Sphere Of Production Research Articles

PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION AND LOCALIZATION OF NARROW PLACES IN THE PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

The key elements of logistics management of the distribution system of goods, in particular international trade networks, are studied. The parameters of evaluating the efficiency of individual distribution channels of goods in the distribution system are considered. The concept of "bottleneck" in the distribution network in general and individual distribution channels in particular has been clarified. The causes of bottlenecks in the distribution system channels, the points of localization of possible current restrictions - bottlenecks in the distribution system of goods are analyzed and the ways of their elimination are investigated. The results of research, methods and recommendations can be used to form the optimal distribution strategy of modern companies in conditions of unstable demand and under the influence of other negative factors. In view of the above, the task is to study in more detail the key elements of logistics procurement management for the defense sector in space and time and to develop practical recommendations for logistics management of the organization of defense procurement. Therefore, the aim of the study is to analyze the structure of the distribution network in conditions of unstable demand and under the influence of other negative factors in order to identify bottlenecks in the distribution system and find ways to eliminate them optimally.To achieve this goal, the following were investigated: priorities and guidelines for logistics management of the distribution system of goods from the manufacturer to the network of end users; structure and configuration of distribution channels in the distribution system as a subject of optimization; causes of bottlenecks in the distribution system channels and ways to eliminate them. Thus, logistics solutions localized in the field of distribution are a "trade-off" relationship with the sphere of production. That is, the field of distribution focuses on two important issues: first, the rationale and formation of distribution channels; secondly, the design and implementation of physical distribution of goods. In addition, the logistics management of the distribution system should be understood as the management of the process of moving goods from producer to end consumer, or their network, integrated with relevant financial, information and service flows to ensure a mix of logistics tasks.

Producer as a key figure in the art market of postmodern culture

The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the producer and cultural and anthropological understanding of the producer as a key figure in the art market of the postmodern culture of the XXI century. Methodology. The conceptual methodological core of the study is a comparative analysis of production as a phenomenon of modern culture and, in particular, culturological analysis of the figure of the producer as a symbolic subject in the light of the progressive development of the third wave society. Using the method of hermeneutic interpretation, the peculiarities of the producer's activity as a key figure in the art market of postmodern culture are revealed. The scientific novelty lies in the conceptualization of the figure of the producer as a phenomenon of humanitarian knowledge of the postmodern culture. It is hypothesized that the worldview of the new synthetic worldview of the producer may be a new paradigm that replaces the third wave: altermodern. Its characteristic features are glocalization, cluster practice, transculture, etc. Conclusions. Understanding of production as a phenomenon of the art market and the figure of the producer (entrepreneur, manager) as a key figure in the creative economy showed that this model of economic relations belongs to the third wave and is a typical manifestation of symbolic exchange. The specificity of the economy of experiences is the escalation of the free market, which through universal enthusiasm tries to appropriate the sphere of artistic culture and turn art products into brands and goods. The metalanguage of the art market, built on the principles of information aesthetics, provides for diffuse mechanisms of assimilation of the world, with many hybrid forms and gradual displacement by art sponsorship, which becomes a commercial concept. This applies to both individual and national acts of creativity, which is reflected in the practices of multiculturalism. The development of symbolic exchange in the creative economy has led to the institutionalization of the institution of production as a mechanism of mediation between the artist and the public, which needs an accessible art product that can differently affect the ontological adequacy of the work.

ПОЧЕМУ ИСПАНСКАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ ЯВЛЯЕТСЯ ВЕЛИКОЙ

According to the author, the revolution in Spain of 1931-1939 can be at-tributed to the number of "great revolutions" along with the Great French and Great Russian Revolutions. This characteristic is not applied evalua-tively, but as characterizing the depth and impact on world processes. The author shows that the revolution in Spain in 1936-1937 reached the maxi-mum social depth for the twentieth century, extending democracy to the sphere of production, which became an unprecedented phenomenon. The author polemizes with those historians who see syndicalist social transfor-mations as the reason for the collapse of the industry of the Spanish Re-public. The author cites statistical and archival data that refute this myth and show that the industrial democracy sector contributed to the growth of arms production and the maintenance of production. What makes this revo-lution great is also the international significance of the events in Spain, which became the first major battle with fascism, the beginning of an epic that ended with the defeat of fascism in 1945 - although not in Spain. Ar-guing with Russian and Spanish historians, the author dwells on the ratio of internal and external factors during the war, provides factual data on the size of Soviet military aid and its dynamics, which allows us to assess its significance in the struggle in Spain and the weight of events in Spain for the pre-war situation. Due to its depth and international significance, the revolution of 1931-1939 occupies a significant place in the history of not only Spain and Europe, but also the world, its lessons remain important for the XXI century.

