Production Centers Research Articles

Qlaʿ: A Royal Oil- and Wine-Production Centre in the Kingdom of Israel

Salvage excavations at Qlaʿ, a small fortified Iron IIB site in the southwestern Samaria Highlands, conducted in 1980, revealed several stone-built structures, numerous rock-cut olive-oil extracting installations and two large wine presses. In this article we present the main findings from this investigation, discuss technological and economic aspects of local production and evaluate the probability of royal ownership. In our opinion, the features of this site and other nearby settlements indicate that it was one of the royal production centres of the Kingdom of Israel in the 8th century BCE. The finds uncovered at the site showcase a unique attempt of transformation from a simple subsistence economy into a surplus production, profit-oriented, ‘market’ economy. This process was initiated and led by the central government in Samaria and probably provided economic prosperity and political strength in the days of Jeroboam II (786–746 BCE). Olive oil and wine were produced at Qlaʿ continuously until the very last days of the Kingdom of Israel.

Le lingue del cibo: parole e testi dal cantiere dell’AtLiTeG

This paper describes the project (PRIN 2017) titled Atlante della lingua e dei testi della cultura gastronomica italiana dall’età medievale all’Unità (AtLiTeG). The project aims to reconstruct the history and the geography of Italian culinary texts and their language from the Middle Ages to the unification of Italy. The project consists of the following three main parts: the database/textual corpus (i.e. the verification of the sources with the analysis of the textual traditions through the drafting of new philologically reliable editions); the VoSLIG (Vocabolario storico della lingua italiana della gastronomia); a geotextual atlas which will collect the chrono­logical and geolinguistic representation of culinary terms from the Middle Ages to the unification of Italy in the form of a linguistic-georeferencing atlas, with a distinction between centres of production, texts and traditions for historical phases.

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ТОЧНОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ В ТОО НПЦ «EURASIA FARM INNOVATIONS»

In 2023, work was carried out on the introduction of precision farming technology in the fields of the Eurasia Farm Innovations Research and Production Center with an area of 11 thousand hectares. In this article, as an example, the research conducted on field No. 97 will be used. In the fields to assess the initial state of soils before sowing, the main elements of mineral nutrition were determined using the agrochemical express analysis of soils by the Stenon Farm Lab device: the content of mineral nitrogen (Nmin) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3), mobile phosphorus (P2 O5), the content of organic matter in the 0-20 cm layer, the pH of the soil solution. According to the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil, it is worth noting that only 8% of the plots of field No. 97 had an average level of security (P2O5), the remaining 92% had a low level of security. According to the content of organic matter, the soils had a low and medium degree of security (2-6%). All soil samples had a medium-alkaline soil solution reaction (7.3-8.5). According to the agrochemical survey, the dose of ammophos 40-121 kg/ha was calculated, task maps for differentiated fertilization in the autumn period were compiled. Digital maps have been created using the StarFire 6000 satellite receiver and Operation Centre John Deere, as well as with the help of UAVs and the Taranis platform, field littering maps have been created.

Effect of DGAT1 gene polymorphisms in coarse-haired fat-tailed lambs of different genotypes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the DGAT1 gene polymorphism and its effects on lamb weight in kazakh and tajik sheep breeds. A total of 97 blood samples were collected from purebred (еdilbay х еdilbay) and crossbred lambs (еdilbay x gissar) breеd by the Baiserke Agro Scientific and Production Center in the Talgar District of the Almaty Region of Kazakhstan. Animals were genotyped for DGAT1-AluI polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The result of PCR-RFLP showed that purebred (еdilbay х еdilbay) sheep had three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) and crossbred sheep had two genotypes (CC and CT). The predominant genotype was CC with a frequency of 0.70 and 0.58 in purebred sheep and crossbred sheep breeds, respectively. The DGAT1 gene showed no significant association with live weight of lambs at different times in both breeds studied. However, the study showed that the CC genotype produced higher live weight at day 60 in purebred sheep (CC: 33,668 kg and CT: 32,444) and at day 120 (CC: 41,487 and CT: 40,929) in crossbred lambs. The present study was the first to investigate the polymorphism and relationships between genotypes and lamb live weights for DGAT1 gene in sheep breeds, purebred and crossbred. We conclude that further comprehensive investigations should be done for the exact evidence of the effects of DGAT1/Aluı polymorphism on lamb live weights.

