy into formal education curricula at both the secondary and tertiary levels.

Plumage and eggshell colouration covary with the level of sex-specific parental contributions to nest building in birds

Interspecific variation in sex-specific contributions to prenatal parental care, including avian nest building, is becoming increasingly better understood as we amass more information on more species. We examined whether sex-specific nest building contributions covary with the colouration of parents and their eggs in 521 species of Western Palearctic birds. Having colourful plumage and laying colourful eggs are costly because of the deposition of pigments in feathers and eggs and/or forming costly nanostructural substrates in feathers, and so it might be expected that those costs covary with the costs of nest building at the level of individuals and/or across species to produce of a suite of codivergent traits. Using a phylogenetically informed approach, we tested the hypothesis that species in which females alone invest energy building nests exhibit less sexual plumage dichromatism. However, we found comparative support for the opposite of this prediction. We then tested that species in which females alone build nests lay more colourful, and costlier, eggs because the dual costs of building nests and laying colourful eggs can only be borne by higher quality individuals. As expected, we found that species in which females build nests alone or together with males are more likely to lay colourfully pigmented eggs relative to species in which only males build nests. Finally, stochastic character mapping provided evidence of the repeated evolution of female-only nest building. Interspecific sex differences in plumage colouration therefore covary in a complex manner with female pre- (nest building) and post-copulatory (egg production) investment in reproduction.

The contribution of carbon budget to masting intervals in Veratrum album populations inhabiting different elevations.

Mast flowering/seeding is often more extreme in lower-resource environments, such as alpine compared to lowland habitats. We studied a masting herb that had less extreme masting at higher elevations, and tested if this difference could be explained by higher photosynthetic productivity and/or lower reproductive investment at the higher-elevation sites. We examined the relationship between flowering intervals and carbon budget (i.e., the balance between reproductive investment and annual carbon fixation) in a masting herb, Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum, across five lowland and six alpine populations in northern Japan. We evaluated the previous flowering histories of individual plants based on rhizome morphology and analyzed the masting patterns of individual populations. Total mass of the reproductive organs, as a proxy of reproductive investment, was compared between the lowland and alpine populations. Annual carbon fixation was estimated on the basis of photosynthetic capacity, total leaf area per plant, and seasonal transition of light availability. Interval between high-flowering years was shorter and total reproductive investment was smaller in the alpine than in the lowland populations. Owing to its high photosynthetic capacity and continuous bright conditions, annual carbon fixation per plant was 1.5 times greater in alpine habitat than in lowland habitat. These results suggest that V. album alpine populations have shorter flowering intervals than lowland populations due to faster recovery from energy loss after reproduction. Our study demonstrated that masting intervals in V. album populations can be explained by habitat-specific carbon budget balances.

Evidence on Milk Consumption and Production Linkages from Rural Bihar, India

BackgroundMilk is an important source of protein for many Indian households. However, milk intake is very low. Hence, it is necessary to examine production–consumption linkages of milk within the paradigm of accessibility, availability, and affordability. ObjectivesThis study examined linkages between milk consumption and production, accounting for sales and factors associated with production investments in rural Bihar, a major milk-producing state of India with very poor nutritional status. MethodsA panel of households from the Gaya and Nalanda districts of Bihar were surveyed: the first round in July and August 2019 (n = 2026 households) and the second round from December 2019 to January 2020 (n = 2001 households). Data were collected on household consumption, production, and sale of milk, as well as other foods. The study examines the consumption–production linkage of milk and the association of dietary diversity with consumption from own production, with households as the unit of analysis. Ordinary least square regression analysis of average monthly household milk consumption was used to identify factors associated with milk consumption, particularly milk production. ResultsThe median (Quartile 1, Quartile 3) per capita milk consumption per day was 83.3 (41.6, 166.6) mL in the milk-consuming households. Average monthly household milk consumption in liters was higher in milk-producing households [β: 7.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.1, 8.1] than households relying on market purchases. Household milk consumption was higher in the third tertile of milk production than the first tertile of production (β: 14.3 L/wk; 95% CI: 12.1, 17.2) and lower in the highest tertile of household sale quantity (β: −8.8 L/wk in tertile 3, 95% CI: −12.7, −5) than the first tertile of household sale quantity of milk. ConclusionsThe study provides evidence that consumption of milk in rural households is associated with own production such that households with higher production consume more. However, sale preferences restrict the quantity of milk consumed in milk-producing households.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Kota Jambi