The dual form of education as a component of integration processes in the educational environment

The most important characteristic feature of the current stage of development of higher education in Ukraine is integration processes that reflect, on the one hand, substantive and structural changes within the education system, and on the other hand, the processes of interaction between education and the production sphere. The priorities of state policy and the concept of innovative development in the field of education indicate the necessity to form a wide range of mechanisms for cooperation between business and educational institutions. In the educational standard of higher education in specialty it is noted that the future specialist must be ready for the following activities: production and technological activities, project activities, research activities, organizational and management activities. Specific types of professional activity, for which a specialist is mainly prepared, are determined by higher educational institutions in cooperation with students, teachers, and employers' associations. With such an essential range of requirements for future specialists, there is a need for qualitative changes in the content and organization of training.
 In modern social and economic conditions, the activities of higher education institutions that train specialists for the food industry are associated with solving a number of problems: the imperfection of the mechanisms of social partnership between educational institutions and employers; insufficient practical orientation in the training of qualified personnel for a particular enterprise; inconsistency of the educational and resource base of educational institutions. As a result of the search for effective forms of organizing of the educational process for solving the tasks set before education, the introduction of elements of dual education in the educational process seems to be expedient, promising, and of current interest

Strategic priorities of social production digitalization: world experience

Strategic priorities of social production digitalization: world experience

Конструирование профиля обучающегося общеобразовательной школы в контексте системно-деятельностного и компетентностного подхода

At present goals and objectives of the education development are associated with ensuring the global competitiveness of the Russian education in general and guaranteeing the entry of the Russian Federation into the top 10 countries in the world in terms of the quality of general education, in particular.
 To achieve these national goals and objectives aimed at the development of education, the purposeful activity of general education institutions is required. They should focus on the design of modern school models to transform them into a new type of schools that will be able to improve the quality of education and ensure the school graduates’ training and preparation for their future adult life in the context of sustainable technological changes in the production, economic and social spheres.
 The article presents the approaches used by the staff of the Educational Complex "Nasha Shkola" in Novosibirsk to the construction of the Student’s Profile as a target reference point for the educational content standard of the System "Nasha Shkola" in the context of the system-activity and outcome-based approaches.
 The paper also considers the list of universal competencies and literacy groups that are formed by the educational and technological environment of the school and allow creating conditions for the personal and professional success of each student.

Состояния операторов эргатических систем в фокусе педагогической деятельности

Human conditions and ways of their regulation are presented as a significant problem of a specialist included into the system human-technical device. Unfavorable human-operator's states in the ergmatic system reduce the specialist's cognitive functions, lead to errors and failures in the systems operation. Possible means and experience in assessing the states of operators of systems of special importance are listed. The task of increasing the reliability of work of ergatic systems by means of self-regulation of states at operators is updated. The research of students', graduates', and specialists' ideas about the states and methods of their regulation is described; deficits of students' and specialists' ideas about the states of operators and their importance in the work of ergmatic systems are revealed. Additional guidelines for professional training of specialists in technical areas and specialties, which are able to ensure the reliability of ergonomic systems' operation by self-regulation of operators' own states, have been identified. The author's concept information-analytical readiness of operators in conditions of risks and uncertainty is presented. Information-analytical readiness of operator in the sphere of production is directed to increase the reliability of work of ergmatic system; in the sphere of professional education it becomes one of the priority tasks in pedagogical activity. The content of the Model of an educational institution graduate in technical directions and specialties has been specified. A number of activities of the educational environment for the implementation of the new model have been outlined.

ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSETS OF ENTERPRISES

Variability of demand for goods, depending on their availability and cost is a frequently observed phenomenon in the sphere of production and consumption. This paper discusses the possibility of using the ABC analysis for the inventory management system. This type of analysis makes it possible to apply various methods of inventory management for increasing the income and reducing the costs of particular products for manufacturers.
 As is known, the management process approach emphasizes the systematic study of management by defining management functions in an organization and then examining each in detail. There is a general agreement on the planning, organizing, and controlling functions.
 Traditional inventory management systems, such as the Lean Order Quantity (EOQ) model, are based on the assumptions of constant demand rate, constant inventory cost, and instant order. The EOQ assumption of instant order receipt means that the entire order quantity, that is, all units of the purchased lot is immediately received from the supplier. The Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) model weakens this assumption by including incremental order receipt, i.e. debit.
 In recent years, major advances in the sphere of management include the following elements:
 process approach
 management science
 decision support approach,
 scientific approach to human resources development, and sustainable competitive advantage.
 These four approaches complement one another in current practice and provide a useful framework for project management.
 This paper presents a realistic model of the goods production and their inventory, since ABC analysis or ABC classification is an integral part of materials management. According to this approach, the inventory is divided into three categories depending on income generation. The ABC analysis helps entrepreneurs identify the main types of products in the warehouse, prioritize the goods management based on their cost, and analyze customer demand for a specific product.

Тенденция экономического развития производства строительных материалов в Республике Узбекистан

The article discusses the factors and trends of developing the industry of construction materials during the years of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Suggestions and practical recommendations for the further development of product diversification and deepening of economic reforms in the sphere of production of construction materials are presented in the paper as well.

Sustainable development strategy: education in the digital age

The modern global civilization is at the stage of the formation of the information society. The scientific and technological revolution, accentuation of the services production sphere, and growing importance of information resources determine the special significance of education as a driving force of social progress. This work is devoted to the analysis of the role of education in achieving the goals of sustainable development, in socio-economic development, its features during the period of information transformation of society, and key principles that contribute to solving the challenges of our time.

Waste Management of Production and Consumption as an Element of on the Circular Economy

Practical aspects of the functioning of the Russian economy in the field of production and consumption waste management are considered. The main problems inherent in the sphere of production and consumption waste management in Russia are identified. The principle of waste management of production and consumption, defined in foreign practice in the theory of management as 3R, is considered. The difference between the traditional «linear» model of economy and the closed-loop economy is shown. Some business strategies that can be supported by a closed-loop economy have been studied, namely, the «product as a service» strategy, which can be applied independently or combined with other technological solutions, and the «sharing» strategy. The conclusion is made about the need to develop digital solutions in the industry for processing production and consumption waste.

State competitiveness and sustainable development in the context of the new educational paradigm

Introduction. The article is devoted to the disclosure of an important task that now faces Ukraine, namely, the achievement of the competitiveness of its economy. This should be achieved on the basis of the principles of sustainable development, which is based on maintaining a balance of opportunities for the biosphere, social and economic development in order to meet the needs of the population. At the same time, the social sphere, and above all its educational sector, is of enduring importance.Purpose of the research. Therefore, the purpose of the study presented in this article is to substantiate ways to increase both quantitative and qualitative indicators of the national economy through the implementation of a new educational paradigm, intensification of the countryʼs socio-economic development, and the growth of its competitiveness.Results. Deepening of methodological approaches to identify trends in relation to the impact of the social sphere on ensuring sustainable economic development, achieving the competitiveness of the state in the context of the need for the national economy to enter an innovative growth trajectory.The content component of sustainable socio-economic support is analyzed. The role of education in this process is highlighted. The state of its development and resource provision is characterized. The main factors that contribute to the increase in the production of goods and services on an innovative basis are highlighted. In this regard, the analysis of the current situation in Ukraine regarding the training of highly qualified personnel and the activities of employees performing innovative developments has been carried out.It is proposed to actively introduce a new educational paradigm, new educational technologies that contribute to the growth of not only quantitative, but also qualitative parameters of the social sphere, economy and society as a whole.Prospects. As follows from the practice of economically developed countries, without raising the educational level of the population, it is impossible to ensure the growth of labor productivity, as well as to achieve the active introduction of new technologies in all spheres of production, together with production, together with the efficient use of resources, which is an important condition for the sustainable socio-economic development of our country. Therefore, it is promising to introduce this experience into domestic practice.

The health issues in self-appraisal of workers of industrial production and social sector

The article considers issues of health, safety and well-being of working citizens in such sectors of economy having great importance for every state such as production and social sphere. The problem of health preservation and working place safety is actual for working population all around the world, going beyond interests of individual citizens and their families and playing primary role in issues of labor safety and productivity, competitiveness and development of enterprises, stability of national economy sectors. The actuality of the study is conditioned by the fact that human resources and labor market are key institutional factors impacting the level of state socioeconomic development and determining health status of working citizens. In Russia, the issues of support by employers safe working conditions in various spheres of national economy to contribute to preservation of their employees health, to occupational diseases prevention ultimately determine both labor productivity at particular enterprise and development and stability of national economy as a whole. The study of self-assessment of health status of workers in industrial production and social sphere was carried out on the basis of results of survey implemented in September 2020 among medical personnel of the Municipal Hospital No. 11 of the city of Ryazan and employees of the oil refining plant - JSC Ryazan Oil Refinery. The analysis of the study results permitted to conclude that, in answering question about health status assessment, workers of social sphere consider themselves to be healthier than workers in industrial production.