Где принимают решения? География корпоративных штаб-квартир США

The locations of Fortune 500 corporate headquarters in U.S. cities spectacularly changed between 1970 and 2020. Previous researchers pointed on the diversity of business and financial services, agglomeration effects of the headquarters themselves and the role of airports as the leading factors in the localization of headquarters in the largest cities. However, factors that allow smaller agglomerations to also localize headquarters were also emphasized: proximity to the companies’ production facilities, the growth of passenger air connectivity, the opportunity to obtain more favorable local tax and regulatory conditions, more flexible cost of living for employees. Based on the Fortune 500 rating data, we analyzed the changing detailed geography of the headquarters locations of the largest American companies by MSAs by calculating the dynamics of the Shannon diversity index by economic sectors over the past 40 years. The share of headquarters of the largest corporations located in the top 50 MSAs has remained almost unchanged, but since 2000 the top 5 MSAs have been declining, while the share of MSAs in the second population quartile has increased. This trend towards deconcentration and the rise of second-order agglomerations contradicts S. Sassen’s hypothesis on the concentration of headquarters in several largest cities. The reasons for the deconcentration seem to be associated with the rise of new economic centers in the cities of the US South and West and the relocation of the headquarters of existing F?500 companies to this new centers, as well as the concentration of new industries in new places, not in the key centers of old industries. The economic diversity of headquarters has also undergone significant changes. If in 1980 the MSA New York was significantly ahead of all the others in terms of the number of headquarters and their diversity index, then by 2019 MSA Chicago was significantly closer to it in terms diversity index. At the same time, other agglomerations of Megalopolis (MSAs of Bridgeport, Richmond, Washington, etc.) of the Northeast of the United States, since 2000, have increased the diversity of headquarters, demonstrating independent growth dynamics despite the location in close proximity to the dominant MSA New York. They, as well as the fast-growing MSAs of Miami, Phoenix, San Jose, Denver, Raleigh and Winston-Salem, by 2019 showed the greatest industry diversification. Mono-specialization is not generally typical of large concentrations of headquarters, exceptions are the center of oil production, oil refining and chemical industry Houston, car manufacturing capital of Detroit and the center of Silicon Valley San Jose, the rapid growth of industrial diversity of which, however, did not allow reaching average diversity indicators.

The role of alternative splicing and splicing factors in diabetes: Current status and future perspectives

AbstractWith glucose being at the center of energy consumption and production, maintaining homeostasis of this simple sugar is of pivotal importance. Loss of glucose homeostasis results in altered blood glucose levels, that are frequently observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. T2D and obesity share pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic backgrounds. These conditions collectively impact over 500 million individuals worldwide, necessitating a deeper mechanistic understanding for effective therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of abnormal alternative splicing (AS) and changes in splicing factors (SFs) in the development and progression of diabetic conditions, presenting AS and SFs as promising targets for therapy. This review focuses on the deregulation of AS (INSR, TCF7L2, and mTOR) and SF (Sam68) deregulation in diabetic conditions. In addition, we discuss the importance of mTOR signaling in diabetic conditions and its regulation by AS and SFs. Furthermore, we discuss current strategies aimed at targeting AS and SFs. Finally, we discuss research challenges, and unresolved questions in the field, and offer recommendations to enhance our comprehension of the significance of AS and SFs in the context of diabetes and obesity.This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease

Shifting Modes of Labor Regulation in Global Supply Chains

executive summary: This essay outlines the changing modes of regulation of labor conditions in global apparel supply chains, which are mostly concentrated in Asia; assesses the effectiveness of 25 years of private voluntary regulation by global firms; and examines critically the implications of new European regulation now mandating what was previously a voluntary corporate activity. main argumentAsia is the global center of apparel production, with Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Vietnam all being major exporters. Since the 1990s, activist pressure in developed country markets has forced global apparel and footwear companies to adopt voluntary methods to ensure that their products are not made under sweatshop conditions. Companies developed codes of conduct for the first-tier factories in their supply chains and found ways to audit whether supplier factories were in compliance. However, this voluntary private-regulation model has not been adequate to alleviate labor and workplace concerns in global apparel supply chains. A shift from private regulation to public regulation—the beginning of which may be currently underway in the European Union with the recent introduction of mandatory due diligence legislation—may prove to be a more effective means of bettering labor rights and conditions. policy implications• If the recent EU legislation allows global companies to be legally liable for violations of mandatory due diligence requirements regarding labor rights and conditions in supply chains, a sea change in worker rights and labor practices could occur. • The new legislation would require global companies to adopt more responsible purchasing practices so that their practices are not responsible for labor violations. • The EU legislation could have an impact on sourcing locations, as companies compete for locations that are more likely to provide institutional environments with lower risk of violations. Global suppliers would have a greater incentive to take the high road in terms of employment practices to obtain more business from European buyers. National governments in apparel-exporting countries may be motivated to improve enforcement of labor regulations.

Spatiotemporal variations in migratory bird diversity and abundance along the coast of Gochang getbol.

Tidal flats provide critical habitat for migratory waterbird species; however, populations of migratory waterbirds have significantly declined due to tidal flat loss and degradation caused by human activities, particularly in Asia. Gochang getbol is one of tidal flats located on the southwest coast of South Korea and a center of clam production. Using bird monitoring data collected at five zones (zone1 to zone5) established across Gochang getbol and near coastal area, we examined distribution patterns of migratory bird diversity and conservation-related species along the coast of Gochang getbol. The intensity of human activity ‒ mudflat culture (mostly bivalve) and aquaculture was relatively high at zone2 and zone3, occupying > 30% of 2km circular area surrounding most sample points of these zones. Zone1 and particularly zone4 contained more natural/semi-natural habitats (less disturbed mudflats and wetlands) and zone5 had smallest mudflat than others. Shannon diversity, species richness, and abundance of migratory birds differed between zones (Anova test, P ≤ 0.02) except Shannon diversity in winter. In fall, all values were higher at zone4 than zone3 and zone5. In winter, zone1 showed greatest species richness and higher abundance than zone2, zone3, and zone5. In spring, while most differences were found between zone4 and zone5, abundance at zone4 was somewhat higher than zone2. The results from the fourth corner analysis indicated that abundance of species foraging at mudflat level was positively associated with zone1 (winter) but negatively with zone3 (fall). Sandpipers were positively associated with zone4. Abundance distribution maps of conservation-related species, created by inverse distance-weighted interpolation modeling, also showed high abundance of most conservation-related species at zone4 and 1. The findings of our study suggest the importance of natural/semi-natural habitat, and the possible link between human activity and distribution patterns of migratory birds in Gochang getbol. While we need further investigation on direct response of migratory birds to human activity, areas with low human activity with more natural/semi-natural habitat, e.g., zone4 and zone1 may be crucial for the conservation of migratory birds.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОНСУЛЬТАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ АГРАРНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The proposed article emphasizes the formation and development system importance of information and advisory support for agricultural producers in Ukraine. The main information and consulting (advisory) support system components in the country's economy agrarian sector have been determined. The information and consultation process components are characterized and the advisory services purpose in the agrarian sector of the economy is defined. The main existing information systems shortcomings of the agro-food complex are highlighted. It is noted that the effective mechanism construction of information and consultation support for agricultural producers requires streamlining the activities and integration of all relevant services both at the national level and at the regional level, regardless of the ownership forms management. The available information and consulting support system components for agricultural producers in Ukraine are characterized: advisory services, scientific support regional centers for agro-industrial production of Ukraine Agrarian Sciences National Academy, commercial agro-consulting firms – their tasks and shortcomings in their work. The organization principles of effective information and consulting activities are described. It is proposed to create a regional information and consulting centers system with their tasks indication of organizational, managerial and production nature. The main department’s role in this process of agro-industrial development as centers for the relations coordination between farmers with state management bodies, information and consultation centers and the public is characterized. The single agrarian information environment role and an automated information and analytical system for monitoring the Ukraine agro-industrial complex in the information and consulting support updated system formation for agricultural commodity producers has been determined. It is proposed to separately study the issue of domestic system efficiency and effectiveness functioning and information and consulting support regional services for the Ukraine agrarian sphere.