This study aims for analyzing the influence of the average length of study at school , minimum wage , number of company , Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and Domestic Investment (DI) on the absorption of labor in Jambi City. The data used in this study is secondary data in coherent time from 2000 to 2021 derived from Institute of Statistics Centre (ISC). Method analysis used in this research is analysis of quantitative multiple linear regression . The result study shows that the average length of schooling is positively influenced and leads to negative significant to absorption of labor. The minimum wage is positively and significantly influenced and to absorption of labor. Domestic Invesyment (ID) is positively and significantly influenced to absorption of labor.Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and numner of company have no influence to absorption of labor.

Impact of microfinance on income generation: Evidence from a rural community‐driven development programme in Myanmar

AbstractThis paper evaluates the impact of a rural community‐driven development programme in Myanmar, which promoted village‐level microfinance for income generation. Utilizing a three‐round household survey consisting of 100 treatment and 50 comparison villages with approximately 8500 households per round, we employ difference‐in‐differences and two‐stage least squares estimations. Our analysis shows three key findings. First, the programme significantly increased access to microfinance, primarily for production. Second, formal and informal finance were substituted in part with village‐level microfinance. As a result, treated households were less likely to borrow money from formal banks or informal lenders such as their relatives, friends or neighbours. Third, the village‐level microfinance nudged rural households to harvest, yield and sell their products more, which led to increase in seasonal income. Our study suggests that microfinance targeted for productive investment can significantly improve income of rural households in developing economies.

Dynamic models for developing reference scenarios of energy system in the low-carbon transition

The proposed study is aimed at the development of dynamic input-output models in relation to energy development systems. The main task is to find optimal scenarios, defined as sequences of optimal balances between production and capital investment. These models are rooted in Leontief's conceptual concept of input-output, which emphasizes the timing of the introduction of new production systems. The article discusses the economic interpretation and mathematical conditions of intersectoral models, and examines their application to problems related to energy. The model uses the concept of balanced equilibrium growth, in which the ratio of consumption to net release is the same for all resources, and the reserve of at least one resource is fully utilized. The growth rate of the system is the most important parameter that determines the trajectory of balanced growth. Solving the system of inequalities yields balanced growth trajectories in which the dominant root and the associated vector of characteristics plays a key role. A balanced equilibrium growth rate has the properties of a minimax with the presence of a saddle point, which indicates its importance in achieving market equilibrium while preventing a reduction in inventories. The practical application of the model is described. The results of calculations of pessimistic, reference and optimistic scenarios of electricity production in the IPS of Ukraine are presented. Official statistical information and economic forecasts are used, and various restrictions are taken into account. The model aims to minimize the total cost of electricity generation while respecting environmental and operational constraints. The proposed model provides a comprehensive basis for understanding the dynamics of resource reserves, consumption and growth of electricity production of the IPS of Ukraine. It offers decision-makers a valuable tool to optimize electricity generation strategies, taking into account a range of scenarios and constraints, for the sustainable and cost-effective operation of the energy system. Keywords: Dynamic input-output models, optimal scenarios, balanced equilibrium growth, growth rate of the system.