Formation of a system for increasing the sustainability and productivity of the agro-industrial complex

Research into the issues of increasing the sustainability and productivity of the agro-industrial complex is becoming more and more in demand. The agro-industrial complex acts as a point of concentration of resources in the sphere of material production, a catalyst for economic development, and ensures an increase in the quality of life. This article discusses the issue of measures to increase the sustainability and productivity of the agro-industrial complex as part of strategic planning, ensuring continuous economic growth and the formation of food security, including using methods of effective human resource management. The authors analyzed the problematic aspects of the internal and external environment that affect the productivity of the agro-industrial complex, and also formulated relevant proposals to overcome pressing problems.

Current methods of formation of agricultural machinery park in the conditions of Lipetsk region

Agricultural machinery has a special influence. Nowadays, the state of the material and technical base of the agribusiness is a deterrent to technological modernization. Over the past 20 years, the machine-tractor park and energy supply have decreased more than 2.5 times. The current direction of sustainable development for agriculture is modernization of the technological sphere of production. On the example of Lipetsk region, the article considers the current condition of the crop production industry, identifies agricultural culture, which has priority cultivation in the region and considers the dynamics of the number of agricultural machineries in the region. In order to determine the role of agricultural machinery on grain yield, we have determined quantitative changes in the dependence of grain yield on the factors providing it by means of correlation and regression analysis, after which a close link has been revealed between the availability of agricultural machinery and yield. After the analysis, there were proposed the current directions of reproduction of the material and technical base of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Lipets region, exactly, the creation of machine and technological stations to provide small and medium-sized agricultural producers with equipment for cultivation of crops, which would help them to process the available land area in a timely manner. Support from the State is a special role in reproducing the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex. It is worth noting that currently the existing benefits and subsidies allocated to support agriculture are more applicable for large agro-industrial complexes, thus small and medium-sized agricultural producers are left without appropriate support. It is important to ensure a system of state support in such way that is taken into account the proportionality of this support among large, medium and small agricultural producers.

Features of Production and Consumption Waste Management in Russia

The analysis of legislative issues of regulation of the sphere of production and consumption waste management is carried out. The problems and shortcomings that reduce the effectiveness of the mechanisms for managing production and consumption waste provided for by current legislation are identified. Features of production and consumption waste management are studied on the basis of analysis of the existing waste management system in the Russian Federation and research of advanced foreign experience. The analysis of the dynamics of the share of waste in the field of mining is carried out. The reasons for the high share of waste generation in the extractive industry are substantiated. It is proved that the steady growth of unauthorized landfills indicates the insufficiency of existing measures and the provisions that need to strengthen existing measures are presented. The main directions that can be considered a priority for the development of the domestic waste management industry are highlighted.

Cost management models in agricultural business

Any business, no matter how large it is, cannot work effectively without proper management of production costs. Some aspects of cost management have already been sufficiently studied, but new questions arise related to the industry specifics of cost formation. The paper considers the characteristics of various cost management tools, identifies conditions that restrict their use in agricultural production, justifies the selection of tools that are most adapted to the agricultural sphere of production and current Russian accounting and taxation practices, and presents a model of cost management by responsibility centers. The relationship between production costs and the final results of agricultural production organizations was studied, and potential opportunities for increasing production efficiency were identified. The composition of additional costs for the production of products with improved environmental characteristics is determined, and a method for their separate accounting for the use of various cost management tools is proposed.