Особенности цветения и формирования плодов Juglans regia L. с латеральным типом плодоношения в условиях Нечерноземной зоны средней полосы России

The research was carried out at the Department of Fruit Crops of the Educational, Scientific and Production Center of Horticulture and Vegetable Crops named after V.I. Edelstein of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in Moscow in 2021–2023. Flowering and fruiting of Juglans regia L. were evaluated during three years. It was found that J. regia plants with the lateral type of fruiting, which is characterized by the formation of female flowers in most axillary buds of the current year’s growth, have a high adaptive potential. The identification of the features of J. regia flowering phenology taking into account the peculiarities of the natural and climatic character allows to establish the best forms and determine the most optimal temperature conditions. The evaluation of the phenological phases showed significant differences between the J. regia cultivars in terms of the onset and duration of the phenological phases. A significant factor in reducing fruit set is systematic damage to male and female flowers and shoots by recurrent frost. The highest resistance to recurrent frost was observed in a number of forms with late leaf shooting: 1.26KSK. Unequal blooming of male and female flowers was revealed, the phenomenon of protogyny was observed in 70% of the studied forms, while the difference in blooming of male and female flowers ranged from 1 to 10 days. Fruits have a high amplitude of variability. The study showed that the shape and size of the fruit are constant on one plant.

Analysis of the swine movement network in Mexico: A perspective for disease prevention and control.

Pig farming in Mexico is critical to the economy and food supply. Mexico has achieved advancements in swine health and established an electronic database that records swine movements (Sistema Nacional de Avisos de Movilización, SNAM). In this study, we characterized swine movement patterns in México between 2017 and 2019 to identify specific areas and periods that require concentrated efforts for effective epidemiological surveillance and disease control. We employed a Social Network Analysis (SNA) methodology to comprehensively describe and analyze the intricate patterns of pig movement. In addition, we sought to integrate swine population density into the analysis. We used metrics to characterize the network structure and identify the most critical nodes in the movement network. Cohesion metrics were used to identify commercial communities characterized by a high level of interconnectivity in swine movements between groups of nodes. Of a cumulative count of 662,255 pig shipments, 95.9% were attributed to slaughterhouse shipments. We observed that 54% of all Mexican municipalities were part of the network; however, the density of the movement network was less than 0.14%. We identified four Swine Production Centers in Mexico with high interconnectivity in the movement network. We detected moderate positive correlations (ρ ≥0.4 and <0.6, p < 0.001) between node metrics and swine population indicators, whereas the number of commercial swine facilities showed weak correlations with the node metrics. We identified six large, geographically clustered commercial communities that aligned with the Swine Production Centers. This study provides a comprehensive overview of swine movement patterns in Mexico and their close association with swine production centers, which play a dual role as producers and traders within the swine industry of Mexico. Our research offers valuable insights for policymakers in developing disease prevention and control strategies.

РЕСУРСНА БАЗА ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКСПОРТНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ: ВИКЛИКИ, ПОВʼЯЗАНІ З ВІЙНОЮ

The economic, social, and political consequences of the war on Ukraine’s export potential are analysed in the paper. Authors of the research offer recommendations for preserving and developing export opportunities during the post-war recovery period. The study highlights the impact of war on Ukraine’s resource base, which is essential for the growth of exports. The destruction of infrastructure has made it difficult to transport goods from production centers to international markets, thus limiting the volume of exports. The study identifies key resources that play a strategic role in the formation of Ukraine’s export potential. It also identifies ways to reduce the vulnerability of the country’s economy to external influences. It has been studied how different factors can work together to increase a country’s ability to export goods in the era of global economy. A balanced combination of these factors is crucial to make the most of the export potential. Failing to achieve this balance could result in an increase in the amount of untapped export potential. It is important to pay attention to certain factors when trying to develop a country, determine its potential place in the global market, and boost its export potential. The availability of resources is a key factor in determining the product-geographic focus of implementation. However, it is important to note that even if a country has a sufficient resource base, it does not guarantee sustainable economic development. Other factors such as political stability, trade policy, market access, and a favourable business environment also play an important role in a country’s economic growth and export potential. The text also discusses how the various stages of a full-scale war could affect Ukraine’s ability to export goods. Moreover, the study focuses on the problem of loss of human capital caused by the war. The war has led to the loss of skilled workers and specialists who could contribute to the growth of the export industry. The migration of skilled labor to other countries has also led to labor shortages in key industries, which further weakened Ukraine’s export potential. The article proves that the destruction of infrastructure, the loss of human capital, and the reduction of direct foreign investment in the complex contributed to the weakening of the export industry. Finally, the article argues that solving the above problems will be crucial for restoring Ukraine’s export potential.