Literasi Investasi Keuangan Bagi Mahasiswa Ikopin University Strategi Investasi Keuangan Melalui Koperasi, Peluang dan Tantangan

Basically, investment activities are divided into two types, namely investment activities in the financial asset sector, namely in the capital market and money market, and investment activities in the real assets sector. In this literacy activity, participants are directed to understand and recognize financial asset investment products, and investment techniques. and various benefits of investing. The focus of this literacy is also related to the role of cooperatives as the community's choice, especially members, in their capacity as an investment vehicle, especially in Savings and Loans Cooperatives. This literacy activity is the result of the performance of the Management and Accounting Student Association in collaboration with LPPM Ikopin University and Allo Bank Bandung. Held at the Ikopin University campus on November 28, 2023

Savings and growth nexus in the context of Southern African Customs Union countries

Orientation: The primary goal of Southern African Customs Union (SACU) is to promote economic development through regional coordination. Consequently, SACU members have set economic growth targets through various medium- and long-term policies.Research purpose: The article investigates the savings-growth nexus among SACU countries.Motivation for the study: This study is motivated by low economic growth among SACU countries and the gap in the saving-growth literature. Specifically, previous studies assumed linear relationship, thereby ignoring the fact that savings may be related to economic growth in a nonlinear fashion.Research approach/design and method: The study utilised several panel estimation techniques with data over 1990–2021 for the SACU countries.Main findings: Firstly, there is a strong evidence of long run relationship between saving and economic growth in SACU countries. Secondly, domestic saving exhibits a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth both in the short-and long-term. Thirdly, there is evidence of non-linear relationship between domestic saving and economic growth. Lastly, it is shown that 16% threshold level of domestic savings to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio is consistent with 6% GDP growth target aspired by SACU union.Practical/managerial implications: The findings of this article suggest that domestic saving is a prerequisite for economic growth provided the funds are channelled to productive investments. Consequently, there is a need to design appropriate policies that can help to promote and mobilise savings.Contribution/value-add: This article contributes to the ongoing debate on saving-growth in the context of developing countries. In addition, it addressed the linearity assumption of the previous studies by incorporating nonlinear assumption.

Being Well-in with the Joneses? A Lab-in-the-Field Experiment on Conspicuous Consumption among Rural Communities

Conspicuous consumption, specialised consumption of high visibility but without apparent economic benefit, is reducing investment in productive assets and thus hindering economic development in low-income countries. In previous research, the phenomenon was commonly explained by status-seeking and herding behaviour. Our study follows a novel angle in testing the role of risk sharing, assuming that investment into social status is perceived to increase access to informal credits in times of crises. We conduct a random-effects hurdle model along a lab-in-the-field experiment along a sample of 197 wheat farmers in Uzbekistan, a country characterised by high levels of risk and uncertainty. Within our experimental setup, both risk attitude and real-life risk management decision are found to be significant determinants of conspicuous consumption. Our findings support the notion of a complex decision-making process with risk sharing as one important motivator. Providing first empirical evidence on the topic, our findings have implications beyond our narrowly defined study case: We argue that strengthening options of formal risk-sharing tools might remove one of the motivators for conspicuous consumption; thus, it could improve the economic welfare of low-income households worldwide by allowing for more productive investment of scarce financial resources.

Outward foreign direct investment productivity along the belt and road

AbstractThe extant research provides inconsistent results regarding the effect of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on firm productivity. There is no research on the effect of OFDI in belt and road (B&R) countries on Chinese firm productivity. In this paper, the impact of B&R OFDI on Chinese firm productivity and its influencing mechanisms are investigated. The main findings of this research are as follows. First, B&R OFDI positively influences productivity by alleviating firms' financial constraints. Second, the presence of market‐driven and production‐driven subsidiaries in B&R countries exerts a favorable moderating impact on firm productivity. Finally, the productive influence of B&R OFDI is more pronounced for firms in eastern China and for those in the energy and transportation sectors, and it is particularly significant for nonstate‐owned enterprises. These findings have practical implications for governments engaged in the design of effective policies for the promotion of B&R OFDIs and for firms developing robust OFDI strategies along the Belt and Road to improve their levels of productivity.