Agroecological assessment of the effectiveness of different systems of soil protection measures in the reproduction of fertility of slope gray forest soils

The increasing anthropogenic impact on the slopes, the involvement of new slope lands in the production sphere require reliable substantiation of their erosion resistance. The study of the effectiveness of the influence of the contour-band organization of the territory and various doses of fertilizers on the intensity of rain and snowmelt runoff, the composition and properties of flat gray forest soils was the main goal of our study. The object of the study was a plot of gray forest middle loamy soils located on the slopes of the western exposure, in 12 soil sections. The article presents a study of the influence of the contour-band structure of plots using cattle droppings and top dressing on the fertile properties of gray forest soils. We used standard research methods to determine the amount of humus and determine the aggregate properties of the soil, as well as to determine the properties of the solid phase of the soil density. We established the level of impact of the forest belt organized in the study area, while taking into account that we applied top dressing on the study area, which affects the nominal influence of factors that led to an increase in the environmental stability of the studied soils. It is proved that runoff-regulating contour forest belts provide optimization of density and increase in soil porosity, improve water-air regime, activate living organisms of agrobiocenosis, increase the thickness of the humus layer, content and reserves of humus in the soil up to 3,6% and 130,7 t/ha depending on its location on the slope. It is established that the use of fertilizers as top dressing on the studied destroyed soils significantly increases the yield of plant crops, as well as increases their environmental sustainability. The study of slopes from the standpoint of assessing, analyzing, and predicting their erosion resistance is an important direction of soil protection agriculture and in solving the food insecurity in Russia. Due to the intensive reduction of the area of agricultural land, the decrease in soil fertility, the problem of anti-erosion protection of land requires an immediate solution.

A New (Circular) Economy: A New Special Arrangement for Second-Hand Goods!

The EU’s ambition is to achieve a fully circular economy by 2050. The aim of a circular economy is to generate as little waste as possible. A circular organization of the production and distribution chain does not fit well within the European VAT system, which takes the linear production and distribution chain as its starting point. A special VAT regime, the special arrangement for secondhand goods, is necessary to deal with the return of products from the consumer sphere to the productive sphere. Since within a circular economy goods return more often from the consumer sphere to the productive sphere, the special arrangement for secondhand goods is likely to become more important. In this article the author addresses the special arrangement for second-hand goods both in a domestic and an international situation. The author addresses issues within the current arrangement and discusses solutions to improve the special arrangement to make it a better fit for the circular economy. second-hand goods, circular economy, special arrangement, accumulation, movable property, distance sales, intra-Community acquisition, taxable dealer, profit margin, one Stop Shop

Ukraine at the context of the language politics in the middle of the 1940-s - the end of the 1980-s (on the example of Dnipropetrovsk region)

It was highlighted the process and was analysed the reasons pf spreading Russian language and narrowing the sphere of the using Ukrainian language in Ukraine in the second part of the 1940s-1980-s. On the materials of Dnipropetrovs’k region, one of the most developed region of the republic in the agrarian and agricultural sphere, it was shown that it was caused by the politics of the highest state-party leadership of the URSR and the most powerful agricultural construction in the first afterwardecade in the region's towns/cities during that the wide-involvement of the significant mass of people happened from different territories of the Soviet state and their subsidence on the permanent residence in the cities that made the using of Russian language objectively acceptable as the language of the international communication. The combination of these two factors contributed the large-scale deterioration of the Russian language in all spheres of production , administrative and managerial, cultural, everyday life and in the production, was identified the russification of the high, secondary special and professional education, general schools, nursery schools. Russian language became the language of the everyday life for the majority of the urban population. It was detected that the same tendencies started to appear in the village environment. It was analysed the forms and methods of its russification. The attention is focused on the factors that was promoted the wide-spreading and the fixing of the Russian language in the region. The serious influence on this situation had the policy that began to do in the USRS after the ending of the World War II on the initiative of the secretary of the CPSU Zhdanov A. It was called «zhdanivshchyna». The new outbreak of repression was happened during this period that was directed against scientific and creative intelligence. It was happened under the slogan of the struggle with "crawl" in front of west with "the rootless cosmopolitanism", "nationalism", the departure from marxism-leninism doctrine in science, culture, art. It is indicated that, as a result of such policy of the state, the region evolved from monolingual to bilingual. It's known that the situation with permanent ringing of the using of Ukrainian language didn't wick the negative among the population of the region. This position was based on the socially-economic factors (the best security of the industrial and grocery goods, higher salary compared to non-industrial regions, and the level and quality of life). The narrowing of the language sphere of the most Ukrainian ethnic region testified about the inorganic nature of the processes of the language policy in the Republic and the great role of the party-stare leadership in a sphere of the region russification. It's assigned that the process of russification supervised by the manifestations of anger up to the national history, culture, the perception of everything Ukrainian as less valuable. It's shown the demographic intertance of the carried out policy.