Supply chain efficiency of red chilies in the production center of Sleman Indonesia based on performance measurement system

Supply chain efficiency of red chilies in the production center of Sleman Indonesia based on performance measurement system

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КЛАСТЕРНОГО АНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ СЕЛЕКЦИОННОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ ЧЕЧЕВИЦЫ (Lens culinaris Medik)

The article presents the results of a study of agronomic characters of lentil, carried out in the fields of the A.I. Barayev Scientific and production center for grain farming JSC in 2021-2023. The objects of the study were 100 varieties from the genetic collections of lentil from the Institute of Plant Industry, ICARDA and foreign varieties (Turkey, Canada, Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus). The Shyraily variety was adopted as a standard for large-seeded lentils, and the Krapinka variety – for small-seeded lentils. As a result of the research, sources of certain agronomic characters of lentils in the conditions of the Northern Kazakhstan were identified. Hierarchical clustering of the main components based on important agronomic characters revealed the presence of five groups with different breeding values. The most promising in practical and breeding terms are the samples belonging to the first cluster, which exhibit the highest expression of such quantitative characters as optimal yield and seed weight per plant. The second cluster includes productive and earlymaturing samples, while the samples in the third cluster can be used as sources of high protein content. Lentil samples from the fourth and fifth clusters may serve as promising parent material for the development of new lentil varieties.

A Cultural History of the Greek Digital Games Origins: From Clones to Originality

Literature on the digital games industry and gaming history has for the most part focused on the global production centres of North America, Western Europe, Japan, and, lately, China. However, in recent years, a call to research the diverse and less dominant national contexts within which digital games are produced has been addressed. In this article, we shed light on early digital game development in Greece, covering the years between 1982 and 2002. This particular region has been highly neglected by both domestic and international researchers. We approach Greek digital game development from both historical and cultural perspectives, through an investigation of how local game developers interact with a wide range of contextual facets in a complex interrelation between global and national conditions. This article argues that, in order to highlight the characteristics of early national game production cultures and digital games design, one must examine them as well under the broader cultural production ecosystem, along with the economic and institutional contexts and transformations within which digital game production takes shape.

Analysis of the structure of an intellectual information system based on the concept of functional stability

The development of modern society requires intensive development of information technologies with a high degree of autonomy. This issue is especially acute for production enterprises that operate under the influence of destabilizing factors. In this work, research on the property of functional stability continues. Functional stability means the property of an information system to maintain its functioning, possibly with a decrease in quality, during the specified time under the influence of external and internal destabilizing factors. External and internal destabilizing factors mean failures, failures of system modules, mechanical damage, thermal effects, errors of service personnel. The main stages of ensuring functional stability are the detection of the module that failed during control, the diagnosis of the module that failed, and the restoration of the functioning of the intelligent information system. A feature of intelligent information systems is that they must function autonomously. With their help, it is possible to ensure an increase in the labor productivity of all production centers while reducing the number of people employed in production. The purpose of the work is to build a mathematical apparatus for quantitative assessment of the functional stability of the data exchange system of the intelligent information system. In addition, this article shows the advantages of using quantitative methods of assessing functional stability based on such indicators as the limit and margin of functional stability. On the basis of these assessments, recommendations can be made for building an intelligent information system. In addition, the evaluation data will help to more clearly formulate the requirements for the structure of the intelligent information system, which will be designed for uninterrupted data transmission.