The three ages of the European policy for productive investments

Across the EU sectoral policies, a variety of instruments are used to foster investments and to transform Europe’s productive capacities. Reading beyond the traditional bureaucratic and policy silos, this paper shows how such a composite repertoire of instruments crystalised, taking advantage of two complementary historical fieldworks. Using the sociological concept of ‘age’, we show how a European policy for productive investments emerged, supported by specific rationales and staff, to address episodes of budgetary constraints over investment policies. We first distinguish an ‘age of infrastructure’ (from the 1950s), where the first EEC bureaucrats in charge of these policies – mainly lawyers and engineers – designed loans strategies to continue reconstruction efforts, targeting heavy infrastructural investments in energy or transportation. Then, we show how in the 1970s context of rising budgetary tensions, economists urged their colleagues to take advantage of the Common Market to create European champions, through grants and co-financing, and by promoting SMEs as growth drivers: this marks the ‘integrative age’. Finally, from the 1990s, bureaucrats with a background in finance reoriented PI policies to overcome so-called ‘markets failures’ through loans, guarantees and equity, initiating an ‘age of leverage’ in EU public action. Here, the global access to (publicly subsidized) finance and the rise of derisking activities became a new standard. By capturing the way these successive policy ages concatenated and gave the EU Investor State its current shape, our approach accounts for both stability and change in EU policies.

Impact of investments on labour productivity in the chemical and petrochemical industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Relevance. Currently, the petrochemical and chemical industries are one of the main areas in the international economy. That is why it is important to choose effective alternative networks by promoting investments in factories to achieve certain indicators in the field of labour. The relevance of this topic is conditioned by the fact that labour productivity in the modern environment plays a crucial role in the activities of various industries. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to assess the correlation of investment and labour productivity in the chemical and petrochemical industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methodology. The study used several methods of scientific research, specifically: correlation and regression analysis. Results. As a result, it was possible to explore the areas of activity responsible for the development of the chemical and petrochemical industry, namely: the development and production of oil, associated (petroleum) and natural gas, the production of chemical and petrochemical products, the production of coke and refined petroleum products, the development of rubber and plastic products. This allowed establishing the level of impact of investments on labour productivity of each of the above-mentioned sub-sectors. In addition, statistical data were investigated, based on which indicators were established reflecting the features of interaction between such components as investment, industrial development, and the improvement of professional personnel. The factors that qualitatively affect the efficiency of external market conditions for corporations are disclosed. Conclusions. The research shows that investments in chemical products, coke, and refined petroleum are more effective than those in crude oil and natural gas production. The practical value of the study is revealed in the possibility of using the results when developing development plans for specific chemical and petrochemical enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan, by attracting a specific type of investment. Keywords: energy efficiency; capital; infrastructure; productivity factors; innovation

Profitability Analysis of Sweet Orange Production in Mamfe Municipality, Cameroon

This study aimed to investigate the profitability analysis of sweet orange production in Mamfe municipality, Cameroon. The study employed primary data collection through self-administered questionnaires to sweet orange farmers and a total of 200 samples were selected. The study used financial profitability analyses and percentage ranking to estimate the result. The gross return and net return for a hectare of the sweet orange orchard were 14155000 FCFA and 11759200 FCFA respectively for a 12 year sweet orange orchard. The NPV was estimated to be 4447824 FCFA per hectare of sweet orange orchard which indicates that sweet orange production fetches higher returns. The estimated BCR was 3.95 for a hectare of sweet orange orchard which shows that investment in sweet orange production is feasible for farmers. The production of sweet orange production was also found to be a profitable investment since the IRR was high (34.836%). The results also revealed that profits from sweet orange production have an impact on the livelihood of farmers. The result from the percentage ranking shows that the major constraints of sweet orange farmers are credit facilities, lack of agrochemicals, absence of extension services, high cost of farm inputs, high cost of labor, pests and diseases, and bushfires. The study concluded that sweet orange production was profitable and recommended that decision makers should promote sweet orange production via easy agricultural credits and others. This is a wise step towards improve well-being in Mamfe municipality in particular and Cameroon at large.