Microsurgical dissection methods for embryonic cloning of monozygotic twins

To date, biotechnological methods for producing double grains play an important role in increasing the production of milk and meat. At the same time, monozygotic twins are of particular interest for assessing the heritability of quantitative traits, breeding value when studying the influence of the maternal effect on offspring and creating reserve genes with known properties. However, in cattle, the frequency of birth of twins is only 0.025%, and the appearance of identical twins is only 0.01%. The reasons for the separation of embryos in the process of ontogenesis are unknown, but their production became possible with the development of genetic engineering methods, which include embryonic cloning by microsurgery of early embryos (dissection). The results of research in this area are mostly not applied, which is due to the high cost of micromanipulation equipment and the complexity of the procedure due to the large number of micro-tools. Today, the development of simplified methods of microsurgical manipulations on embryos remains an urgent task. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the possibility of simplifying the existing technology of microsurgical dissection of preimplantation embryos by developing appropriate tools. In connection with this goal, the tasks of developing a device for simplifying the dissection procedure and determining its effectiveness in comparison with the use of a micromanipulator with one tool were determined. The development of the device and its practical application were carried out in 2021-2023 at the Regional Research and Production Center for the Reproduction of Farm Animals of the Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov. The conducted studies showed the following results: the efficiency of using a micromanipulator with one microscalpel was 86.1%: as a result of dissection of 61 embryos, 105 full-fledged demiembryons out of 122 possible ones were obtained. The efficiency of the developed device was 10.2% higher – after separation, 27 embryos received 52 compacted demiembryons out of 54 possible (96.3%).

Better late (Roman) than never! A possible amphora fragment from 6th century Balatonlelle, Western Hungary

This study reports on a unique finding connected to the re-examination of the ceramic assemblage recovered from the Langobard age (6th century AD) settlement of Balatonlelle, situated in the territory of the former Roman province of Pannonia (now in western Hungary). An undecorated body sherd, not picked up by either the initial typological evaluation of the ceramics or by the preliminary petrographic analysis, was now reassessed by thin section ceramic petrography and scanning electron microscopy. The new analyses revealed that this sherd contains rock and mineral inclusions originated from ophiolites, including slightly serpentinised peridotite fragments. Such rocks do not occur on the surface in Hungary, whereas they are commonly found in the Eastern Mediterranean. The presence of ophiolites in the potsherd indicates that this vessel was produced in a distant territory. The macroscopic characteristics of the sherd combined with its petrographic fingerprint suggest that this pot might have been a transport amphora produced in the Eastern Mediterranean. Although rarely found in Pannonia in the Migration Period, several amphora types, including the most frequently found LRA 1 type, were produced in numerous production centres in the Eastern Mediterranean, in territories geologically congruous with the aplastic inclusions found in the fabric of the Balatonlelle sherd. The significance of this finding is that from Langobard age Pannonia, amphorae occur only sporadically, connected mainly to former Roman settlements. While any conclusions drawn from a single sherd must necessarily remain tentative, this sherd nonetheless provides some material evidence for the existence of some sort of contact between Balatonlelle and the Eastern Mediterranean during the 6th century, be it economic, political or cultural. This study also aims to celebrate the career of György Szakmány, who was one of the key figures to establish ceramic petrographic research and education in Hungary, and trained many generations of petrographers – including the present authors. As such, it also serves as an example how ceramic petrography can bring a new dimension of information to archaeological research.

Multi-dimensional analysis of financial accounting information and construction of decision support systems

Abstract Financial information is the core information of modern enterprises, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of enterprises. Based on the cost variance accounting model, the comprehensive budget management model, and the financial crisis early warning model, the financial information decision support system was constructed. Company S was selected for case analysis, and three modules in the decision-making system were used to analyze the company’s operating costs, overall budget management, and financial situation. Among the seven work centers of Company S, the consumption costs of the semi-finished product center and the procurement center account for the highest proportion, reaching more than 50% of the total manufacturing cost. Acquisition operations, raw material processing operations, semi-finished product operations, packaging operations, and quality inspection operations are some of the value-added operations of The Company. The operation efficiency of the procurement center, quality inspection center, maintenance center, and storage center is not high. Raw material processing centers, semi-finished product centers, and packaging centers are highly efficient. In 2022, the net profit of Company S will be -1.7592 million yuan, and the total profit will be -2.7418 million yuan. Management and selling expenses are exceeding the budget. The probability of financial risk was 82.35% and 88.46%, respectively. The company is facing serious financial risks due to its declining corporate sales, solvency, difficult capital turnover, and severe financial risks.

Socio-economic perspective of rice farming in shallot production centre in Nganjuk District, East Java Province

Socio-economic perspective of rice farming in shallot production centre in Nganjuk District, East Java Province